Abstract: For manipulation of particles in a fluidic microsystem (15) in which the particles are moved in a predetermined reference direction in a suspension liquid, the microsystem (15) is closed off at least at its end (17a, 17b) pointing to the reference direction. The particles move under the influence of centrifugal forces and/or gravitational forces in the suspension liquid which is stationary in relation to the microsystem (15), with the centrifugal forces and/or gravitational forces essentially extending parallel to the reference direction. Furthermore, the particles in the microsystem (15) are exposed to deflection forces whose direction differs from that of the reference direction. (FIG. 1).

Abstract: A method, system and kit for detecting the presence of an analyte includes placing a solution containing the analyte in a microcapillary tube and placing the microcapillary tube in contact with a layer of sorbent material so that the solution is withdrawn from the microcapillary tube by capillary action. The sorbent material and solvent for the solution are selected so that the solvent is absorbed into the sorbent material and the analyte is adsorbed by the sorbent material and concentrated at the spot where the microcapillary tube contacts the sorbent material. A detector reagent is applied to the sorbent material to indicate the presence of the analyte.

Abstract: Novel separation materials for thin layer chromatography are disclosed; these consist of a support and a separation medium layer and are obtainable by the following process steps: a) cleaning of the support; b) application of a liquid film comprising a polysilicic ester to a support; c) introduction of the support with the liquid film into an atmosphere which effects hydrolysis and further polymerization of the polysilicic ester; d) hydrolysis and further polymerization of the polysilicic ester at constant temperature; e) washing of the silica layer; f) drying of the silica layer. The silica gel surface of the separation material of the invention can be modified by means of separation effectors.

Abstract: An arrangement for performing chromatography with a mobile phase and a chromatographic bed having a stationary phase is provided. The arrangement includes a support assembly configured to support the stationary phase. The support assembly has a sealed cavity configured so that when the support assembly is supporting the stationary phase a portion of the chromatographic bed and the stationary phase extends into the sealed cavity. The arrangement further includes a bladder having a void defined therein. The bladder is positioned within the sealed cavity. The arrangement also includes a fluid positioned within the void of the bladder so that the bladder is urged toward the stationary phase within the sealed cavity. The arrangement further includes an anode positioned in contact with the mobile phase.

Abstract: Methods for the isolation and identification of a toxicant in a sample are disclosed. Luminescent biological agents (i.e., bacteria) having sensitivity to a toxicant or an isolatable component in a sample are used to provide visually discernable zones of luminescent inhibition in the presence of a toxicant (or) in the presence of an isolatable sample component as separated by paper or thin layer chromatography. Kits for use in conjunction with the identification of a toxicant in a sample are also described, which include a luminescent biological reagent as the visualizing agent. Particular examples of luminescent bacterial agents useful in the practice of the present invention include Photobacterium leoganthi, Photobacterium phosphoreum, Vibrio fischeri, Vibrio harveyi a luminescent fungi, a luminescent fish extract, a luminescent dinoflagellate and fluorescent microorganisms, such as Cypridina.

Abstract: Methods which employ thin layer chromatography for separating and detecting hydrophobic target molecules are particularly useful in separating biologically relevant lipids. By utilizing non-destructive detection techniques, these methods also can be adapted to further quantification or structural analysis.

Abstract: An arrangement for performing chromatography with a mobile phase and a chromatographic bed having a stationary phase is provided. The arrangement includes a support assembly configured to support the stationary phase. The support assembly has a sealed cavity configured so that when the support assembly is supporting the stationary phase a portion of the chromatographic bed and the stationary phase extends into the sealed cavity. The arrangement further includes a bladder having a void defined therein. The bladder is positioned within the sealed cavity. The arrangement also includes a fluid positioned within the void of the bladder so that the bladder is urged toward the stationary phase within the sealed cavity. The arrangement further includes an anode positioned in contact with the mobile phase.

Abstract: The mixture to be tested for toxic components is first separated into fractions by chromatography. The separated fractions are then contacted with luminescent microorganisms in the chromatographic system itself and the toxicity of the fractions is determined by measurement of the bioluminescence. The chromatographic separation may be carried out either by thin layer chromatography or by column liquid chromatography.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed for detecting the presence of at least two predetermined known materials in a test sample. At least one of the predetermined known materials is a control material. The test sample is introduced into a test column which has a snare for each predetermined known material. Each snare has a capture material specific to the associated predetermined known material, and the capture material will bind with the associated predetermined known material to form a bound material. The test column is then washed to remove any materials which have not been bound to the capture materials. Finally, the presence of bound materials is detected on each of the snares. The method is useful for pathogens, DNA and RNA.

Abstract: Methods for the isolation and identification of a toxicant in a sample are disclosed. Luminescent biological agents (i.e., bacteria) having sensitivity to a toxicant or an isolatable component in a sample are used to provide visually discernable zones of luminescent inhibition in the presence of a toxicant (or) in the presence of an isolatable sample component as separated by paper or thin layer chromatography. Kits for use in conjunction with the identification of a toxicant in a sample are also described, which include a luminescent biological reagent as the visualizing agent. Particular examples of luminescent agents include photobacterium leoganthi, photobacterium phosphoreum, Vibrio fischeri, Vibrio harveyi a luminescent fungi, a luminescent fish extract, a luminescent dinoflagellate and fluorescent microorganisms, such as Cypridina. Potential toxicants in a liquid sample, a solid sample, or in a gaseous sample may be identified and further chemically characterized using the described methods.

Abstract: The invention relates to chiral polymers which are bonded to a support and have improved properties, a process for the preparation of these materials and their use as chiral stationary phases in the chromatograhic separation of optical isomers, in particular of racemates into their enantiomers.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a method and device for separating a mixture having at least two components, wherein a separation phase is impacted by the mixture to be separated and then the separation phase loaded with the mixture is eluted with at least one fluid. The separation phase is transported from a first station, at which it is introducted with the mixture for separation, to at least a second station, at which the separation phase is eluted with the at least one fluid.

Abstract: A chromatography material is described for separation of nucleic acid mixtures in which a support is converted with a silanization reagent, in which the silanization reagent has a reactive group converted with silanization reagent, in which the silanization reagent has a reactive group converted with an alkyl- or dialkylamine, or contains a reactive group that can be converted with an alkyl- or dialkylamine, which is then reacted with the alkyl- or dialkylamine.

Abstract: A process for disinfecting protein solutions operates by flowing the solutions through a bed of iodinated organic polymer that acts as a gel filtration material. The preferred types of gel filtration material is Sephadex brand cross-linked dextrans, either G-25 or A-25 (DEAE modified Sephadex). The various types of cross-linked dextrans are readily iodinated before use by being mixed dry with elemental iodine at an elevated temperature such as 37.degree. C. Sephadex brand cross-linked dextrans can be readily iodinated to 50% weight of iodine to weight of dextrans or more. The preferred level of iodination is 30-40%. Before use the used it is first swelled in aqueous medium and then poured into a chromatographic column. Six ml of swelled 30% iodine Sephadex A-25 can effectively destroy virus in at least one liter of 5% human IgG.

Abstract: Support materials for thin-layer chromatography characterized by a marker code applied using laser light.

Abstract: A solid phase extraction or chromatographic medium comprises a porous nonwoven fibrous matrix comprising at least one of polytetrafluoroethylene and blown microfibers, and sorptive or reactive hydrophobic siliceous molecular sieve particulates enmeshed in said matrix, the ratio of molecular sieves to matrix being in the range of 40:1 to 1:40.

Abstract: A method for spectral analysis of mixtures is disclosed using thin layer chromatography for separation of the components of the mixture followed by taking FTIR spectroscopic readings along the vertical length of the coated support.

Abstract: The present invention relates to modified glass fiber membranes which exhibit sufficient hydrophilicity and sufficient electropositivity to bind DNA from a suspension containing DNA and permit elution of the DNA from the membrane. Generally, the hydrophilic and electropositive characteristics are expressed at the surface of the modified glass fiber membrane. Preferred modified glass fiber membranes of the present invention include glass fiber membranes that have been modified by treatment with trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), BCl.sub.3, SiCl.sub.4, NaOH, F.sup.-, AlCl.sub.3 alone or in combination, with or without water. The modified glass fiber membranes of the present invention are particularly useful in processes for purification of DNA from other cellular components.

Abstract: The invention provides a planar chromatographic plate comprising a supported homogeneous thin porous film of ceramic material produced by sol-gel technology the film being provided with a porous network enabling elution through the film whereby planar chromatographic separation of chemicals or biochemicals can be carried out therewith.

Abstract: A solid phase extraction or chromatographic medium comprises a porous nonwoven fibrous matrix comprising at least one of polytetrafluoroethylene and blown microfibers, and sorptive or reactive hydrophobic siliceous molecular sieve particulates enmeshed in said matrix, the ratio of molecular sieves to matrix being in the range of 40:1 to 1:40.

Abstract: The present invention relates to modified glass fiber membranes which exhibit sufficient hydrophilicity and sufficient electropositivity to bind DNA from a suspension containing DNA and permit elution of the DNA from the membrane. Generally, the hydrophilic and electropositive characteristics are expressed at the surface of the modified glass fiber membrane. Preferred modified glass fiber membranes of the present invention include glass fiber membranes that have been modified by treatment with trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), BCl.sub.3, SiCl.sub.4, NaOH, F.sup.-, AlCl.sub.3 alone or in combination, with or without water. The modified glass fiber membranes of the present invention are particularly useful in processes for purification of DNA from other cellular components.

Abstract: The present invention relates to modified glass fiber membranes which exhibit sufficient hydrophilicity and sufficient electropositivity to bind DNA from a suspension containing DNA and permit elution of the DNA from the membrane. Generally, the hydrophilic and electropositive characteristics are expressed at the surface of the modified glass fiber membrane. Preferred modified glass fiber membranes of the present invention include glass fiber membranes that have been modified by treatment with trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), BCl.sub.3, SiCl.sub.4, NaOH, F.sup.-, AlCl.sub.3 alone or in combination, with or without water. The modified glass fiber membranes of the present invention are particularly useful in processes for purification of DNA from other cellular components.

Abstract: The present invention relates to modified glass fiber membranes which exhibit sufficient hydrophilicity and sufficient electropositivity to bind DNA from a suspension containing DNA and permit elution of the DNA from the membrane. Generally, the hydrophilic and electropositive characteristics are expressed at the surface of the modified glass fiber membrane. Preferred modified glass fiber membranes of the present invention include glass fiber membranes that have been modified by treatment with trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), BCl.sub.3, SiCl.sub.4, NaOH, F.sup.-, AlCl.sub.3 alone or in combination, with or without water. The modified glass fiber membranes of the present invention are particularly useful in processes for purification of DNA from other cellular components.

Abstract: The present invention relates to modified glass fiber membranes which exhibit sufficient hydrophilicity and sufficient electropositivity to bind DNA from a suspension containing DNA and permit elution of the DNA from the membrane. Generally, the hydrophilic and electropositive characteristics are expressed at the surface of the modified glass fiber membrane. Preferred modified glass fiber membranes of the present invention include glass fiber membranes that have been modified by treatment with trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), BCl.sub.3, SiCl.sub.4, NaOH, F.sup.-, AlCl.sub.3 alone or in combination, with or without water. The modified glass fiber membranes of the present invention are particularly useful in processes for purification of DNA from other cellular components.

Abstract: A testing system for urinalysis is provided comprising a support member which carries a developing phase, a reagent carrying means, a urine applying section, and a urine-reagent developing area. In order to prevent inaccurate test results which may result from splashing the sample onto the device, a water-repellent agent is coated onto both sides of the reagent phase and the urine-reagent developing phase, as well as onto both sides of the support member where the reagent phase and the urine-reagent developing phase are provided. The water repellent agent is solidified, and a transparent resin film is attached to the upper surfaces of the reagent phase and the urine-reagent developing phase. In another embodiment, instead of the combination of a water repellent agent and a transparent resin film attached to the upper surfaces of the reagent phase and the urine-reagent developing phase, the device is enclosed in an envelope-like or cylindrical transparent resin film or container.

Abstract: A radial flow chromatograph in which the bed is tightly compressed, or a chromatographic series comprised of a series of several such beds. A process for separating species in a fluid by driving the fluid radially through one or more tightly compressed beds.

Abstract: The present invention relates to modified glass fiber membranes which exhibit sufficient hydrophilicity and sufficient electropositivity to bind DNA from a suspension containing DNA and permit elution of the DNA from the membrane. Generally, the hydrophilic and electropositive characteristics are expressed at the surface of the modified glass fiber membrane. Preferred modified glass fiber membranes of the present invention include glass fiber membranes that have been modified by treatment with trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), BCl.sub.3, SiCl.sub.4, NaOH, F.sup.-, AlCl.sub.3 alone or in combination, with or without water. The modified glass fiber membranes of the present invention are particularly useful in processes for purification of DNA from other cellular components.

Abstract: A method of obtaining a novel polypeptide from a crude extraction product of polysaccharide peptide Coriolus versicolor comprising: a) boiling a water soluble powder of polysaccharide peptide Coriolus versicolor; b) centrifuging a boiled product from step a); c) filtering a centrifuged product from step b); d) purifying a solution from step c) by gel filtration chromatography; e) subjecting the purified material from step d) to HPLC using a reversed-phase at ambient temperature, wherein a solvent composition is at an acidic Ph and further includes KCl solvent, and wherein an elution system consists of a linear gradient of about 80% methanol applied at a rate of from between 0-40 minutes to obtain chromatographic peaks; f) analyzing the chromatographic peaks by monitoring for absorbance at about 230 nm, 1.0 AUFS for protein analysis and about 620 nm, 0.

Abstract: An apparatus for use in the performance of thin layer chromatography of the type which utilizes a thin bag as the developing chamber for the chromatogram is provided. The apparatus has a pair of substantially identical frames which hold the bag between the frames in a manner sealing the upper and lower ends of the bag while permitting sliding movement of the bag vertically within the frame. The frames are connected by a hinge which permits pivoting of the frames between an open and a closed position. In the closed position, the inner surfaces of the frame are aligned in a face-to-face relationship which accommodates the placement of the chromatography bag between the frames and holds the bag in an upright manner by frictional engagement of the bag with the inner surface of the frame. The bag is sealed by the action of outwardly extending ribs or a resilient pad presented on the inner surface of at least one of the upper and lower crossmembers of the frames.

Abstract: Methods of conducting Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) involving using a TLC plate having sample spots and including no support material, placing the TLC plate on a porous substrate, and allowing solvent to move upwardly from the porous substrate toward the TLC plate by capillary action to be vaporized from the surface of the TLC plate, thereby concentrating the sample spots developed in the thin layer on the surface of the TLC plate.

Abstract: A composite article having controlled void volume and mean pore size comprises:(a) polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) fibril matrix, and(b) insoluble, non-swellable sorptive particles enmeshed in said matrix, the ratio of non-swellable sorptive particles to PTFE is in the range of 40:1 to 1:4 by weight, the composite article having a porosity in the range of 30 to 80 percent void volume and a mean pore size in the range of 0.3 to 5 micrometers, preferably with at least 90 percent of pores having a size less than 3.6 micrometers.The article is prepared by incorporating lubricant in the precursor admixture in an amount sufficient to exceed the lubricant sorptive capacity of the particles by at least 3 weight percent and up to an amount at which the mass loses its integrity.

Abstract: The invention relates to silane derivatives of the formula I ##STR1## their preparation by hydrosilylation of corresponding (meth)acrylamides and their use as silylating agents.

Abstract: The invention describes a new fabrication procedure of a capillary chromatography device with at least one sensor unit. The device contains at least one capillary column which is formed between a carrier and a cover layer, and which has at least one inlet and one outlet opening for a carrier phase and/or the sample. In addition, the invention describes a capillary chromatography device with at least one sensor, where the capillary columns with inlet and outlet openings and, if necessary, additional inlet, outlet and detector chambers, are formed between a carrier and a cover layer, which is deposited onto the carrier surface.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the visualization of substance stains on dry layer chromatograms without further addition of a mobile phase, which device has foil of at least one layer and comprises one or more reagents for the visualization of substance stains.

Abstract: A chemical analysis method for indirect detection thin layer chromatography of cations that provides a rapid indication of the amount and type of cation present with minimal equipment requirements. The method includes four steps. The first step is to equilibrate a thin layer cation exchange chromatography plate with a color-forming cation, such as with copper II, to form a prepared plate. The second step is to deposit a sample on the prepared plate to form a spotted plate, the sample containing a cation of interest, such as sodium I. The third step is to develop the spotted plate with a liquid solution containing the color-forming cation, such as a solution of copper II ions, to chromatograph the cation of the sample to form a developed plate.

Abstract: A composite article having controlled void volume and mean pore size comprises:(a) polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) fibril matrix, and(b) insoluble, non-swellable sorptive particles enmeshed in said matrix, the ratio of non-swellable sorptive particles to PTFE is in the range of 40:1 to 1:4 by weight, the composite article having a porosity in the range of 30 to 80 percent void volume and a mean pore size in the range of 0.3 to 5 micrometers, preferably with at least 90 percent of pores having a size less than 3.6 micrometers.The article is prepared by incorporating lubricant in the precursor admixture in an amount sufficient to exceed the lubricant sorptive capacity of the particles by at least 3 weight percent and up to an amount at which the mass loses its integrity.

Abstract: Mixtures of substances containing metal complex compounds, organoelemental ligands, and/or other components are separated according to the invention by chromatography on stationary supports in an aqueous or aqueous/organic medium.

Abstract: A chromatographic device is disclosed. The device comprises in combination a housing, a strip of bibulous material non-removably confined in the housing. The strip has a length and width only slightly less than the length and width of the inner walls of the housing. The inner walls of the housing have means attached thereto for supportively confining the strip in the housing. The strip is confined so that (1) the front and back of the strip are essentially free from contact with the walls of the housing and (2) the capillary action of the strip remains substantially unchanged, and (3), where the strip is paper, the strip is allowed to expand as it is traversed by the liquid medium. The bottom end of the housing contains means for enabling contact of a portion of the strip with the liquid medium. The housing further contains means for visually observing the strip and can also contain indicating means cooperative therewith to assist in determining the result of a chromatographic test.

Abstract: In a method for producing a reversed phase bonded metal oxide by reacting the metal oxide with a reactive silane, the improvement comprising conducting the reaction in the presence of ultrasonic waves.

Abstract: A composite chromatographic article comprising: (a) a polytetrafluoroethylene fibril matrix, and(b) non-swellable sorptive particles enmeshed in said matrix, the ratio of non-swellable sorptive particles to polytetrafluoroethylene being in the range of 19:1 to 4:1 by weight, said composite article having a net surface energy in the range of 20 to 300 milliNewtons per meter.

Abstract: A device for monitoring the release of a substance from a substrate, e.g., the release of ions through membranes, are disclosed.

Abstract: An improved liquid chromatography column having a horizontal flow of the liquid through the separating medium utilizing an improved fluid distribution system is disclosed. The improved fluid distribution system includes a screen or mesh arrangement, and a thin layer, plate or wafer-like separation medium. The screen or mesh type distribution system enables uniform distribution of the sample or eluting fluid radially over 360.degree. around the periphery of the separating medium bed, thus eliminating the high machining costs and other problems associated with systems employing grooves or passageways type distribution systems. The improved column as a whole may be fabricated so as to be disposable or may be constructed to have an even more simplified fluid distribution arrangement.

Abstract: A device and method for scraping and collecting adsorbent from located areas on developed thin layer chromatography plates and extracting substances from collected adsorbent. The above functions can be performed without additional apparatus. The device is constructed of polypropylene to allow for easy use, manufacture and low cost. The shell surrounds a primary filtering and retaining material and a secondary filter. The adsorbent is removed from the thin layer chromatography plate via a scraping edge and collected by aspirating the adsorbent into the device where it becomes embedded in the primary filtering and retaining material. The device can then be separated to allow facile addition of a solvent to elute the sample out of the device free of adsorbent. The scraping process is improved as a result of the polypropylene contact with the plate, the collection process minimizes loss of removed adsorbent, and the elution/filtration allows easy recovery of developed samples.

Abstract: The invention relates to a chromatographic column for separating antigen-antibody complexes from the free antigens not bonded to the antibodies and/or for complete bonding of all marked substances in the immunological determination of antigens or haptens by radio-immunological, luminescence-immunological, fluorescence-immunological or enzyme-immunological determination methods in which a crepe-like tightly rolled filter paper of high degree of purity, in particular of regenerate cellulose, is pressed into a water-proof and water-tight envelope as nonpolar column material. According to the invention the chromatographic upright column comprises an upper reaction portion chargeable from above and a lower separation and measuring portion which are separated from each other by a perforable bottom, the column being fastened from below on the perforable bottom of the column.

Abstract: A thin-layer rod for thin-layer chromatography conducted by the use of a flame ionization detector, comprising a rodlike support and a stationary phase made of an adsorbent which is superposed on the rod-like support, with chemical modification made in at least part of the stationary phase.

Abstract: A chromatography sample transfer process is disclosed in which fractions on a TLC plate are automatically moved by capillary action from the plate to separate receptacles adapted to retain material for diffuse reflectance measurement. The developed TLC plate is so mounted that its fractions are horizontally spaced, and its lower edge is in a solvent. As the solvent moves upwardly due to capillarity, it dissolves the fraction samples, and transfers them to a plurality of horizontally spaced wicks. The wicks, which are preferably made of sintered stainless steel powder, carry their solvent/sample material upwardly to separate receptacles, each containing transparent powder which retains the sample during diffuse reflectance measurement. The solvent is removed from the receptacles by horizontal airflow (air knife) without requiring significant heating.

Abstract: In the new on-line preparative method, and in the inventive apparatus, the addition of flow medium during chromatography can be varied in parallel, locally and temporally. It is thus possible to improve sections of a total chromatogram in their separation by choosing for such partial problems the optimum compositions of the flow medium. The separations are basically obtained in two different ways: (1) Circular separations are carried out with the help of centrifugal force using a sequential technical flow medium supply, wherein the separation occurs from the inside to the outside. The separated substances can be returned through recycling to the inside of the layer. (2) Anticircular separations are carried out with the help of capillary force using a circular solvent supply, wherein the substance zones are concentrated and/or further developed from the outside to the inside.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for determining the tendency of hydrocarbon liquid to foul equipment includes a horizontal polymeric membrane made from polymers containing polar atoms, a light source for scanning hydrocarbon liquid sample on the membrane, and means for measuring the difference in light reflected by the asphaltene ring and the membrane matrix. Energy sources other than light may be employed.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for determining the tendency of hydrocarbon liquid to foul equipment includes a horizontal TLC plate, a light source for scanning hydrocarbon liquid sample on the TLC plate, and means for measuring the difference in light reflected by the asphaltene ring and the TLC matrix. Energy sources other than light may be employed.