Abstract: A magnetic circuit is shaped to generate an essentially uniform magnetic field parallel across the length of a container, and an essentially uniform magnetic field gradient along the length of the container as well. The dot product of the magnetic field and magnetic field gradient, known as the relative force density, is substantially uniform over the entire container, thereby causing particles to uniformly separate throughout the container.

Abstract: A device for introducing a static magnetic null field is disclosed. The device is comprised of a holder for magnets, wherein the magnets are arranged so that the null field is generated in the area of a sample of cells, tissue or other cellular material. The device is configured to maintain the magnetic null field for long periods of time. The device can function with bar magnets or certain electromagnets.

Abstract: A method of determining the number of magnetic particles within a sample using a tuned circuit having a capacitor and a coil. The method comprises: a. determining the difference in the resonant frequency of the tuned circuit when the sample is exposed to a magnetic field generated by the coil and when the sample is not exposed to the magnetic field generated by the coil; and b. using the difference in the resonant frequency to determine the number of magnetic particles within the sample.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing magnetized water. The apparatus comprises a plurality of magnet bars arranged in a radial manner, in which each magnet bar is structured such that a plurality of neodymium based permanent magnets is stacked in a stainless steel pipe in a manner such that like poles of the permanent magnets face each other. Thanks to this structure, the apparatus has a large contact area between the magnetic field and water flowing through the apparatus, thereby activating water by changing the structure of water.

Abstract: The invention offers the equipment for an in-pipe running water activation method that is simple to operate and provides long-term stable performance while being beneficial to humans and to the environment. The invention relates to an in-pipe running water activation method and equipment characterized in that use is made of the action of the infrared radiation that is emitted from germanium-including biotite placed in the vicinity of a repulsive magnetic field generated by permanent magnet north poles arranged in mutually opposing positions.

Abstract: A reverse osmosis system is subject to long periods of non-use in which water stands inside. A hollow-cylindrical spiral-wound type reverse osmosis membrane is disposed inside a cylindrical pressure vessel. An electrostatic-field generator is disposed inside the pressure vessel. A high voltage direct current source powers the electrostatic-field generator and a voltage gradient is constantly produced inside the volume of the pressure vessel. Such gradients cut through the fabric of the reverse osmosis membrane layers. The voltage to the electrostatic-field generator is kept on at all times, and prevents biofouling, even during lay-up periods. Current flow through the electrostatic-field generator is insignificant because it acts as a high-Z capacitor.

Abstract: Method for the wet dynamic separation of a suspension in liquid phase, comprising microparticles comprising a magnetic material and a liquid medium in which said microparticles are in suspension, in which method: a) the suspension is confined in a chamber having a volume defined by at least two dimensions, for example length and depth; b) at least one plurality of elementary magnetic fields is set up, these magnetic fields being distributed in a “Halbach semi-configuration”, whose respective ends facing the chamber generate a vector sum of said elementary magnetic fields, corresponding to a magnetic capture field passing through said chamber and exerting a magnetic attraction on the microparticles, and whose opposite respective ends generate no magnetic field; and c) said capture magnetic field is generated, whereby a solid phase enriched with microparticles is captured in said chamber, and a liquid phase depleted in microparticles is extracted from said chamber.

Abstract: A device for separating ions from a fluid stream is disclosed. The device includes multiple chambers in fluid communication with one another. A first chamber has an inlet, and a last chamber has an outlet. The inlets and outlets of intermediate chambers are connected to one another so that fluid flows in a circular pattern through each chamber. A magnetic field extends through the chambers perpendicular to the flow. The magnetic field induces a force on the ions, moving ions of one polarity to ward the center of the chambers and ions of the opposite polarity toward the periphery of the chambers. Each chamber has an outlet for drawing fluid from the chamber center. The circulation direction reverses in each chamber allowing both positive and negative ions to exit via the outlets. Fluid of reduced ion concentration exits the outlet channel.

Abstract: High-gradient magnetic filter and method for the separation of weakly magnetisable particles from fluid media (2) in a circuit, embodied as a compact, low-maintenance unit with low repair requirements, comprising a housing (1), for the high gradient magnetic filter, with means for directing the flowing medium (2) in a pipe system with a feed (3) and return (4), a magnetic circuit (5), forming the high-gradient magnet filter in which at least one filter (8) is arranged in a filter chamber (7), formed between the pole faces (6) of the magnetic circuit (5), through which the medium (2) for purification flows, at least one permanent magnet (9), arranged in the magnetic circuit (5), for generation of a magnetic field between the pole faces (6).

Abstract: A method for reducing the presence of ferritic particles in lubricant employed in the lubrication of rotary shaft bearing of the type that include a first bearing contact surface, a second bearing contact surface and a plurality of rotatable bearing members disposed therebetween, a lubrication system employing such method and a lubricated assembly. The method includes providing a ferritic particle collector element of magnetised material in close proximity to the bearing and a path of lubricant flowing to the bearing. The close proximity being within a distance from the bearing contact surface which is less than five times the maximum diameter of the bearing contact surfaces. The collecting element may be an existing component of a lubrication system or lubricated assembly which is rendered magnetic or may be a magnet or magnets secured to an existing component.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for treating dirty water or other liquids containing particles of varying size includes a magnetic treatment unit and a centrifugal separator through which the liquid flows as a stream in sequence. The magnetic treatment unit causes very small sized particles to agglomerate, nucleate or otherwise to be amassed into larger particles which are then more easily separated by the centrifugal separator.

Abstract: A magnetic device for attachment on an exterior wall of a canister where the canister is mounted within a liquid flow path. The purpose of the device is to attract ferrous particulate matter flowing within the flow path and cause that ferrous particulate matter to be fixed to the inside surface of the canister therefore no longer flowing in the flow path. The device has a frame which includes a cavity and within that cavity is mounted a baseplate. Mounted on the baseplate are a pair of blocks. Mounted on each of the blocks is a plurality of magnets with the magnets mounted in a side abutting relationship in conjunction with each block. Between the blocks is located a bridge. The bridge permits limited flexing of the frame so the frame can be used to accommodate to different diameters of canisters within about a one-half inch range.

Abstract: A method for use in two-components electrostatic image developers is disclosed, in which secure separation of a carrier coating resinous materials from a core magnetic material is achieved without affecting the properties of the core materials through process steps benign to the environment in super- or sub-critical water compositions under the conditions of a temperature of 300° C. or more and a pressure of 20 MPa. The core magnetic material is subsequently recycled for forming carrier. This method may also be useful for processing waste including magnetic materials with silicone resin coating.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for manipulating and monitoring analyte flowing in fluid streams. A giant magnetoresistive sensor has an array of sensing elements that produce electrical output signals which vary in dependence on changes in the magnetic field proximate the sensing elements. The analyte is included in a stream, such that the stream has a magnetic property which is dependent on the concentration and distribution on the analyte therein. The stream is flowed past the giant magnetoresistive sensor and in sufficiently close proximity to cause the magnetic properties of the stream to produce electrical output signals. The electrical output signals are monitored as an indicator of analyte concentration or distribution in the stream flowing past the GMR sensor. Changes in the magnetic field produced by the background stream are introduced by analyte molecules, whose presence in the flow past the GMR will effect the output reading.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a water treatment apparatus for treating a water flowing in a water pipe, the apparatus comprises an inductive coil, which is sleeved onto said water pipe, and a voltage signal unit, which is electrically connected to the inductive coil for forming a voltage signal of a predetermined frequency to the inductive coil so as to generate an electromagnetic field to treat the water.

Abstract: A water treatment device includes a case having an inlet fitting on an underside thereof and a plurality of cylinders overlapped and received in the case. Each cylinder has a tube received therein and four first ribs connected between the tube and an inner periphery of the cylinder so as to define four first partitions for respectively receiving four curved magnetic pieces therein. Three second ribs are located in each tube and define three second partitions in each tube and each second partition has a plurality of mineral particles received therein. A first one of the three second ribs has an upper notch defined in a top edge thereof and a second one of the three second ribs has a bottom notch defined in a bottom edge thereof. A plurality of holes are defined through an area of the closed end of each cylinder and the area is located between the first one of the three second ribs and a third one of the three second ribs.

Abstract: A method is provided for separating superalloy metal powder from contaminants, such as process-produced contaminants, by enhancing the magnetic properties thereof in a carburizing atmosphere followed by magnetic separation of the contaminants from the superalloy metal powder to thereby enhance the concentration of the contaminants. Heating or mechanical agitation or both are employed to resist agglomeration of the metal powder before magnetic separation thereof from the contaminants. Certain preferred times and temperatures are disclosed.

Abstract: A compact package whose inner walls can be located near a radio frequency circuit without changing the characteristics of the radio frequency circuit has a planar circuit on the bottom of the package, which is enclosed with metal walls. A high impedance plate is formed in two dimensions on the metal plate of a lid. The high impedance plate has a dielectric sheet on which is formed a conductor sheet on which is formed a two-dimensional periodic array of right hexagonal metal patches. The high impedance plate blocks surface propagation of electromagnetic waves in a certain frequency band (band gap). The operating frequency of the planar circuit is set within the band gap, so that the lid and the planar circuit can be put close to each other with no change in the operation characteristics of the planar circuit.

Abstract: The present invention is a device to magnetically treat beverages by fastening to a beverage container. The present invention is preferably a magnetic fastener constructed and arranged to be attached to the neck of a wine bottle. The magnetic fastener comprises two semi-cylindrical halves, a spring mechanism connecting the semi-cylindrical halves and a plurality of magnets. Each semi-cylindrical half may preferably have a fastening end and a grasping end, wherein each fastening end may contain three columns of magnets which may preferably be substantially evenly spaced in the fastening end of the semi-cylindrical half. The magnets may preferably be aligned so that the polarity runs through the device, wherein the north pole is located at one end and south pole is located at the other end.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method and apparatus of treating wine to improve the wine's taste. This is accomplished by treating the wine with a magnetic field formed by one or more magnets, preferably at least two magnets. These magnets are positioned with one magnet at the base of a container that is holding the wine and another magnet at the top of the container.

Abstract: The present invention provides a water activating apparatus having a relatively simple structure without the possibility of water leakage and achieving highly efficient activation. An N pole of the permanent magnet and an S pole of the other magnet are vertically arranged above and below a water flow tube so as to be opposed to each other. Concave yokes are formed by molding magnetic metal or magnetic ceramic, with one yoke being attached to encase the N pole of the permanent magnet and the other yoke being attached to encase the S pole of the other permanent magnet. The vertically-arranged concave yokes have a gap therebetween so as not to make a contact at their ends with each other. Furthermore, a non-magnetic conductive metal layer is provided inside the concave yokes. Water is caused to pass through the water flow tube in a direction perpendicular to a direction of magnetic lines of force and a direction of an electromotive current.

Abstract: A water boiler system for producing steam or hot water includes an apparatus for removing dissolved minerals from the boiler water without the use of water softeners or other chemical treatment agents. An electromagnetic flux producing device first treats water of the boiler system with alternating electromagnetic flux to cause nucleation of dissolved minerals in the bulk boiler water, rather than on boiler surfaces, with nucleated particles then accumulating into particulates which settle by gravity to a low area of the boiler. Water is continuously drained from the low area of the boiler and fed by a pump to a mechanical separator which continuously separates solids from the drain water and continuously passes cleansed water at a high temperature back to the boiler.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for recirculating machine tool coolant in which coolant and entrained debris flowing in a shallow stream trough are raised to a higher level by rotation of a bladed wheel in a housing arranged to receive the liquid flow stream. Coolant and debris is then directed down at a magnetized body in a plunging discharge to bring ferrous debris into contact with an upwardly facing surface of the magnetized body. The coolant and nonferrous remaining entrained debris is collected in a tank and pumped back to the filter apparatus by a chopper pump which has a hardened impeller having cutting edges cutting up the remaining debris as it is pumped by the impeller.

Abstract: A magnetic separator includes a chamber 11 having inlets and outlets 12, 13 which together define a flow path 14. Axially extending tubes 15 are disposed in an array around the cross-section of the chamber 11 and the perforated baffle plate 18 divides the chamber 11 into top and bottom components 16, 17. Each tube contains a magnetic shuffle 19, which can be moved up and down the tube between separator and release positions using a pneumatic control system.

Abstract: A method is provided for separating superalloy metal powder from contaminants, such as process-produced contaminants, by enhancing the magnetic properties thereof, such as by oxidizing or leaching of chromium, for example, followed by magnetic separation of the contaminants from the superalloy metal powder to thereby enhance the concentration of the contaminants. Heating conditions or mechanical agitation or both are employed to resist agglomeration of the metal powder before magnetic separation thereof from the contaminants. Certain preferred times and temperatures are disclosed.

Abstract: Separation apparatus and method for separating magnetic and/or magnetically-labeled particles from a test medium. Test medium within a reaction chamber is caused to flow past a collecting surface, and a high-gradient magnetic field is applied to the surface to capture magnetically responsive particles in the test medium. The particles are deflected toward the collection surface by baffles, a spinner, or a sprayer, or are funneled past the surface by a plunger operable to be displaced into close proximity to the surface to provide a narrow flow path for the particle-laden test medium. The particles normally suspended in the medium are separated out of suspension by adhesion to the collection surface. The particles may be resuspended by removal of the surface from the high-gradient field, or removal of the high-gradient field from the surface. The collection surface is a thin-walled non-magnetic material having a plurality of magnetic pole faces positioned therearound.

Abstract: Method and device for magnetic detection of binding of biological molecules on a biochip in which a magnetoresistive sensor device measures an areal density of magnetic nanoparticles on a micro-array, the magnetic nanoparticles being directly or indirectly coupled to a target sample. The magnetoresistive sensor device includes a substrate having attached thereto binding sites able to selectively bind the target sample, and a magnetoresistive sensor for detecting the magnetic field of the nanoparticles coupled to the target sample. The magnetoresistive sensor includes a plurality of magnetoresistive sensing elements, the width and length dimensions of which are at least a factor 10 or more, preferably a factor 100 or more larger than the diameter of the nanoparticles.

Abstract: A free radical solution producing apparatus, which comprises: a feed port (6) in which water is drawn, a dechlorination processing section (1) which produces first water by decomposing chlorine compounds in said water, a magnetic processing section (2) which produces second water by carrying out a process that applies a magnetic field to said first water, a radiation processing section (3) which produces third water by carrying out a process that irradiates a radiation to said second water, an ion exchange section (4) which produces fourth water by carrying out a process that performs an ion exchange for said third water, an electric field applying section (5) which produces fifth water by carrying out a process that applies a strong electric field to said fourth water, and a fifth water intake (7-5) from which said fifth water is obtained, produces water which has the effects of sterilizing and disinfection, and strong cleansing power.

Abstract: A high-performance liquid magnetizer including a powerful magnet and a fluid sink. A spiral fluid guide being disposed in the fluid sink. A first opening disposed at the center of the sink and a second opening on one side of the fluid guide. The liquid flowing through the first opening into the fluid guide towards the second opening. The spiral sink extending the magnetization time for the fluid while the revolving direction of the liquid help improve the magnetism field effects.

Abstract: This invention is applied to any ionized solution of dissolved solids and electrolytes, such as sea water, which is forced through a conduit equipped with a magnetic wall of rectangular cross-section, which induces a magnetic field, where ions separate when passing through according to magneto-hydrodynamic physics. The conduit is made up of one continuous magnetic wall, a spiral or similar, with opposite magnetic poles on each side, where these both sides co-operate to extend magnetic fields with parallell wall in the same direction through the whole conduit. The ionized solution is pumped into the center of the spiral and further out through the spiral or similar. The charged ions in the flow stream are deflected laterally towards the open ends and as separated positive or negative ions into chambers outside the conduit.

Abstract: A removable particle collector for an apparatus which separates metal particles from lubricating oil. A valve assembly has a bore that provides a passage into the reservoir from outside. A valve element is normally biased against a valve seat to close the bore. A plug has a stem which when inserted into the valve assembly bore forces the valve element away from the valve seat. A portion of the stem is magnetized to attract ferromagnetic particles in the reservoir. A plurality of balls rotatably project from a surface on either the valve assembly or the plug and are received in a plurality of locking grooves in the other of the valve assembly and the plug to secure those components together. The balls are lubricated by fluid from the reservoir and can rotate to reduce wear which could loosen the components.

Abstract: A magnetic filter system for filtering metallic particles from a fluid is mounted inside a fluid vessel in a mechanical system, and includes a first magnetic layer and a second fibrous layer adjacent to and overlaying the magnetic layer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a concentration device using magnetic particles and a method therefor aimed at performing concentration of a large volume of liquid efficiently and reliably with a simple structure and on a small device scale. The construction involves having: a liquid suction passage in which liquid can pass through only in a suction direction; a liquid discharge passage in which liquid can pass through only in a discharge direction; a magnetic force device which can exert a magnetic field from outside of the liquid passage on at least one liquid passage thereof or remove the magnetic field, and which can separate magnetic particles having directly or indirectly captured a target substance suspended in the liquid by having the magnetic particles adhere to the inner wall of the liquid passage; a storage section communicated with each liquid passage, for storing the sucked liquid; and a pressure adjustment device for sucking and discharging the liquid by adjusting the pressure in the storage section.

Abstract: A magnetic-energy-releasing molecular rearranging structure includes an amount of magnetic powder, which is molded into a magnetic member in the form of a ball, a mass, or a flat piece, and having magnetic-energy-releasing molecules, so that the member has magnetic lines that together with earth poles produce a radiated magnetic field. Superficial molecules of a solid body and a liquid, or air molecules in a limited space may be magnetized and rearranged using the magnetic-energy-releasing member, and molecules of a substance that is to be magnetized may be magnetized and rearranged through magnetic energy transmission from the magnetized molecules of the solid body, the liquid, or the air in the limited space to the substance.

Abstract: A flow pipe and one or more permanent magnets placed in or on the flow pipe, each permanent magnet presenting at its axial ends an infinite divergence of the magnetic field it generates. Fluid is treated by flowing through a flow pipe equipped with at least one such permanent magnet. The permanent magnet can be made of a plastic coextrudate with a ferromagnetic material such as iron powder, iron dust or iron chips. The permanent magnets can be arranged in groups with flow turbulence initiators positioned within the flow pipe between the magnet groups.

Abstract: This practical new type deals with water treatment technology. It is applied to the field of human health care and to the water supply system for living beings that depend on water. Its features are: Thermostat Sleeve 2 is installed between Outer Casing 1 and Inner Flask 6. Along the circumference of Thermostat Sleeve 2, a number of rectangular slots are made perpendicular to the circumferential plane. Permanent Magnet 5 and Magnetic Conductor 4 are installed in the rectangular slots of Thermostat Sleeve 2. Electric Motor 9 is mounted on Outer Cover Base 18. Mounted on the shaft of Electric Motor 9, there is Worm 19 and Worm Gear with Shaft 20; Stirrer 22 is installed on Worm Gear with Shaft 20. The advantages of this device include the fresh structure and the evident effect: Drinking the active water in hospitals resulted in a total effective rate 100%, and applying to plant growing increased the production by 40˜103%.

Abstract: The present invention relates to magnetic, polymeric polyvinylalcohol-based carrier materials. The surface of said materials is at least partially silanised. The invention also relates to a method for silanising the surface of such materials and to the use of the magnetic, silanised carrier materials for isolating biological material, preferably nucleic acids.

Abstract: The method for separating ferrate salts from a solution comprising providing contact between the solution of essentially of aqueous hydroxide and the ferrate salts and a surface having a magnetic attraction, magnetically securing the ferrate salts to the surface; and eliminating contact between the solution and the surface. Contact is provided by immersing the surface in the solution, passing the liquid ferrate mixture over the surface, or combinations thereof. The magnetic attraction may be induced by permanent magnets, electromagnets, and combinations thereof. The apparatus for ferrate production comprises an electrochemical cell having an iron-containing anode, cathode, and an aqueous hydroxide solution in fluid communication with both the anode and the cathode, and a magnetic separator in fluid communication with the aqueous hydroxide solution for separating ferrate salts from the aqueous hydroxide solution.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for separating out a substance dispersed or dissolved in a first liquid by using the following steps: a) adding magnetizable particles to the first liquid, so that the substance is adsorbed on the particles; b) immersing a rod consisting of a soft magnetic material into the first liquid; c) magnetizing the rod along its longitudinal axis with an exciter coil, thus causing the particles with the adsorbed substance to be deposited on the rod; d) pulling the rod with thereon deposited particles from the first liquid while the rod is still magnetized; e) immersing the rod into a second liquid; f) turning off the exciter coil and washing off the particles deposited on the rod in the second liquid. Also proposed is a magnet separator for realizing the method.

Abstract: A band gap mass filter for separating particles of mass (M1) from particles of mass (M2) in a multi-species plasma includes a chamber defining an axis. Coils around the chamber generate an axially aligned magnetic field defined (B=B0+B1 sin ?t), with an antenna generating the sinusoidal component (B1 sin ?t) to induce an azimuthal electric field (E?) in the chamber. The resultant crossed electric and magnetic fields place particles M2 on unconfined orbits for collection inside the chamber, and pass the particles M1 through said chamber for separation from the particles M2. Unconfined orbits for particles M2 are determined according to an ?-? plot ( ? = ? 0 2 + ? 1 2 / 2 4 ? ? 2 , and ? ? ? ? = ? 0 ? ? 1 8 ? ? 2 ) , where ?0 is the cyclotron frequency for particles with mass/charge ratio M, and wherein ?0=B0/M and ?1=B1/M.

Abstract: A purifier with molecular-rearranging device mainly includes a hollow tubular holder, a tubular molecular-rearranging device positioned in the tubular holder, a tubular isolating layer positioned in a bore of the tubular molecular-rearranging device, and two caps respectively having a through hole closed to two ends of the tubular holder. The purifier may be put around an exhaust pipe or a pipe for transferring liquid, so that a radiated magnetic field is produced by magnetic lines of the molecular-rearranging device and earth poles to magnetize and rearrange molecules of exhaust or liquid flown through the pipe, making the exhaust or liquid filtered and purified to reduce air and water pollution.

Abstract: A fluid magnetization straw includes a hollow tube adapted as an outer tube, and at least one magnetizing member. A magnetizing member retaining end and a tube joint are configured at a minimum of one extremity of the outer tube, thereby containing the magnetizing members within the outer tube, facilitating dismantling for cleaning, and connective linkage with other application facilities and devices. At least one magnetic core structured to include a permanent magnet is configured within each of the magnetizing members. Moreover, an annular channel is formed between the magnetizing members and an inner wall of the outer tube thereof. Because of a special assemblage of the permanent magnets of the magnetic core within the magnetizing members, lines of magnetic force from such approach an inner wall in a tangential fashion through a fluid of an annular channel, thereby realizing a good fluid magnetization and ionization effect.

Abstract: Disclosed is a removal unit for removing metallic alien materials, which is adapted to remove metallic alien materials such as metal fragments contained in powder or liquid raw materials. The removal unit includes an outer plate, an inner plate spaced apart from the outer plate, and magnet members coupled between the inner and outer plates. Each magnet member includes a cylindrical stainless steel rod, a magnet received in the stainless steel rod to extend from one end of the stainless steel rod to at least an intermediate portion of the stainless steel rod, a non-magnetic piece received in the other end of the stainless steel rod and coupled to the outer plate, and a fluorine resin coating formed over an outer peripheral surface of the stainless steel rod. A removal member is arranged to be slidable in a longitudinal direction along the magnet members while being in contact with the outer peripheral surfaces of the magnet members.

Abstract: A separation procedure for separating a selected desired or undesired population from a biological sample utilizing relatively heavy, dense particles and gravity sedimentation. The particles have one or more reactants bound thereto which are specific to and will bind with the selected population. The particles preferably are mixed with the sample by repeatedly causing the particles to settle through a substantial portion of the sample to bind to the selected population. The particles with the bound selected population then are allowed to preferentially settle in the sample and the supernatant including an enriched population is separated from the particles with the selected population bound thereto. The enriched populations in the biological sample supernatant can be further enriched by multiple removal steps.

Abstract: The magnetic separator has a tank with a pair of dual conveyor chains, spaced apart, at opposite sides of the tank. A plurality of frames with spaced apart magnetic rods are suspended from the conveyor chains in a manner allowing the frames to swivel and always hang vertically as the chains traverse their endless path. The liquid in the tank flows through the frames and ferrous particles are attracted to the magnetic rods. The rods are cleaned and the ferrous particles removed at a wiping station. Each frame has a scraping edge which contacts the bottom of the tank and drags out the non-magnetic particulate which has separated from the liquid.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods for separating, immobilizing, and quantifying biological substances from within a fluid medium. Biological substances are observed by employing a vessel (6) having a chamber therein, the vessel comprising a transparent collection wall (5). A high internal gradient magnetic capture structure may be on the transparent collection wall (5), magnets (3) create an externally-applied force for transporting magnetically responsive material toward the transparent collection wall (5). The magnetic capture structure comprises a plurality of ferromagnetic members and has a uniform or non-uniform spacing between adjacent members. There may be electrical conductor means supported on the transparent collection wall (5) for enabling electrical manipulation of the biological substances. The chamber has one compartment or a plurality of compartments with differing heights. The chamber may include a porous wall.

Abstract: The present invention provides a fuel treatment apparatus for magnetically treating fuel flowing through a fuel conduit. The fuel treatment apparatus essentially comprises an upper magnet assembly, a lower magnet assembly, and a fastening assembly. The magnet assemblies each comprise a magnet positioning cradle, a magnet, and a magnet cover plate. Each cradle comprises a pair of seat flanges upon which the magnets seat. The cover plates maintain the magnets in seated engagement within the cradles and a uniform magnetic field is directed orthogonal to the planes in which the seat flanges lie. Each cradle further comprises a conduit-receiving groove. When the magnet assemblies are fastened to one another via the fastening assembly, the conduit-receiving grooves cooperatively form conduit-receiving apertures. The typically linear fuel conduit is receivable through the conduit-receiving apertures and thus the fuel treatment apparatus is designed to magnetically treat fuel flowing through the fuel conduit.

Abstract: A skimmer for removing oil and paramagnetic chips from a contaminated body of machine tool coolant. The skimmer includes a frame and an endless tube partially trained within the frame that defines a travel path. The path of the tube includes a first section within the body of coolant and a second section out of the body of coolant. The skimmer further includes a magnet disposed within the tube, a drive system mounted to the frame and operatively coupled to the tube to power travel of the tube, and a wiper connected to the frame at a position along the travel path. The wiper is advantageously positioned adjacent to the tube such that the wiper removes oil and metal chips carried by the tube. A receptacle is includes that delineates a collection space positioned below the wiper to receive oil and metal chips.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for water softening utilising magnetic pulses is provided. The magnetic pulses are presented to a volume of water within a water conduit 6 or water container over a predetermined time period with a relaxation time period between successive predetermined time periods of action upon the volume of water. The magnetic pulses are in the range 1.6 to 6.8 KHz and generally presented in a manner whereby the frequency is ramped in discrete frequency shifts over fixed time periods through the predetermined time period in order to facilitate greater water softening action. Normally, each frequency harmonic is initiated by an initiation spike of enhanced magnetic strength.

Abstract: Artificial liver devices and methods for using the devices to purify a biological fluid are disclosed. The methods include the use of living hepatocytes (23) which are either unattached or attached to inert carriers and suspended in a cell culture medium which circulates in the devices with the hepatocytes (23). Blood or plasma passes on one side (7?) of semi-permeable membranes, on the other side (7) of which is the cell culture medium and across which is a concentration and/or pressure gradient. Solutes diffusing across the membrane into the cell culture medium are metabolized by the hepatocytes (23) and/or captured by additional removal means (4). Those undesirable substances which do not diffuse out of the blood or plasma into the hepatocyte containing culture medium are captured by additional removal means (50).