Abstract: Methods of scavenging hydrogen halide species from hydrocarbon liquids are disclosed. Preferred scavengers includes allyl alcohol, benzyl alcohol and tertiary alcohols such as tert-butyl alcohol.

Abstract: A novel polymer and treatment scenario which considerably improves detackification of paint overspray consisting of high solids enamel, epoxy resin, or polyurethanes in the wash water or paint spray booths is disclosed comprised of:(i) a hydrophilic-lipophilic copolymer in combination with a modified tannin and/or(ii) a diallyldimethylammonium chloride polymer in combination with a modified tannin.

Abstract: A process for separating dissolved organic solutes from a solution is provided. The process includes the steps of mixing the solution with a surfactant in order that the surfactant adsorbs substantially all of the organic solutes and forms a surfactant/organic solute aggregate. The aggregate is then separated from the solution by either reducing the solubility of the surfactant, ultrafiltration of the solution or foam fractionation of the solution. If it is desired to re-use the surfactant, the surfactant/organic solute aggregate is further treated in order to desorb the organic solutes from the surfactant.

Abstract: A low temperature process for separating bitumen from tarsands comprises slurrying tarsands in water at a temperature in the range of above about freezing to 35.degree. C., preferably in the range of 2.degree. to 15.degree. C., mixing said aqueous slurry with a conditioning agent for a time sufficient to release bitumen from tarsands and to uniformly disperse the conditioning agent on the bitumen, and subjecting the resulting slurry to froth flotation for recovery of a bitumen product and production of sand tails.

Abstract: A method for clarifying water by liquid/solid separation comprising dosing the water to be clarified with a copolymer produced by the emulsion polymerization of only hydrophobic monomers where at least one hydrophobic monomer is an amine containing monomer which is hydrophobic when the amine is neutral and hydrophilic when the amine is salified.

Abstract: The present invention solves the problem of managing resin-containing waste liquors within the cellulose pulp industry. The invention relates to a method for purifying resin-containing waste liquor in the manufacture of cellulose pulp, in which method a pH-adjusting chemical is, when necessary, added to resin-containing waste liquor removed from the cellulose pulps, so that the pH of the waste liquor will lie within the pH range 1-7, and in which a water-soluble organic polymer is added to the waste liquor in the form of a forwardly moving liquid stream. The method is characterized by dividing up the requisite amount of polymer into part quantities which are introduced into the liquid stream on at least two occasions, by subjecting the liquid stream to a pronounced shearing and/or turbulent treatment process, and by subsequently separating agglomerated resin from the waste liquor.

Abstract: A novel treatment scenario which considerably improves detackification of paint overspray consisting of undiluted high solids enamel, epoxy resin or polyurethanes in the wash water of paint spray booths is disclosed, comprised of (i) a dialkylamine-epihalohydrin in combination with a modified tannin and/or (ii) a dialkylamine epihalohydrin in combination with a melamine formaldehyde type polymer.

Abstract: A method is provided for removing elemental sulfur particles from a hydrogen sulfide removal process which employs a regenerable, aqueous washing solution capable of absorbing hydrogen sulfide from an industrial gas stream and converting that hydrogen sulfide to elemental sulfur. The washing solution of such a process is contacted with bubbles of an oxygen-containing gas while in the presence of an effective amount of a cationic sulfur particle-size increasing polymeric flocculent to form a sulfur-containing froth from which the sulfur is recovered.

Abstract: Dispersions of oil and similar liquids in water are clarified with separation of the oil and water phases by mixing the dispersion with a polymer dissolved in an oil miscible solvent in a manner such that contact between the polymer solution and dispersed oil droplets is achieved. The polymer must be soluble in the oil and must have a molecular weight sufficiently high to impart viscoelasticity to the resulting solution of polymer in solvent and oil. Thereafter, the oil and water phases are readily separated by settling and decantation, or by enhanced phase separation techniques such as centrifugation.

Abstract: To recycle fluorescent and television tubes, the latter are introduced into a container which can be sealed in a gas-tight manner and crushed under water. In this process, the ascending gases released are drawn off under suction and fed in a compressed state to the reuse process, acid which dissolves or strips off the pollutants being added to the broken glass, which is coated with pollutants, the dissolved and stripped-off pollutants are flushed out of the broken glass, the metallic constituents are removed therefrom and then the broken glass is passed to the further utilization process. A precipitating agent is added to the liquid phase and the liquid phase is then filtered, the yttrium-containing filter cake being delivered to lanthanide manufacturers for further processing. The filtrate is fed back to the container in which the tubes are crushed.

Abstract: Novel process for the removal of hydrophobic oil from solid particulates in oily sludge waste which includes waste material from the oil refineries, drilling fluids or muds, brines, and other chemical wastes which have solid particulates contaminated with oil. The process involves separation of different components of the sludge on the basis of their size, density and physico-chemical differentials. Coarse particulates are removed with the use of screening systems such as sieve bends or vibro-sieves. Oil is removed from these coarse particulates with water rinsing. The separation of the sludge into high and low density fractions may be achieved by gravity separation processes or hydrocyclones. Froth flotation is used to separate hydrophobic materials from hydrophilic materials in the mixture.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process and an apparatus for beneficiating a mineral ore, such as phosphate-containing ore, in a substantially vertical column. The feed subjected to the benefication preferably has a particle size of less than 20 mesh. The feed is introduced into the column, containing at least one baffle, into which there is also introduced a gas at the bottom portion thereof and a liquid through at least one column inlet at the top of the column. The baffle and the rates of introduction of the feed, the gas, and the liquid are such as to create relatively high turbulence conditions within the column. The enriched, beneficiated product is removed at the top of the column, while the waste products, such as silica-containing material, in the case of a phosphate ore, are recovered at the bottom of the column.

Abstract: Improvement to the separation and recovery of solids from liqiuds containing them, and using a ionic flotation process, implementing an installation characterized in that it comprises at least a vat (1) for pretreating the solution to be treated for the insolubilization of the solid to be recovered and the formation of a suspension maintained under stirring conditions (stirrer 2), at least a flotation cell (5) supplied with said suspension, at least a device (4) provided between said vat (1) and said flotation cell (5) adapted to generate within the cell a rising non-turbulent stream intended to convey the desired solid towards the surface of said suspension while maintaining at said surface a calm area for the accumulation of said solid and at least one means for the recovery of said solid (6-7).

Abstract: Polyalkanolamines of controlled molecular weights and their uses as demulsifiers and/or flotation agents.

Abstract: Modified starch compositions and their use for flocculating mineral waste residues, particularly the red mud containing alumina liquors from bauxite residues, comprising the addition to an alumina liquor of a flocculating amount of a methylated starch which, optionally, may be hydrolyzed, or a methylated starch which is also sulfonated and, optionally, may be hydrolyzed. Preferably, the methylated starch compositions are potato and dasheen starch derivatives prepared at temperatures of about 50.degree. to about 85.degree. C.

Abstract: We disclose a process for removing water-soluble organics from produced water. The process comprises: acidifying the produced water with acid; contacting the acidified with a free oil to form a mixture; agitating the mixture to produce a thoroughly mixed phase; and separating the phase to produce a free oil phase and a clean water phase.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for water purification, wherein ions are released from electrodes during electrolysis and combine with impurities to form a floc which, in turn, absorbs other impurities. A moving bed of solid, non-conductive particles surrounding the electrodes is also provided to insure self-cleaning of the electrodes. The apparatus for carrying out the process comprises an electrolysis chamber containing a moving bed of solid particles surrounding the electrodes, an inlet conduit for contaminated water at one end of the chamber, and a conically extending flocculation basin at the opposite end of the chamber. The invention simplifies water purification processes and apparatus.

Abstract: A method for improving the SVI of the mixed liquor residing in an aeration tank in an activated sludge treatment system which also includes a sedimentation tank is provided. This method comprises the following steps:(A) feeding a concentration system other than said activated sludge treatment system with at least one of the mixed liquor in the aeration tank, the mixed liquor withdrawn from a line connecting the aeration tank and the sedimentation tank, and the settled sludge leaving said sedimentation tank;(B) introducing the concentrated sludge from said concentration system into a first mixing zone where said concentrated sludge is mixed with a resin having high water absorbing capability;(C) introducing a gel-like sludge-resin mixture from said first mixing zone into a second mixing zone where a metal salt is added to said mixture; and(D) returning to said aeration tank a contracted gel-sludge mixture leaving said second mixing zone.

Abstract: A process for treating effluent water of a poultry processing plant for reuse in that plant. According to the present invention, a treatment of the effluent with a strong oxidant and with a substance to reduce the pH to less than 5.2 pH units, and preferably about 3.0.+-.0.5 pH units causes a floc to form together with a destruction of bacteria and a breaking of the oils and greases. The floc contains the impurities such that the water separated from the floc is sufficiently purified for reuse in certain processing steps in the plant. In the case of treating effluent water from the poultry chiller tank(s), the product water can be reused in the tank(s). In the preferred form of the process, formation of the floc is enhanced by the addition of an anionic polymer or other thickener/strengthener, and separation is achieved by dissolved air flotation techniques. A final filtration can be utilized after a readjustment of the pH to near neutral to match new water to be used in the plant.

Abstract: A process for removing toxic or hazardous substances from soils, sludges, sediments, clays, aqueous streams, and other non-hazardous materials comprises collecting the contaminated material, converting it to a slurry, adding one or more surfactants and/or alkaline agents to the slurry to free the toxic or hazardous substance(s) from the contaminated material and place it in the liquid phase of the slurry. Preferably, a modifier is added to the slurry in order to aid the concentration of the toxic substance in the liquid phase of the slurry. The concentrated toxic substance is then collected for disposal. Most preferably the concentration of the toxic substance is carried out in a froth flotation cell.

Abstract: A process for facilitating the separation of fat from a waste stream composition comprising water, fat, fatty acids and solids produced in food processing plants and animal rendering plants. In one embodiment, an alkaline pH control composition and an aluminum salt flocculant composition are added to the waste stream composition for subsequent separation in a clarifier of the waste stream composition into an essentially fatty layer, an essentially water layer, and an essentially solids layer. In a second embodiment, a conventional dissolved air flotation system is employed. An acidified aluminum salt flocculant composition is added to the waste stream composition prior to dissolved air introduction. The resulting waste stream composition subsequently separates in a clarifier into the three layers described above.

Abstract: Waste water from fat rendering and meat processing plants is treated in a conventional clarifier to produce better separation of suspended solids and fat from waste water by the addition of a first solution of pH controlling agent in combination with a surfactant and a second solution of a flocculating agent into the waste water streams entering the clarifier.

Abstract: The instant invention comprises a method and apparatus for providing an alternative to chemical precipitation, electroplating and hydroxide floculation and for improving the separation of heavy metal from water.

Abstract: A system and method for converting pulp and paper mill waste water into a decolored, neutral pH effluent and a solid suitable for use as fuel in a furnace. The treatment system is used following primary and secondary treatment of pulp and paper mill waste waters typically found in the industry. After secondary biological treatment, the waste waters are pumped to a coagulation tank where the waste water is brought in contact with a polyamine coagulant which coagulates lignins, degraded sugars, and other compounds which typically discolor this water. The coagulation particles are increased in size by addition of an acrylamide polymer in a flocculation tank to improve the hydrophilic characteristics of the coagulant. The waste water is then mixed a dissolved air and water solution under pressure. Upon dissolution of the dissolved air at atmospheric pressure the air is absorbed by the flocculated matter in the aeration tank and the flocculated matter is caused to migrate towards the area of less pressure, i.e.

Abstract: A flotation device provided with a raw water tank; a flotation tank thereto the flowing of raw water from said raw water tank is generated by a water level differential; a stirring apparatus for air mixing located at flowing passage of raw water flows from said raw water tank to said flotation tank; a chemicals supply apparatus adding the cationic polymer coagulant at the upper stream side and the anionic polymer coagulant at the lower stream side of said stirring apparatus of said flowing passage; a gas supply apparatus feeding air with lowering the upper stream side of flowing passage at just before upper stream side of said stirring apparatus of said flowing passage.

Abstract: The instant invention provides a method and apparatus to improve the treatment capacity in the flotation process and to reduce the cost of equipment improving the dehydration of the separated scum using only natural dehydration and air-dry that have no need of mechanical dehydration process.

Abstract: This invention is a process for removing mercury from the desorption or cyanide liquor of a precious metal recovery, cyanide leach system. A sulfide ion-producing compound and a flocculating agent are added to the desorption liquor to form and flocculate mercuric sulfide. The desorption liquor typically has a cyanide concentration of between about 0.5 percent and about 2.0 percent by weight. The flocculated mercuric sulfide is separated from a substantially mercury-free precious metal-containing, cyanide solution.

Abstract: A process for the decolorization of alkaline pulp such as that derived from paper waste water wherein the waste water is contacted with a strong mineral acid, contacted with a coagulated agent and then the solid coagulum is separated and neutralized to liquify the color bodies in concentrated form.

Abstract: The iron content of Bayer process streams is reduced by contacting said stream with a tertiary hydroxyl-containing polyamine.

Abstract: Water or sewage which contains sludges containing organic waste materials or waste materials which can be chemically precipitated are mixed with a flocculant consisting of a metal salt solution and are subsequently degasified. Thereafter, the pure water and organic sludge containing admixed metal hydroxide are separated from each other. The pH value of the sludge mixture is decreased until the metal hydroxides are dissolved as metal salts so that the organic sludge can be separated from the resulting metal salt solution. The metal salt solution is recirculated for re-use as a flocculant. Because the separated sludge still contains metal salts, it is treated with wash water and may possibly be further acidified. After the separation, the pH value of the wash water is increased to precipitate a metal hydroxide sludge, which is separated from the wash water and recycled to the degasified sewage.

Abstract: The following inorganic compounds of iron, when added to Bayer process liquors, form a precipitate of the finely divided iron present in:A. Ferric oxide;B. Ferrous salts; orC. Ferrous salts in combination with ferric oxide.The precipitate is removed using a polymeric flocculating agent. This treatment reduces iron levels below those obtained using other iron removal treatments.

Abstract: A process for separating and recovering non-metallic minerals, particularly phosphate, from an ore containing non-uniform sized particles, including colloidal particles. The ore is slurried in an alkaline, aqueous solution with a dispersing agent. A flotation collector is added, and the mixture is contacted with a hydrophobic, high molecular weight, nonionic polymer to flocculate the fine particles and make them amenable to subsequent flotation. A second embodiment provides a process for the recovery of an upgraded non-metallic ore from ore slimes, such as phosphate slimes, utilizing a high molecular weight, polyacrylamide, anionic flocculating agent.

Abstract: A process for treating waste water which contains an undesirable level of suspended organic materials comprising a precipitation and coagulation by the controlled addition of lime and phosphoric acid.

Abstract: The invention herein involves the capture and treatment of excess uncured paint which is produced during spray painting operations. In particular, the invention relates to alkyl sulfate-based compositions which detackify excess spray paint, a method for utilizing these compositions in paint spray booth operations and a method for removing uncured paint from coated surfaces.

Abstract: The invention relates to coagulating compositions for coagulating lacquers, waxes and coating compositions, more especially two-component polyurethane lacquers, which contain a mixture of cyanamide and/or dicyanodiamide and/or calcium cyanamide in an amount of from 1% to 80% by weight in conjunction with substances normally present in coagulating compositions.

Abstract: A method of sludge concentration comprises forming a froth in the foaming zone by mixing a foaming agent, air and water, mixing the sludge feed with said froth and a polymeric flocculant in a mixing zone, and introducing the resulting mixture of sludge and flocculant into a flotation zone for separating the mixture into a concentrated sludge and water is disclosed.

Abstract: A developing or peeling solution for developing or imagewisely peeling an alkali-type photosensitive film containing a suspension of released photosensitive film is regenerated by introducing one or more reagents and a gas for depositing the suspension in floating state and removing the floated deposit by a skimmer from the developing or peeling solution. The regenerated developing or peeling solution can be used again and again for the development or peeling.

Abstract: A flotation process for the continuous recovery of silver or silver compounds from solutions or dispersions is described, wherein finely divided, inert gas bubbles are injected into the dispersions of silver and silver compounds in the presence of protein and the pH of the medium is maintained at the isoelectric point of the protein. Addition of a surface active agent accelerates the process. The desilverized effluent has a silver content of less than 1 mg of Ag/l. The quantity of flotate (12) is less than 2% of the quantity of effluent (5) put into the process.

Abstract: The method of beneficiating phosphate tailings and debris waste material is disclosed for producing enriched phosphate ore and a sand product which is usable for glass, cement and the like or for land reclamation. The method includes treating the phosphate tailings and waste material with a cationic reagent and subjecting the tailings and waste material to a flotation process to overflow the sand product therefrom. The underflow phosphate ore is subjected to a conventional double flotation process to produce a high grade phosphate product. The sand product may either be directly pumped into an existing phosphate quarry for land reclamation or may be deregentized and treated with anionic reagents to remove remaining impurities providing a sand product suitable for glass, cement and the like.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing sulphate-poor, polynucleate aluminium hydroxide sulphate complexes of the general formula[Al(OH).sub.x (SO.sub.4).sub.y (H.sub.2 O).sub.z ].sub.nin which n is an integer; x is 0.75-2.0; y is 0.5-1.12; x+2y is 3; z is 1.5-4 when the product is in solid form, and z>>4 when the product is in the form of an aqueous solution, an amorphous aluminium hydroxide being admixed with aluminium sulphate and/or sulphuric acid to y=0.5-1.12; preferably 0.5-0.75.

Abstract: A method of clarifying proteinaceous waste water is provided involving feeding the water through a treatment zone where it is subjected to various treatment steps and from which it issues as a clarified product. Solid impurities are coagulated in said zone and 20-50% by mass of the waste water feed is recirculated as clarified product which is aerated to provide a foam containing less than 10% by volume of liquid, and which is mixed with the feed in or upstream of the treatment zone. Foam rises and floats to the surface of the liquid in the treatment zone from which it, with solids entrapped therein, is removed.

Abstract: An oil-containing slurry waste containing a soap component in the oil component thereof is foamed by stirring so that the oil component adheres to the froth produced by the foaming and rises to the surface of the slurry waste by virtue of buoyancy. Consequently, the oil component in the slurry waste is separated from the slurry waste in a highly concentrated form as entrained by the froth. The oil thus separated is suitable for reuse. The slurry waste having a low oil content can be easily treated for disposal.

Abstract: A chemical reagent is mixed with the mixture to form a resultant reaction mixture under substantially nonoxidizing or oxygen-free conditions. A continuous movement of the resultant reaction mixture is established through a flotation zone while maintaining substantially quiescent flow conditions during the continuous movement thereof. A first outlet is used to discharge a free or unimpeded flow of material collected at the upper surface of the liquid carrier medium within the flotation zone. A second outlet is used to discharge an impeded flow maintained at a lower flow rate than the free flow from said first discharging outlet. The chemical reagent is composed of a liquid hydrocarbon, a reducing material and an activator material. A trough shaped vessel has a discharge end with an upper outlet means and a lower outlet means. The vessel has a structural configuration effective to provide the continuous, substantially quiescent movement of the mixture through the vessel.

Abstract: A process for removing contaminating insoluble solids (e.g., rust, sand, scale, barite and drilling mud) from an aqueous fluid such as produced in well systems during cleaning operations before placement of packer brines. A small effective amount of an alcohol, and a surface active chemical aid, are thoroughly intermixed into the aqueous fluid. The concentration and/or composition of the alcohol and/or surface active chemical aid is adjusted to control agglomeration of the insoluble solids and then to settle, float or suspend same in the aqueous fluid. After the solids agglomerate, the solids are separated in a quiescent separation zone from the fluid by decantation, flotation or filtration, respectively.

Abstract: A developing or peeling solution for developing or imagewisely peeling an alkali-type photosensitive film containing a suspension of released photosensitive film is regenerated by introducing one or more reagents and a gas for depositing the suspension in floating state and removing the floated deposit by a skimmer from the developing or peeling solution, while a part or whole of the resulting treated solution is taken out of the system.

Abstract: A developing or peeling solution for developing or imagewisely peeling an alkali-type photosensitive film containing a suspension of released photosensitive film is regenerated by introducing one or more reagents and a gas for depositing the suspension in floating state and removing the floated deposit by a skimmer from the developing or peeling solution. The regenerated developing or peeling solution can be used again and again for the development or peeling.

Abstract: Polysaccharide gums, such as guar gum, are removed from an aqueous liquid by agglomerating the gum with a low molecular weight, water-soluble copolymer of styrene and maleic anhydride and separating the agglomerate from the aqueous liquid.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for removing foreign matter and tramp oil from a continuously recirculating metal working fluid. The process includes the use of saturated dissolved air flotation which, contrary to prior belief, is able to effectively remove the foreign matter and tramp oil in a quiescent manner with little or no foaming and without removing or harming any emulsions present in the metal working fluid. The process further includes the use of water soluble organic cationic and anionic polyelectrolytes where desired to flocculate the foreign matter and tramp oil to enhance their removal from the metal working fluid and a process by which the formation of foam at or near the surface of the metal working fluid being clarified is able to be suppressed.

Abstract: A process for removing color, turbidity, flavor, and odor from impure, high Brix, sugar syrup involves entrapping the sugar impurities in an insoluble, primary calcium phosphate or aluminum hydroxide floc at about neutral pH, dividing the sugar syrup into a small portion and a large portion, aerating the small portion of the syrup at a specific Brix, recombining the small portion and the large portion, adding a polyelectrolyte to convert the primary floc into a secondary floc to which the air bubbles easily adhere and to cause flotation of said secondary floc, thus forming a scum mat at the top of the vessel. The purified sugar syrup is then filtered with or without activated carbon and small amounts of a filter aid to produce a sugar syrup with substantially reduced color, turbidity, flavor, and odor. The sugar in the scum is recovered by mixing it with water and allowing a second flotation to take place without any further aeration or chemicals addition.

Abstract: Flotation aids and a process for the flotation of non-sulfidic minerals. The flotation aids have the formula ##STR1## wherein R repesents an aliphatic, cyclic, or alicyclic C.sub.7 -C.sub.23 radical, optionally substituted with one or more hydroxyl, sulfhydryl, carbonyl, ether, or thioether groups; X.sup.n+ is hydrogen or a water-solubilizing, salt-forming cation; and n is the valence of X. The invention also relates to ore suspensions and mineral concentrates in association with the above flotation aids.