Abstract: The narrow poly- or mono-dispersed oligomers of the present invention are polyureas, polycarbonates, polyesters or polyamides having a recurring unit of from 3 to 50. These oligomers are water-soluble, preferably have a rigid backbone, have recurring units coupled by carbonyl linking moities which have anionic groups, display predominantly linear geometry such that regular spacing between anionic groups exists in an aqueous medium, and are pharmaceutically-acceptable. The narrow poly- or mono-dispersed oligomers are useful for the treatment and/or diagnosis of AIDS and/or ARC or HSV.

Abstract: Disclosed is a primary chromatographic support containing an immobilized flocculating agent for use as a separation media for a secondary support consisting of microparticles used in affinity separation and heterogeneous immunoassays. In a specific embodiment, a flocculating agent such as polyethyleneimine is immobilized on a chromatographic resin packed in a column. The column so formed is then used to trap microparticles having an affinity ligand or binder for the ligand affixed thereon. Such microparticles are used as a solid support for the affinity reaction involved in a variety of immunoassay formats.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the purification of a polluted aqueous effluent to obtain an overall reduction in its chemical oxygen demand. The aqueous effluent is introduced into a reactor. Added to the reactor is a reagent comprising an agent supplying active alumina and lime. The reaction forms mineral sludge and an effluent. The mineral sludge and supernatant effluent are then extracted by decantation or filtration.

Abstract: A novel organophilic clay gellant comprising the reaction product of:(a) a smectite clay having a cation exchange capacity of at least 75 milliequivalents per 100 grams of natural clay without impurities;(b) a first organic cation in an amount of from about 75% to about 150% of the cation exchange capacity of the smectite clay;(c) a second organic cation provided by a polyalkoxylated quaternary ammonium salt; and(d) one or more organic anion(s) that is capable of reacting with said first and second organic cations, to form an organic cation-organic anion complex with said smectite clay.The organophilic clay gellant is used in a non-aqueous fluid system such as paints, inks, and coatings to provide improved theological properties.

Abstract: A method of removing suspended solids from drilling fluid includes preparing a dilute solution of flocculant and water, delivering a batch of the drilling fluid into the solution and agitating the mixture. The solids flocculate and then separate readily leaving a generally clear water layer on top of a solids layer. The solids are removed from the mixture by delivering them to a solids-liquid separator such as a shale shaker where the solids are discarded and the water is reclaimed and reused. Preferably, drilling mud is treated to remove solids while a well is being drilled and the reclaimed water is used in subsequent drilling operations.

Abstract: Disclosed is a primary chromatographic support containing an immobilized flocculating agent for use as a separation media for a secondary support consisting of microparticles used in affinity separation and heterogeneous immunoassays. In a specific embodiment, a flocculating agent such as polyethyleneimine is immobilized on a chromatographic resin packed in a column. The column so formed is then used to trap microparticles having an affinity ligand or binder for the ligand affixed thereon. Such microparticles are used as a solid support for the affinity reaction involved in a variety of immunoassay formats.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for recrystallizing materials that are ordinarily difficult-to-comminute. The process utilizes supercritical fluids and gasses at conditions near their respective vapor pressures which have the ability to dissolve in and expand liquid solutions. The process has been shown to be particularly effective at separating HMX and RDX thereby resulting in a precipitate of RDX which is essentially free of HMX.

Abstract: Colloidal matter is removed from a fluid flow by first adsorbing a coagulant onto the surface of a finely divided filter media, and thereafter passing a colloid-containing fluid through the filter media. The adsorbing of coagulant is accomplished with the filter off-line, and it is returned on-line for filtering of the fluid. After the coagulant is adsorbed onto the filter media, it is not necessary to continue feeding coagulant during on-line operation, as the adsorbed coagulant captures the colloidal matter in the fluid and retains it on the surface of the filter media. The captured colloidal matter is removed during back washing of the filter media.

Abstract: Water-soluble, high molecular weight, polymeric, microparticles with a high degree of branching are disclosed. A microemulsion polymerization process for preparing the microparticles is also disclosed. The microparticles give excellent results in a number of solid-liquid separation processes.

Abstract: An aqueous solution of sodium borohydride, sodium hydroxide, and an anionic polymer is useful for the reduction and separation of metals in wastewater and it is hydrolytically stable for a period of six months. It may also contain an alkali metal aluminate or alum. Thus, a one-package treatment of wastewater is provided by the invention described herein.

Abstract: An apparatus for separating isoanalytes and measuring analytes in fluids includes a two-chambered filtration device having a filter positioned parallel to the majority flow of fluids. The apparatus uses continuous flow filtration to separate one component from other fluid components.An alternative apparatus for separating isoanalytes and measuring analytes in fluids includes a reaction chamber which uses intermittent flow filtration with a piston/valve assembly to separate one component from other fluid components.A method for separating isoanalytes and measuring analytes in fluids comprises the steps of: mixing a fluid sample and a precipitating reagent; directing the mixture to a filtration device; adding a color reagent; directing the filtrate to an analyzer; replacing the fluid sample with a wash solution; and replacing the precipitating reagent with a cleaning solution.

Abstract: An organophilic clay comprising the reaction product of:(a) a smectite-type clay;(b) a first organic cation in an amount of from about 75% to about 150% of the cation exchange capacity of the smectite-type clay; and(c) a second organic cation provided by a polyalkoxylated quaternary ammonium salt; wherein the second organic cation is present in an amount of from about 0.01% to about 20% by weight of the total organic cation content.

Abstract: A chemical process for selectively removing organometallic compounds from water supplies. The process utilizes a combination of a transition metal selected from the group consisting of nickel, copper, iron and zinc, and an electropositive metal selected from the group consisting of magnesium and aluminum to effectively remove organometallic compounds from water whether present in ionic or non-ionic form.

Abstract: Disclosed is a primary chromatographic support containing an immobilized flocculating agent for use as a separation media for a secondary support consisting of microparticles used in affinity separation and heterogeneous immunoassays. In a specific embodiment, a flocculating agent such as polyethyleneimine is immobilized on a chromatographic resin packed in a column. The column so formed is then used to trap microparticles having an affinity ligand or binder for the ligand affixed thereon. Such microparticles are used as a solid support for the affinity reaction involved in a variety of immunoassay formats.

Abstract: A composition for the detackification and clarification of acid and alkaline paint and lacquer waste waters and paint spray booth wastes, comprising:an inorganic-organic and/or organic adduct alloy polymer composition having the formula:A.multidot.B.sup.+ .multidot.D.sup.+wherein:A=[(SiO.sub.2 /Me.sup.I.sub.2 O).sub.u Me.sup.II.sub.m Me.sub.m.sup.III(OH) p.sup.(SO 4.sup.) y.sup.(Aci) (2m+3n)-p-2y].sub.4wherer=1 to 98% bw;u=0 to 10% bw; ##STR1## where: x=0 to 98% bw; Z is a divalent substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, heterocyclic or aromatic radicalD.sup.+ (PQAM).sub.wwherew=2 to 98% b.w. of polyquaternized polymer (PQAM)Me.sub.m.sup.II is selected from the divalent cationic group comprising: Mg, Zn, Ca, and Fe.sup.2+m=0 to 5Me.sub.n.sup.III is a tri-or more valent metal selected from the group comprising: Fe, Al, and Al-Zn complexes;n=1 to 20Aci is selected from the monovalent anionic group comprising Cl.sup.-, Br.sup.-, I.sup.-, NO.sub.3 --, H.sub.2 PO.sub.4 --, CH.sub.3 COO.sup.-, OH.

Abstract: A blood washing device is employed for recovering shed blood or other sources of blood and preparing packed red cells therefrom. The device employs a gravity sedimentation procedure but achieves a shortened washing period by using an aggregating reagent for aggregating or agglomerating the red cells so as to increase their sedimentation velocity during the gravity sedimentation. The wash period is further shortened by employing a vessel with a flat shallow configuration for shortening the sedimentation path length of the aggregated red cells. A non-turbulant removal of the resultant broad shallow layer of sedimented red cells is achieved by carefully tilting the vessel after the sedimentation step so as to induce the sedimented red cells to slide or shift into a funnel configuration within the vessel. After the red cells have shifted into a funnel configuration, they are allowed to stand in that configuration so as undergo further concentration.

Abstract: This invention concerns a method for precipitating polymers from a liquid using at least one precipitant fluid, including a feed line, a nozzle plate having at least one outlet orifice for a polymer containing fluid with the outlet orifice communicating with the feed line, at least one nozzle for at least one precipitant fluid, the axis of which is arranged approximately perpendicularly to the axis of the outlet orifice, a precipitation chamber positioned on the side of the nozzle plate wherein at least one nozzle for at least one precipitant fluid is located, a discharge line for discharging a mixture which contains the precipitated polymer and a degassing chamber which is connected to the discharge line.

Abstract: Method of processing water including bath water and water employed in air treatment plants, which is conveyed in a circuit containing a contaminating point and a processing plant, the water exiting the contaminating point being contaminated water having a redox potential which is measurable and the method including, in the order recited, continuously measuring the redox potential of the contaminated water at the inlet of the processing plant; introducing into the contaminated water an auxiliary processing agent which is a mixture including a flocculating agent which promotes deposition of corpuscular pollutants and a halide which reduces ozone and disinfects the contaminated water as a function of the redox potential in such a way that the auxiliary processing agent is introduced in proportion to a drop in the redox potential; treating the water with ozone from an ozone generator in a spatial region defined within the processing plant and forming flocks including the corpuscular pollutants; and filtering the

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel method for coagulating waterborne paints in paint spray booth recirculating water. The coagulant aid comprises a polynucleate hydroxy silicate-sulphate compound (hereinafter PASS) having the following average composition of the general formula:Al(OH).sub.B (SO.sub.4).sub.C (SiO.sub.X).sub.D (H.sub.2 O).sub.Ewherein B ranges from 0.75 to 2.0; C ranges from 0.30 to 1.12; D ranges from 0.005 to 0.1; X is greater than 2.0 but less or equal to 4.0 such that3=B+2C+2D(X-2)E is 1.5 to 4 when the product is in solid form; and E is larger than 4 when the product is in aqueous form, which may optionally be used together with alum or a mixture of alum and a polyamine. The coagulant aids of this invention may also be used advantageously with detackifying agents to simultaneously detackify and coagulate solvent based paint particles.

Abstract: Novel basic aluminum chlorosulfate solutions, having a basicity ranging from 45% to 70% and wherein more than 80% of the SO.sub.4.sup.2- values are complexed, prepared, e.g., by reacting calcium carbonate with a chlorosulfuric solution of aluminum, are useful coagulating and flocculating agents for the removal of impurities from aqueous media, notably to prepare potable water therefrom; the water thus treated contains but trace amounts of residual aluminum values.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for recovering nickel from industrial effluents, characterized in thata) the effluent loaded with nickel is allowed to settle in a corrugated-plate separator (1) for the removal of solid constituents contained therein,b) a flocculant is added and the mixture is neutralized with alkali or mineral acid,c) after flocculation, the mixture is again allowed to settle in a corrugated-plate separator (3) andd) filtered through a sand filter (4),e) the filtered effluent is passed through a sequestering cation exchanger system containing three exchanger columns, the first column (5) being loaded up to breakthrough of nickel, the second column (6) serving as a guard filter and the third column (7) being regenerated or standing by in the freshly regenerated state,f) the particular column loaded with nickel is regenerated with dilute mineral acid, andg) the regenerate is treated with sodium hypophosphite in the presence of catalytic quantities of sodium borohydride, and to equipment for

Abstract: A method and composition for treating wastewater streams is provided. The composition includes a zirconium salt and preferably a zirconium carbonate. In addition to the zirconium salt; a ferrate, a reducing agent, a weighting agent and an anionic coagulating agent can also be employed. The method includes the steps of adjusting the pH of a wastewater stream to between about pH 6.5 and about pH 14, adding the composition, precipitating contaminants from the wastewater stream and separating a solution having a reduced contaminants content therefrom.

Abstract: A system and process for recycling alkaline aqueous cleaners for electronic components. Such cleaners generally contain saponifiers which react with rosin flux on the electronic components to form rosin soaps. Spent cleaner is concentrated, the pH is lowered to cause a separation between the cleaner and the soils within the cleaner. The cleaner then is filtered to further remove any soils. The filtered cleaner is then reconstituted to a determined concentration and pH level and returned to the cleaning system.

Abstract: Aqueous media, e.g., surface or waste waters, or industrial effluents, are clarified/purified, notably to markedly reduce the residual aluminum and organic solids contents thereof, by treating same, advantageously sequentially, with an effective impurity coagulating amount of at least one aluminum polymer and at least one ferric salt.

Abstract: A method and composition for detackifying or coagulating and flocculating waterborne and solventborne paints with organofunctional silane compounds.

Abstract: Novel compositions comprising cationic polymeric microparticles are disclosed, along with a method for their production. The products are useful in flocculating a wide variety of dispersions of suspended solids.

Abstract: The ammonium sulphate contained in tar-rich waste streams from the production of (meth)acrylonitrile can be precipitated out by adding 1 to 30 times the amount by weight of methanol, relative to the water content of the waste stream, and additionally 0.05 to 10% the amount by weight of ammonia, relative to methanol, to such a waste stream at 10.degree.-60.degree. C. and separating off the ammonium sulphate which precipitates out. The waste stream remaining after separating off the ammonium sulphate can, for example, be disposed of as low-sulphur waste-fuel in a combustion chamber.

Abstract: A process for sanitizing impotable water the improvement which comprises admixing with the impotable water a solution consisting of hypochlorous acid containing at least 0.5 percent by weight of HOCl and having a pH of less than 3 to prepare potable water having an available chlorine residual.

Abstract: A chemical process for selectively removing organoselenium compounds and selenate from water supplies. The process utilizes a combination of transition metal selected from the group consisting of nickel and copper and an electropositive metal selected from the group consisting of magnesium and aluminum to effectively remove selenium whether present in the water as organic or inorganic compounds or in ionic or non-ionic form.

Abstract: A novel basic aluminum chlorosulfate, well adopted for the improved purification of aqueous media, has the formulaAl.sub.n OH.sub.m (SO.sub.4).sub.k Cl.sub.3n-m-2kand characteristic basicity, Al/Cl ratio, molecular weight and hydrodynamic diameters.

Abstract: A polynucleate aluminum hydroxy silicate-sulphate compound (PASS) having the following average composition:Al.sub.A (OH).sub.B (SO.sub.4).sub.C (SiO.sub.X).sub.D (H.sub.2 O).sub.EwhereinA is 1.0;B ranges from 0.75 to 2.0;C ranges from 0.30 to 1.12;D ranges from 0.005 to 0.1;X is greater than 2.0 but less than or equal to 4.0 such that 3=B+2C+2D (X-2);E is larger than 4 when the product is in aqueous form. The compound is useful for water treatment and other applications where an aluminum hydroxide gel system is required. The compound, in aqueous solution, has a long storage life.

Abstract: Dsiclosed is a method of treating fluoride-containing water, which comprises a reaction step where a calcium compound and/or an aluminium compound are/is added to fluoride-containing water while the pH value of the resulting suspended liquid is adjusted to fall within the range of from 6 to 8, and at least a part of the concentrated suspension to be formed in the membrane-separation step of the following stage is added to the suspended liquid and stirred and the resulting suspension is introduced into the circulation tank; a membrane-separation step where the suspension from the circulation tank is treated by membrane-separation to separate it into a permeated solution and a concentrated suspension; a circulation step where at least a part of the concentrated suspension to be taken out from the membrane-separation step is returned back to the reaction step while the remaining part thereof is circulated to the circulation tank; and a step where the permeated solution is taken out from the membrane-separation s

Abstract: The invention provides a chemical process for the treatment of water containing dissolved calcium and sulphate ions, so as to produce a purified product water having a reduced sulphate ion concentration. Barium sulphide is added to the water to cause precipitation of barium sulphate from the water. The water from which the barium sulphate has been precipitated is then treated with carbon dioxide to form hydrogen sulphide in the water, and the hydrogen sulphide is stripped from the water.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for treating wastewater from a suspension styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN) copolymerization process. The wastewater contains SAN and polyvinyl alocohol (PVA) as a suspensing agent. The method includes the steps of adding to the wastewater a floc forming effective amount of a) a water soluble borate salt, preferably sodium metaborate and b) a water soluble ferrous salt, preferably ferrous sulfate, and separating the resulting floc which contains the SAN particles and PVA from the treated wastewater.

Abstract: A polynucleate hydroxy silicate-sulphate compound having the following average composition of the general formula:Al.sub.A (OH).sub.B (SO.sub.4).sub.C (SiO.sub.X).sub.D (H.sub.2 O).sub.EwhereinA is 1.0B ranges from 0.75 to 2.0C ranges from 0.30 to 1.12D ranges from 0.005 to 0.1X is greater than 2.0 but less or equal to 4.0 such that3=B+2C+2D(X-2)E is 1.5 to 4 when the product is in solid form; andE is larger than 4 when the product is in aqueous form.

Abstract: Novel compositions comprising cationic polymeric microparticles are disclosed, along with a method for their production. The products are useful in flocculating a wide variety of dispersions of suspended solids.

Abstract: A process for the treatment of cooling waters, particularly in thermal power stations, without or--optionally--with partial acid decarbonization of the make up water, the improvement wherein the make up water is mechanically coarse-clarified and the hardness is then stabilized with scale inhibitors. The scale inhibitors are then removed from the blow down and are optionally recovered.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for treating waste water which comprises the steps of adding thermal decomposition product consisting of CaO-MgO-SiO.sub.2 system compound singly or in combination with at least a metal salt selected from the group consisting of iron salts and magnesium salts to waste water containing an emulsion or a latex, thereby causing coagulation and sedimentation of particles consisting mainly of resin existing in the waste water and then removing the coagulated particles.

Abstract: Methods of scavenging hydrogen halide species from hydrocarbon liquids are disclosed. Preferred scavengers includes allyl alcohol, benzyl alcohol and tertiary alcohols such as tert-butyl alcohol.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process and apparatus for separating oil water and solids from emulsions. More particularly, the present invention provides a process and apparatus for continuously separating oil, water and solids from stable mixtures thereof, comprising heating the mixture to at least about 115.degree. C., rapidly cooling the mixture to below 100.degree. C., separating the solids from the liquids and separating the water from the oil. Preferably, the invention also includes the step of adding a flocculant prior to cooling the mixture.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for separating water and oil from a sludge which contains water, oil and solids which method comprises (1) contacting the sludge with an effective amount of 1 or more surfactants chosen and balanced to form certain types of microemulsions with equal volumes of decane and 3% aqueous NaCl, (2) mixing said surfactants and sludge with sufficient agitation to obtain a uniform mixture, (3) allowing said mixture to stand under gravitational settling or centrifugation to obtain the separation from the bottom sediment of an aqueous phase which may contain solubilized oil with or without an additional floating oil phase, (4) decanting separately the oil and aqueous phases and (5) further treating the aqueous phase with heat and/or NaCl to separate the solubilized oil or further treating the bottom sediment with selected surfactants to release adhering oil.

Abstract: A method for removing a pyrogen from a pyrogen-containing sample solution, which comprises adding a calcium salt to the sample solution and separating the resulting precipitates.

Abstract: A liquid recovery system and method for precipitating dissolved solid material out of a spent liquid, and for thereafter separating the precipitated solid material from the liquid to provide a recovered liquid. The system includes a first tank for receiving spent liquid in a substantially continuous manner, a second tank for receiving a quantity of spent liquid from the first tank, a separator for separating solid material from the spent liquid in the second tank to provide a recovered liquid in the second tank, a third tank for receiving a quantity of recovered liquid from the second tank, and output means for delivering recovered liquid from the third tank in a continuous manner. The separator includes a separator tank through which spent liquid in the second tank is circulated during a circulation period to separate precipitated solid material from the spent liquid.

Abstract: A process is described which improves the life of a silver recovery unit which employs finely divided iron and a minor amounts of a copper or cadmium salt therein by raising the pH of waste acidic photographic processing stream containing silver to be recovered. This pH increase may be accomplished using waste developer stream. An additional use of a chelating agent has been found to be beneficial.

Abstract: A method and cleaning composition are the subject of the invention. The cleaning composition may take the form of an aqueous solution, a powder, or a concentrated powder or aqueous solution for addition to a cleaning solution. The additive includes an amine or polyacrylamide flocculant and a betaine stabilizer. When used in a detergent solution, the flocculant causes contaminates introduced into the water to precipitate and quickly settle to the bottom of the cleaning bucket. This keeps the upper part of the detergent solution clean and prevents the mop from picking up and subsequently redepositing the contaminates each time it is dipped in the bucket.

Abstract: Separating apparatus for separating components of a liquid mixture one from the other and method of separating such components.Liquid mixture to be separated is passed via inlet means (18) including a duct (40), to tangential inlets (20, 22) of a cyclone separator (10) so that the less dense component of the mixture emerges from an overflow outlet (34a) of the separator (10) and the more dense component emerges from an underflow outlet (16a) of the separator. Gas is entrained in the incoming liquid mixture in duct (40) by expressing the gas into the duct via a manifold (42a) having openings (42a). The gas is admitted under conditions of relatively high pressure of incoming mixture in duct (40) whereby to substantially dissolve in the mixture whereby to come out of solution in the form of fine bubbles under pressure reduction occurring inside the separator (10).

Abstract: The use as flocculants of aluminum chlorohydrate/water-soluble cationic polymer compositions having inorganic:polymer weight ratios of at least 5:1 is disclosed. These compositions are especially effective in low turbidity waters.

Abstract: Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) can be effectively utilized as a floc conditioner during the formation of polyaluminum chloride. The polyvinyl alcohol can be effectively incorporated into the composition either before basification (pre-addition) or afterwards (post-addition). When added to concentrated aluminum containing solutions (8-9% Al.sub.2 O.sub.3), polyvinyl alcohol is preferably used at concentrations up to about 2500 ppm. Higher concentrations may exhibit overdose behavior with progressively decreasing effectiveness. The preferred dosage is about 1750 ppm of PVA for synthetic laboratory water.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for improving the sedimentation and filtering properties of waste waters and/or slurries and muds containing clay minerals. The waste waters and/or slurries obtained in the various technologies and containing clay minerals and optionally also other solid components are treated with compounds containing ions having a hydrated ionic diameter of from 0.12 to 0.15 nm and a co-ordination number of 12.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of producing coagulated colloidal particles with close-packed structure which comprises;(A) adding a coagulant to aqueous colloidal particles at a temperature lower than softening temperature of the colloidal particles under such conditions that said coagulant will be present in discrete units in the dispersion before it is brought into solution by diffusion;(B) allowing the molecules of coagulant to gradually diffuse from said coagulant units into the surrounding dispersion, thereby coagulating the colloidal particles on the surface of each coagulant unit, causing the coagulated particles to grow from inside to outside of each unit, and producing coagulated particles of desired size with regularly packed structure;(C) separating the coagulated particles thus formed from the dispersion; and(D) drying, or heating in an aqueous phase, the coagulated particles separated above at a temperature lower than the softening point of said colloidal particles.