Abstract: A method for preventing or breaking oil and water mixtures comprising adding thereto a branched reaction product of A) at least one linking compound of formula I R1(X)3  (I) wherein each X group is a halogen atom or one X group is a halogen atom and two X groups with two adjacent carbon atoms in the R1 group and an oxygen atom from an epoxy group, and R1 is an alkanetriyl group containing from 3 to 10 carbon atoms; B) at least one compound of formula II and/or formula III R2(OA)nOH  (II) wherein R2 is an aliphatic group containing from 3 to 36 carbon atoms, n is a number of from 0 to 200, and each OA group is independently an ethyleneoxy, 1,2-propyleneoxy, or 1,2-butyleneoxy group.

Abstract: The chemical demulsifier formulation has the formula: wherein R1 is H or an alkoxide of from 5 to about 20 carbon atoms; x is an integer of from about 8 to about 22 when R1 is hydrogen and from about 2 to about 5 when R1 is alkoxide; R2 is independently selected from H, (CH2CH2O)mH; R3 is independently selected from H, (CH2CH2O)nH, and (CH2CH(CH3)O)nH; m and n are integers from 1 to 50; and y and z are integers ranging from 2 to 10.

Abstract: A method and a device for dehydrating a heavy oil wherein an emulsion of water and a heavy oil is mixed in a stirring chamber together with a suitable amount of an emulsion breaker, the mixture is subjected to separation in a two-phase separation tank to a heavy oil-rich component and a water-rich component, the heavy oil-rich component is then fed to a dehydrator of a high voltage charge type in which separation to a dehydrated heavy oil and a water-rich component is effected, the water-rich component fractions supplied from the two-phase separation tank and the dehydrator are mixed in a pipeline, the mixture thus obtained is admixed with an O/W emulsion breaker and then, fed to a stirring chamber and finally separated to a heavy oil-containing component and a heavy oil-free water layer in a second separation chamber.

Abstract: A method has been discovered for removing organics, such as water soluble organics (WSO), from fluids containing water, such as oil process water, by contacting the fluid with an effective amount of an organic ammonium salt. No added acid is necessary, although in some embodiments, weak acids such as glycolic acid, can be used to give synergistic improvement in organic removal. Suitable organic ammonium salts have the formula:R.sup.1 R.sup.2 R.sup.3 N.sup.+ H X.sup.-where R.sup.1 is a saturated or unsaturated alkyl group or an aryl group, or saturated or unsaturated alkyl group or an aryl group substituted with a heteroatom selected from the group consisting of N, O, S, P and halogen; R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 are independently H or a saturated or unsaturated alkyl group or an aryl group, or saturated or unsaturated alkyl group or an aryl group substituted with a heteroatom selected from the group consisting of N, O, S, P and halogen; and X is a halogen atom or an anion of a protic acid.

Abstract: A composition comprising an oxyalkylated phenol-aldehyde resin and an acrylic acid component wherein the ratio by weight of oxyalkylated phenol-aldehyde resin to an acrylic acid component is in the range of from about 0.2:1 to about 4:1 is disclosed. The thus-obtained composition is employed in a process for demulsifying an oil and water emulsion which comprises adding the composition to the oil and water emulsion to thereby form a mixture and permitting a phase separation to occur, by known methods, e.g. settling, to thereby produce a hydrocarbon phase and a water phase. In an alternative embodiment, a process for emulsifying an oil and water emulsion which comprises adding an oxyalkylated phenol-aldehyde resin and an acrylic acid component to the oil and water emulsion to thereby form a mixture and permitting a phase separation to occur to thereby produce a hydrocarbon phase and a water phase is disclosed.

Abstract: A method for resolving an oil-and-water emulsion is disclosed. The method comprises adding to the emulsion (1) if the emulsion does not contain a desirably high concentration of polyvalent metal cations of at least one part per million by weight, an amount of polyvalent metal cations sufficient to result in the desirably polyvalent metal cation concentration in the emulsion, and (2) an effective demulsifying amount of a combination of a terminating agent that is either a non-emulsifying hydrotrope composition or a coupling agent, and a composition comprising a polydithiocarbamate compound comprising at least two groups represented by the formula --(OR.sup.1).sub.X NHC(:S)SR.sup.2, wherein R.sup.1 represents an alkylene group of 1 to 30 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 represents an alkali or alkaline earth metal group or an ammonium group; and x represents an integer of from 1 to about 250 independently selected for each of such groups such that the total of the integers x is, on average, from 3 to about 250.

Abstract: Methods for removing suspended particles from a solution are disclosed. These methods generally comprise adding to the solution to be treated an effective amount of a composition comprising a Mannich derivatized polyether. The polyether is generally described as the condensation polymer of Mannich derivatized bisphenol and a difunctional monomer. The methods have broad application in a wide variety of industries and are effective in removal of all types of suspended particles even when numerous types of particles are contained within the same solution.

Abstract: Improved performance in the phase separation of aqueous brines from hydrocarbons within an electrostatic desalter operation is obtained by the addition to the crude oil emulsions entering the desalter of an effective asphaltene dispersing amount of an alkyl phenol-formaldehyde liquid resin polymer, optionally in the presence of a lipophilic/hydrophilic vinylic polymer. The preferred resin is a nonyl phenol-formaldehyde resin having a molecular weight of from 1,000-20,000, and the preferred vinylic polymer is a copolymer of lauryl (meth)acrylate and hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylate. Best results from the electrostatic desalter are obtained when also using a demulsifier chemical treatment along with the asphaltene dispersing treatments. Desalter efficiency is increased and desalter brine effluent quality is greatly increased.

Abstract: A process is disclosed which involves removing hydrocarbons, arsenic and mercury from wastewater produced in oil and gas fields. An oxidant, ferric ions, and flocculent are sequentially added to the wastewater to form a removable sludge containing the arsenic, hydrocarbon, and mercury contaminants. The Oxidation-Reduction Potential of the wastewater is controlled by oxidant addition to allow the required arsenic oxidation to occur while maintaining the mercury in elemental form. The process requires relatively short residence times between chemical additions and provides for large wastewater throughputs. The cleaned wastewater is suitable for discharge to the environment.

Abstract: A treatment process for recovering protein, fatty and water component products from a float material produced by a waste water treatment system, wherein the protein and fatty components possess improved stability and are suitable for further processing for inclusion in various products, such as animal feed. The recovered water component can also be further processed before discharge into a sewer system.

Abstract: An aqueous composition containing an amine oxide surfactant, and preferably containing an amine oxide surfactant and enzymes, is added to crude oil, preferably by injecting the composition into the oil well, or adding the composition to pipelines or tankage containing the oil. An acid can also be used in conjunction with the composition. The composition acts to remove hydrocarbon contamination, from the well bore and mechanical components and further serves to break up the oil/water/sludge emulsion being delivered from the well head to facilitate separation of the oil. When used with an acid, the composition increases the effectiveness of the acid in removing inorganic contamination.

Abstract: This disclosure sets out a metal salt removal procedure for use with a crude oil flow. A small amount of water is injected to form water bubbles surrounded by oil. An ethylene oxide reacted with polypropylene glycol at 350.degree. F. or so yields a water soluble demulsifier added at the rate of a few ppm to the water in oil mix. The added reaction product, a polyol enables metal salt isolation in the water.

Abstract: Emulsions containing dense gas, liquid and a surfactant which may have been used for extraction of a solute from a substance or for other purposes are demulsified by passage through a membrane contactor. An emulsion flow path in the contactor is separated from a dense gas and surfactant flow path by membrane having pores which enable passage of the dense gas and surfactant constituents of the emulsion through the membrane while inhibiting passage of the liquid and any solute which may be therein. The membrane may be a plurality of hollow fibers. A portion of the recovered dense gas may be vaporized, temperature adjusted and be repressurized and be redirected into the dense gas and surfactant flow path to increase processing rate. Recovered dense gas and surfactant may be returned to the emulsion source for reuse therein.

Abstract: A new process for simultaneous extraction of dispersed and dissolved hydrocarbon contaminants from water. The process is based on the principle of injecting natural hydrocarbon gas to the water feed stream under pressure and temperature conditions which permit the gas to act as a solvent for dissolved and dispersed hydrocarbon contaminants. The dispersed particles "swell" and have a reduced density which markedly improves the efficiency of the downstream separation by liquid--liquid-hydrocyclones.

Abstract: The present invention is a process for reclaiming and recycling oil/water mixtures. These mixtures are preferably hot or cold rolling oils for aluminum manufacturing operations. When used, the rolling oils contain organometallic particles and have less constituents than the unused oils. The present process enables the valuable portion of the oil to be reused by passing through an acid wash and a reconstitution process.

Abstract: A process for resolving even tightly emulsified oil, water and solid emulsions by the application of a sheer force sufficient to break the emulsion. In one particular application, a tank bottom sludge produced in the petroleum industry is treated with the shear force of a bal or roller mill into the emulsion is broken. Simultaneous reduction in the particle size of the solids occurs. This process produces a commercial grade oil, water and an aqueous slurry of solids devoid of oily compounds. The oil-free solid phase produced thereby is suited for use in a coker quench stream.

Abstract: A method for dehydrating a waste hydrocarbon sludge, includes the steps of: (a) providing a waste hydrocarbon sludge in the form of an emulsion of water and oil having a water content greater than or equal to about 10% vol; (b) providing a solution of a clarifying agent in formation water; (c) mixing the waste hydrocarbon sludge with the solution so as to provide a sludge-water mixture having a ratio of water to hydrocarbon of at least about 1:1; (d) adding a demulsifier to the sludge-water mixture to provide a sludge-water-demulsifier mixture; (e) heating the sludge-water-demulsifier mixture to a sufficient temperature and holding for a time sufficient to provide a hydrocarbon phase having a water content of less than or equal to about 1% vol.

Abstract: A method for removing emulsified oil from industrial waste water streams utilizing dispersion copolymers is disclosed. Preferred dispersion copolymers are poly(dimethylaminoethylacrylate methyl chloride quaternary salt/acrylamide) and poly (diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride/acrylamide).

Abstract: A method for accelerating the treatment of chemical wastes, particularly recalcitrant wastes such as spent caustic, from the oil, gas, chemical, and petrochemical industries, in which normally slow physical mass transfer of different fluid phases, as well as other chemical reactions, are facilitated. The method involves mixing together the different fluid phases and delivering the mixture to a reaction vessel in the form of an aerosol and froth which provides a large surface area between the phases. The aerosol and froth mixture is maintained and replenished for a period of time sufficient to effect mass transfer and stripping of the contaminants to a selected level of completion. The method enables the provision of more environmentally acceptable wastes for disposal.

Abstract: A method for resolving an oil-and-water emulsion is disclosed. The method comprises adding to the emulsion (1) if the emulsion does not contain a desirably high concentration of polyvalent metal cations of at least one part per million by weight, an amount of polyvalent metal cations sufficient to result in the desirably polyvalent metal cation concentration in the emulsion, and (2) an effective demulsifying amount of a combination of a terminating agent that is either a non-emulsifying hydrotrope composition or a coupling agent, and a composition comprising a polydithiocarbamate compound comprising at least two groups represented by the formula --(OR.sup.1).sub.x NHC(:S)SR.sup.2, wherein R.sup.1 represents an alkylene group of 1 to 30 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 represents an alkali or alkaline earth metal group or an ammonium group; and x represents an integer of from 1 to about 250 independently selected for each of such groups such that the total of the integers x is, on average, from 3 to about 250.

Abstract: A method for in situ anaerobic dehalogenation of a halogenated organic compound in a groundwater plume reduces or prevents indigenous aerobic microorganisms from competing for a supplied electron donor with an anaerobic microorganism that reductively dehalogenates the organic compound when an electron donor is available. The method includes the step of injecting in situ into a groundwater-saturated matrix within or upgradient of a source of the organic compound a deoxygenated aqueous solution that comprises an electron donor to facilitate reductive dehalogenation of the organic compound.

Abstract: A method and a device for dehydrating a heavy oil wherein an emulsion of water and a heavy oil is mixed in a stirring chamber together with a suitable amount of an emulsion breaker, the mixture is subjected to separation in a two-phase separation tank to a heavy oil-rich component and a water-rich component, the heavy oil-rich component is then fed to a dehydrator of a high voltage charge type in which separation to a dehydrated heavy oil and a water-rich component is effected, the water-rich component fractions supplied from the two-phase separation tank and the dehydrator are mixed in a pipeline, the mixture thus obtained is admixed with an O/W emulsion breaker and then, fed to a stirring chamber and finally separated to a heavy oil-containing component and a heavy oil-free water layer in a second separation chamber.

Abstract: This invention relates to a device for the separation of oil from water containing impurities in industries, waste plants, ships or the like.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for treating waste water to generate clarified water for reuse in industrial processes which includes the steps of adding agents to the waste stream to generate floccules, aerating the waste stream to cause a portion of the floccules to float, decanting floating floccules and lighter than water immiscible pollutants from the top surface of the waste stream, directing the waste stream through an incline clarifier so as to permit heavier than water floccules to form sludge in a bottom region of the clarifier. Sludge and decanted pollutants are sent to a bioremediation tank where hydrocarbons are decomposed and the remaining sludge is dewatered and compacted to a solid condition for disposal in a public waste facility. The clarified water is transferred to a steam generator or pressurized water delivery system for reuse. The invention is particularly useful for equipment cleaning operations such as in truckyards or airports.

Abstract: An efficient method of separating a first material from a second material in a fluid mixture is provided. The fluid mixture of interest is caused to flow through two different sonic wave fields. In one field, the sonic waves travel in a direction perpendicular to the direction of flow of the fluid mixture. In the other field, the sonic waves travel in a direction parallel to the direction of flow of the fluid mixture. The overall effect of the sonic waves in these two fields is to irreversibly break any molecular bonding between a substantial portion of a first material and a second material in the fluid mixture. In one embodiment, the perpendicular-directed sonic waves are cavitation waves and the parallel-directed sonic waves are standing waves.

Abstract: A method for on line recovery of oil from an oil in water emulsion spilled in water includes the steps of: obtaining a stream of recovered material including an oil in water emulsion and water; injecting a gas into the stream and applying shear so as to provide an injected mixture wherein oil from the oil in water emulsion is adhered to bubbles of the gas; passing the injected mixture to a flotation compartment for allowing the oil adhered to the bubbles to rise to a surface of the injected mixture; and removing the oil from the surface of the injected mixture.

Abstract: A method for on line recovery of oil from an oil in water emulsion spilled in water includes the steps of: obtaining a stream of recovered material including an oil in water emulsion and water; inducing a gas into the stream and applying shear so as to provide a mixture wherein oil from the oil in water emulsion is adhered to bubbles of the gas; passing the mixture to a flotation compartment for allowing the oil adhered to the bubbles to rise to a surface of the mixture; and removing the oil from the surface of the mixture.

Abstract: A method of breaking oil-in-water and water-in-oil emulsions in crude oil processing systems in which copolymers incorporating a hydrophilic cationic monomer subunit and a lipophilic nonionic monomer subunit or dispersions or emulsions of cationic polymers and obverse demulsifiers are employed.

Abstract: A nonionic surfactant having cyclic 1,3-dioxane and/or 1,3-dioxolane functionality which is irreversibly splittable by lowering the pH of its aqueous solution is useful in various processes requiring the removal of emulsified hydrophobic contaminants or other hydrophobic materials from an aqueous stream. After splitting of the surfactant into its component aldehyde and polyol, the hydrophobic components phase-separate and can be removed from the aqueous stream by routine means.

Abstract: Method and equipment for purification of a liquid, where the liquid is polluted by other liquids or solid material, e.g. removing oil from oil contamined water, comprising a flocculation device (2) and a flotation device (8). The method comprises adding one or more chemicals to the liquid in a flocculation device that comprises one or more pipe loops (2) with built-in agitators (3, 20, 21) providing turbulence and plug-type flow through the loop. Thereupon purified liquid and pollutants are separated in the flotation device or in a sedimentation device (8). The equipment according to the invention comprises a pipe loop (2), provided with built-in agitator(s) (3, 20, 21), connected to the flotation device (8).

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for binding emulsified resin and tar substances in circulating water of a wet-cleaning and wet precipitation system for waste gas produced in the wood industry. Wood dust is metered into the circulating water and receives the emulsified substances adsorptively. The wood dust is removed from the water circulation path and sedimented.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of purifying contaminated degreasing liquids including (a) adding a collection polymer or polymer mixture forming two phases to the degreasing liquid; (b) mixing the collection polymer with the degreasing liquid; (c) separating the collection polymer and the degreasing liquid gravimetrically, whereby the collection polymer and the major part of the contaminants form a hydrophobic bottom phase and the degreasing agent forms a hydrophilic top phase; (d) removing the bottom phase; and (e) reusing the top phase directly or for further processing.

Abstract: A method and improvement for extracting free or "tramp" oil from an oil contaminated fluid wherein oil contaminated fluid entering an oil separator is injected with a fraction of free oil. Coalescence of minute oil globules within the inlet stream is significantly enhanced thereby improving oil separation.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for breaking emulsions using magnetic fields to promote magnetostatic coalescence. The method includes use of a magnetic additive soluble or dispersable in the dispersed phase of the emulsion and a second additive for promoting coalescence of the dispersed phase droplets when acted on by a magnetic field. The apparatus includes a continuously operating high gradient magnetic coalescer having a plurality of magnetic elements therein oriented vertically which are magnetized transverse to their lengths for treating emulsions containing large amounts of internal phase. The magnetized elements serve to attract droplets of the internal phase to their surfaces, where they coalesce under magnetic compression force, and to provide a pathway for drainage of the coalesced droplets from the separator. Additionally the apparatus includes a magnetic field assisted settler for treating emulsions with intermediate water content.

Abstract: The invention involves the demulsification and liquefaction of hydrocarbon based sludges. A demulsifier and a liquefaction agent and methods of using the same are disclosed. In a preferred embodiment, the demulsifier contains a salt of DDBSA, polypropylene glycol, and citrene. In a preferred embodiment, the liquefaction agent contains a glycol ether and sodium silicate. In another preferred embodiment, the liquefaction agent contains a glycol ether and citrene. In preferred practice, the sludge is treated with the liquefaction agent, circulated, treated with the demulsifier, and circulated further. An object of the invention is to provide a hydrocarbon based sludge that is sufficiently liquefied to be pumped and which is sufficiently demulsified to allow the waters, oils, and solids in the sludge to separate.

Abstract: Hydrophobic material is selectively separated from an aqueous feed by forming gas bubbles in a flow of the feed, forming hydrophobic material/gas bubbles aggregates by motionless mixing and separating the aggregates as a froth by use of centrifugal action.

Abstract: Oil well production fluid composed of oil and water and containing in excess of 100 ppm water soluble petroleum carboxylates in anionic form dissolved in the water is treated by acidifying the fluid to a pH of 6.0 or lower with a combination of a strong organic acid and a strong mineral acid and then is intimately mixed. The oil and water are separated one from the other. The content of the water soluble organics in the water is thereby substantially transferred to the oil phase. In a second aspect of the invention, water used to extract corrosive compounds to render the oil suitable for fueling gas turbine power plants is acidified to a pH of 6.0 or lower and is thereafter intimately mixed with fuel oil.

Abstract: A method for reducing the COD of water containing an emulsion of organic material in water. The emulsion contains insoluble organic material and a surfactant. The COD is reduced by mixing a cationic polymer flocculent with the water and maintaining the temperature at from 37.degree. C. to 95.degree. C. for a sufficient length of time for an organic phase and water with reduced COD to form.

Abstract: A cleaning method for removing oils, grease, machining debris and like substances from machine parts and other objects includes a wash tank containing a wash solution, rinse tanks for rinsing the washed objects, and an oil separator containing a concentrated detergent solution for separating oil and detergent in the used wash solution from each other. The separated detergent is returned to the wash tank for further parts cleaning, and the separated oil may be reused for machining purposes. The apparatus automatically maintains the liquid in the wash tank and rinse tanks in an effective condition to satisfactorily clean oily objects.

Abstract: Tannin containing polymers, their method of production and methods of using as water treatment agents are disclosed. The polymers are aldehyde-free and comprise copolymers of tannin and a cationic monomer. Another embodiment comprises aldehyde-free polymers of tannin, cationic monomer and at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of an anionic monomer and a nonionic monomer.

Abstract: There is provided a composition comprising tannin containing hydroxyl groups which has been (a) chemically modified by reaction of at least one of said hydroxyl groups with at least one member selected from the group consisting of an esterification agent (e.g. acetic anhydride), etherification agent (e.g. dichloromethane or quaternary organic amine such as N-(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride) to form the corresponding ester, or ether, through said hydroxyl group, and (b) derivatized. The chemically modified tannin is derivatized by reaction with aldehyhde (e.g. formaldehyde), or aldehyde and at least one member selected from the group consisting of ammonia and organic amine containing at least one primary or secondary nitrogen (e.g. cyclohexyl amine); said derivatized tannin being water soluble or dispersable at a pH below 7 and water insoluble at a pH above 7.

Abstract: Flotation apparatus (10) for removing finely divided bodies of an insoluble substance dispersed in an aqueous medium, such as oil and solids dispersed in water, comprises a vertical flotation column (12) having a feed inlet (14) and an outlet (22) for the aqueous medium, a sparging system (16) for generating gas bubbles rising upwardly in the aqueous medium to capture and raise the finely divided bodies of the insoluble substance to the surface of the aqueous medium in the column to form a layer (31) of the insoluble substance on the surface of the aqueous medium, a launder (18) for receiving an overflow of the insoluble substance and an outlet (20) for the insoluble substance in the launder. The apparatus (10) can be used in both countercurrent and co-current fashion. In a particular embodiment, the apparatus includes a mechanism for the intermittent dumping of the layer (31) of insoluble substance from the column (12).

Abstract: Disclosed is an oil separating method in which oil-contaminated water in a separation tank is mixed with air bubbles in a bubble-generating apparatus provided at the bottom of the separation tank to jet out said air-water mixture into the separation tank,wherein a surfactant and/or an antifoamer are(is) previously added to the oil-contaminated water.

Abstract: An improved method of removing water soluble organics from produced water is disclosed. In the method, a chemical, selected from the group consisting of sodium bisulfite, hydroxylamine hydrochloride, tallow amine, acetic acid, and combinations thereof, is added to the water in an amount sufficient to adjust the pH of the water to about 6.0 to 6.5. Water soluble organics then separate out from the water for easy removal by conventional phase separation techniques.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for removing contaminants from waste water directs the waste water through a first magnetic field. An ionic polymer is introduced into the waste water after the waste water passes through the first magnetic field, whereby at least some contaminants flocculate. Flocculated contaminants are separated from the waste water so as to form a waste water effluent. An oxidizing agent is introduced into the waste water effluent and the waste water and the oxidizing agent are directed through a second magnetic. The waste water is directed through a weir into a trough open to the atmosphere. Air is injected into the trough so that at least one gas within the waste water combines with the air injected into the waste water. The combined air and gas floats to the surface of the waste water and is expelled into the atmosphere. Foam is removed from the waste water in the trough.

Abstract: A treated solvent composition for washing mechanical parts or the like. The solvent contains not more than about 25% aromatic solvents with the balance being aliphatic and other non-aromatic solvents having a flashpoint of at least 100.degree. F. The solvent is treated with up to 10 parts of an additive composition selected from the group consisting of C.sub.14 and lower alcohols, diols, polyols, lower glycols, and lower glycol ethers and mixtures thereof. In use, finely dispersed contaminant particles settle from the body of the solvent more rapidly than in untreated solvent and the resulting clarified appearance enables the solvent to be used longer and more effectively in a cleaning operation.

Abstract: Compositions of an non-alkkoxylated alkylphenol-formaldehyde resin and poly(alkylene glycol) are effective at breaking water-in-oil emulsions in a liquid hydrocarbon. Preferably, the composition is employed in a crude oil desalting system.

Abstract: Water is separated from crude oil by a process in which the oil demulsifier used is a mixture ofA) compounds which have demulsifying activity and are of the structure type of the(a) polyethyleneimine alkoxylate,(b) mono- or oligoamine alkoxylate,(c) alkoxylated alkylphenol/formaldehyde resins,(d) alkoxylated amine-modified alkylphenol/formaldehyde resins,(e) co- or terpolymers of alkoxylated acrylates or methacrylates with vinyl compounds,(f) condensates of mono- or oligoamine alkoxylates, dicarboxylic acids and alkylene oxide block copolymers, where these condensates may furthermore be completely or partially quaternized at the nitrogen atoms, or(g) compounds (a) to (f) reacted with crosslinking agents andB) as a demulsifying assistant, a polyalkylene glycol ether which has no demulsifying activity and is of the general formula I or IIR.sup.1 ?(OA.sup.1).sub.a --OH!.sub.n (I)H--(OA.sup.1).sub.b --(OA.sup.2).sub.c --(OA.sup.3).sub.d --OH(II)whereR.sup.1 is a monovalent to decavalent C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: A process for preparing an aqueous solution of an ionic copolymer having a copolymer concentration of 20 % by weight or less and a viscosity of 20 ps or more at 25.degree. C. which comprises conducting copolymerization of an acrylamide compound(B) with a diallylamine compound(A) by continuously adding an aqueous solution of (B) having a concentration of 30% by weight or less to an aqueous solution of the diallylamine compound(A) having a concentration of 5% by weight or more and less than 10% by weight, and this process exhibit high conversion of diallylamine compounds, of which reactivity is low, and a copolymer having a high molecular weight can be obtained.

Abstract: Emulsified oil contained in oil-in-water emulsions is removed from waste water by mixing cationic polyacrylamide high polymers with the waste water, forming oil-containing aggregations and separating the aggregations from the demulsified water. The demulsified water can then be more effectively polished, typically by contact with adsorbent particles, and subsequently passed to environmentally acceptable disposal locations.