Abstract: A hemopurification apparatus includes a porous membrane permeable to gas but impermeable to liquid and dividing a container into two mutually-isolated compartments. The apparatus is adapted to remove water from blood by causing the blood to flow through one of the compartments and a fluid, the water vapor pressure of which is lower than that of the blood, to flow through the other compartment, whereby a portion of the water in the blood is allowed to pass as water vapor through the porous membrane.

Abstract: A cleaning system for a swimming pool which includes a mobile cleaning unit and/or stationary cleaning heads. Manual and automatic modes are included. The system is suitable for both gunnite and polymer liner pools, spas and the like. No energy is required other than that normally required for circulation of water through the conventional filtration apparatus.

Abstract: Polymer filtration apparatus comprising a body having a pair of upstream passages each terminating at a slide channel and a pair of downstream passages respectively opposing the upstream passages, and a slide member in the channel having apertures for a pair of replaceable filters each normally communicating between an upstream passage and a downstream passage. The extents of the channel surfaces between the pairs of passages and between each passage and the exterior of the body, and the extents of the filter apertures on the slide member are related so that one filter remains active when the slide member is in position for replacing the other filter. After a filter has been replaced the new filter may be prefiled without pressure loss in the polymer or excessive leakage thereof.

Abstract: An oil filter attaches to an internal combustion engine and filters the oil that is circulated through the engine. The filter includes a first can and a second can that may be attached together or separated apart. The first can attaches to the engine, and it has a first inlet and a first outlet for receiving oil from and transmitting oil to the engine. It also has a second inlet and a second outlet for receiving oil from and transmitting oil to the second can. The second can sealably attaches and detaches from the first can and, when attached, the second outlet of the first can is connected to an inlet of the second can, and an outlet of the second can is sealably connected to the second inlet of the first can. Filters are disposed within the two cans and flow directing apparatus is provided to direct the oil from the engine, through the two filters in series and back to the engine. In alternate embodiments, the cans include removable lids so that the filter element may be removed from a can.

Abstract: A cardiopulmonary system is disclosed which is intended for oxygenation of a patient's blood during heart surgery in which the patient's own lungs are used for such oxygenation. The cardiopulmonary system includes use of a blood reservoir which includes at least two chambers, one for venous blood collected from the patient's heart or a major vein and one for arterial blood, and include filters for filtering both the venous and arterial blood as they enter the respective chambers.

Abstract: A distinct element employed in a preferred embodiment of the invention resides in a two-compartment filter unit that extends operating life by permitting the function of the first compartment filtration to be transferred to the other compartment when the first compartment is clogged.

Abstract: A method for treating circulatory fluid constituents with an apparatus which includes a first switching device which connects the upstream side of a first circulatory fluid treatment device with a flow of circulatory fluid from a source, and a second switching device which connects the downstream side of the first circulatory fluid treatment device with a destination of the circulatory fluid.

Abstract: An oil filter attaches to an internal combustion engine and filters the oil that is circulated through the engine. The filter includes a first can and a second can that may be attached together or separated apart. The first can attaches to the engine, and it has a first inlet and a first outlet for receiving oil from and transmitting oil to the engine. It also has a second inlet and a second outlet for receiving oil from and transmitting oil to the second can. The second can sealably attaches and detaches from the first can and, when attached, the second outlet of the first can is connected to an inlet of the second can, and an outlet of the second can is sealably connected to the second inlet of the first can. Filters are disposed within the two cans and flow directing apparatus is provided to direct the oil from the engine, through the two filters in series and back to the engine.

Abstract: A method of reducing the effects of fluctuating fluid pressure differential between the inlet and the outlet of a filtering unit operating in a system for filtering metal contaminants from a lubricating coolant and for recycling a constant volume flow of filtered lubricating coolant to a workpiece to be subsequently machined by pumping metal-contaminated lubricating coolant from a holding vessel to a filtering unit-modulator valve combination, monitoring the pressure or flow rate of filtered lubricating coolant downstream of the filtering unit-modulator valve combination, and operating the modulator valve in response to any changes in the downstream monitored flow parameter so as to maintain a predetermined constant fluid pressure differential across the filtering unit-modulator valve combination, thus compensating for fluctuations across the filtering unit during filtering operation, resulting in the maintenance of constant head pressure at the outlet of the pump, as well as for maintenance of a constant vol

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a duplex filter apparatus which provides for a first primary filter path and a second path for secondary filtration. The first path includes a shutoff valve on one side of the primary filter and a check valve on the downstream side. The second path includes a regulating bypass valve on the upstream side of the secondary filter and a check valve on the downstream side. The regulating bypass valve gradually shifts fluid flow from the first path to the second path when differential pressure across the primary filter increases beyond a predetermined level. A reservoir return bypass valve directs fluid flow gradually from the secondary filter when differential pressure across the secondary filter increases beyond a predetermined level. Bleed valves are provided to relieve pressure on filter elements when the filter elements are isolated so that servicing may occur.

Abstract: A strainer for trapping solid particles entrained in a fluid flowing through the strainer includes a two-chambered housing, each chamber containing a removable strainer basket. The strainer also includes a plurality of valve mechanisms for routing fluid flow through the two chambers in a predetermined manner. A user actuated directional flow control valve includes a multi-ported ball member rotatably supported by and between a pair of opposed valve seat plates, each associated with a respective one of the chambers wherein rotation of the ball directs fluid flow through it into one or the other or both of the chambers. An optional seal member, engageable with the ball, acts at a predetermined position of the ball member to block inlet fluid flow through any of the ports in the ball member thereby providing a shut off condition. A pair of spring biased, normally closed, check valves are used to automatically control the flow of strained fluid out of the strainer chambers.

Abstract: The present invention related to a filter consisting of a stack 4 of elements 5 comprising one cylindrical side and each element consisting of several isolated sections 23-24 and provided with orifices 35 for communication of its sections with the circumferences of the element and with a rotary distribution valve 37 mounted to rotate coaxially with the cylindrical side and comprising a chamber 22a for the isolation of a first section 23 from any element of the other sections, communicating with this first section through a port of the distribution valve.The form of the port 22a and the layout of the orifices 35 are such that the first sections 23 of only one part of the elements are in communication with the chamber 22a.One application is the manufacture of a filter of small size and high efficiency.

Abstract: A filter apparatus including a plurality of demountable filter cartridges which each include a replacement filter element. The cartridges are mounted in the upper portion of a bi-level partition that extends across a tank having an inlet below the partition and an outlet above the lower portion of the partition at a height to be bisected by the upper surface of the upper portion of the partition. A plurality of filter apertures through the partition each receive a cartridge and each cartridge is held in place via studs that screw into the partition and received in channels formed in a header portion of the cartridge so that the cartridge can be inserted into an aperture and turned to engage the shanks of the studs with the channels in the cartridge header.

Abstract: In a suction-type filter machine, a plurality of filter leaves each haing a core panel of egg-crate type walls defining transverse passageways through said panel and openings through said walls to provide vertical, horizontal and longitudinal passageways for filtrate flow drawn by a suction pump through the filter medium enwrapping the core panel and a conduit conductor enclosing an edge portion of the core panel.

Abstract: A process for fractionating a suspension of solid particles in a liquid, of he type wherein said suspension is made to pass through a filtering screen, characterized in that said suspension is directed in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis of an elastically deforming, flexible, perforated sleeve forming a filtering screen, and in that a sequence of high and low pressures is continuously created within this sleeve and travels at least predominantly opposite the direction of the suspension flow. The invention also applies to equipment.

Abstract: A polymer filtration system comprises plural passages each having therein a filter selectively removable for cleaning and replacement. A single valve controls the closing off of the passages from an inlet to the filters, and check valves in each of the passages downstream of the filters prevent backflow. By adapting the system to permit simultaneous flow in plural passages between filter changes, the filters may be changed in staggered sequence at intervals chosen to attain optimum system performance.

Abstract: There is described a pressurized filtration system for removing suspended solids from a liquid which comprises two enclosed filter vessels each containing either a removable filter bag or cartridge. The vessels are located in parallel in the circulation line of a pump which pumps the liquid from a bulk storage vessel through only one filter vessel at a time, this being controlled by a valve system in the circulation line to the filter vessels. Liquid forced through the filter vessel in use is pumped to a liquid storage vessel via a non-return valve located in the outlet line from each vessel, the outlet from each vessel having a branch connection to a shuttle valve, the outlet from which is connected via a non-return valve to the suction side of the pump, whereby when liquid is being pumped through one vessel the shuttle valve is shut against the flow of liquid therethrough but is open on the other side so that the liquid can be sucked out of the other vessel.

Abstract: A device for selective channeling flow of either one or two fluids to at least one flowthrough element, particularly for the flushing out of a filter having at least one hollow cylindrical filter element in a housing which has two connection holes for the input and discharge of the fluid, and a hollow rotary valve connected with the flowthrough element and with a secondary discharge. A mouthpiece is urged by a spring into connection with the flowthrough element. The rotary valve and each of the flowthrough elements has its own housing part. The mouthpiece of the rotary slide valve can be selectively brought into connection with one of the element connections.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for removing dissolved solids from a liquid which utilizes the technique of reverse osmosis (RO). The liquid to be treated is directed into a pressure vessel which contains a plurality of filter elements positioned therein. The filter elements have hollow RO fibers wound around foraminous center cores such that the liquid flows in a direction from the outside of the filter elements towards the center cores. The pure permeate liquid passes into the center bores of the fibers and the concentrate liquid passes into the center cores of the elements.The method and apparatus provide for the backwashing of the filter elements when they become fouled. Further, an outer filter septum may be applied around the hollow RO fibers of the elements to remove particulate matter which would otherwise foul the hollow RO fibers.

Abstract: A duplex cam-operated pressure-balanced sleeve valve is provided for controlling fluid flow into either one or both of two fluid lines, such as to either one or both of two filter elements, comprising, in combination;(1) a valve housing;(2) first and second valve chambers in the housing in alignment with a cam chamber therebetween;(3) first, second, and third fluid flow ports in the housing communicating with the first valve chamber, and fourth, fifth, and sixth fluid flow ports in the housing communicating with the second valve chamber;(4) a first reciprocable sleeve valve member in the first valve chamber, axially movable within the first valve chamber between positions controlling flow from the first fluid port to one or both of the second and third fluid flow ports;(5) a second reciprocable sleeve valve member, preferably coaxial with the first sleeve valve member, in the second valve chamber axially movable within the second valve chamber with the first sleeve valve member between positions controlling f

Abstract: A sludge de-watering plant has a plurality of filter presses connected in parallel with at least two low-pressure pumps delivering a high rate of sludge for rapid filling of the presses and at least two high-pressure pumps substantially effecting the filtration. A particular pipe system is associated with each of the low-pressure and high-pressure pumps with the pipe systems being connected to the individual filter presses for mutually independent delivery. Control means mutually controls the pumps in the two pipe systems independently by the relevant pressure in the pipe systems.

Abstract: A filter assembly having an extruded filter head. The extruded filter head is composed of a generally flat base and a domed upper section which is connected to the side edge of the base. A central wall extends between the base and the upper section and defines longitudinally extending inlet and outlet chambers, each of which has a uniform cross section throughout its length. Fluid to be filtered is introduced into the inlet chamber and is withdrawn from the outlet chamber. One or more filters are mounted on the underside of the base. Each filter is provided with an inlet opening which is connected through a port in the base to the inlet chamber and is also provided with an outlet opening which is connected through a second port in the base to the outlet chamber. The extruded construction provides improved mechanical strength for the head, and substantially reduced porosity as compared to a cast head.

Abstract: A pressure-balanced three-way transfer valve for controlling fluid flow into one of two fluid lines includes a pair of cam actuated valves actuated by a single actuator to move a respective valve to an open and closed position. Pressure balancing of the valve rods is accomplished by a fluid passage through each of the respective rods to allow lower pressure to a respective balancing chamber. The valves further include respective balancing surfaces.

Abstract: A flush-back filter which is compact in size, simple to mount, maintain and clean. The filter consists of two side by side filter chambers, a rotary valve arranged in a housing underneath, and a piston valve slidable in the rotary valve for controlling the flow of fluid to and from the filter chambers and the discharge of any filtered out sludges.

Abstract: A selector valve for providing a choice of one of two vaporizers for use in administering an anesthetic to a patient is disclosed in connection with a manifold for receiving the vaporizers.The selector valve has three positions, wherein the user can utilize one of two vaporizers or place the valve in an off position when neither vaporizer is in the circuit providing a flow of gas to the patient.One of the features comprises a positive position means where the selector valve cannot inadvertently be placed in any position intermediate any two of the three positions so that only one of the three defined positions may be selected. Also, in the off position, leakage is prevented into the gas stream to the patient of anesthetic vapors from either of the vaporizers mounted to the manifold by closing both the inlet to and the outlet from both such vaporizers.

Abstract: The apparatus comprises a hollow casing in the form of a solid of revolution having an inlet and an outlet, a spinner for imparting rotary motion within the casing to a fluid being purified, and a hollow filter element closed at one end, positioned coaxially within the casing and snugly fit with the open end in the outlet of the casing. The apparatus also includes a discharge connection piece for removal of the impurities that have been separated from the fluid being purified. The spinner is positioned at the inlet, and the discharge connection piece is attached to the lower portion of the casing. The filter element and the casing define a space tapering from the inlet toward the outlet, and the filter element being a frame with a covering having a water-repellent polymeric foam material applied thereto.

Abstract: An interlock is disclosed for permitting only one of a plurality of interrelated valve elements to be operated at one time. A transverse channel is formed in each valve element for alignment with a channel formed in the valve housing when the valve elements are moved to their respective opened positions. When any one valve element is moved to its closed position, camming surfaces formed on the valve element are positioned and shaped to cause a train of end abutting links disposed within the valve and housing channels to be displaced in a manner to lock the remaining valves in their respective open positions. The valve channels and camming surfaces are formed by very simple and inexpensive linear cutting operations thereby allowing the disclosed device to be inexpensively manufactured.

Abstract: An illustrative embodiment of the invention provides an electromagnetic filter for fluids in which two magnetizable beds are longitudinally separated. Each of these beds is provided with its own respective magnetizing coil. Incoming fluid is admitted to the space between the magnetizable beds. This flow is divided into two longitudinal oppositely directed streams in order to enable each stream to pass through its respective bed.

Abstract: A fuel system is provided with two filters between the L.P. pump and the H.P. pump, both of which are used (in parallel) when the temperature of the L.P. fuel is above 0.degree. C. When the temperature of the fuel drops below 0.degree. C., all the L.P. fuel is passed through the first filter, and a small supply of warm H.P. fuel is passed through the second filter. Ice collects in the first filter until a predetermined pressure drop across it causes all the L.P. fuel flow to be switched to the second filter. The first filter is then de-iced by a small supply of warm H.P. fuel. This cycle is repeated continuously while the temperature of the L.P. fuel is below 0.degree. C.

Abstract: A filter assembly utilizing a plurality of stackable filter head units which permit parallel flow through filter elements mounted within filter bowls, there being one filter element and filter bowl mounted on each of the stackable filter head units. An improved filter head construction is employed which permits a plurality of substantially identical filter head units to be mounted adjacent each other to provide the desired flow capacity, each of the filter head units being so designed that it can be readily manufactured.

Abstract: A filtration device for filtering of temperature controlled process liquids, as for example, liquid hot melts. The filtration device includes an outer housing with a sleeve disposed within and spaced from the side wall of the housing to form a temperature regulating fluid chamber therebetween. An elongate member with a groove or channel formed therein extends between the sleeve and the housing side wall. A filter assembly having an outer casing may be removably disposed within a filter chamber formed by the sleeve. In this case, the filter casing would have a fitting extending from the casing and through the elongate groove to a process liquid inlet pipe connected to the housing side wall. Releasable bolts operatively engage the filter casing to permit holding of the casing in the filter chamber. Another fitting extends from the casing and through the elongate groove to a process liquid outlet pipe connected to the housing side wall.

Abstract: A filter thermal bypass valve has an opening defining a seat, a thermal actuator including a plunger capable of being forced toward the seat in response to increases in temperature, a spring retainer capable of movement toward and away from the seat, a rod member affixed to the spring retainer and having an enlarged head portion with a valve plate slidable thereon, a first compression spring forces the retainer in contact with the plunger and a second compression spring urges the valve plate against the seat.

Abstract: A sodium storage and injection system for delivering atomized liquid sodium to a chemical reactor employed in the production of solar grade silicon. The system is adapted to accommodate start-up, shut-down, normal and emergency operations and is characterized by a jacketed injection nozzle adapted to atomize liquefied sodium and a supply circuit connected to the nozzle for delivering thereto liquefied sodium comprising a plurality of replaceable sodium containment vessels, a pump interposed between the vessels and the nozzle, and a pressurizing circuit including a source of inert gas connected with the vessels for maintaining the sodium under pressure.

Abstract: A six-way deviator valve for liquids, of the type comprising two three-way valves in the same housing separated by a dividing baffle, each of the three-way valves possessing one permanently open nozzle for connection to a main pipe, and two internally closable nozzles for connection to secondary pipes, the two closable nozzles being closed by a suitable obturator element, is described. Each of the two obturator elements comprises faces mounted on support elements and arranged to rest on corresponding seats formed on the internal extremities of the two closable nozzles, the obturator element also being rotatable about a fixed axis of rotation and rotated by a rotating drive spindle located inside said housing, the drive spindle being rotated by external means by way of linkages.

Abstract: For on-site, continuous, bulk water purification, a dual-monitored, two-pass system employs two successive banks of mixed-bed, strong-based resin cylinders. Raw water first flows down through a bank of primary cylinders in parallel. The outlets of the primary cylinders are connected in parallel via an overhead carry-over pipe to a smaller bank of polisher cylinders whose outlets are connected in parallel via a final filter to a discharge outlet. Probes monitoring the concentration of impurities are located in the carry-over pipe and following the final filter. The efficient arrangement of cylinders in a van allows easy replacement of exhausted cylinders without interrupting water treatment.

Abstract: The peripheral surface of a coil of a filter web wound about a hollow shaft is covered by a liquid impervious flexible coating, and the outer periphery of a first end of the coil is secured to a supporting disc so that when liquid to be filtered is caused to pass through the coil in the axial direction thereof, the convolutions of the coil near a second end expand radially outwardly to trap contaminants in the spiral gap. Purified liquid collected at the first end of the coil is discharged through the hollow shaft. The filter unit is constructed such that a number of units can be readily connected in series.

Abstract: The invention relates to a duplex basket strainerarrangement. Such arrangements include an outer casing having a first basket strainer receptacle at one end thereof, a second basket strainer receptacle at the other end thereof, a center plug receptacle having an inner wall surface and being disposed between the first and second receptacles, inlet means disposed in one side wall of the casing for permitting entry of a fluid into the casing, and outlet means in the other side wall of the casing for permitting exit of the fluid from the casing and a center plug disposed in the center plug receptacle. In accordance with the invention, the center plug comprises an elongated member, circular in cross-section, having an inflow stage and an outflow stage, and resilient means disposed around the periphery of the elongated member between said inflow and the outflow stages.

Abstract: A dual oil filter automatic switching system incorporating two oil filters and a switching oil valve and an oil pump, all connected together. The system also includes electric means incorporating a differential pressure switch and a latching relay, and an electric signal and an electrically-operative temperature switch are also disclosed. The oil valve is electrically responsive to the electric switching, and the valve directs the oil to either or both of the filters.

Abstract: A hydraulic system having a plurality of motor driven pumps in parallel legs, at least one being active and one in reserve, so combined with sensors to sense pump efficiency and filter efficiency that a condition deemed pump failure or filter failure results in activating the reserve leg and deactivating the inefficient leg. Other sensors detect flow meter failure and establish warnings of conditions deemed near-failure. The system may be duplicated both on the pressure side and return side of the pumps. The system reservoir is characterized by a tank for return fluid to be cleaned and a separate tank for the fluid to be delivered under pressure; so constructed as to (a) remove turbulence, (b) prevent vortex overlap, (c) remove silt fines and (d) maintain a proper pumping level.

Abstract: A process for liquid-liquid counterflow extraction based on the mixer-separator principle is disclosed. A dispersion of two liquid phases is fed to a separator and the clear phases are withdrawn therefrom. The dispersions to be separated are fed to the separator in two partial steams equal in rate of flow and flow through the separator in mutually opposite directions along respective paths each having a length equal to one-half of the diameter of the separator. Apparatus for carrying out the process includes inlets for the dispersion to be separated positioned at two opposite points of the periphery of the separator and outlets for the separated clear phases lying on the intervening diametral chord. The outlets and inlets can be reversed.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for removing particulate impurities from a fluid stream flowing into a bed of discrete solid elements, such as a bed of catalyst particles. An improved basket design is provided which maximizes the use of the bed and the mesh area of the basket to remove the particulate impurities in such a manner that the cycle life of the bed of catalyst particles or the like is extended.

Abstract: Filter assembly, particularly for handling liquids at elevated temperatures. There is disclosed a filter assembly wherein the headers supplying filter liquid to the filter units and receiving filtrate therefrom are arranged in a first zone, all the filter units are arranged in a second zone, and at least some of the actuators for the backwash controlling valves extend outwardly of and away from both of said zones to avoid the heat associated with said zones. A heat shield may then be positioned between said valve actuators and the rest of the filter assembly, which heat shield may, if desired, be one wall of a heat retaining box enclosing the headers and filter cylinders.

Abstract: A pool filtering system is shown. Dirty water from the pool passes into a stilling or surge chamber under the control of a float valve, then passes through a large particle interceptor screen into a filter element chamber which has a plurality of generally vertically extending filter elements, each having a coarse core covered by an outer layer of sufficiently fine mesh to retain an outer coating of diatomaceous silica, then through the filter elements in parallel to a manifold at the bottom of the tank which leads to the recycling pump and directs the clean water back to the pool. A diatomaceous silica dry slurry feeder is installed above the filter tank. A hypochlorinator is effective in the clean water line going back to the pool. A heat exchanger may be mounted in the stilling chamber, if desired.

Abstract: Changeover valves are provided for a dual filter system which are characterized by auxiliary bypass and vent valving to facilitate changing over from one filter to the other. The bypass valving allows a process fluid to fill the second filter while the first is still in service and without a substantial reduction in process fluid flow or pressure to downstream equipment; and the vent valving permits elimination of air or gases from the second filter before it is put into service.