Abstract: The inner assembly of a tube pressure filter comprises a supporting member or core (6) on which there is a facing assembled from laths (40). Each two adjacent laths (40) define between themselves a duct (42) and an aperture (44). In use, a filter element is provided on the outer surface of the facing. Filtrate passing through the filter element goes through the apertures (44) into the ducts (42) and then flow longitudinally of the inner assembly to a filtrate outlet. After filtration is complete, compressed air may be passed through the ducts (42) and apertures (44) to assist the discharge of filter cake from the filter element.In another embodiment (FIG. 6), a filter plate unit for a plate filter press comprises a recessed filter plate (102) of which the base of the recess is provided with a facing (112) made up, for example, of a plurality of laths (114).

Abstract: A process and apparatus for separating a water emulsion from a hydrocarbon fluid is disclosed. The invention is practiced by conveying the fluids into contact with a metal which has a nickel content greater than seventy-five percent. The invention separates the water from the hydrocarbon fluids and reduces the quantity of paraffin solids which accumulate.

Abstract: A plurality of circular or polygonal dents are formed at land portions on the inlet side surface of a screen plate so that oversize materials enter into the dents and scattered away from the surface of the screen plate and therefore the probability of the screen openings being clogged with oversize materials is decreased.

Abstract: Cellulose strands are produced by causing a growing medium containing Acetobacter xylinum to flow along a straight-line path over a growing surface. Cellulose fibrils produced by the bacteria arrange themselves in strands on the growing surface. These strands can be converted into threads and/or yarns. The cellulose fibrils produced by Acetobacter xylinum can also be converted to microcrystalline cellulose.

Abstract: A metal filter foil has elongated slits forming the filter openings. The slits are arranged in a plurality of groups. In each group the slits are parallel to one another, and the slits of different groups form an angle with one another.

Abstract: A thin and narrow sheet, having an inlet edge and an outlet edge, is formed on one surface, e.g., the top, with a continuous land that is parallel to the inlet edge. The inlet side of the land is coplanar with the inlet edge of the sheet or, alternatively, disposed slightly inwardly relative thereto. Inwardly behind the land the same surface of the sheet is formed with a plurality of channels defined between adjacent pairs of finger lands each of which extends between the outlet edge of the sheet and the inside of the continuous land. On its opposite side the sheet is formed with a like plurality of transverse lands that form fluid passages extending across the full width of the sheet from the inlet to the outlet edges thereof. The bottom surface lands register with the finger lands of the top surface of the sheet. A congruent stack of the sheets is compressively loaded through the lands to define a rigid filter column.

Abstract: A ceramic pouring filter for use in the casting of molten metal comprises a number of closely spaced apertured elements defining filtering cavities there between with their apertures staggered so that the metal flowing out of the apertures of one element passes through a restriction before entering the apertures of the next element.

Abstract: In a static sieve assembly having a housing for mounting a sieve or screen, a feed box having a discharge spout for feeding material tangentially to and across the sieve, a side of the spout having flexibly connected fixed upper and movable lower parts, and an actuator on said feed box and acting on said lower part for controlling the rate of feed to the sieve by varying the area of a discharge opening of the spout.

Abstract: A heat exchanging system for exchanging heat with contaminated water includes a housing having a coaxial tube exchanger assembly with return passages in the housing ends for the outer tubes and return tube bends for the inner tubes. A filter at the inlet of the coaxial tube assembly is formed of a number of passages in parallel with right angle bends defined by parallel fins between a bottom plate and transparent top plate. For cleaning there is a pressure chamber, a fill valve and an air valve intermittently activated. There is also a drain valve and a vacuum release valve. Heat exchanger tube is manufactured by rotatably and axially feeding tubing through a repeating impacting pointed power hammer that forms sharp edge craters on the exterior of the tube and sharp peaks on the interior. An impact tool driven by a powered impact hammer strikes the tubing passing through a tube pathway defined by variable direction rollers. A power drive roller has its axis askew to the axis of the tube.

Abstract: A filter comprises a housing and a filter body including a plurality of grooved filter discs supported in stacked relation on a plurality of rods extending longitudinally of the housing, the rods being supported at their opposite ends by the housing and being disposed in an array around the housing longitudinal axis with spaces between the rods to provide large passageways for the flow of the fluid. The filter further includes a stack--removing member disposed at one end of the filter discs, and a handle to facilitate drawing the filter discs out of the housing, when opened for cleaning purposes, without breaking the stack.

Abstract: A feeder for the production of glass filaments is provided with a mechanical valve means to render the operation dripless or non-dripless as desired. Preferably, the feeder is rendered non-dripless when the restart of filament formation from idle orifices is desired.

Abstract: A multiple-disc filter comprises a stack of filtering discs each formed with grooves extending only partially through the thickness of the disc and configured to define a continuous, non-apertured surface on one face and a plurality of spaced ribs projecting from the opposite faces. The ribs are connected together to define a sinuous configuration and have flat line edges. The stack further includes spacing means between the contacting faces of adjacent discs of the stack, spacing the straight line edges of the sinuous ribs of one disc from the face of the next adjacent disc in the stack, such that the contacting faces of adjacent discs define a first group of recesses between the ribs communicating with the housing inlet, a second group of recesses alternating with the first group of recesses and communicating with the housing outlet, and a plurality of filtering passageways between the straight line edges of the ribs and the opposite face of the next adjacent disc.

Abstract: The filtering column is of the type comprising a perforated hollow metal tubular body (11) around which is disposed a stack (20) of metal rings (27) having deformations forming spacing elements and defining therebetween filtering interstices. The rings (27) have an inside diameter exceeding the outside diameter of the tubular body (11) so as to define between the inner periphery of each ring and the outer periphery of the tubular body a limited radial clearance (26) which does not exceed the elastic limit of each individual ring. The rings (27) constitute a stack (20) retained axially on the hollow body (11) in an undetachable manner with an axial clearance exceeding the aforementioned radial clearance.

Abstract: A feeder for the production of glass filaments is provided with a mechanical valve means to render the operation dripless or non-dripless, as desired. Preferably, the feeder is rendered non-dripless when the restart of filament formation from idle orifices is desired.

Abstract: A vertical drain for dewatering saturated, compressible soils. When stored and delivered the drain has a rectangular cross section and can be rolled on reels, but since the drain can be folded longitudinally the drain, when installed in the soil will expose not less than two sides in angle to each other towards the radial flow of water to the drain.Each side consists of a band-formed core (2) with longitudinal and perpendicular channels (4 and 5) shaped by ridges (3) which are cut on certain distances and surrounded by a filter fabric (1).

Abstract: A perforated structure of expanded material, including at least one solid unstretched strip (4) parallel to the direction of expansion and of a length less than the length of the expanded region. The expanded region is formed with a tool that simultaneously cuts or perforates and expands the material.

Abstract: A multiple-disc filter includes a pressure member located within the filter housing upstream of the discs forming the stack to press the discs tighter together when the fluid flows from the housing inlet to the housing outlet, and to permit the discs to move apart for cleaning the filter when the fluid flows in the reverse direction. Each filter disc is formed with alternating groups of radially-extending slots to define circumferential filtering passageways between the ends of the slots.

Abstract: A strainer assembly is provided for a heat exchanger of the type including at least one heat transfer tube having an inlet end opening outwardly through a tube sheet or tube end plate. The strainer assembly includes an elongated tubular body having first and second end portions and a mid-length outwardly projecting circumferential flange on opposite sides of which the first and second end portions are disposed. The first end portion of the tubular body is open and tightly frictionally telescoped within the inlet end of the heat exchange tube and the second end portion of the body includes an end wall defining spaced apart first openings formed therethrough. The second tubular body end also includes a plurality of circumferentially and longitudinally spaced second openings formed therethrough, the first and second openings being of a predetermined size.

Abstract: A large diameter pipeline strainer has a body with a central chamber and an axially aligned inlet and outlet a lateral opening covered by a removable cover plate to allow removal and replacement of a strainer element mounted in the chamber. The strainer has first and second perforated conical sheet metal walls with an outer wall tapering from the inlet toward the outlet and an inner wall tapering from the outlet back to an apex at the inlet. The strainer is positioned by an annular bead at the inlet sealing against the body at the inlet and fitted within an annular groove formed in both the body and the cover. The strainer is supported at the outlet by a number of radially extending projections which engage the strainer at the point where the inner and outer walls are joined together.

Abstract: An oblong cheese mould (1) having a substantially constant cross-section has in its side wall (3) slits (2) for drainage of whey from the cheese mass received by the cheese mould. According to the invention, the slits (2) extend transversely to the longitudinal direction of the mould, and their width, measured internally in the longitudinal direction of the cheese mould (1), is smaller than the cheese particles in the cheese mass, and the bottom (14) of the slits (2) facing the exterior of the mould is substantially closed, apart from channels (4) for drainage of the whey. This causes the cheese to be movable longitudinally of the mould because of its own weight so that the cheese obtains a very smooth surface, and thus the mould easily releases the cheese.

Abstract: Sorting screen for fibre suspensions comprising a screen wall having recesses on a first side and narrower sorting apertures on the other, second side, these apertures opening into the recesses and the recesses each extending over a plurality of sorting apertures and being spaced in all directions from one another such that the screen wall has a net structure on its first side between the apertures. In order to achieve the utmost fineness when sorting with such a screen the recesses are arranged on the inflow side of the screen wall and the sorting apertures are designed as bores.

Abstract: A liquid filter is disclosed including a filter chamber into which extends a looped endless belt which is passed above and below rollers on either side of the filter chamber. Both the upper and lower belt segments pass over a support plate in the filter chamber, the lower segment positioned directly underneath the upper belt segment. Filtering flow from the filter chamber passes through both belt segments and through spaced and tapered openings in the support plate and then into a collection trough beneath the support plate. The belt is periodically advanced to carry filter solids out of the filter chamber. In a first version, the upper belt segment acts as the filter media, and is wider to create a sealing of the lateral edges of the upper belt segment. In a second version, a disposable media lies atop both belt segments which act only to carry the disposable media and the disposable media is of wider width to establish the edge sealing.

Abstract: A strainer is provided for removing debris from the gas flow in a pipeline. The strainer is designed with a view to minimizing the pressure drop across it. More particularly, the strainer comprises a spherical shell having inlet and outlet means which are connectable into the pipeline. A circular, concave, perforated plate is mounted within the shell and extends transversely across the path of the gas flow. The plate functions to retain debris in the flow. The combination of the spherical shell and the concave provides a relatively large "trapping" area having a relatively large number of perforations. As a result, the pressure drop across the plate is small compared to prior art strainers. In addition, the inlet means is tubular and conical in configuration, so that the entering flow assumes a divergent pattern. This arrangement results in a reduced pressure drop at the inlet and across the plate.

Abstract: A comb filter including a first plurality of generally parallel grooves and a capillary including a second groove connected to the first plurality of grooves are integrally formed in a substrate such as by selective etching a surface of a semiconductor substrate. A cover is affixed to the surface and covers the etched grooves. An input line is connected to the filter and an output line is connected to the capillary. A second comb filter can be included in the output line.

Abstract: A screen plate with grooves is described. The grooves are provided at the bottom with perforations. The direction of the grooves substantially deviates from the flow direction of the pulp to be screened. By different inclination of the side planes of the grooves the turbulance force on the pulp can be varied to meet the different needs of various screening applications.

Abstract: A filter mesh constructed from a plurality of structural members. Each member has a central body portion and a plurality of extensions extending therefrom such that when such sections are assembled together the extensions hold the body members in spaced relation and define a plurality of orifices in the structure. The extensions preferrably extend to one side of the body members and are preferrably shaped such that a contoured surface is effectively formed to one side of the body members, such contoured surface simulating the surface of a woven mesh. A variety of mesh patterns may be duplicated by the appropriate alterations in the placement and conformity of the extensions relative to the body portions of the structural members.

Abstract: A filtering apparatus suitable for being cleaned by backwashing includes an outer housing (11) and an inner filter (13) disposed in the outer housing defining an outer annular flow passage (16) and an inner flow passage (17). The outer housing is tapered in relation to the external shape of the filter to provide a substantially uniform liquid velocity through the filter in both forward flow and backflow directions. The filter is made up of a plurality of ring-like segments (38) stacked end to end on which a filter medium (37) is mounted.

Abstract: An insert for placement between concentric cylindrical filter elements comprises in a one-piece construction a tubular cylindrical body and pairs of parallel slits in the body each forming therebetween a strip of material connected to the remainder of the body at the ends of the strip. The strips are bowed inwardly away from the remainder of the body between their ends to form protrusions extending transversely from the remainder of the body.

Abstract: A foreign objects trap for an automatic washer is provided in the wash liquid flow path just upstream of the pump which has a settling chamber and a separator plate to trap foreign objects. The separator plate has irregularly shaped tubes therethrough which, in conjunction with a closely spaced wall of the trap housing, prevent passage of lighter than water objects. A lower portion of the housing is removable for cleaning and is transparent for visual inspection.

Abstract: A flat sieve, or a part thereof, has a flat body of elastic material with a rectangular (or square) frame spanned by a plate of lesser depth with a multiplicity of throughgoing parallel slots and intervening rows of shorter slots interrupted by solid transverse webs which are integral with crossbars intersecting only the lower portions of the longer, throughgoing slots. The length of the shorter slots may be about one-tenth that of the longer slots.

Abstract: Separatory, e.g., ultrafiltration apparatus including a plurality of semi-permeable membranes and a plurality of ridge ribbed support members therefor, is provided with means for anchoring said membranes to and between successive supports.

Abstract: An improved filtering system that includes a cleaning assembly and a filter element in the form of a plate or drum with a plurality of long, narrow through openings or slits in each of a plurality of rows. The improved cleaning assembly and filter element includes slit cleaning elements connected downstream of the hill and dale filter element or an improved slit cleaning element upstream of the flat surface or drum surface of a filter with upstream connecting slits. The cleaning assembly may also include a scraper cleaning element positioned for relative movement in relationship to the filter element. As fluid enters the filtering system, the debris or trash is filtered from the fluid and deposited on the upstream surface of the filter element and in the slits for removal by the cleaning assembly.

Abstract: A cheese mould having a wall of plastic material, which wall is provided with fine holes and the inner surface of which may be provided with grooves, said inner surface being subjected to a roughening treatment, for instance rubbing with a steel brush, course sand paper, a rasp or a scouring substance, so that small scratches are made, in order to improve the rind forming properties of the mould.

Abstract: A backwashable filter comprises a generally cylindrical housing with an inlet and an outlet, a cylindrical filter basket located within the housing between the inlet and the outlet, and a backwashing arm bearing against the inside face of the filter basket and arranged to rotate about the axis of the filter basket. The filter basket is formed by an inner and outer perforated cage with a filter medium interposed between them. The outer surface of the inner cage is configured to provide channelling between the inner cage and the filter medium to allow liquid to be filtered to contact substantially all of the inner surface of the filter medium. Direct flow of liquid to be filtered from the inside of the inner cage into the backwashing arm along the channelling is prevented by arranging the channelling axially or by arranging the channelling in the circumferential direction and then providing a wide shoe on the backwashing arm.

Abstract: A backwashable filter includes a generally cylindrical housing, an inlet opening into the housing and an outlet opening from the housing, a cylindrical filter basket within the housing and arranged between the inlet and the outlet openings, and a backwashing arm bearing against the inside of the filter basket and being rotatable around the inside face of the filter basket. The filter basket comprises a perforated core a filter medium wrapped around the perforated core and a perforated flexible outer clamping band wrapped around the outside of the filter medium with tensioning means to apply tension to the clamping band to clamp the filter medium tightly against the perforated core. This clamping band constrains the filter medium and so prevents it flexing with rotation of the backwashing arm and this enhances its life.

Abstract: A water recovery system in which drain water from appliances, sinks and bathtubs are conserved in a storage recovery tank for treatment and reuse as a water supply for toilets. The drain water is directed through an outlet to flow over a pivoted grate that is mounted above the top opening of the storage tank, with the grate formed of spaced inverted T-shaped ribs and normally held at an acute angle, such as ten degrees, to the horizontal plane by a spring so that debris retained on the grate is washed diagonally downwards off the top surface of the grate to fall off the lower end of the grate into a debris-collection and tank overflow unit. The drain water, itself, falls between the grate ribs into the storage recovery tank.

Abstract: An insert for placement between concentric cylindrical filter elements comprises in a one-piece construction a tubular cylindrical body and pairs of parallel slits in the body each forming therebetween a strip of material connected to the remainder of the body at the ends of the strip. The strips are bowed inwardly away from the remainder of the body between their ends to form protrusions extending transversely from the remainder of the body.

Abstract: A thin nickel fin cooler is described which has a plurality of precision holes of equal size formed thereon, the fin being tubular in shape so that air can pass from the interior of the fin outwardly to provide uniform gas flow in all directions from the surface of the fin.

Abstract: Apparatus and process settling layer filtration in which the liquid to be filtered is passed through a layer of settling layer particles settled directly upon a self-supporting support member, the support member is a plate or tube, e.g. candle filter tube, perforated by a multitudinous array of holes of circular cross-sectional shape having a diameter at their smallest point in the range of 50-250 microns, and larger than the largest dimension of the larger particles, with a density of 20-400 opening per sq. cm. of member surface area whereby the layer particles form over such circular opening dome-shaped arches exhibiting increased strength and stability during actual filtration. An effective technique for producing such members by means of laser beam drilling is disclosed.

Abstract: A sieve sheet having radially extending separating slots in order to subdivide the area of the sieve sheet into sieve segments. The separating slots are embedded with plastics material. The sieve segments may be arranged in a configuration differing slightly from a plane, thus stiffening the sieve.

Abstract: In apertured panels comprising a plurality of wires (10) having loops (12) at intervals along their lengths and spaced so as to define slit apertures (13) between adjacent wires, the wires being connected together as a panel by tie rods, tubes or the like (11) extending through aligned loops thereof, loop parts of at least some of the wires are secured to a rib member or members extending transversely thereof. The rib member(s) may cooperate seatingly with the loops over at least part of the length of the rib member(s). The rib is preferably a hollow member, for example an inverted V-section channel. Such an arrangement is intended to overcome problems of aligning the rib to the loop in manufacture and also of distortion, specifically bowing, of the rib or/and underlying tie rod.

Abstract: Screen for use in collecting and/or distributing process flow streams has profiled surface wires welded to channel-shaped support members and is preferably made by helically wrapping and welding a profiled surface wire around the elongated channel members which are rotated about the screen axis to produce a cylindrical slotted screen which is then cut along a line parallel to its axis, flattened, and either used flat or rerolled and welded at right angles to its original direction so that the channels form hoop-like supports. The channels are preferably apertured to such an extent that the total open area for an inlet stream flow on the channel side of the screen is less than the open area of the slots on the wire side of the screen. Also, it should be noted that the outer edge of each leg portion of each of the channel members is positioned so close to the outer edge of a leg portion of an adjacent channel member that substantially all of the process stream will flow through the aperatures.

Abstract: A multi-turn labyrinth disk (10) is provided for a pressure reduction disk stack (12) which has an integral filter screen (34). The filter screen (34) comprises a series of small area passages (A.sub.2) located on the periphery of the disk (10) which lead to a common high capacity radial passage (32) used to supply a series of multi-turn labyrinth paths (18).

Abstract: Filter frame (1), intended to be inserted in filter cloths of flexible materials shaped as bags, which bags during filtration are percolated by the treated fluid from the outside and inwards, the frame comprising two perforated and corrugated plates (2) placed against each other so that the ridges of one plate are in contact with the valleys of the other plate and linear contact between the plates is formed and between which lines and the surfaces of the plates channels for the filtrate are formed and an outlet (5) for collecting the filtrate, whereby the outlet opens out into one of the channels. The perforations are, in order to obtain a good flexibility and separating effect, formed as holes in a net of expanded metal.

Abstract: An improved filtering septum for a restricted flow of liquid for filtration and liquid clarification having a pair of metal sheets each having an array of closely spaced small diameter perforations punched therethrough so as to form burrs on the inner face of each of the sheets at the periphery of the perforations, secured in face-to-face relation with the perforations of one sheet completely out of registry with those of the other such that the burrs of each sheet bear against unperforated areas of the other sheet along lines of imperfect contact pervious to a restricted flow of liquid.

Abstract: A filtering system that includes a cleaning assembly and a filter element in the form of a plate with a plurality of long, narrow through openings or slits in each of a plurality of rows. The cleaning assembly includes a slit-cleaning system connected downstream of the filter element to clean each slit. The cleaning assembly may also include a scraper cleaning system positioned upstream of the filter element. As fluid enters the filtering system, the debris or trash is filtered from the fluid and deposited on the upstream surface of the filter element and in the slits for removal by the cleaning assembly.

Abstract: A filter element for gas or liquid comprises a layer of glass, ceramic, metal, mineral wool or organic fibres containing, wholly within the layer, an apertured sheet, for example of steel or aluminum, the fibres being bound to one another throughout the layer and through the apertures, as well as to the sheet itself, by a synthetic resin such as silicone resin or polyurethane. The filter element is formed by mounting the apertured sheet a selected distance above a filter surface on which the fibres build up while a slurry containing the fibres is drained through the filter surface. When the fibres have built up to a predetermined distance above the sheet, the fibres containing the sheet are removed and the assembly impregnated with a synthetic resin and cured. Two or more grades of slurry mixture may be used in succession to produce a density grading through the thickness of the fibrous layer.

Abstract: A rapid cleaning filter utilized in a liquid fertilizer system including an elongate tank having a screen filter element longitudinally disposed in the tank with an entry slot in the end of the tank for quick removal from the tank; sealing means around that portion of the filter element extending outwardly of the tank and a quick release latching arm for holding the element in sealing relation with the tank.

Abstract: For dispensing segmental food pieces such as french fries, a bin has a perforated wall which extends from the front horizontally toward the rear. That wall then curves upward and reentrantly so as to be capable of captivating food segments urged toward the rear. Upright side walls extend along each side margin and have a height sufficient to form a closure of the reentrant portion of the bottom wall. A cutout, in one of those side walls, facilitates handling of the foodstuff and loading of the bin.

Abstract: A filter apparatus comprising a container, a plurality of sets of rotatable filter elements disposed in the container, each set comprising first and second circular filter plates of different diameters with one or more holes provided in each plate at predetermined distance from the center thereof, and interleaved with third plates of a smaller diameter than the first and second plates, with the sets disposed in a line and sealed in the container with exits provided aligned with the holes. The sets of filter plates are rotated in the same direction. Unfiltered material is supplied to the container at the top and due to the centrifugal force of the rotating plates, the sludge is separated from the liquid and moved toward the outer peripheries of the plates, and then transferred from one plate to the next plate down the line until the sludge is accumulated toward the end of the line.