Abstract: Effluent containing inks undergoes flocculation by the action of a flocculating agent, followed by the continuous centrifuging of the effluent consisting of an acceleration between 1,000 and 20,000 g, while avoiding an air-liquid interface during centrifuging.

Abstract: The use of quaternized polyvinylamine for use in clarification of water in a deinking loop of a paper, such as newspaper, recycling operation.

Abstract: Dithiocarbamic salts made from the reaction products of certain polyamines and epoxides have been found to be useful to clarify water, particularly the oil-in-water emulsions which accompany crude oil production. The water clarification may be accomplished by demulsification or flocculation. The polyamine reaction products themselves are novel and may have the structure ##STR1## where R" is selected from the group consisting of the structure --R--NH.sub.2 and ##STR2## where R is selected from the group consisting of straight, branched or cyclic alkylene moieties; arylene moieties; substituted straight, branched or cyclic alkylene moieties; substituted arylene moieties or mixtures thereof; and where R' is--(CH.sub.2).sub.m --O--R--O--(CH.sub.2).sub.m --where n and m independently range from 1 to 5 and q is 0 or 1. The dithiocarbamic salts made from these polyamines also find use as corrosion inhibitors.

Abstract: A process for the precipitation of aqueous plastics dispersions containing polyvinyl alcohol, preferably from waste waters, and separation of the polymeric solids content, which comprises adding the following to the dispersion in order, with thorough mixing:a) a boric acid component,b) a basic compound for making the pH alkaline, thenc) an iron salt andd) a cationic polymeric polyelectrolyte, and isolating the precipitate which forms in the alkaline medium. The process according to the invention is advantageously applicable in all relevant sectors of technology and waste water treatment in which polymer dispersions containing polyvinyl alcohol are used or have to be disposed of, and where waste waters in which dispersions containing polyvinyl alcohol are present have to be processed. Degrees of clarification of more than 95% can be achieved.

Abstract: A method of enhancing the removal of a benzene from a petroleum refinery desalter effluent brine is described. The method involves treating the effluent brine with a combination of aluminum chlorhydrate and a water soluble cationic polymer followed by solvent extraction. The preferred cationic polymer is polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride.

Abstract: Nonhydrolyzed copolymers of(a) from 99 to 1 mol % of N-vinylformamide and(b) from 1 to 99 mol % of one or more water-soluble dialkylaminoalkylacrylamides in the form of the salts or quaternized products or a dialkylammonium compoundare used as agents for the treatment of wastewaters and sludges.

Abstract: Sewage sludge and other organic suspensions are prepared for filter press or belt press dewatering by substantially simultaneous treatment with a cationic coagulant polymer and a cationic flocculant polymer. A novel composition comprising a dry blend of the two polymers can then be formed to provide a combined solution for mixing with the suspension.

Abstract: A process for inducing flocculation involving the mixing of an aqueous solution of a chitosan salt with a material to be flocculated (e.g., oil, algae, or the like) and then adding a halogenating agent (e.g., sodium hypochlorite) thus forming a N-halochitosan.

Abstract: Polyvinylaminals, optionally as the formed copolymer with polyvinylhemiaminals and polyvinylacetals are useful as separating agents and are provided by reacting a poly(vinylamine) or a copolymer containing vinyl alcohol and vinylamine units with a monoaldehyde. The aldehyde, such as butyraldehyde, can be introduced into the polymer aminalization as a liquid or gas, generally in a proportion of about 0.02 to 0.5 mol per mol of alcohol and amine units in the polymer chain. These polymers, especially as the cationic salt, perform very well in the flocculation, settling, clarification and dewatering of wastewater.

Abstract: Coal fines and suspended insoluble metals are flocculated from coal mine drainage waters by adding a polymeric tannin-amine compound.

Abstract: An aqueous suspension of coagulatable material is coagulated by adding polymeric coagulant to the suspension and then separating the resultant coagulated material from the liquor. The coagulatable material may be present in the aqueous suspension as a suspension of suspended solids or as colloidally dispersed solids. The suspension may be coal tailings or other aqueous (generally mineral) suspension. The polymeric material must be a low molecular weight, highly ionic, polymeric material. It is added to the aqueous suspension while in the form of polymeric particles having a size mainly above 30 .mu.m and that will dissolve into the suspension and coagulate the coagulatable material. A counterionic, high molecular weight, flocculant is generally added subsequently in order to flocculate the coagulated material.

Abstract: A new method for purification of trivalent chromium electroplating baths contaminated with cationic metal ions is disclosed. In this purification process, the contaminated trivalent chromium is passed at the pH level of the bath through one or more columns containing an ion-exchange resin having the picolylamine group as the functional moiety. The cationic metal ions are preferentially bound to the resin while the trivalent chromium is passed through the resin with substantially no adsorption thereby purifying the electroplating bath. This process is preferably performed simultaneously with the electroplating process.

Abstract: A method of treating BCTMP/CTMP wastewater to improve retention and purification of cellulose fiber suspension and clarification of the BCTMP/CTMP wastewater which comprises the addition of a cationic, water soluble coagulant having a molecular weight less than 15,000,000 in an amount of about 1 to about 300 ppm; and a high molecular weight flocculant selected from the group consisting of: nonionic polymers having a molecular weight in the range between about 500,000 to about 30,000,000, low charge cationic polymers having a molecular weight in the range between about 5,000,000 to about 30,000,000, and low charge anionic polymers having a molecular weight in the range between about 5,000,000 to about 30,000,000, in an amount of about 0.1 to about 100 ppm.

Abstract: A method and composition for detackifying or coagulating and flocculating waterborne and solventborne paints with organofunctional silane compounds.

Abstract: The present invention provides a flocculation and/or fixing agent for paper sizing in the weakly acidic to weakly alkaline pH range, wherein it contains or consists to a preponderant amount of a mixture and/or a co-condensation product of the components cationic dicyandiamide resin and polyaluminium hydroxy compound.The present invention also provides processes for the production of this agent.

Abstract: A paint detackification treatment for paint spray booths include a water soluble polymer which is a dicyanadiamide formaldehyde condensation product in combination with multivalent metal salt, preferably aluminum chlorohydrate. The composition is added to the overspray collection tanks and acts to detackify particles of paint which are collected in a water curtain. The combination of the dicyanadiamide formaldehyde and aluminum chlorohydrate permits a lower concentration of polymer to be used and also permits this detackification product to be used with a wide variety of aqueous and oil based paints.

Abstract: A water soluble ethylene dichloride ammonia polymer having a molecular weight of from 500 to 10,000 which contains from 5 to 50 mole % of dithiocarbamate salt groups. Also, disclosed is the use of these polymers in removing heavy metals from water.

Abstract: Improved methods for removal of disinfection by-products, halomethanes, precursors thereof and other organic contaminants from water being processed for use as potable or industrial water involve adding to the water being treated in a zone separate from the conventional clarification, softening and filtration steps, and downstream of at least the clarification step, between about 1 to 1000 ppm of powdered activated carbon (PAC), between about 1 to 1000 ppm of bentonite and between about 0.1 to 100 ppm of flocculant polymer, based upon one million parts of the water. The relative proportions of PAC, bentonite and polymer within the stated ranges are selected to give a sludge having a sludge cohesion factor "k" between about 0.5 and 5, especially between 0.6 and 1.5.

Abstract: In a paint spray booth wherein water is used to collect oversprayed paint, a process for detackifying and coagulating the oversprayed paint by the addition of specific amounts of specific anions and cationic polymers blended prior to addition to the water system.

Abstract: A process for the detackification and coagulation of oversprayed water-borne and mixed water-borne and oil based paint particles in the water collection system of a paint spray booth comprising adding a unitary blend of an inorganic anion and a cationic polymer selected from the group consisting of polydiallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, a condensation product of dimethylamine plus epichlorohydrin and a condensation product of dimethylamine plus ethylene diamine plus epichlorohydrin.

Abstract: Poly(diallylamine) blended with poly(N-methylolacrylamide) effectively detackifies over-sprayed paint in the circulating water of a wet paint spray booth operation. After detackification the dispersed paint is flocculated with hydrolyzed polyacrylamide, the paint waste is removed, and the clarified water is recirculated back into the paint spray booth operation.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for reducing the turbidity of a Bayer process liquor containing a cationic polymer-humate complex comprising adding to said liquor a higher molecular weight, cationic polymer.

Abstract: Improved water quality of overboard waters discharged from off-shore oil producing rigs is obtained by treating oily produced waters from a crude oil separator, and prior to exposure to air, with an effective coalescing amount of a combination of an iron chelating agent and various polymeric coagulating/coalescing agents. The preferred chelating agent is citric acid, or its salts, EDTA, HEDTA, or mixtures thereof. The polymeric coagulating/coalescing agents may be anionic, cationic, ampohoteric, but are most preferably copolymers of acrylamide with at least one of the monomers chosen from the group consisting of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, DMAEA, DMAEM, or their acid of quaternary salts, DADMAC, MAPTAC, AMPS, and the like.

Abstract: Method for treating drilling effluents containing ligno-sulfonates wherein, successively, sulfuric acid is injected in order to cause coagulation, a cationic polyelectrolyte is injected to cause a flocculation and solids are separated from the liquid by centrifugation or dewatering compaction.

Abstract: Suspended solids are separated from an aqueous suspension by mixing into the suspension first and second flocculants that would normally be incompatible in solution but which are added in the form of solids which dissolve into the suspension, and the resultant flocculated material is separated from the flocculated suspension.

Abstract: The dewatering of waste industrial and municipal sludges is improved by the use of clay employed with an unsheared, water-soluble, branched cationic polymer having a solubility quotient greater than about 30% and a branching agent content of from about 4-80 molar parts per million, based on initial monomer content.

Abstract: The present invention is a compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently C.sub.1-20 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted with a C.sub.1-3 alcohol, or allyl unsubstituted or substituted with a C.sub.1-4 alkyl or phenyl, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are independently hydrogen, or C.sub.1-20 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted with a C.sub.1-3 alcohol or together R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are oxygen, and R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 are independently C.sub.1-20 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted with C.sub.1-3 alcohol or phenyl, hydroxy, --(CH.sub.2).sub.1-3 COOH, --CHR.sup.7 COOH wherein R.sup.7 is C.sub.1-5 alkyl or C.sub.1-5 alkyl substituted with hydroxy, amino, or carboxy, or allyl unsubstituted or substituted with a C.sub.1-4 alkyl or phenyl or together R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 with the two nitrogen atoms form a fused ring having the formula ##STR2## wherein n is 1 or 2, or form a fused ring having the formula ##STR3## wherein p is an integer from 0 to 3.

Abstract: An aqueous suspension of minerals and/or fillers and/or pigments having a solid content .gtoreq.60% by weight, the mineral or the filler or the pigment being dispersed with one or more dispersing agents, is characterized in that the dispersing agent contains one or more amphoteric polyelectrolytes and/or cationic polyelectrolytes and/or amphoteric cationoic polyelectrolytes and/or amphoteric anionic polyelectrolytes and/or partially neutralized anionic polyelectrolytes and/or partially neutralized amphoteric anionic polyelectrolytes, the filler and/or pigment and/or mineral particles carrying a charge neutral or positive to the outside.Furthermore is disclosed a process characterized in that a part of the polyelectrolytes according to the invention is added before the grinding, a part thereof may be added during the grinding and a part thereof may be added after the grinding. According to the invention grinding and dispersing is achieved in only one process step.

Abstract: A dry flocculant powder comprises an inorganic substrate consisting essentially of metal oxide/hydroxide particles having an average particle size of less than about 30 microns, said substrate having a cationic or anionic polyelectrolyte coated onto its outer surface, preferably under other than high shear conditions. A method for coating or adhering polyelectrolytes to the outermost surface of inorganic particles comprises dispersing a polyelectrolyte in a substantially non-aqueous solvent, preferably having a low boiling point and a low to intermediate polarity relative to the polyelectrolyte; adding the inorganic particles to the solvent to form a slurry; mixing the slurry under low to moderate shear conditions; and removing excess solvent from the slurry. There is also disclosed a method for removing clay, clay-like materials, humic acids, yeast, biological cells and/or other cell debris from an aqueous stream through contact with the aforementioned dry flocculant powder.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of treating low-concentration turbid water, which comprises adding an anionic coagulant and a cationic coagulant in this order and forcedly stirring the mixture. According to the present invention, low-concentration turbid water of even up to 100 ppm can be cleaned to below 10 ppm at a high efficiency in a single treatment.

Abstract: The process according to the invention for the separation of oil-in-water emulsions by treatment of the emulsions with organic ionic demulsifiers and/or inorganic demulsifiers comprises carrying out the separation in two steps by first adding an organic cationic demulsifier to the o/w emulsions, and then adding an inorganic demulsifier, separating the oil phase from the resulting two-phase system and then treating the aqueous phase first with an inorganic demulsifier and then with an organic anionic demulsifier.

Abstract: The use as flocculants of ferric salt/water-soluble cationic polymer compositions having inorganic:polymer weight ratios of at least 5:1 is disclosed. These compositions are especially effective in low turbidity waters.

Abstract: A method for resolving an oil-in-water emulsion by dosing the water to be resolved with a polymer produced by the emulsion polymerization of only hydrophobic monomers where at least one monomer is a neutral amine containing monomer which becomes hydrophilic when the amine is salified.

Abstract: Certain dithiocarbamates are used as reverse demulsifiers, corrosion and scale inhibitors, flocculants, biocides, flotation aids, water clarifiers, interface control agents and antifoaming agents.

Abstract: A method of treating starch-containing water comprises the step of adding water swellable, cationic polymerizate particles to the starch-containing water. The starch is soluble starch. The water-swellable cationic polymer particles are polymer particles of a crosslinking monomer and either a cationic vinyl monomer or a cationic vinyl monomer and a nonionic vinyl monomer.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for clarifying water comprising dosing the water to be clarified with a copolymer produced by the emulsion polymerization of only hydrophobic monomers where at least one hydrophobic monomer is an amine containing monomer which is hydrophobic when the amine is neutral and hydrophilic when the amine is salified.

Abstract: Certain dithiocarbamates are used as reverse demulsifiers, corrosion and scale inhibitors, flocculants, biocides, flotation aids, water clarifiers, interface control agents and antifoaming agents.

Abstract: A method for resolving emulsions produced in preparation of pharmaceuticals by fermentation and in other such bioprocesses is disclosed. The method comprises adding an effective amount of a demulsifier to an emulsion containing fermentation product that includes a pharmaceutical which is desired to be extracted from the emulsion.

Abstract: Co-polymers of diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride with up to 30 mole percent of a water soluble anionic monomer such as acrylic acid are superior coagulants for deinking process waters.

Abstract: Certain dithiocarbamates are used as reverse demulsifiers, corrosion and scale inhibitors, flocculants, biocides, flotation aids, water clarifiers, interface control agents and antifoaming agents.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the reduction in size of the pores of a filter medium for beverages, preferably beer. Silica sol is added to the beverage to be filtered. In order to be able to reduce the size of the pores of the filter medium in a simple manner and to adjust it to the requirements, upstream of the filter medium through which passes the beverage, silica sol is added continuously or in a batch-feed process using a tank, in such a quantity and controlled such that the silicic-acid precipitation, i.e. the transition from SiO.sub.2 primary particles to SiO.sub.2 secondary particles, has taken place before the beverage has left the filter medium. The resultant silicic-acid precipitation reduces the size of the pores without sealing them.

Abstract: Finely divided aqueous mineral slurries such as kaolin clay and calcium carbonate are dewatered, filtered and prepared for shipment by and with the addition of an effective amount (preferably 0.01 to 4.0 pounds per ton of solids) of melamine/formaldehyde polymer.

Abstract: Aqueous mineral slurries are treated prior to dewatering, to increase throughput, with a condensation product of formaldehyde and dicyandiamide, which may be further reacted with ammonia or an ammonia salt and an alkylenepolyamine or copper chloride.

Abstract: Surface-distributed hydrocarbons, in particular mineral oil and mineral oil processing products, are removed by allowing water and a polyether containing isocyanate end groups to act on the hydrocarbons and by mechanically removing the gel containing hydrocarbons which is formed.

Abstract: A melamine-formaldehyde detackifer having a less than 0.15% free formaldehyde which comprises a melamine-formaldehyde polymer detackifier to which has been added a formaldehyde scavenging agent selected from an effective amount of urea, acetylacetone, and a combination of urea with an enhancer selected from glyoxal and acetylacetone. The use of the low free formaldehyde detackifier is also described.

Abstract: A method for clarifying water by liquid/solid separation comprising dosing the water to be clarified with a copolymer produced by the emulsion polymerization of only hydrophobic monomers where at least one hydrophobic monomer is an amine containing monomer which is hydrophobic when the amine is neutral and hydrophilic when the amine is salified.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for conditioning in a thermosetting resin a quantity of waste stored in water.According to the invention, a liquid hardening agent, immiscible with water and having a density greater than that of the water, is used in order to harden the resin; this hardening agent is then mixed with the waste stored in the water and then the waste is left to decant in the hardening agent; then the water present above the decanted waste transferred into the liquid hardening agent is extracted and the waste transferred into the liquid hardening agent is mixed with the epoxy resin so as to obtain a solid block.In particular, the waste may be ion exchanger resins. Adding of the hardening agent to the waste stored in the water makes it possible to limit a temperature rise during hardining and to obtain solid products having an improved density.

Abstract: A process for treating organic sewage comprises the steps of mixing sewage containing organic pollutants with activated sludge under aerobic conditions, bringing the mixture of the sewage and activated sludge into contact with polyvinyl pyridine, thereby producing floc, and separating the floc from the liquid based on the difference in specific gravity.

Abstract: Waste drilling mud is stabilized for earthern burial. The waste drilling mud may be treated by flocculating, aggregating, agglomerating and dewatering the waste drilling mud and separating out free water. The free water may be reused or disposed of in a disposal well. The thickened, dewatered drilling mud solids may be further treated with a water absorbing binder to produce a residue which has sufficient bearing strength to support an earthen overburden and may be disposed of by burial. Suitable flocculating, agglomerating and dewatering polyelectrolytes may be used, including polyacrylamides, quarternary amine polymers and mixtures thereof. The water absorbing binders may include inorganic and organic materials, such as natural and synthetic water absorbing gums, polymers and inorganic colloidal absorbers.

Abstract: Coal fines are flocculated from an aqueous suspension by adding an anionic polyelectrolyte, a soluble calcium salt, and a cationic polyelectrolyte to the suspension. The anionic polyelectrolyte is preferably a high charge density, high molecular weight acrylic acid/acrylamide copolymer or a high charge density high molecular weight terpolymer of acrylic acid/methacrylic acid/ethylacrylate. The cationic polyelectrolyte is preferably a high molecular weight, low charge density dimethylamino methylmethacrylate methyl chloride quaternary ammonium salt/acrylamide copolymer, an N,N dimethyl 2 hydroxy propyl imine homopolymer or low molecular weight, a diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride polymer, or ter polyepichlorohydrin dimethyl amine.