Abstract: The application relates to a method for selecting drag reducer additive (DRA) effectively removable by activated carbons and graphites to be used in fuel. The appliction also relates to effective activated carbons and graphites for removing DRA from fuel, and to a method of using effective activated carbons and graphites to remove DRA from fuel.

Abstract: Compositions including pellets of alum, a smectite mineral material, and optionally sodium or calcium carbonate, that can be delivered to a phosphate impoundment located at or near the bottom of a body of water. The pellets of alum, smectite mineral material and optionally sodium or calcium carbonate are dropped in a body of water, and the alum is released over time, as the pellet descends to the bottom of the body of water.

Abstract: Methods of treatment of fluids produced by an oil or gas well following a stimulation operation, allowing separation from the fluids and re-injection of oil and gas hydrocarbons in a production pipeline under pressure, and allowing achievement of suitable quality for the residual fluids compatible with their rejection, for example into the sea, including the following three elements; neutralization of the fluids by mixing with a high pH chemical, until the resulting pH reaches a level compatible with the equipment and pipes; use of optimized emulsion breakers in a phase separator, selected for best results with the fluids produced by the well, to accelerate the separation of oil from the fluids, and to lower the residual oil content in the fluids to levels compatible with environmental regulations; and use of a multi-phase pump to pump the oil and gas hydrocarbons produced and reinject them in a pipeline under pressure.

Abstract: A method for recycling an invert emulsion based drilling fluid, in which the invert emulsion based drilling fluid includes an oil component and an aqueous component. The method includes: mixing the invert emulsion drilling fluid with a emulsion clearing agent, wherein the emulsion clearing agent is a mixture of an anionic tensid and a non-ionic tensid; and separating the oil component of the invert emulsion drilling fluid from the aqueous component of the invert emulsion drilling fluid. The method preferably utilizes an emulsion breaking agent that is a combination of an anionic tensid, a non-ionic tensid and an alkyl polyglycoside tensid.

Abstract: Compositions including pellets of alum, a smectite mineral material and optionally sodium or calcium carbonate that can be delivered to a phosphate impoundment located at the bottom of a body of water at the bottom. The pellets of alum, smectite mineral material and optionally sodium or calcium carbonate are dropped through the body of water so that the alum is released when the pellet reaches the bottom of the impoundment thereby treating the phosphates.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a method for efficiently removing a metal from wastewater formed by subjecting the liquid waste to wet combustion treatment or wet oxidation treatment, said liquid waste resulting from an acrylic acid production process. Provided is a method for removing a metal from wastewater formed by subjecting at least a part of liquid waste to wet combustion treatment or wet oxidation treatment, said liquid waste resulting from an acrylic acid production process involving the steps of forming acrylic acid through catalytic vapor phase oxidation of at least one of propane, propylene, and acrolein, and purifying the acrylic acid through distillation, wherein the method comprises the steps of: (a) removing a solid content from the wastewater; (b) removing carbonate ions and carbonate salts from the treated liquid obtained by the step (a); and (c) removing a metal from the treated liquid from the step (b).

Abstract: The present invention in a preferred form is a novel composition of matter and a method of use, which includes at least a polyaluminum compound in an aqueous solution for use as a coagulant and/or flocculant. The composition of matter additionally includes magnesium and/or calcium and a water-soluble polymeric flocculant.

Abstract: The invention relates to a mixture and a process for the treatment of waste materials and the use of the mixture for the treatment of waste materials and waste material treated therewith. The mixture comprises (A) at least one zinc salt of a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic or aromatic carboxylic acid, (B) at least one calcium salt of a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic or aromatic carboxylic acid, (C) at least one hydrophobing agent, (D) at least one amino alcohol and (E) NH3.

Abstract: The invention concerns, among other things, a precipitating chemical for separating preferably hydrocarbons from water, but also for separating other dissolved and/or suspended organic and/or inorganic substances and particles in an associated liquid, including mineral and/or rock particles, heavy metals, salts, phosphorous compounds, alcohols, lipids, aromatics and cellulose. The precipitating chemical is composed of bentonite, preferably sodium montmorillonite; of polymer, preferably of the polyacrylamide type; of sodium polyphosphate and/or lignite; and of water. The chemical is added to and mixed with waste liquid, after which chemical precipitation is activated through the addition of acid or base until the pH-value of the liquid mixture is 4.0 or less, or the pH-value being 8.0 or more. The liquid mixture then rests until the contaminant(s) flakes and separates from the liquid phase of the mixture and is then deposited or floated from the liquid mixture.

Abstract: A mobile apparatus and method for recycling an invert emulsion based drilling fluid, in which the invert emulsion based drilling fluid includes an oleaginous component and an aqueous component. The apparatus includes an emulsion breaking tank, a water treatment tank, a filter press, and hydrocarbon filters. The method includes: mixing said invert emulsion drilling fluid with a emulsion breaker, wherein the emulsion breaker is a mixture of an alkyl glucoside and an alkane sulfonate; and separating the oleaginous component of the invert emulsion drilling fluid from the aqueous component of the invert emulsion drilling fluid. The method preferably utilizes an emulsion breaker that is a combination of an anionic surfactant, a nonionic surfactant and an alkyl polyglycoside surfactant.

Abstract: Compositions including alum, a smectite material and optionally one or more of a buffer and an algaecide coating or additives for the clarification of bodies of water by removal of dissolved solids, dissolved organic materials and other anions such as fluoride and chloride as well as the removal of total phosphorus from such bodies of water. The compositions are designed to be delivered to concentrated or impounded phosphorus located at the bottom of various bodies of water and may be produced in various physical forms.

Abstract: A new method of improving the process of dewatering fine particulate materials is disclosed. In this method, an aqueous slurry of fine particles is treated with appropriate hydrophobizing reagents so that the particulate material becomes moderately hydrophobic with its water contact angle considerably below 90°. A low hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) number surfactant is then added to the slurry, so that the surfactant molecules adsorb on the moderately hydrophobic surface primarily by hydrophobic attraction and, thereby, increase its contact angle close to or above 90°. By virtue of the greatly enhanced hydrophobicity, the water molecules adhering to the surface are destabilized and removed more readily by a mechanical dewatering process. Any nonionic surfactant with its HLB number below about 15 may be used for the hydrophobicity enhancement. The surfactants may be used in conjunction with appropriate solvents such as light hydrocarbon oils and short-chain alcohols.

Abstract: Contaminated sediments in such bodies of water as lakes and ponds, inner bays and rivers obtained by dredging are converted into favorable soils by adding to the contaminated sediments and aqueous solution formed by mixing an inorganic electrolytic coagulant obtained by mixing phosphonic acid and magnesium sulfate in a solvent not containing chlorine, stirring them for several minutes and then mixing aluminum sulfate and polyferric sulfate and stirring them for several minutes, together with a soil particle reinforcing agent and a pH controller.

Abstract: The invention is a composition and method for treating paint booth water systems to facilitate paint removal. The composition comprises water, solid particles of insoluble organic polymer, such as, by way of non-limiting example, urea methanal copolymer, preferably including less than 50 weight percent of particles of diameter of 1 micron or less, and optionally surfactants, thickeners, polymeric flocculents different from the organic polymer, clarifiers, anti-corrosive components, and/or biocides.

Abstract: Compositions, methods and kits for purifying, clarifying nutrifying and any combination thereof, contaminated drinking water, which contain a primary coagulant material and a bridging flocculent material. The levels and ratios of coagulant to flocculent preferably fall within certain ranges. Highly preferred compositions also contain one or more of a cationic coagulant aid, especially chitosan, a microbiocidal disinfectant, a water-soluble alkali, a water-insoluble silicate, and a food additive or nutrient source.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for dewatering sewage sludge by using sludge-coal-oil co-agglomeration (“SOCA”) which comprises the steps of physically, chemically or biologically conditioning sludge to impart hydrophobicity and lipophilicity to the sludge (conditioning step), supplying oil and coal to the conditioned sludge with stirring to form sludge-coal-oil agglomerates (agglomerating step), enlarging the particle diameter of sludge-coal-oil agglomerates (size enlargement step), and remaining the enlarged sludge-coal-oil agglomerates over a sieve to selectively separate them from hydrophilic materials dispersed in tailing water(screening step).

Abstract: In one aspect the present invention provides purification devices for reducing the amount of contaminants in water, each device includes a water-soluble flocculant disposed within a body defining a multiplicity of pores, wherein the pores have an average diameter in the range of from 1 &mgr;m to 2000 &mgr;m. The present invention also provides methods for reducing the amount of contaminants in water.

Abstract: A system for the treatment of CMP wastewater, including wastewater from a copper CMP process. The wastewater treatment system includes a coagulant supply tank from which an FSC polymer coagulant is directed into a reaction tank that separately receives the untreated wastewater. The coagulant may be mixed with the untreated wastewater in selected ratios to provide a desired dosing quantity of the coagulant in the reaction tank. As the wastewater and the FSC polymer coagulant are mixed in the reaction tank, the coagulant flocs the slurry chemicals in the wastewater and removes the chemicals from solution in the wastewater as a precipitate before the wastewater is directed to a clarifier. The clarifier separates the flocked precipitate from the wastewater, and the flocked particles settle on the bottom of the clarifier to form a sludge. The sludge is re-distributed back into the clarifier to coagulate inert particles in the wastewater.

Abstract: Process muds are de-watered by the addition of high clay alumina. The clay is mixed with plant sludges or muds so as to cause flocculation of the solid particles, and separating the water from the solid materials, as by filtration. Various polymers and/or alum process residues can be added as well. In addition to de-watering plant sludges, this method also reduces color, and reduces the total organic carbon as well as heavy metals, from the filtered water. This permits disposal of the water to public waterways with no additional treatment.

Abstract: A process of flocculating and dewatering an aqueous suspension of suspended solids comprising, introducing into the suspension, (a) a concentrated polymer solution and, (b) a dilute polymer solution, characterised in that the concentrated and dilute polymer solutions are introduced into the substrate substantially simultaneously. Preferably the concentrated and dilute polymer solutions are introduced into the suspension as an aqueous composition comprising a dilute aqueous solution of polymer and a concentrated solution of polymer. The process brings about improvements in filtration and cake solids.

Abstract: The invention relates to a mixture and a process for the treatment of waste materials and the use of the mixture for the treatment of waste materials and waste material treated therewith. The mixture comprises (A) at least one zinc salt of a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic or aromatic carboxylic acid, (B) at least one calcium salt of a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic or aromatic carboxylic acid, (C) at least one hydrophobing agent, (D) at least on amino alcohol and (E) NH3.

Abstract: A biocidal compsition includes, in combination, poly(texamethylene) biguanide, didecydimethylammonium chloride a homogenising agent and a flocculating agent. The biocidal composition is used to treat water to control microorganisms.

Abstract: A process for recovering fine coals and clarifying water for recycling features with three distinct mechanisms: hydrophobic extraction, electrolyte coagulation, and macromolecular flocculation, which if desired may be integrated into a single stage. The hydrophobic extraction is accomplished using oil to form a coal-in-oil mixture. The process water is clarified using a flocculants, more preferably a combination of coagulant and anionic flocculants. With a well defined reagent addition scheme, this process allows a combustible recovery greater than 88% at an ash content less than 11%, while producing a clean water containing less than 20 ppm suspended solids from a tailing's stream. The coal-in-oil mixture may be used as a fuel for example in coal-firing boilers and power generators.

Abstract: A method of removing phosphoric acid contained in wastewater which comprises comprehensively immobilizing calcium or a compound thereof with a solid polymer optionally together with magnetite and contacting the calcium-containing polymer with the wastewater to react the phosphoric acid contained in the wastewater with the calcium and thereby yield calcium apatite.

Abstract: A method of dewatering an aqueous cellulosic pulp slurry comprising adding to an aqueous slurry of washed cellulosic pulp an effective dewatering amount of a mixture of one or more nonionic surfactants and one or more anionic surfactants.

Abstract: The invention concerns, among other things, a precipitating chemical for separating preferably hydrocarbons from water, but also for separating other dissolved and/or suspended organic and/or inorganic substances and particles in an associated liquid, including mineral and/or rock particles, heavy metals, salts, phosphorous compounds, alcohols, lipids, aromatics and cellulose. The precipitating chemical is composed of bentonite, preferably sodium montmorillonite; of polymer, preferably of the polyacrylamide type; of sodium polyphosphate and/or lignite; and of water. The chemical is added to and mixed with waste liquid, after which chemical precipitation is activated through the addition of acid or base until the pH-value of the liquid mixture is 4.0 or less, or the pH-value being 8.0 or more. The liquid mixture then rests until the contaminant(s) flakes and separates from the liquid phase of the mixture and is then deposited or floated from the liquid mixture.

Abstract: A coagulant which is the reaction product of a trivalent metal salt, excluding chromium salts, an acid phosphorous compound and an aluminum hydroxy chloride, and a process for preparing such coagulant. This coagulant may be effectively used to remove suspended solids and various impurities in most water treatment applications.

Abstract: A process and method for liquid-solid separation in raw water by chemical treatment, comprising adding into the water, separately or together, an effective amount of at least one aluminum polymer with an effective amount of an ammonium polymer, including at least one medium, high, or very high molecular weight ammonium polymer, to clarify said raw water to a settled turbidity standard, and including methods for blending and storing solution polymers.

Abstract: Aqueous suspensions of paints in waste waters can be treated to detackify the paint and facilitate its removal by contacting the paint suspension at a pH of from about 5 to about 14 with a polyarylamine that is produced by reacting an aldehyde with an arylamine in the presence of an acid in an aqueous suspension. The same polyarylamine can also be used for reducing the color content of highly colored liquids. Compositions containing the polyarylamine are also described.

Abstract: A kit for purifying water comprises a first container for receiving untreated water, and a second container for receiving purified water and having a dispensing spigot. A water purification composition, when mixed with water in the first container, produces partially purified water having solid matter. A first filter held in a filter holder at an upper end of the second container removes the solid matter when the partially purified water is poured from the first container. A second filter in the second container comprises carbon.

Abstract: A method for selecting an effective removal agent and a method of removing drag reducer additive from liquid hydrocarbon fuels, preferably gasoline or jet fuel.

Abstract: A method of controlling algae in a municipal water plant including the step of adding an algicide-flocculant solution including 25-50 wt % acidic flocculent, 0-10 wt % polymer flocculant aid, an algicide consisting essentially of copper having a concentration of 0.025-1.275 wt % in the form of a water soluble copper salt, balance water. The algicide-flocculant solution may be added to the water via a clarifier of the water plant, a basin of the water plant, or a mixing chamber. The mixing chamber may be located within the clarifier, adjacent to the basin, or upstream of the clarifier and/or the basin.

Abstract: A method of dewatering a mixture of coal tailings, water and contaminants comprising the steps of (a) providing a tank having a base surface and introducing said mixture of coal, tailings, water, and contaminants to said tank and allowing said coal tailings to settle on said base surface, (b) removing the coal tailings from said base surface of said tank along with water and contaminants and then separating said water and at least some of said contaminants from said coal tailings wherein said separated contaminants are suspended in said separated water, (c) adding an agent selected from one or more of the group consisting of a coagulant and a flocculent to said water and suspended contaminants separated from the coal tailings in step (b), (d) allowing the agent added in step (c) to coagulate or flocculate with the suspended contaminants to form a coagulated or flocculated mass and a quantity of supernatant water, and (e) separating the coagulated or flocculated mass formed in step (d) from the quantity of sup

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for chemical addition utilizing adaptive process control optimizations having a combination of expert system(s), neural network(s) and genetic algorithm(s).

Abstract: The invention concerns, among other things, a precipitating chemical for separating preferably hydrocarbons from water, but also for separating other dissolved and/or suspended organic and/or inorganic substances and particles in an associated liquid, including mineral and/or rock particles, heavy metals, salts, phosphorous compounds, alcohols, lipids, aromatics and cellulose. The precipitating chemical is composed of bentonite, preferably sodium montmorillonite; of polymer, preferably of the polyacrylamide type; of sodium polyphosphate and/or lignite; and of water. The chemical is added to and mixed with waste liquid, after which chemical precipitation is activated through the addition of acid or base until the pH-value of the liquid mixture is 4.0 or less, or the pH-value being 8.0 or more. The liquid mixture then rests until the contaminant(s) flakes and separates from the liquid phase of the mixture and is then deposited or floated from the liquid mixture.

Abstract: A method of flocculating suspended solids in a Bayer process liquor comprising adding to the liquor an effective amount of a polymer comprising salicylic acid groups.

Abstract: The present invention involves an improved integrated reactor and solids settler system for solids removal from a water stream. The integration of the rapid mix reactor and the solids settler of the present invention uses an overflow line from the rapid mix reactor to eliminate both the rapid mix reactor level indicator and controller and the flow controller in the solids settler clarified water outlet. The proposed design is simple, cost effective, and eliminates the possibility of unnecessary downstream unit shutdowns.

Abstract: Compositions of aluminum chlorohydrate and high molecular weight branched epichlorohydrin amine condensate polymers are applied to waste liquids, such as pulp and paper mill effluents having a lignin content, to reduce true color, The branched epichlorohydrin amine condensate polymer is branched using branching agents which result in a molecular weight greater than about 300,000 and permit solubility. When applied to waste liquids, the high molecular weight branched epichlorohydrin amine condensate polymer and aluminum chlorohydrate react with the lignin components in the waste liquid to form an insoluble agglomerate thus reducing the true color of the waste liquid. The resulting agglomerate, including the colored lignin, may be filtered from the waste liquid.

Abstract: Compositions of aluminum chlorohydrate and high molecular weight branched epichlorohydrin amine condensate polymers are applied to waste liquids, such as pulp and paper mill effluents having a lignin content, to reduce true color. The branched epichlorohydrin amine condensate polymer is branched using branching agents which result in a molecular weight greater than about 300,000 and permit solubility. When applied to waste liquids, the high molecular weight branched epichlorohydrin amine condensate polymer and aluminum chlorohydrate react with the lignin components in the waste liquid to form an insoluble agglomerate thus reducing the true color of the waste liquid. The resulting agglomerate, including the colored lignin, may be filtered from the waste liquid.

Abstract: An elixir for treating wastewater by transforming metals into metal sulfates and sulfides, breaking up chelated metals, and precluding the metal sulfates and sulfides from redissolving back into the wastewater. The elixir comprises: 1) ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, 2) aluminum sulfate, 3) 75% sulfuric acid, 4) a blend of aluminum salts and a polymeric coagulant, and 5) water.

Abstract: An elixir for treating wastewater by transforming metal sulfates into metal hydroxides, breaking up chelated metals and transforming the freed metal ions into metal hydroxides, and precluding the metal hydroxides from dissolving back into solution. The elixir comprises: 1) calcium hydroxide, 2) METEX EPS, 3) sodium dimethyl dithiocarbamate, 4) calcium hypochlorite, 5) sodium hydroxide, 6) a combination of calcium salts and a first polymeric coagulant, 7) a second polymeric coagulant, and 8) water.

Abstract: An elixir to aid in the coagulation and flocculation of metal precipitates in wastewater, and to aid in their settling out of the wastewater solution, comprising: 1) a first cationic polyelectrolyte, 2) a solution comprising a second cationic polyelectrolyte, an acrylamide, and a cationic monomer, 3) a polymer with a high molecular weight and a high charge density, and 4) water.

Abstract: A process for removing metals from wastewater, which comprises the following: measuring the flow rate and oxidation reduction potential of wastewater as it is fed into a first treatment tank, adjusting the pH of the wastewater, adding a first liquid elixir to the wastewater to react with at least one metal in the wastewater to cause it to either precipitate out of solution, or convert into a form that will allow it to be precipitated out of solution by a second liquid elixir, and to bond with the metal to prevent it from re-dissolving back into solution, adding a second liquid elixir to the wastewater to react with at least one metal in the wastewater to cause it to precipitate out of solution, and to bond with the metal to prevent it from re-dissolving back into solution, feeding the wastewater into a second treatment tank, mixing a third liquid elixir and a fourth liquid elixir into the wastewater to flocculate and/or coagulate the precipitated metals, and separating the flocculated and/or coagulated precip

Abstract: An elixir to aid in the coagulation and flocculation of metal precipitates in wastewater, and to aid in their settling out of the wastewater solution, comprising: 1) a first anionic polymer with a high molecular weight and a high charge density, 2) a second anionic polymer with a high molecular weight, 3) a liquid emulsion anionic flocculant with a high molecular weight and a high charge density, and 4) water.

Abstract: A process for removal of dissolved components of a liquid solution containing multiple components is provided. The process relates to the addition of granular cationic starch to the liquid solution, heating the resultant mixture to gelatinize the starch and form a starch/component(s) complex, and separating the complex from the liquid. Alternatively, the starch may be pre-gelatinized and added to the liquid solution.

Abstract: A process for removing contaminants from large volumes of wastewater is disclosed. The process involves treating a wastewater stream containing the contaminant with a coagulant that reacts with the contaminant to form a particulate or aggregate of particulates having a size greater than 10 &mgr;m. The treated wastewater is passed through a microfiltration membrane having a pore size in the range from 0.5 &mgr;m to 10 &mgr;m at low pressure (less than 20 psig) to remove the contaminant. Under such conditions, the treated wastewater flux rate is greater than 200 gallons per square foot of membrane per day (“GFD”), and typically from 200 to 1500 GFD.

Abstract: An algicide-flocculant solution for use in treating raw water in a municipal water plant to control algae, the algicide-flocculant solution including 25-50 wt % of an acidic flocculant, 0-10 wt % of a polymer flocculant aid, an algicide of essentially copper having a concentration of 0.025-1.25 wt % in the form of a water soluble capper salt, and balance water. Uniform mixing of the flocculant into the raw water simultaneously uniformly mixes the algicide of the algicide-flocculant solution into the raw water. The acidic flocculant is preferably aluminium sulfate, iron sulfate, iron chloride or mixtures thereof. The water soluble copper salt is preferably copper sulfate, copper chloride, copper nitrate, copper acetate or mixtures thereof. Moreover, the flocculant aid is a high molecular weight quaternary amine such as diallyldimethylammonium chloride.

Abstract: A process for dewatering of sludge, wherein said sludge comprises solids and water, comprising the steps of: a) adding a cationic dispersion polymer and a microparticle to said sludge, wherein said cationic dispersion polymer can be added before or after or simultaneous with the addition of said microparticle; and b) physically separating said solids from said water.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a method of clarifying water comprising adding to the water an effective clarifying amount of a low molecular weight water-soluble cationic dispersion polymer prepared by polymerizing one or more cationic monomers and one or more nonionic monomers and one or more chain transfer agents under free radical forming conditions in an aqueous solution of an anionic salt in the presence of a stabilizer polymer, wherein the cationic dispersion has a cationic charge of from about 1.0 mole percent to about 75 mole percent and an RSV of from about 0.2 dl/g to about 6 dl/g.

Abstract: Belt pressing or other pressure dewatering of a high solids mineral suspension is facilitated by flocculating the suspension by mixing into the suspension anionic flocculant having IV at least 5 dl/g and a minor amount of a cationic flocculant which generally has IV at least 4 dl/g. The flocculants are normally such that counterionic precipitation occurs.