Abstract: A cassette for use in a centrifugal counter-current distribution chromatographic apparatus which comprises a motor-driven rotor supported for rotation about a shaft having at least one pocket defined therein, and at least one cassette having a tortuous separation passage defined therein with the opposite ends adapted to be connected respectively to a source of fluid samples and the outside, the fluid samples being continuously supplied to the separation passage while the rotor is driven in one direction at high speed to effect the counter-current distribution.

Abstract: Chromatographic species are continuously separated by displacement chromatography using an apparatus that comprises an inlet distribution manifold, a particulate bed, and a plurality of collector receptacles. The particulate bed is moved with respect to the inlet distributor manifold and the collector receptacles.

Abstract: A composite chromatographic article comprising: (a) a polytetrafluoroethylene fibril matrix, and(b) non-swellable sorptive particles enmeshed in said matrix, the ratio of non-swellable sorptive particles to polytetrafluoroethylene being in the range of 19:1 to 4:1 by weight, said composite article having a net surface energy in the range of 20 to 300 milliNewtons per meter.

Abstract: A centrifugal fast chromatograph is disclosed. The apparatus includes a rotor, a rotor drive, a plurality of chromatographic columns mounted on the rotor, a transfer disk mounted on the rotor, photodetecting apparatus, a gradient maker and a microprocessor control system. The microprocessor controls and monitors the entire chromatograpy process. The centrifugal fast chromatograph permits the performance of multiple, rapid, and simultaneous separations.

Abstract: A centrifugal fast chromatograph is disclosed. The apparatus includes a rotor, a rotor drive, a plurality of chromatographic columns mounted on the rotor, a transfer disk mounted on the rotor, photodetecting apparatus, a gradient maker and a microprocessor control system. The microprocessor controls and monitors the entire chromatography process. The centrifugal fast chromatograph permits the performance of multiple, rapid, and simultaneous separations.

Abstract: A cassette for use in a centrifugal counter-current distribution chromatographic apparatus which comprises a motor-driven rotor supported for rotation about a shaft having at least one pocket defined therein, and at least one cassette having a tortuous separation passage defined therein with the opposite ends adapted to be connected respectively to a source of fluid samples and the outside, the fluid samles being continuously supplied to the separation passage while the rotor is driven in one direction at high speed to effect the counter-current distribution.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for chromatography employ a vibration driven mixing device mounted inside a column. One end of the mixing device is held in place by a stopper while the other end is free to vibrate back and forth. The mixture at the free end is efficiently mixed while the mixture at the held end remains undisturbed. The undisturbed portion can then be removed. This invention is particularly applicable to centrifugal chromatography where the vibration is produced by high frequency oscillation in the centrifugal force field.

Abstract: A composite chromatographic article comprising:(a) a polytetrafluoroethylene fibril matrix, and(b) non-swellable sorptive particles enmeshed in said matrix, the ration of non-swellable sorptive particles to polytetrafluoroethylene being in the range of 19:1 to 4:1 by weight, said composite article having a net surface energy in the range of 20 to 300 milliNewtons per meter.

Abstract: In the new on-line preparative method, and in the inventive apparatus, the addition of flow medium during chromatography can be varied in parallel, locally and temporally. It is thus possible to improve sections of a total chromatogram in their separation by choosing for such partial problems the optimum compositions of the flow medium. The separations are basically obtained in two different ways: (1) Circular separations are carried out with the help of centrifugal force using a sequential technical flow medium supply, wherein the separation occurs from the inside to the outside. The separated substances can be returned through recycling to the inside of the layer. (2) Anticircular separations are carried out with the help of capillary force using a circular solvent supply, wherein the substance zones are concentrated and/or further developed from the outside to the inside.

Abstract: A high speed countercurrent centrifuge is designed so that the chromatographic column used therewith may be readily replaced. A shaft for rotating a chromatographic column includes a column holder plate fixed therearound. The column holder plate has upwardly extending pins which engage the corresponding holes on the bottom flange of a spool about which a chromatographic column is wrapped, fixing the orientation of the spool relative to the column holder plate. Also a multi-layer chromatographic column is constructed to be used in the centrifuge. Multiple layers of tubing are wrapped around the above-described spool. The inlet and outlet ends of this tubing terminate in tubing adaptors mounted on an outer surface of a flange to permit quick connection of the column to the flow tubes of the centrifuge apparatus.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to providing a column chromatography apparatus and assay method employing the same which is readily adaptable for rapid laboratory separation of chemicals, in particular, organic, inorganic and biochemicals and biomolecules from an eluent fluid, such as a body fluid. In particular, it has been determined that a miniaturized column chromatography apparatus having a multi-stage separatory tube, an associated eluent tube, an adapter and a vented-cap and a non-vented cap is particularly well suited to the rapid assays yielding accurate results which are required in the analytical laboratory or clinical setting.

Abstract: An apparatus for performing efficient and stable separation of one material from the other using countercurrent chromatography. The apparatus includes a column holder, which is inclined at an optimum angle between 0.degree. and 90.degree., having a column wrapped thereabout. The configuration and orientation of the column may be varied depending on the properties of two-phase solvent system. A major feature is that the column holder rotates about its central longitudinal axis and the central vertical axis at the same angular velocity and in the same direction.

Abstract: Countercurrent chromatography is performed with an apparatus producing a hitherto unused mode of synchronous planetary motion. The axis of rotation remains tangent to the path of revolution about the axis of rotation. By this planetary motion, symmetrically distributed force vectors are created.

Abstract: A planar centrifugal chromatography device includes a chamber (2), and a rotor (3) arranged therein, driven by a motor (12) and serving as a separating element. The rotor has a supporting plate (15) with an adsorbing medium (4) provided thereon. A collecting device (5) is arranged near the outer edge of the rotor, but within the chamber.The characteristics of the invention include the collecting device (5) and the rotor (3) being mounted on a common shaft (10) and each individual point of a wall of the collecting device (5) being farther away from the axis of rotation (14) than the point of the adsorbing medium (4) which is farthest from the axis of rotation (14), and include the distances of individual points on the wall of the collecting device (5), measured from the axis of rotation (14), varying.

Abstract: Separation of liquid mixtures is achieved through a chromatographic method by employing centrifugal force in combination with dielectrophoretic force. The dielectrophoretic force is generated by electrostatically charging a flat rotatable surface. The resulting non-uniform electrical field acts on the liquid that is applied to the surface.

Abstract: A method of performing foam separation utilizes a gas-liquid dual countercurrent flow through a helical column subjected to a particular type of synchronous planetary motion. Samples introduced at the middle portion of the column, either continuously or batch wise, are separated according to the foam affinity. Any material having an affinity to the foam is quickly carried with the foaming stream and eluted through one end of the column, whereas other materials are carried with the liquid stream in the opposite direction and eluted out through the other end of the column.

Abstract: A sample vessel container in a sampling device for use in gas chromatography includes a rotatable metal block having a circular array of axial bores for accommodating a plurality of sample vessels. A heating jacket operative as an electric heater is non-rotatably connected to a housing, which jacket tightly surrounds in material contact with, and is adapted to heat, the rotatable metal block.

Abstract: A monolithic multi-channel integrated flow circuit comprising a support matrix sheet or plate impressed or embossed with the desired circuitry; the desired circuit elements such as transfer conduit and separation columns are integral with and defined by the support matrix, which conveniently comprises a first deformable support sheet embossed with the circuits elements by thermoforming techniques, and bonded to a support blank or correspondingly embossed second support sheet to complete and define the circuit.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a new type of chromatography technique, referred to as dynamic column chromatography, for separation of one or more compounds present in a solution, which is characterized by the existence of a moving solid adsorbent bed. According to the invention, the chromatographic system comprises a piston having at its bottom a sealing element and a longitudinal channel containing the adsorbent between two barriers and a test tube having at its bottom a multiple way valve. By pushing the piston into the test tube, the desired eluent which was prior forced through said valve is entering under intrinsic pressure of the closed system through the channel moving the adsorbed compounds to be separated between said barriers, the solution obtained going out through a nozzle located at one of the end parts of the piston.

Abstract: A flow-through apparatus for two-phase countercurrent chromatography consisting of a multi-layer helically coiled column carried on a flanged reel mounted on a frame revolving on a first axis. The reel rotates on a second axis parallel to and spaced from the first axis, at the same angular velocity and in the same direction as the frame to prevent twisting of its inlet and outlet flow tubes, which extend through an axial passage in a shaft portion of the reel. The reel has opposite shaft portions which are journalled in detachable opposite bearing blocks carried by the frame. The bearing blocks have a plurality of sets of bearings spaced to define different spaced positions of the second axis relative to the first axis, enabling adjustment of the .beta. value for the system as required. A counterweight is detachably mounted on the frame opposite the multi-layer coiled column by means of detachable supporting blocks, enabling the counterweight to be readily replaced as required by the .beta. adjustment.

Abstract: Centrifugation chromatography columns including column members for containing a particle bed and a porous member underlying the bed. The column members have an upper receiving opening and a lower discharge opening. A receptacle is demountably secured to the column. Attachment is effected through cooperation between a lower portion of the column members and an upper portion of the receptacles. Support structures may be provided on the exterior of the column members to facilitate support thereof by a centrifuge. In another embodiment of the invention continuous column centrifugation chromatography is provided by means of a column rotor on which are mounted a plurality of columns. A collector rotor is provided with means for receiving material discharged from the columns. Relative synchronized movement between the column rotor and the collector rotor is provided. A distribution system for supplying liquid to be separated to the columns on a continuous basis is provided.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the rapid enhancement of caramel colorant which comprises passing a liquid containing caramel colorant through a size exclusion chromatographic material while subjecting the liquid to centrifugal forces. The process for the enhancement of caramel colorant can be conducted in a relatively short period of time and produces a caramel colorant of improved coloring power and a reduced content of undesirable or non-color contributing substances.

Abstract: A flow-through continuous countercurrent extraction system consisting of a coiled tube or spiral coplanar channel revolving around a main axis and rotating around its own axis at the same angular velocity and in the same direction. With two solvent phases A and B, there are 5 flow tubes: (1) a feed tube for phase B located at the head end of the column, (2) a return tube for phase A located at the head end, (3) a feed tube for phase A located at the tail end, (4) a return tube for phase B located at the tail end, and (5) a sample feed tube located at the middle portion of the column. The column is mounted on a hollow rotary shaft and the axis of revolution is defined by a stationary hollow central shaft. The 5 flow tubes are led through the hollow rotary shaft, and then through the stationary central shaft. In this way, the flow tubes from the rotary shaft are allowed to rotate freely without interference or twisting.

Abstract: A flow-through liquid chromatography system wherein a motor directly drives a rotary frame rotatably and coaxially carrying a column assembly consisting of chromatography column segments annularly arranged around the rotational axis, which are serially connected. A countershaft journalled on the frame has a gearing arrangement which drivingly couples the column assembly to a fixed sun gear on the frame via a planetary gear on the column assembly and which is arranged to cause the column assembly to rotate twice as fast as the frame, in the same direction, and around the same axis, the arrangement being such as to avoid the need for rotating seals for the flow tubes. The column assembly is dynamically balanced so that there is also no need for counterweights.