Abstract: The invention provides an integrated water treatment system suitable for use in the treatment of contaminated water, wastewater, potable water, aquaculture, industrial water and polluted water bodies. An integrated water treatment system according to at least one embodiment of the invention comprises a plurality of modules adapted to float in a body of water integrating a plurality of different attached growth biofilm media types positioned within a plurality of water flow paths and circulations. The conditions provided by a multiple of media types and plurality of flow paths creates a multiplier effect increasing the number of treatment zones and an increased diversity of interconnected treatment process zone types.

Abstract: Water purification and recycling system that generates electricity and has a large reservoir and a small reservoir that provides potable water to a water user structure. After use by the water user structure, wastewater is applied from said water user structure via at least one wastewater path to wastewater treatment apparatus. The wastewater treatment apparatus receives and processes the wastewater using a power plant that operates continuously to produce steam. The wastewater treatment apparatus is also powered by a co-adjuvant gas turbine generator is adapted to generate supplemental steam for the power plant.

Abstract: The invention includes a method for the optimization of the soluble CO2 concentration in the aeration basin of an activated sludge system, which significantly improves the specific growth rate of the nitrifying bacteria. The result is a reduction in capital and energy costs for municipalities. The rate of nitrification is a product of the nitrifying bacteria biomass concentration and the specific growth rate of the bacteria. In the activated sludge system, the biomass concentration is maintained at high concentrations by reducing the wasting rate. The specific growth rate is a function of the ammonium concentration and the environmental conditions. Here, the inventors show that growth of nitrifying bacteria is inhibited when the soluble CO2 concentration is elevated beyond certain parameters. Elevated soluble CO2 concentration also reduces the pH, which also impacts the rate of growth of nitrifying bacteria.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of single- or multilayer plastic web plates in a sloped channel-type solid material separator with a lamella package.

Abstract: The invention provides a high-performance liquid chromatography system, said system is controlled in temperature by running a fluid in sleeves that surround the different parts of the system. All parts in contact with the fluid are made in fluoropolymer, carbon-filled fluoropolymer, or carbon-fiber fluoropolymer.

Abstract: A device for purifying liquid wastewater, includes: a container suitable for retaining a granulate consisting of solid particles, and for enabling the contact between the solid particles of the granulate and the liquid wastewater flowing in the container between: an inlet for the liquid wastewater to flow into the container, and an outlet for substantially decontaminated water to flow out of the container; a community of microorganisms extending so as to be in contact with the solid particles of the granulate; at least one live benthic invertebrate whose mean size is greater than 250 ?m and which is distributed in the granulate; and at least one live benthic invertebrate whose mean size is from 50 ?m to 250 ?m and which is distributed in the granulate, characterized in that the community of macrobenthic organism and meiobenthic organism species includes a proportion of 60% to 80% of invertebrate detrivorous organisms.

Abstract: A mixer settler [1] comprises a settling tank [30], an organic launder [40] provided within the settling tank [30], an aqueous launder [50] provided within the settling tank [30], and an isolated aqueous weir box [70] which is positioned internally or externally relative to an outer profile of the mixer settler [1], the isolated aqueous weir box [70] being at least partially operatively isolated from the settling tank [30] by the aqueous launder [50]. The isolated aqueous weir box [70] comprises an adjustable weir [76] which separates a recycle chamber [72] from an advance chamber [74] therein. The organic launder [40] is operably connected to an organic advance effluent pipe [80], and the aqueous launder [50] is operably connected to the isolated aqueous weir box [70].

Abstract: A device for the filtration of a complex fluid composition such as blood, includes a base (12) with a bottom (18), a top (14) with a bottom (30), and a membrane (16) that is arranged between the base and the top so as to define a low chamber C1 and a high chamber C2, with an input tap (26) of the complex composition that is to be filtered emptying into the low chamber C1, an output tap (28) of the retentate with elements for adjusting the flow rate emptying into this same low chamber C1, and an output tap (36, 36-1) of the high chamber C2, whereby this output tap (36, 36-1) of the permeate is subjected to negative pressure.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for filtering a fluid containing nanoparticles. The systems and methods generally include introducing a stream of the nanoparticle-containing fluid into a holding vessel, and extracting at least a part of a nanoparticle-containing fluid accumulated in the holding vessel. The extracted nanoparticle-containing fluid is passed through a filtration module to separate a nanoparticle-containing retentate from a permeate, and the retentate is returned to the vessel. The filtration cycle can be repeated until a desired concentration of the nanoparticles is achieved in the holding vessel. In many embodiments, the generation of the nanoparticle-containing fluid and its filtration are performed concurrently.

Abstract: A fluid treatment system for treating feed water includes a first tubular member having first and second ends, at least one second tubular member having first and second ends, a pump positioned within the first tubular member, a filtering membrane positioned within the second tubular member, a first end cap for receiving the first ends of the first and second tubular members, and a second end cap for receiving the second ends of the first and second tubular members.

Abstract: The present invention relates to biological treatment and devices applicable in this respect. The closed container comprises a first inlet (20) and a first outlet (18), at least one vertically orientated tube (6) arranged in the container (2), the lower end of said tube being raised above the bottom of the container (2), a first gas supply (8) arranged at the lower end of said tube (6) for creating a first circulating flow (F1) of liquid and microfilm carriers through the vertically orientated tube, a second gas supply (16) arranged at the bottom and in the vicinity of the wall of the container for creating a second circulating flow (F2) of liquid and microfilm carriers. The invention additionally relates to a plurality of serially connected containers.

Abstract: A process for continuous production of biodiesel from vegetable oils or animal fats by transesterification with methanol or ethanol to give crude fatty acid alkyl esters, subsequent washing with water in a wash column to remove water-soluble impurities, subsequent drying by vaporization of the water content and subsequent removal of steryl glycosides by adsorption onto calcium bentonite, wherein the adsorption column(s) used is/are regenerated in a first step, for desorption of the steryl glycosides, by rinsing with a mixture consisting of fatty acid alkyl esters and methanol or ethanol, and in a subsequent second step, for removal of methanol residues, by rinsing with fatty acid alkyl esters or with gaseous nitrogen or carbon dioxide.

Abstract: Trapping structures are provided for particle separation devices that make use of traveling wave fluid flow. These trapping structures are operative to capture and collect separated particles and present them for extraction. The extraction can be accomplished in conventional manners, such as through the use of suitable sized pipettes.

Abstract: A method and installation for treating wastewater containing ammonia includes feeding activated sludge from an aeration tank into a hydrocyclone. The sludge is separated into a specifically heavy fraction containing mostly anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (anammox) and a specifically light fraction containing mostly aerobic oxidizing bacteria (AOB), which are returned to the aeration tank. The hydrocyclone includes a roughened inner wall surface for at least partially removing an organic or inorganic cover layer disposed on the anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (anammox).

Abstract: A decontamination system for decontaminating at least one contaminant in a process stream. Decontaminant liquid is dispersed into the process stream using atomization. A controller detects contaminant levels in the process stream and adjusts the flow of decontaminant fluid into the process stream in response.

Abstract: The dewatering system for oil storage tanks includes a dewatering pipe or line extending from the bottom of the oil tank, and a recirculation or return line teed into the dewatering pipe and extending back to the tank. The return line may include multiple branches to the tank, which permit return flow across the bottom of the tank to flush scale, sediment, and/or other residue from the bottom of the tank. A sensitive oil/water sensor is installed at the tee. When a minute fraction of oil is detected in the water, a valve downstream of the tee and sensor is automatically closed to return the oil and water mix back to the tank before any oil can leave the system. The system may include a timer mechanism to operate the recirculation system automatically on a periodic basis.

Abstract: A method for controlling fouling of a settler vessel overflow system comprises maintaining at least a minimum stream flow in the overflow system by recirculating a portion of the overflow stream. A system for performing the method is also disclosed.

Abstract: Water treatment systems and methods are provided to minimize membrane fouling and the required maintenance that results therefrom. A water treatment system includes a pressure vessel with a plurality of spaced-apart membranes disposed therein, and an impeller or other means for circulating feed water through the interior of the vessel and past the membranes. Antifouling particles (such as diatomaceous earth or activated carbon) and/or pellets can be added to the feed water inhibit membrane fouling and extend the useful life of the membranes.

Abstract: A system and method are provided for removal of undesirable substances from a body of liquid. The system can include an aeration structure having a continuously inclined surface configured to provide an interaction of air bubbles against substantially an entire length of the continuously inclined surface while the air bubbles are moving toward a top of the body of liquid. The continuously inclined surface can be substantially submerged in the body of liquid. A bio-film of diverse bacteria colonies is disposed on the continuously inclined surface, and a high surface area-to-volume structure is located in proximity to the aeration structure, upon which a bio-film of bacteria colonies can be formed.

Abstract: An apparatus for treating a liquid includes a first flow generator having an outlet for generating a first flow stream and a reaction chamber positioned in proximity to the outlet of the first flow generator and having a cavity adapted to receive the first flow stream from the first flow generator and reverse its direction within the confined space of the cavity. The flow generator may be a cavitation generator for producing multiple cavitation bubbles in the first slow stream, or a nozzle for generating a flow stream devoid of cavitation bubbles. A method for treating a liquid includes directing the liquid into a first flow generator configured to generate a first flow stream of the liquid, and directing the first flow stream from the first flow generator into a cavity of a reaction chamber.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods and apparatuses for treating a condensate stream from a condenser that contains odorous compounds, such as various condensate streams produced in a rendering process. In one embodiment, the condensate stream is treated by adding an oxidizer to the liquid condensate stream to oxidize odor-causing compounds in the stream prior to being treated in a waste water pre-treatment system. In this manner, the odor resulting from these compounds can be reduced or eliminated.

Abstract: A clinical analyser wastewater treatment apparatus is disclosed including a carbonator section. Preferably there is also an anodic oxidation section and a UV oxidation section, as well as a heavy metal removal section. The anodic oxidation section may include a conductive diamond anode. The apparatus may include a measurement device downstream of the carbonator section and a control system to control the operation of the carbonator. The measurement device is preferably a pH sensor.

Abstract: A liquid concentrator having an evaporator assembly and a cyclonic separator includes features designed to improve the performance of the liquid concentrator. A settling chamber is separated from a sump of the cyclonic separator. A liquid inlet opening into a mixing chamber of the evaporator injects wastewater at low pressures. Features to aid in the cleaning of the liquid concentrator include easy open doors and clean water injection ports for cleaning interior portions of the liquid concentrator.

Abstract: A liquid concentrator having an evaporator assembly and a cyclonic separator includes features designed to improve the performance of the liquid concentrator. A settling chamber is separated from a sump of the cyclonic separator. A liquid inlet opening into a mixing chamber of the evaporator injects wastewater at low pressures. Features to aid in the cleaning of the liquid concentrator include easy open doors and clean water injection ports for cleaning interior portions of the liquid concentrator. In one feature a settling tank is disposed below the cyclonic separator and has a width that is larger than the width of the cyclonic separator. In another variation, the cyclonic separator has a tubular body with an interior that is substantially unobstructed between an inlet from the evaporator assembly and an exhaust outlet. In yet another variation, the cyclonic separator has an upper chamber that is separated from a lower chamber.

Abstract: A method and a system for selecting and retaining solids with superior settling characteristics, the method comprising feeding wastewater to an input of a processor that carries out a treatment process on the wastewater, outputting processed wastewater at an output of the processor, feeding the processed wastewater to an input of a gravimetric selector that selects solids with superior settling characteristics, and outputting a recycle stream at a first output of the gravimetric selector back to the processor.

Abstract: A polymer-free method and self-draining self-cleaning apparatus for treatment of water with high total dissolved solids including optional pretreatment, precipitation/flocculation, and separation. The pH is raised by addition of caustic soda and/or soda ash. In a vertical clarifier silo, the feed is gently mixed to cause dissolved solids to precipitate and agglomerate to form suspended flocculates. The clarifier includes an internal mixer surrounded by a cylindrical tube diffuser. Rotation of the mixer provides gentle dual circulation patterns within the clarifier that allow for flocculates of a predetermined size to settle from suspension. The clarifier may also include one or more vertical recirculation lines to recirculate some of the heavier flocculates at the bottom of the vessel into the mixer chamber to enhance precipitation via the seeding effect. The suspended flocculates are stripped from the feed water in a centrifugal separator. The clarifier silo may be trailer mounted for rapid deployment.

Abstract: An automatic filtering system for filtering a cooking medium in a fryer, includes a frypot; a filter manifold having removable filter; a pump, that supplies cooking medium from the filter manifold to the frypot; a pressure sensor that senses a pressure of the cooking medium supplied by the pump; and a controlling mechanism that controls an operation of the pump in response to the sensed pressure data. The control mechanism halts the operation of the pump after sensing a drop in the pressure of the cooking medium pressure that is greater than or equal to a predetermined pressure drop threshold. The systems and methods of the invention provide automatic filtering that may reduce or eliminate an incorrect refilling operation after the filtering of cooking medium, so that the filtering process may be performed correctly each time.

Abstract: The invention relates to a continuous process for decontaminating a radioactive liquid effluent comprising one or more radioactive chemical elements to be removed that comprises the following steps: a step of bringing said radioactive liquid effluent into contact, in a first reactor, with solid particles capable of capturing and retaining said radioactive chemical element(s) to be removed, by means of which a suspension of solid particles containing said radioactive chemical element(s) to be removed is obtained; a step of settling said suspension, in a second reactor, by means of which a solid phase is obtained that comprises the solid particles containing said radioactive chemical element(s) to be removed and a liquid phase depleted or devoid of said radioactive chemical element(s) to be removed; a step of separating said solid phase and said liquid phase; characterized in that a portion of said solid phase obtained at the end of the settling step is reinjected into the first reactor for the implementatio

Abstract: A disposable cartridge for use in a hemodialysis machine has a blood flow path for carrying a volume of blood to be treated in a dialyser and a dialysate flow path, isolated from the blood flow path, for delivering a flow of dialysate solution through the dialyser. The cartridge is received in an engine section of the machine. The engine section has first and second platens which close when the cartridge is inserted to retain the cartridge. Actuators and sensors arranged on the second platen control operation of the cartridge.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for selecting, retaining or bioaugmenting solids in an activated sludge process for improving wastewater treatment using screens. The screens can be used to separate and retain solids based on size, compressibility or shear resistance. The screens are used to separate and select slow growing organisms, faster settling organisms, or materials added to absorb, treat or remove constituents in the activated sludge process. A swapping screen arrangement provides another means of selecting various particles. The exposed shear rate or time, particle compression, or SRTs can be adjusted manually and/or automatically in response to detected readings from an instrument such as a spectrophotometer or other optical approaches to optimize selection of organisms.

Abstract: An apparatus for treating waste water including a tank having at least one waste water inlet for passing waste water into an inlet region of the tank, at least one waste water outlet for draining waste water from an outlet region of the tank, at least one first baffle between said inlet region and a settlement region of the tank, wherein contaminants having a specific gravity less than one are able to settle out from the waste water for subsequent removal, at least one second baffle between the settlement region and the outlet region of the tank. A recirculation system is adapted to recirculate waste water from the outlet region to the inlet region of the tank. The recirculation system includes a water inlet arranged in the outlet region of the tank, at least one water outlet arranged in the inlet region of the tank, and a pump for pumping water from said water inlet to the water outlet.

Abstract: A processing system for processing raw slurry material comprises a barrel member defining a processing chamber, at least one intermediate opening, and an outlet opening, a trough system arranged to contain the raw slurry material, at least one transport member, and a drive system. As the drive system rotates the barrel member, the at least one transport member transports at least a portion of the raw slurry material from the trough system and through the processing chamber such that at least a first portion of the raw slurry material is transported to outlet opening, at least a second portion the raw slurry material exits the processing chamber through the intermediate opening, and at least at third portion of the raw slurry material is allowed to flow back towards the trough system.

Abstract: A water treatment system provides treated water to a point of use by removing at least a portion of any hardness-causing species contained in water from a water source, such as municipal water, well water, brackish water and water containing foulants. The water treatment system typically receives water from the water source or a point of entry and purifies the water containing at least some undesirable species before delivering the treated water to a point of use. The water treatment system has a pressurized reservoir system in line with an electrochemical device such as an electrodeionization device. The water treatment system can have a controller for adjusting or regulating at least one operating parameter of the treatment system or a component of the water treatment system. The electrochemical device can be operated at a low current and low flow rate to minimize water splitting or polarization, which minimizes scale formation.

Abstract: A removal device for removing gas bubbles and/or dirt particles from a liquid in a liquid conduit system or for removing an undesired liquid from the liquid in the liquid conduit system includes: a housing having: an entry, at least one exit, an inner space defined by the housing, at least one tube placed within the housing, where the at least one tube extends substantially between the entry and the exit and defines a main flow channel, at least one branch flow passage located near the entry for allowing fluid communication between the main flow channel and an area outside the tube and within the inner space defined by the housing, at least one return flow passage located near the exit for allowing fluid communication between the area outside the tube and the main flow channel, at least one quiet zone formed within the inner space.

Abstract: A filter assembly for a fuel delivery system for actuators and fuel control system of an aircraft engine includes a wash flow filter. Fuel flow velocity is increased through the filter through use of a recirculating passage that is effectively achieved through use of an ejector pump. A portion of the pressurized fuel delivered by the main fuel pump is diverted and serves as a motive fluid that scavenges unfiltered flow from downstream of the filter and recirculates or discharges the recirculated flow to an inlet of the filter. This provides increased velocity to maintain sufficient washing of the filter openings.

Abstract: A system for treating ballast water in ballast tanks onboard vessels and offshore constructions is provided. The system comprises one or more ballast tanks, a circulation pump capable of circulating or recirculating, via a tubing, ballast water from and to the one or more ballast tanks, a gas supply unit which is connected to the tubing on the delivery side of the recirculation pump in such a manner that gas, such as air and/or inert gas such as nitrogen and/or carbon dioxide can be supplied to the ballast water; and one or more nozzle heads that are functionally connected to the tubing and is/are arranged in one or more ballast tanks, said one or more nozzle heads comprising at least one nozzle for injection of the gas-containing water into the one or more ballast tanks, and a device configured for removing and/or killing live organisms in the ballast water.

Abstract: A self-cleaning system for a filter includes a filter element; a filter housing with first, second, and third ports; the first port being a fluid inlet; the second port being a fluid outlet, and the third port being a recirculation outlet, the first and second ports being on the upstream side of the filter element; the third port being on the downstream side of the filter element; enabling primary and transverse flow through the filter; whereby reverse flow via the third port is used to clean the filter element; the system including a one-way valve connected to the second port to inhibit reflux of drain fluid into filter. A recirculation pump and a drain pump are controlled to periodically drain the lint removed from the filter to the system drain.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for removing solutes from wastewater are disclosed. An embodiment provides a reactor tank having a manifold located at or near an interface between a lower (upstream) section having a first cross-section and a higher (downstream) section having a second cross-section smaller than the first cross section. An inlet for wastewater to enter the reactor tank is located in or below the first cross-section. A recycling path is provided for removing wastewater from the manifold and recycling at least part of the removed wastewater into the reactor tank. An outlet for water to exit the reactor tank is located downstream from the manifold.

Abstract: A blood treatment system includes: (i) a dialysate circuit; (ii) a blood filter in fluid communication with the dialysate circuit; and (iii) an extracorporeal circuit in fluid communication with the blood filter, the extracorporeal circuit including a blood pump, a downstream line from the blood pump, an upstream line to the blood pump, a first patient access line, a second patient access line, a first valve arrangement fluidly communicating the first and second patient access lines to the downstream line, and a second valve arrangement fluidly communicating the first and second patient access lines to the upstream line.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and/or apparatuses for treating wastewater produced at a thermoelectric power plant, other industrial plants, and/or other industrial sources are disclosed. The wastewater is directed through a wastewater concentrator including a direct contact adiabatic concentration system. A stream of hot feed gases is directed through the wastewater concentrator. The wastewater concentrator mixes the hot feed gases directly with the wastewater and evaporates water vapor from the wastewater. The wastewater concentrator separates the water vapor from remaining concentrated wastewater. A contained air-water interface liquid evaporator may be arranged to pre-process the wastewater before being treated by the wastewater concentrator.

Abstract: A water distribution system including a water storage tank, a water treatment unit, a diverter valve, and interconnecting water conduits arranged so that the same water treatment unit can be used to treat water supplied from a fill port to the storage tank during a fill operation, as well as water leaving the storage tank for supply to one or more points of water use during a supply operation. A diverter valve is provided which is movable between a fill position wherein the water treatment unit is in fluid communication with the fill port and not the point of water use device, and a supply position wherein the water treatment unit is in fluid communication with the at least one point of water use device and not the fill port. When the diverter valve is in the fill position, water supplied to the fill port can thus flow through the diverter valve and to the water treatment unit for treatment then to the storage tank for storage.

Abstract: A system for removing lipids from blood during cardiopulmonary bypass surgery is disclosed. The system uses an acoustophoretic separator having improved trapping force. The transducer of the acoustophoretic seperator includes a ceramic crystal. Blood flows through the separator, and lipids are trapped and removed.

Abstract: An automatic filtering system for filtering a cooking medium in a fryer, includes a frypot; a filter manifold having removable filter; a pump, that supplies cooking medium from the filter manifold to the frypot; a pressure sensor that senses a pressure of the cooking medium supplied by the pump; and a controlling mechanism that controls an operation of the pump in response to the sensed pressure data. The control mechanism halts the operation of the pump after sensing a drop in the pressure of the cooking medium pressure that is greater than or equal to a predetermined pressure drop threshold. The systems and methods of the invention provide automatic filtering that may reduce or eliminate an incorrect refilling operation after the filtering of cooking medium, so that the filtering process may be performed correctly each time.

Abstract: A fluid filter includes a filter element having a filtering media disposed between two endplates. One endplate includes an open flow passage that allows a working fluid to flow into or out of the media during operation. The other endplate includes a connection structure. A cover houses the filter element, and has an opening that is an inlet or outlet in fluid communication with the opening of the one endplate. The cover includes another fill opening proximate the other endplate. A cap is connected to the connection structure of the other endplate to close the opening of the cover. The cover is retained between the cap and other endplate. Generally, the attachment configuration between the cap and the other endplate of the filter element helps ensure that the filter element with the correct micron rating is installed in a filtration system.

Abstract: A ballasted sequencing batch reactor system for treating wastewater including one or more sequencing batch reactors. A weighting agent impregnation subsystem is configured to mix biological flocs and weighting agent to form weighted biological flocs. A weighting agent recovery subsystem is configured to recover weighting agent from the weighted biological flocs and reintroduce the recovered weighting agent to the weighting agent impregnation subsystem.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a blood treatment device with at least one extra-corporeal blood circuit with a filter element and with at least one centrifugal pump means, wherein furthermore a monitoring means is provided, by means of which the flow resistance of the extracorporeal circuit can be determined, wherein the flow resistance can at least partly be determined with reference to the flow in at least one portion of the extracorporeal blood circuit and the speed of the centrifugal pump means. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a monitoring means for a blood treatment device and to a method for operating a blood treatment device.

Abstract: Certain disclosed embodiments concern systems and methods of preparing dialysate for use in a home dialysis system that is compact and light-weight relative to existing systems and consumes relatively low amounts of energy. The method includes coupling a household water stream to a dialysis system; filtering the water stream; heating the water stream to at least about 138 degrees Celsius in a non-batch process to produce a heated water stream; maintaining the heated water stream at or above at least about 138 degrees Celsius for at least about two seconds; cooling the heated water stream to produce a cooled water stream; ultrafiltering the cooled water stream; and mixing dialysate components into the cooled water stream in a non-batch process.

Abstract: An apparatus for removing target chemicals from water includes a reaction chamber, a source of an aqueous solution of the target chemicals that can be supplied on demand to the reaction chamber, a timer that times a reaction between the particles and the target chemicals such that a concentration of the target chemicals in the aqueous solution reaches a predetermined low level in a desired time, and elements for removing the aqueous phase from the reactor while keeping the particles entrained inside the reactor using a microfilter configured to be back flushed, adding aqueous solution to the reactor from the source and continuing cycles until the particles are saturated, removing and replacing the particles in a final cycle of a particle charge lifetime, and recovering the target chemicals from the particles such that the particles can be reused.

Abstract: A chemical release system. Implementations may utilize implementations of a first cartridge that include a body coupled with a cartridge head at a first end and coupled with an end plug at a second end where the cartridge head includes a through hole configured to engage with an annular flange in a main head. The body may have an internal cross section. The first cartridge may also include a flow restrictor plate disposed within the body between the first end and the second end where the flow restrictor plate is oriented substantially parallel to the cartridge head within the body, includes only one opening therethrough, and substantially conforms with the internal cross section of the body. The body may include one or more through holes in a side of the body located between the flow restrictor plate and the cartridge head.

Abstract: A fluid filter includes a filter element having a filtering media disposed between two endplates. One endplate includes an open flow passage that allows a working fluid to flow into or out of the media during operation. The other endplate includes a connection structure. A cover houses the filter element, and has an opening that is an inlet or outlet in fluid communication with the opening of the one endplate. The cover includes another fill opening proximate the other endplate. A cap is connected to the connection structure of the other endplate to close the opening of the cover. The cover is retained between the cap and other endplate. Generally, the attachment configuration between the cap and the other endplate of the filter element helps ensure that the filter element with the correct micron rating is installed in a filtration system.