Abstract: The present invention is directed to an apparatus and method for providing absorption of two fluid phases with one another and for the magnetic treatment of the phases for molecular realignment for effective separation of contaminants.

Abstract: There is provided an apparatus in which a distribution head 6 is arranged in a sludge pipe 1, through which a wastewater or sewage sludge stream 2 flows, is associated with a rotational plane 18 and includes flocculation liquid outlets (10) and mixing blades (11). It is desirable to provide for a better admixing of the flocculant liquid to the wastewater or sewage sludge. This is achieved by forming the flocculant liquid outlets 10 as slots and the mixing blades 11 as strips which extend transverse to the rotational plane 18 and have a length equal to at least half of the width of the sludge stream. The flocculant liquid exits from each slot as a broad strip into which a following blade extends and pulls along its outer edge the flocculant liquid in a form of a foggy strip through the wastewater or sewage sludge. The water content of the flocculant liquid should be such that maximum 3 parts of the flocculant liquid is admixed to 100 parts of the wastewater or sewage sludge.

Abstract: An endless screen lifts fecal matter and sewer influent debris from an influent channel. The endless screen is powered by an externally positioned air cylinder driving a pawl and rachet to move the screen in an elliptical path. A tank positioned below a top drop point for the screen receives the fecal matter and debris. A paddle mixer breaks up the fecal matter for return to the sewer channel and a conveyor picks up the debris and deposits it in a landfill receptacle.

Abstract: A waste water system having an embedded separator capable of concentrating activated denitrified sludge, and recycling the denitrified sludge to an anaerobic cell, provides a highly efficient method and apparatus for sewage disposal. The basic system is described in several embodiments which are selected on the basis of the waste water content. The improved system minimizes dilution of mixed liquor, increases hydraulic retention time at the various process points, and conserves energy.

Abstract: A process and device for the filtration of solid-liquid mixtures, in particular, solid-liquid suspensions with readily sedimenting substances, uses a filtration device such as a rotary filter optionally operating at an overpressure and in a pressure vessel. The process primarily comprises producing a movement in addition to the natural or usual filtration movement of the or in the mixture. Conveniently, a filtration device and, in particular, with rotary filters in a pressure vessel, includes a partly open feeding device, in particular, a feeding pipe for the supply of mixture or suspension, and a device for additionally influencing the natural or usual filtration movement of or in the mixture or suspension for generating an additional flow of the mixture.

Abstract: A process of dewatering primary-treated sewage which includes mixing the sewage with a coagulant or flocculant aid, usually activated polymer. The sewage is then mixed and flocculated at conditions which involve extensive mixing turbulence of the sewage and whereby part of the sewage is recycled so as to be again subjected to such mixing and flocculating. Flocks form the solid particles in the sewage. The pH of the sewage is chemically adjusted into the basic pH range or to a higher basic pH. The sewage is applied to a sand bed whereby the flocculated solids in the sewage are separated from the liquid in the sewage, by collecting on the top of the sand bed. The flocculated solids located on the top of the sand bed are air dried. The dried flocculated solids are removed from the top of the sand bed.

Abstract: Reactor for biological sewage purification having a tank with a casing and a bottom surface and a funnel-shaped member in the tank. An activation space is defined between the casing and the funnel-shaped member and a separation space is defined inside the funnel-shaped member with a passage in the funnel-shaped member for communication between both spaces. A partition extends from the casing to the funnel-shaped member. A recirculation means defines an inlet communicating with the separation spaces and an outlet communicating with the activation space. A circulation circuit is formed for circulating fluid between the activation space and the separation space.

Abstract: An apparatus for treating substantially liquid sludge having means for providing sludge of less than 10% solids content to a basin, means for providing an alkaline additive in sufficient quantity to the sludge in the basin to increase the ph of the sludge in the basin, a sludge/alkaline blender having a sludge arm conduit, an alkaline arm conduit, and an exit conduit, means for delivering alkaline additive to the alkaline arm conduit, means for delivering recirculated sludge/alkaline mixture drawn from the basin to the sludge arm conduit, means for delivering sludge/alkaline mixture containing newly added alkaline additive thoroughly intermingled with the recirculated sludge/alkaline mixture through the exit conduit of the blender, and means for mixing the sludge and alkaline mixture in the basin to ensure substantially all particles of the sludge alkaline mixture have a pH level of a minimum level.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the separation, in particular filtration of liquids and solids from solid-liquid mixtures, such as from a mineral, ore, coal or sludge suspensions of contaminated earth. The processing space of the filtration apparatus is submitted to overpressure and includes a collector container for solid-liquid mixture, a pressure filter, a discharge system and container for condensate and solid matter. The separation or filtration takes place at an overpressure and at an elevated temperature, preferably 40.degree. C. to 300.degree. C., conveniently 60.degree. C. to 200.degree. C., preferably about 150.degree. C. The pressure filter device communicates with a source for a heated medium.

Abstract: Process for producing free-flowing solid material from an aqueous sludge waste composition that includes mixing the sludge with previously dried solids, pelletizing the composition to form strand-like material, drying the outside layer of the strand-like material, and drying the partially dried material by contacting with heated gas.

Abstract: A device for separating inorganic material polluted by organic material from a fluid, especially of sand polluted by organic material in sewage devices, is provided with a circular shaped container (1), which in its upper region has a feed device (19) for the introduction of the fluid into the container (1), with an extractor device (32) for the inorganic material positioned in the lower region (7) of the container (1) and with an extractor device (29) to discharge the organic material and the fluid. A fluidized sand bed (14) is provided in the lower region (7) of the container (1) in order to separate the organic material from the inorganic material. The fluidized sand bed (14) is kept in motion by an upward flow of liquid distributed via a perforated base (8). A by-pass (38) is provided to transfer part of the sand from the fluidized sand bed (14) into the extractor device (32) in the lower region (7) of the container (1).

Abstract: A process of dewatering primary-treated sewage which includes mixing the sewage with a coagulant or flocculant aid, usually activated polymer. The sewage is then mixed and flocculated at conditions which involve extensive mixing turbulence of the sewage and whereby part of the sewage is recycled so as to be again subjected to such mixing and flocculating. Flocks form the solid particles in the sewage. The pH of the sewage is chemically adjusted into the basic pH range or to a higher basic pH. The sewage is applied to a sand bed whereby the flocculated solids in the sewage are separated from the liquid in the sewage, by collecting on the top of the sand bed. The flocculated solids located on the top of the sand bed are air dried. The dried flocculated solids are removed from the top of the sand bed.

Abstract: To purify untreated water, for example waste water, containing organic pollution, materials in suspension and nitrogen-containing pollution, reagents are added under conditions adapted to coagulate all of the materials in suspension, including colloidal materials, to form granular physical/chemical floc. Diluting water is added, preferably after the reagents, in a flowrate ratio of at least 2/1. The dilute flocculated water is caused to flow through a bed of sludge in the form of such dense and granular floc and denitrifying bacteria. The bed is subject to turbulent but intermittent agitation. A denitrified effluent is recovered. This denitrified effluent is caused to flow through a biological filter or preferably through a fluidized bed containing nitrifying bacteria and into which oxygen or air is injected. A clarified effluent is obtained, some of which is recycled as the diluting water.

Abstract: A foam fractionator which can create a vortex is utilized to remove proteins from an aquatic environment by skimming. The vortex is created by a propeller arrangement located at the bottom of an internal chamber, centrally located within a main reaction chamber. Air sucked from the atmosphere by the vortex passes down through a central chamber and is dispensed outwardly into the main chamber where air bubbles form and rise to the surface. The air bubbles attract protein deposits which stick thereto which results in the formation of a protein-containing surface foam that is collected within a collection cup.

Abstract: A sewage treatment system is provided, for cleaning a sewage by filtering solid components in the swage through floating filter medium, wherein the filtration performance can be improved and the filtration cleaning can be performed efficiently. The sewage 18 is flowed into the treatment tank 12 in upward-flow, and filtered through the floating filter media layer 22 made of the meshy cylindrical floating filter medium 20 which have smaller specific gravity than the sewage 18. To wash floating filter medium 20, the air is jetted from the air jetting pipe 54 and the revolution flow is generated to scale solid components adhering to filter medium, and then the sewage 18, which has washed the floating filter medium 20, are discharged to the outside of the tank 12 while the air is jetted from the air jetting pipe 56 for full jetting to jet the floating filter media layer 22 in whole.

Abstract: A floating inlet assembly for use with a mixing apparatus in a digester. The floating inlet assembly comprising a floating inlet housing which is vertically reciprocable with respect either to a fixed inlet tube or to a guide tube structure.

Abstract: A method for aerating waste water, wherein the interface area between air and waste water is enlarged by splashing the water by means of blades and wherein the sludge present in the waste water is kept in suspension by creating flows and/or turbulence in the water. The waste water is set in motion by moving a plurality of blades arranged in a circle through the waste water, in such a manner that the connecting parts interconnecting the blades substantially do not extend into the waste water. The device for aerating waste water is provided with a container for waste water and with a rotor being rotatable about a substantially vertical axis, whose portion pointing downwards may extend into the waste water. The rotor comprises blades having surfaces which are substantially radially and axially oriented, whereby the blade surfaces are at least partially located below the rotor parts interconnecting the blades so that the connecting parts substantially do not extend into the waste water.

Abstract: Apparatus for chemical reforming of organic materials comprises a tubular housing having a longitudinal axis, and an open-end tube rotatably positioned in the tubular housing generally parallel to the axis, which tube carries radially extending projections. Also, halogenated, organic compounds may be chemically reformed by the device of this invention.

Abstract: A wastewater treatment plant for removal of organic matter, suspended solids and other pollutants comprising a pre-treatment chamber, a biofilm-aeration chamber and a settling chamber. Biofilm grows on biofilm support structure which is stationary and submerged in the mixed liquor of the biofilm aeration chamber. The combination of submerged or surface aeration and suspended solids particle size reduction occurs thereby creating a sufficient fluid flow within the biofilm aeration chamber. This combination of sufficient fluid flow, and reduced size suspended organic particles results in the efficient digestion of organic matter and pollutants by the biofilm growing on the biofilm support structure submerged in the biofilm aeration chamber. This results in a vastly more effective digestive process than conventional processes producing no sludge. Further, resulting treated effluent has a high dissolved oxygen content and low BOD and SS.

Abstract: A novel apparatus for separating solids from fluids is closed to the atmosphere and comprises a spray feed inlet, a distributor cup and a heat exchanger and it allows for solid recovery under pressure without requiring substantial solvent volatilization.

Abstract: A wastewater pretreatment tank assembly reduces the amount of solid matter on sludge in household sewage before the wastewater is introduced into a municipal sewage treatment system. Bacteria and enzymes are added to the wastewater in a first chamber where the sludge is digested. Then the wastewater spills over a weir into another chamber where ammonia is stripped. The wastewater is aerated and optionally chlorinated. The pretreatment of household sewage reduces the burden on the municipal sewage treatment facility, and reduces the risk of exceeding the capacity of the facility.

Abstract: A solid-liquid separator for sludge which includes a tank with a sludge suction port, an intake/exhaust port and a sludge discharge port. A plurality of agitating blades are mounted on a rotatable shaft within the tank and are capable of being driven in either of two rotational directions. A plurality of injection nozzles are internally mounted on the bottom of the tank in such a manner as to eject a mixture of sludge coagulant and air into sludge contained within the tank. A pump which is capable of producing a vacuum or pressure is connected to the intake/exhaust port so as to produce either a vacuum or a pressure within the tank and the sludge suction port is adapted to be connected to a source of sludge to intake the sludge into the tank. The injection nozzles are connected to a source of sludge coagulant and air. The disclosure also relates to the method of treating the sludge to separate into solid and liquid phases.

Abstract: An apparatus for recycling wastewater solutions includes a treatment tank and an air-operated pump and piping system for pumping wastewater contaminated with oil, heavy metals, and suspended solids from industrial equipment such as a jetwasher to the treatment tank, and for subsequently returning the purified water solution to the industrial equipment for reuse. A weir tube initially skims oil contaminants from the surface of wastewater in the treatment tank into a collection vessel. The recycling apparatus is powered solely by compressed air, which drives a rotary air motor powering mixing vanes in the treatment tank. Exhaust air from the mixing motor outlets into the treatment tank for the purpose of creating turbulence to enhance mixing. Air directed through an induction nozzle entrains flocculating polymer powder from a hopper in an air stream within a polymer supply hose exhausting into the treatment tank.

Abstract: The invention provides a reactor apparatus including a fluid bed reactor containing a media bed composed of particulate solids and biomass adhered thereto. The reactor apparatus also includes a biomass monitoring system for measuring changes in the size of the media bed and for activating a biomass growth control system when conditions with the reactor call for removal of excess biomass. The biomass monitoring system includes a vertical tubular member that is supported in the reactor and that serves to isolate a parameter or condition indicative of the size of the media bed. The biomass monitoring system also includes a sensing device for measuring changes in the isolated parameter or condition, and a mechanism for activating the biomass growth control system when signaled by the sensing device.

Abstract: Apparatus and process for pathogen reduction in waste where dewatered sludge having a solids content in the range of 10-60% is mixed with a selected alkaline additive selected from the group consisting of calcium oxide or calcium carbonate group. Hydration to calcium hydroxide occurs with an attendant release of heat. The pH of the sludge is then elevated and the heat of the hydration reaction is retained. Supplemental heat is added to the sludge, either to preheat the sludge prior to mixing it, or while mixing it, or both, such that effective neutralization of pathogens results. The supplemental heat is added by indirectly heating the sludge by heat generated by electric elements carried either in the mixing member, or by the chamber, or both, with electric power being supplied from outside the chamber.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for dewatering an aqueous coal slurry includes imparting high shear forces to the aqueous coal slurry in the presence of a peptizing agent to render coal particles hydrophobic by stripping clay from the coal particles and peptizing the clay in the aqueous medium of the slurry. The slurry is separating to recover coal particles and the aqueous medium is draining medium from the hydrophobic surface of the coal particles.

Abstract: Waste water is disposed in a flocculation mixing tank 1, an anaerobic tank 2 and an aerobic tank 3 connected in series. First, a dephosphorization flocculating agent and, if necessary, a polymeric flocculating agent are added to waste water in order to produce and grow phosphorus-containing flocs therein. Then, to the water is added a recycling solution from an aerobic tank 3, said solution containing nitrates and nitrites. The mixture water is charged in an anaerobic tank 2 until microbially decomposable components (herein referred to BOD components), nitrates and nitrites are anaerobically and microbially decomposed and gas is produced. In the aerobic tank 3 is charged a supernatant solution from the anaerobic tank 2, said solution containing ammonium compound and BOD components, to nitrates, nitrites and CO.sub.2. At least a part of supernatant solution containing the nitrates and nitrites is recycled to the anaerobic tank 2. Solids discharged from the anaerobic tank 2 and the aerobic tank 3 are wasted.

Abstract: A method of treating sewage sludge is provided, in which the sludge is mixed with an alkaline material in such a way as to provide intimate surface contact that enables the alkaline material to permeate even small particles of the sludge, and to deliver the resultant product in a granular, scatterable form. The sludge and alkaline material are delivered to a mixing chamber and are confronted therein with a screw type mixer having generally helical flighting carried by a shaft, with the mixer being rotatably driven in generally horizontal arrangement to convey the mixture toward an outlet, with the mixture that is being mixed being maintained at a level in the mixer such that a spiral rolling action is imparted to the sludge and alkaline additive by the flighting engaging particles of sludge and rolling those particles up over the rotating shaft of the screw mixer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a sewage disposal apparatus employing large buoyant filter media and is directed to prevent effectively clogging in these filter media. The intended object of the invention can be attained by circulating the filter media by a circulation arrangement to allow the filter bed as a whole to flow very calmly, and more efficiently by removing sludge deposited on the filter media utilizing the circulatory movement of the filter media.

Abstract: A treatment apparatus and system for treating small batches of waste material from a septic tank or holding tank of a portable restroom service truck. The apparatus includes at least one processing tank capable of holding a small batch of waste material. The processing tank is designed to function as a processing tank in which oxidation of the waste material occurs and as a separation tank in which the oxidized waste material is separated into sludge and waste water. The processing tank has an upper section and a lower hopper section with a discharge pipe attached to the hopper section. Viewing ports are manufactured on the front surface of the processing tank which enables the operator to determine the amount of waste material placed inside the processing tank and to view the oxidation and separation processes occurring therein during treatment. A mixer is also provided which is used to mix the waste material.

Abstract: Self-propelled mobile apparatus for aerating water includes a vessel configured for movement across a body of water, and a mechanism contained entirely on the vessel for propelling the vessel across a body of water. A water aerating device is disposed on the vessel for aerating water as the vessel is propelled across a body of water.A method of aerating a body of water includes placing an entirely self-propelled vessel on a body of water to be aerated, propelling the self-propelled vessel across the body of water, and activating an aeration device disposed on the vessel.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a preferred application for the treatment of stored, waste or filtered water by the transfer of an oxidizing gas into this water. In this case, it has the functions of a turbojet with mass transfer. The installation is constituted by a vessel comprising two concentric parallel chambers communicating with each other at least by their ends,and the central chamber is provided, firstly, at least with two turbines arranged in stages, the rotational axis of which is the same as the axis of symmetry of the installation and, secondly, structures forming counter-blades placed in an alternating position with the turbines.

Abstract: This invention pertains to a multi-st vessel through which the to-be-cleaned fluid flows. Aeration assemblies within the inner cells disperse micro-fine gas bubbles into the fluid for cleaning purposes. Additionally, the inlet piping contains a separator that begins the separation process before this fluid is discharged into the first cell. An L-shaped passageway interconnects the various flotation cells of this separator with the entrance of each such passageway being at an elevation below its exit. A weir is located within each flotation cell that is adjustable as needed. This weir empties into a channel alongside the seprator vessel that collects the separated contaminants flowing over the weir for later disposal.

Abstract: A waste liquid treatment system (10) includes an aeration chamber (10A) and a settling chamber (13). An aerator (11) is disposed within the aeration chamber (10A). A conduit (12) delivers liquid from the aeration chamber (10A) to the settling chamber (13). A gas pocket (P) is provided in the aerating chamber (10A), with at least a portion of the gas pocket (P) being situated beneath the liquid level line (L.sub.13) of the settling chamber (13). Conduits (18 and 19) are provided for delivering liquid from the settling chamber (13) to the aeration chamber (10A). The conduits (18 and 19) have respective outlets (24, 26) which empty into the gas pocket (P) at an elevation below the settling chamber liquid level line (L.sub.13). In one embodiment, a gas pocket (P) is provided in the interior of a tubular component (23) of the aerator (11). In another embodiment, a gas pocket (P') is provided beneath a concave hood (32) which traps gas bubbles (30) introduced into an aeration chamber (110A).

Abstract: This invention relates to a sewage sludge treatment system resulting in an oxygenated and/or ozonated treated sludge containing substantially no pathogens. The system includes apparatus and a process for mascerating raw sludge, adjusting the pH to about 2.5 to about 3, adjusting the solids content to about 2.5% to about 4%, adjusting the temperature, if necessary, to about 20.degree. C. to about 40.degree. C., mixing an oxygen-rich gas, such as oxygen and/or ozone with the sludge as the sludge is mixed or recirculated through a hyperbaric vessel and simultaneously injecting the oxygen-rich gas into a combination gas and sludge mixing and dispersing assembly in an upper portion of the hyperbaric vessel. Such injection causes mixing of the gas and sludge and dispersement of such mixture in a plurality of streams to atomize and oxygenate the sludge.

Abstract: A sewage treatment system which presents a main flow line and a recirculating line, the former for flock which has appreciated in size due to the addition of a polymer and passage through an area of agitation/turbulence and the latter for the return of small sized flock to the agitator/turbulence area for size increase. The passageways of the system include movable flaps, serving recirculation purposes, and a ledge or flutter for current creation and flock build-up. Raw liquid sewage enters the system, where the outlet leads to a belt press and/or a dry bed to cake the resulting sludge.

Abstract: A centrifugal film bioreactor useful for processing both shear sensitive and shear requiring or tolerant cells. A liquid phase is directed upward in a guide tube to rotating truncated conical surfaces which transport the liquid phase across their surfaces. After leaving the conical surfaces, the liquid passes through a gaseous phase and may contact the wall of the fermentation vessel and then combine with the downward moving liquid phase in the lower part of the fermentation vessel, where it circulates. The maximum entrainment of the gaseous phase into the liquid phase occurs while the liquid phase is passing through the gaseous phase. Different configurations of guide tube propellers and fermentation vessel, allow for processing of different shear tolerant cells.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for fragmenting waste water sludge particles to destroy sludge particles and to enhance a dewatering process performed on the sludge. Sludge is passed through a slotted rotor that centrifugally propels the sludge through slots in a surrounding annular stator. Sludge particles forcibly impact against the side surfaces of the stator slots to fragment into smaller sized particles. During the fragmentation process water located in the pores of the sludge particles is released. The free water can later be separated from the sludge in a dewatering apparatus. When passing through the rotor and stator slots, organic cells are broken apart and a portion of each is converted to dissolved sugars and proteins.

Abstract: A foam flotation reactor for the separation of hydrophobic and hydrophilic products is provided. The reactor combines a material to be beneficiated, collector reagents, and a stream of specifically generated gas bubbles, in order to collect the desired product in the foam in a more efficient manner. A narrowed upper part of the reactor and accompanying water sprays force separation of undesired particles. A foam generator efficiently supplies a bubbly liquid/frothing agent to the reactor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a multi-stage, single reactor, purification system for disinfecting, washing, and concentrating solid wastes, which include contaminated soil, highly concentrated biosolids, spent animal bedding, and spent diapers, etc.A solid waste is fed into the reactor of this invented apparatus. At least one disinfecting and chemical agent (including cationic surface active agent known as quaternary ammonium compound) is fed together with water (as needed) into this reactor to disinfect and process said solid waste with the assistance of a mechanical mixing means inside said reactor. A disinfecting gas is fed to the same reactor as needed. After the period of feeding, disinfecting, processing, and mixing is over, the process water is drained. The disinfected and processed wet solid waste is discharged to an expulsion chamber means which removes residual water and compacts the disinfected and processed solid waste.

Abstract: A transportable apparatus for biological treatment of a slurry of contaminated materials, including a series of square reactor cells having substantially parabolic lower portions, set at the same elevation and communicating in series. Gas diffusers are placed in each cell for aerating and mixing the slurry, and an airlift slurry transport system is employed for recirculating the slurry. The apparatus also has applicability to the treatment of water and waste water.

Abstract: A compost crib is provided for the on-site disposal of animal carcasses accumulated during commercial operations, in which passive solar energy is utilized to assist in the decomposition process. Aerobic, thermophilic bacteria multiply in the sunlight, solar heat and heat of decomposition and convert nitrogenous material in carcasses and manure, as well as the carboniferous cellulose additive to the compost, to a bacterial biomass. The crib is simple in construction, having a frame with mesh walls to allow for adequate exposure to air. Access doors are provided for loading carcasses and for unloading recycled compost material for rotation back onto the compost mass. Solar panels are provided in the roof for the generation of solar heat and to provide sunlight to aid in bacterial photosynthesis.

Abstract: An improved aeration device for septic tanks which allows fine bubbles of air to aerate waste material in the tank so that aerobic bacteria may fully perform their decomposing function. Air enters the upper end of a shaft and exists adjacent a propeller. The propeller is protected from interfering with its bubble formation action by a guard bushing concentrically positioned in the air tube so that typical non-organic waste adulterants such is plastic and rubber materials, that are often found in septic tanks, are not drawn into the propeller to interfere with its action.

Abstract: A process for the biological treatment by nitrification and/or denitrification of an effluent containing nitrogen pollution includes the following steps:an incident flow of this water is brought into a mixing zone with at least one compartment in which, by turbulent mechanical agitation, an inconsumable and insoluble granular material, loaded with biomass, is put in homogeneous suspension in this water, and is maintained at a more or less constant mass concentration;this water and this granular material in suspension are circulated in a separation zone from which is extracted on the one hand clarified water, and on the other hand biomass loaded granular material; andalmost all of the active biomass fixed on said granular material is brought back by forced recycling to the mixing zone.

Abstract: A stock liquid is made to flow into a cell through a stock inlet at one end of the cell. The stock liquid is admixed with air bubbles from an air bubble generating device disposed at a lower portion of the cell and extending between the opposite end plates of the cell, thereby forming the stock liquid into a spiral flow. Ink particles are entrapped by the air bubbles to deink the stock liquid and the air bubbles remain as froth over the free surface of the stock liquid. The froth is made to flow down to the froth trough. The deinked stock liquid is discharged to the exterior of the cell through the stock outlet at the other end of the cell.

Abstract: Disclosed are a process for laminating a functionally gradient material and a laminating apparatus for the same. The process therefor includes a suspending step and a functionally gradient material laminating step. In the functionally gradient material laminating step, solid-liquid separation is carried out to a suspension while varying the mixing rates of the suspension particles contained therein continuously or in a multi-staged stepwise manner. Therefore, the functionally gradient material layer thus laminated offers a composition gradient varying continuously or in a multi-staged stepwise manner in the thicknesswise direction thereof in a superior continuity, and the composition fluctuates less in the planewise direction thereof. In addition, the process and the laminating apparatus have obviated the atomizing and the spraying which adversely affect a working environment.

Abstract: A coagulation reaction tank comprises a cylindrical tank provided in the central part thereof with a rotary stirring mechanism furnished with stirring vanes and a filtration tank for introducing the liquid from within the cylindrical tank in the form of filtrate and discharging the filtrate out of the cylindrical tank. This coagulation reaction tank is characterized by the fact that the filtration tank provided in the bottom thereof with slits is disposed in the cylindrical tank above the stirring vanes or the cylindrical tank provided in the upper part of the wall thereof with slits and the filtration tank is disposed outside the slits.

Abstract: This invention pertains to a multi-stage separator vessel through which the to-be-cleaned fluid flows. Aeration assemblies within the inner cells disperse micro-fine gas bubbles into the fluid for cleaning purposes. Additionally, the inlet piping contains a separator that begins the separation process before this fluid is discharged into the first cell. An L-shaped passageway interconnects the various flotation cells of this separator with the entrance of each such passageway being at an elevation below its exit. A weir is located within each flotation cell that is adjustable as needed. This weir empties into a channel alongside the separator vessel that collects the separated contaminants flowing over the weir for later disposal.

Abstract: A device for use in the mixing of fluids, e.g. the gasification of liquids, comprises an elongate member including an internal passage; and, mounted on the elongate member via radials arms, one or more venturi members each having a convergent-divergent duct whose axis is substantially tangential to the elongate member, and in which the neck of the duct has an opening in communication, via passages in the radial, with the internal passage. On rotation of the device, reduced pressure in the duct neck draws fluid down the shaft of the elongate member.

Abstract: An apparatus for treating organic waste water including a treating tank equipped with oscillatable submerged type contactors in which the organic waste water is treated. A top mixer is disposed under water in a top portion of the treating tank for creating a current of water in agitated condition. Pipe mixers are disposed below the top mixer, each pipe mixer including a pipe which is open at both ends and a band-like agitating blade fitted in the pipe and having a baffle plate portion. One end opening of each pipe mixer is positioned below the top mixer and the other end opening thereof is positioned in a lower portion of the treating tank, so that the current of water from the top mixer can pass through the pipe mixer from the one end opening toward the other end opening and can be discharged from the other end opening.