Abstract: An improved surface evaporation system where droplet size and spray configuration is controlled and modified based upon ambient conditions in order to prevent the spreading of salts and other contaminants outside of a treatment pit or specific area. Water droplet size can be controlled by adjustment of the spray nozzle side. Increasing the nozzle size to increase droplet size results in a reduction of mist travel direction (i.e., drift distance). Reducing the nozzle size decreases the droplet size, and increases drift distance. Similarly, changing the configuration of the spray will affect drift distance. For example, changing the spray direction and height from a vertical spray direction to a flatter, more horizontal direction (with resulting greater area) results in a substantially decreased drift distance. In addition, the system also takes into account the effects of wind speed and direction and humidity. Evaporation modules may use standard spray nozzles, or ultrasonic evaporators.

Abstract: A method for treating hydrogen sulfide in a solution includes providing the solution containing hydrogen sulfide. The method also includes adding sodium nitrite to the solution in an amount suitable to react with the hydrogen sulfide and treat the hydrogen sulfide.

Abstract: A carbon-based fuel gasification power generation system is configured to remove ammonia from syngas using washing water, and effectively use the ammonia-containing washing water. The system includes a gasification facility provided with a water scrubber for removing ammonia in the syngas generated as gasified carbon-based fuel, and a power generation facility provided with a combustor for burning gas for combustion generated in the gasification facility and air for combustion humidified in the humidifying tower, and a gas turbine driven by combustion gas. The ammonia-containing water recovered in the water scrubber is supplied to the humidifying tower. Using the water, compressed air to be supplied to the combustor is humidified.

Abstract: The present invention is for an improved vertical flow reactor utility that makes the technology more attractive for industrial development. The various embodiments of the invention improve various aspects of a vertical flow reactor utility. For example, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention, the design of the reactor is improved. Other embodiments provide improved systems and methods for, for example, insertion of oxygen, electrical production, and/or reactor geometry. These one or more various embodiments of the present invention lowers costs to construct, install, and/or operate a vertical flow reactor by improving economy of construction and/or operation of VFR systems.

Abstract: Processes of consolidating oil sands tailings which includes fines and process water are disclosed. The processes include mixing the oil sands tailings with a highly water soluble salt or an aqueous solution thereof to destabilize and consolidate solids in the tailings, e.g., to destabilize and consolidate fines in the tailings and separating the consolidated solids from the process water. A water soluble polymer flocculant and coarse particles, e.g., sand, can also be used in the treatment of oil sands tailings.

Abstract: A preparation including a) at least one N-formal and b) at least one dialkylhydroxylamine. The preparation is preferably formulated as a concentrate. The preparation can be used (in particular in the form of the concentrate) for the reduction of free oxygen and the preservation of water, and also correspondingly additivated water. The mixture of N-formals with dialkylhydroxylamine is not only outstandingly compatible, but considerably improves the activity of dialkylhydroxylamines as oxygen scavengers.

Abstract: Processing contaminated water containing volatile or/and semi-volatile compounds via flash evaporation. Method and system include: superheating contaminated water (via a superheating unit), for forming superheated contaminated water having a temperature equal to or higher than a predetermined threshold temperature; flash evaporating the superheated contaminated water (via a flash evaporation unit), for forming superheated contaminated steam; and thermally oxidizing the superheated contaminated steam (via a thermal oxidation unit), so as to thermally oxidize the volatile compounds contained therein, and form thermal oxidation gas/vapor products. Optionally, further includes integrated configuration and operation of a process control/data-information processing unit, and a heat recycling unit. Results in obtaining high yields and high energy efficiencies for removal of volatile compounds from contaminated water.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention include a filter element for decomposing contaminants including a substrate, and a photocatalytic composition comprising at least a photocatalyst. The embodiments of the present invention also includes a system for decomposing contaminants including a substrate, and a photocatalytic composition comprising at least a photocatalyst; and a method using the system.

Abstract: A fuel deoxygenation system has a deoxygenator, an ultrasound transducer, and a control. The ultrasonic transducer is operable to direct ultrasonic waves into a flow passage for a fuel connected to the deoxygenator. A gas turbine engine and a method are also disclosed.

Abstract: An economical method for recovering phosphate or phosphate and nitrogen from liquid streams. A liquid containing phosphate is introduced into a culture of autotrophic microorganisms in the presence of natural or artificial light, thereby producing a liquid effluent with elevated pH and reduced alkalinity. The alkalinity is reduced through the consumption of bicarbonate/carbonate by the autotrophic microorganisms. The effluent is then chemically treated with low-cost chemicals to provide Ca++ or Mg++ ions necessary to form a phosphate precipitate such as calcium phosphate or magnesium-ammonium-phosphate (MAP). The autotrophic microorganisms can be cultivated in ponds, lagoons, or photobioreactors. The pH of the culture is adjustable within a preferred range of 7.5 to 10.5 by adjusting the photobioreactor operation.

Abstract: The invention presents innovative methods to de-scale sulfate-rich saline streams such as seawater and the like in conjunction with desalination processes. The effective de-scaling of such streams by the inventive methods: (1) enhances the performance, efficiency and cost effectiveness of desalination processes; and (2) allows the viable use of the de-scaled reject brine from desalination processes, for example, as a suitable saline water for oil-gas field's water injection operations to improve hydrocarbons recovery and/or as a feed stock for chlor-alkali industries.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for treating ballast water, and an exemplary embodiment of the present invention provides a ballast water treatment apparatus including: a tank; a spray nozzle which supplies ballast water in the form of droplets into the tank; and a gas circulation unit which supplies inert gas to the spray nozzle, and sucks inert gas that is not dissolved in the ballast water in the tank.

Abstract: Oil wells at a certain stage of their production require Improved Oil Recovery (IOR) using a compatible and suitable saline fluid. To maintain production of such wells as they age further, IOR may advance to Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) using immiscible-CO2, miscible-CO2, and miscible CO2-based Water-Alternating-Gas (WAG). This invention provides innovative methods to satisfy the need for IOR and EOR fluids in oil-fields by effectively de-scaling saline streams, recovering waste heat from flue gas, and de-sulfurizing flue gas. The methods are also useful for any power plants or combined heat and power (CHP) co-generation plants (e.g., power-seawater desalination co-generation plants) at sea locations using seawater for cooling and/or for producing drinking water. The inventive methods obviate a variety of operating, economic and environmental problems not only in oil-fields but also in power plants and CHP co-generation plants.

Abstract: A ballast water treatment operating apparatus includes a ballast water treatment unit for performing a certain treatment of ballast water flowing in from the outside for a ballast operation or performing a certain treatment of ballast water discharged into the outside for a de-ballast operation; a positional information receiving unit for receiving positional information; a control unit for confirming a ship's position by using positional information received from the positional information receiving unit and then determining whether to operate the ballast water treatment unit during a ballast operation or during a de-ballast operation, thereby being capable of preventing an unnecessary energy consumption.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for recovering valuable metals from ore with significantly reduced water consumption through the discrete treatment and storage of coarse tailings. Ore is ground to produce a coarse particulate ore. The coarse particulate ore is treated in a coarse flotation stage to produce a low grade concentrate fraction and a coarse tailings fraction. The low grade concentrate fraction is treated to produce fine tailings and a saleable concentrate. The coarse tailings are treated separately from the fine tailings and water is recovered from the coarse tailings by hydraulically stacking; filtering or screening, whereafter the coarse tailings are dry stacked, without being recombined with the fine tailings.

Abstract: A method for measuring an amount of dissolved oxygen contained in a liquid sample, including the steps of: (1) adding a deoxygenating amino compound to a liquid sample to prepare the liquid sample having a predetermined concentration of the deoxygenating amino compound; (2) after Step (1), heating the liquid sample containing the deoxygenating amino compound at a temperature of 80° C. or more; (3) after Step (2), measuring the concentration of the deoxygenating amino compound contained in the liquid sample; and (4) calculating the amount of the dissolved oxygen contained in the liquid sample in Step (1) from the amount of the reacted deoxygenating amino compound by comparing the concentration of the deoxygenating amino compound measured in Step (3) and the concentration of the deoxygenating amino compound measured in Step (1).

Abstract: A hydrate production apparatus according to the present invention comprises: a main body unit having a reaction space in which a hydrate is produced therein; an inlet pipe unit connected to one side of the main body unit so as to introduce, into the reaction space, a host material and a guest material for producing the hydrate; an outlet pipe unit connected to the other side of the main body unit so as to discharge the hydrate produced in the reaction space to the outside; and a pulverizing device unit provided inside the reaction space so as to increase a reaction area for producing the hydrate by pulverizing, into fine-sized particles, an object to be pulverized, which is at least one of the introduced host material and guest material.

Abstract: The invention relates to a combination of compounds derived from gallic acid, with an antitumoral and antimetastatic activity via a mechanism that involves the induction of apoptosis and the immunogenic death of the tumor cells and the subsequent activation of the specific immune response. The invention also relates to a composition containing a combination of derivatives of gallic acid and pharmaceutically acceptable excipients for the production of useful medicaments in the treatment of cancer. The invention further relates to the use of said composition in a coadjuvant in conventional chemotherapy, reducing the doses of chemotherapeutic agents used in the treatment of cancer.

Abstract: The invention relates to the preparation of phenolic derivatives by enzymatic condensation of phenolics selected among pyrocatechol or its derivatives with the glucose moiety of sucrose. The production of said phenolic derivatives is achieved with a glucosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.5). These O-?-glucosides of selected phenolics are new, have a solubility in water higher than that of their parent polyphenol and have useful applications in cosmetic and pharmaceutical compositions, such as antioxidative, antiviral, antibacterial, immune-stimulating, antiallergic, antihypertensive, anti-ischemic, antiarrythmic, antithrombotic, hypocholesterolemic, antilipoperoxidant, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic, antimutagenic, antineoplastic, anti-thrombotic and vasodilatory formulations, or in any other field of application.

Abstract: A method for the utilization of reaction water formed during the synthesis of hydrocarbons from synthesis gas in a GTL process includes the cleaning of oxygenates while quenching of the synthesis gas at a temperature of more than 500° C. while in contact with a catalyst for steam conversion of oxygenates, and the degasification of the cleaned up reaction water. Cleaned up and degasified water is utilized for cooling synthesis gas to a temperature of lower than 400° C. and for water steam production. The invention ensures efficient treatment of reaction water with removal of oxygenates, the use of obtained treated water as boiler feed water, and for the production of water steam.

Abstract: A process for producing an oxygen absorbing agent includes treating an alloy with an aqueous solution of an acid or an alkali, the alloy including at least one transition metal selected from the group consisting of manganese, iron, platinum, and copper group metals and at least one metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, zinc, tin, lead, magnesium, and silicon to elute and remove at least a part of the component; and subjecting the alloy obtained by removing at least a part of the component in the alloy to treatment with an aqueous solution of a salt of an inorganic acid or a salt of an organic acid that can form a salt with the transition metal as the component, to form a metal salt in at least a part of the surface of the alloy.

Abstract: A method for treating acid mine drainage includes mixing acid mine drainage (20) and alkaline tailings from a gold recovery process (140). The acid mine drainage is thereby neutralized (12).

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for recycling waste sulfuric acid solution are provided. The method includes providing a reaction tank and introducing a waste sulfuric acid (H2SO4) solution into the reaction tank, and the waste sulfuric acid solution includes hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The method also includes supplying a compound containing chlorine into the reaction tank. The method further includes mixing the compound containing chlorine with the waste sulfuric acid solution to promote a chemical reaction that decomposes the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).

Abstract: A water treatment system is provided including a tank having a top, a control valve, and an air inlet. The control valve is positioned on the top of the tank and in fluid communication with the tank. The control valve includes a plurality of orifices in fluid communication with a source of untreated water, a treated water outlet, a drain, and a source of sterilizing fluid. The air inlet is in fluid communication with the tank and with a first venturi. The control valve is operative to control the flow of untreated water through the first venturi to draw air through the air inlet and into the tank. The control valve includes a sterilizer valve that is operative to open and close at least one passage in fluid communication between the control valve and the source of sterilizing fluid.

Abstract: A method for treating drainage containing hydrogen peroxide that has been used for sterilizing and washing an inside of a water treatment system or washing and surface finishing of electronic components includes passing the drainage through the hydrogen peroxide decomposition reactor, injecting effluent water from the hydrogen peroxide decomposition reactor into a side part of the tubular container of the gas-liquid separator, and contacting the drainage with the hydrogen peroxide decomposition catalyst to decompose the hydrogen peroxide in the drainage into oxygen and water, thereby yielding the treated water.

Abstract: A method of treatment of water in an aquatic environment. Water is first pumped from a reservoir to a first mixing station. An inert gas is introduced into the pumped water at the first mixing station to provide inert gas saturated water, which inert gas saturated water will displace undesired gasses in the water in the reservoir. The inert gas saturated water is then pumped to a sparging column such that the inert gas and undesired gasses will be released from the inert gas saturated water to provide depleted water.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and arrangement for the treatment of liquid material based on organic waste products, in particular sludge from sewage disposal plants and the like, wherein the sludge material is added and mixed with chemicals, in particular sulphuric acid, nitric acid, and/or ammonia, during the vaporization and degasification of liquid from the material to increase the solids content thereof.

Abstract: A method for removing chloride from samples containing volatile organic carbon, wherein a chloride containing sample is mixed with a difficultly volatile acid, wherein hydrochloric acid gas arises, which is present in dissolved form in a sample-acid mixture and then the hydrochloric acid gas is purged by a carrier gas from the sample-acid mixture, wherein the hydrochloric acid gas is removed from the carrier gas following the purging and the carrier gas is fed back to the sample-acid mixture. In order during the hydrochloric acid purging largely to suppress the driving out of easily volatile organic compounds, the sample-acid mixture has a temperature of approximately 3° C. to 30° C., wherein, following the purging from the sample-acid mixture, the hydrochloric acid gas is removed from the carrier gas by absorption with water.

Abstract: A method and device for the wet oxidation treatment of liquid waste laden with mineral matter in suspension. The device comprises a reactor including a treatment column, first and second heat exchangers placed upstream and downstream, respectively, of the reactor. The solution to be treated, laden with mineral matter to which an oxidizing gas has been added, is injected into the reactor for treatment after being preheated in the first heat exchanger. When the solution exits the reactor, the hot treated mixture is divided into two hot stream fragments. The first hot treated mixture stream fragment, the flow rate of which is kept constant by a diaphragm column, is used for controlling the temperature of the first heat exchanger and then discharged after being used in the first heat exchanger. The second hot treated mixture stream fragment is directly cooled and discharged when the second hot treated mixture stream fragment leaves the reactor.

Abstract: A process for removing acid decomposable contaminants from a processing liquid wherein an acid is admixed with a processing liquid and the mixture of acid and processing liquid are introduced into a degassing vessel such that the gas formed by the reaction of the acids and the decomposable gases is released and a processing liquid freed of acid decomposable contaminants is removed from the degassing vessel.

Abstract: Process to generate synthesis gas and/or liquid raw materials and/or energy materials from waste and/or biomass by performing the following steps: a) solvolysis of the organic components of waste and/or biomass in an alkaline solution or hydrate smelter at a temperature range of 150° to 250° C. and pressure between 3 and 12 bar, whereby the organic components are converted into at least one liquid phase and the inorganic components are sedimented; b) elimination of the inorganic components from the liquid phase by physical separation methods; c) transfer of the vapors generated during the solvolysis into a rectification column, where the organic components are separated from water; and d) further separation of the organic components by rectification, extraction and sorption and/or conversion by thermal gasification into synthesis gas or burnable gas.

Abstract: An apparatus for continuous hydrolysis of sludge comprising material of biological origin, such as organic material, the apparatus comprising a reactor with: an inlet for feeding sludge into the reactor in a feeding zone thereof, an inlet for feeding steam into the reactor in a steam feeding zone thereof, an outlet for allowing processed sludge to exit the reactor, wherein at least a part of the reactor forms a first ascending zone in which the sludge during use flows in an upwards direction, and a first descending zone in which the sludge during use flows in a downwards direction. A first gas collecting zone is defined in the transition between the first ascending zone and the first descending zone, and a first gas outlet is arranged to allow a part of the gas collected in the first gas collecting zone to be removed, while a part of the gas remains in the gas collecting zone.

Abstract: A solvent that reversibly converts from a hydrophobic liquid form to hydrophilic liquid form upon contact with water and a selected trigger, e.g., contact with CO2, is described. The hydrophilic liquid form is readily converted back to the hydrophobic liquid form and water. The hydrophobic liquid is an amidine or amine. The hydrophilic liquid form comprises an amidinium salt or an ammonium salt.

Abstract: Process for reducing the Total Organic Carbon of a first aqueous composition (A) comprising submitting (A) to a treatment with active chlorine at a first pH value in order to obtain a second aqueous composition (B), submitting at least one part of (B) to a venting treatment at a second pH value lower than the first pH value in order to obtain a third aqueous composition (C) and submitting at least one part of (C) to a treatment with active chlorine at a third pH value lower than the second pH value in order to obtain a fourth aqueous composition (D) with a Total Organic Carbon lower than the Total Organic Carbon of (A).

Abstract: A system is provided that substantially increases the efficiency of CO2 capture and removal by positioning a catalyst within an optimal distance from the air-liquid interface. The catalyst is positioned within the layer determined to be the highest concentration of carbon dioxide. A hydrophobic tether is attached to the catalyst and the hydrophobic tether modulates the position of the catalyst within the liquid layer containing the highest concentration of carbon dioxide.

Abstract: The invention discloses an apparatus and method to uniformly disperse ozone gas bubbles into liquid phase water for the treatment thereof. The apparatus consists of a water inlet section connected with a section with structured packing or monolith having parallel flow channels. A portion of the influent water is withdrawn from the main water stream as a side stream, pressurized by a pump, mixed with ozone-containing gas, and then injected back into the main water flow. The side stream may be divided into multiple streams either before or after mixing with the ozone-containing gas, and then injected into the main flow section upstream of the packed section. In alternate embodiments, the ozone-containing gas can be injected directly through the gas diffusers just upstream of the packed section in order to achieve uniform concentration of gas and liquid in the fluid entering the monolith.

Abstract: The invention relates to a solution for enriching a liquid with oxygen. For this purpose, oxygen from the ambient air is introduced into the liquid by means of an injector and is partially dissolved in it. The liquid which leaves the injector, and which is laden with dissolved and undissolved gas components of the air, is then introduced into at least one degassing unit (2), which is connected downstream to the injector, for the removal of undissolved gas components that form bubbles in the liquid. According to the invention, the injector involves a multiple injector having at least two injector chambers (11, 12, 13, 14).

Abstract: A system of treating high nitrogen content waste water is disclosed, where the system includes a precipitation and conditioning subsystem, an ammonia stripper subsystem, and a denitrification subsystem. The system is adapted to reduce nitrogen contamination to level below about 10 ppm and in certain embodiments below 3 ppm.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for treating potable water in municipal and similar tanks to reduce and remove undesirable disinfectant byproducts such as trihalomethanes from the water by providing a water circulation system to create circulation patterns in the tank water and an air flow system for creating an air flow pattern in the headspace region of the enclosed tank above the water surface. In operation, a portion of the tank water is drawn-up a draft tube from the tank floor to above the water surface and sprayed through a nozzle outwardly about a vertical axis and slightly downwardly toward the surface of remaining tank water. The air flow system creates and directs a high volume of air through the tank above the water surface to volatize undesirable trihalomethanes in the drawn-up water portion to gaseous state to enter the air flow pattern and exit the tank into ambient air.

Abstract: A method for treating hydrogen sulfide in a solution includes providing the solution containing hydrogen sulfide. The method also includes adding sodium nitrite to the solution in an amount suitable to react with the hydrogen sulfide and treat the hydrogen sulfide.

Abstract: Implementations of the present invention relate to systems, methods, and apparatus for filtering and treating water, such as tap water, well water, spring water, etc., and producing drinking, bathing, and swimming water. More specifically, such systems, methods, and apparatus can produce purified water by removing substantially all suspended as well as dissolved solids, undesirable acids, gasses and all and any contaminates from the water. Additionally, the systems, methods, and apparatus can produce reprogrammed high biophoton mineralized drinking water by chilling vortexing over proprietary lodestones, ingenious, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks and creating bicarbonate ions in the water introducing minerals and/or salts into the water.

Abstract: A mercury remediation method and apparatus for reducing mercury levels in water to a nanogram per liter level that uses four treatment steps: (1) chelation; (2) oxidation; (3) reduction; and (4) air stripping, vapor/liquid separation. There is a fifth step in the process, which does not involve the wastewater. It is to scrub the stripper air of the volatile mercury in an off-gas adsorption unit or to condense volatile mercury in a cryogenic mercury trap.

Abstract: A process and apparatus to remove and breakdown volatile organic compounds from drinking water, groundwater, wastewater, frack water and air exhaust. The process entails filling a tank, chamber, pipe, or column with ozone-containing gas, introducing into this ozone-containing gas-filled tank, chamber, pipe or column, very small droplets of water, contaminated with volatile organic compounds which then volatilize out from the water and break down in the ozone gas thereby improving the water quality and associated air quality. The current invention has been shown to achieve more than 99% combined removal efficiency. The process can also be used to treat air streams containing volatile organic compounds. To increase efficiency, ozone is introduced where the atomized particles are smallest. Three configurations utilizing said process include upward and downward spray of contaminated water into ozone and pumping through openings in an enclosure to a reaction chamber filled with ozone-containing gas.

Abstract: A method for treating hydrogen sulfide in a solution includes providing the solution containing hydrogen sulfide. The method also includes adding sodium nitrite to the solution in an amount suitable to react with the hydrogen sulfide and treat the hydrogen sulfide.

Abstract: Imido-acid salts and compositions containing imido-acid salts are described herein. Methods of their preparation and use are also described herein. The methods of using the imido-acid salts include the reduction of volatile compounds from gas and liquid streams and the delivery of pharmaceutical agents to subjects.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for controlling, mercury emissions, and more particularly, to methods for controlling mercury re-emissions from a wet flue gas desulfurizer used in a combustion process. A method of controlling mercury re-emission from a combustion process includes measuring either mercury concentration, oxidation-reduction, potential (ORP), and/or sulfide concentration within a scrubber liquor of a wet flue gas desulpherizer (wFGD); correlating the mercury concentration, ORP, and /or sulfide concentration with an amount of mercury re-emission additive required in the scrubber liquor to reduce and/or prevent mercury re-emission to a selected level; and adjusting the rate of addition of mercury re-emission additive into the scrubber liquor to attain the selected level of mercury re-emission.

Abstract: A solvent that reversibly converts from a hydrophobic liquid form to hydrophilic liquid form upon contact with water and a selected trigger, e.g., contact with CO2, is described. The hydrophilic liquid form is readily converted back to the hydrophobic liquid form and water. The hydrophobic liquid is an amidine or amine. The hydrophilic liquid form comprises an amidinium salt or an ammonium salt.

Abstract: The present invention provides processes for removing nitrogen species from fresh water or high salinity water recirculated aquaculture systems. The processes are based on physico-chemical treatments which are performed at ambient temperatures and at low p H values thus keeping the total ammonia nitrogen concentrations below a value which is considered detrimental for the growth or survival rate of cultured fish/shrimp.

Abstract: A method for treating effluent containing dissolved or suspended solids includes directing the effluent containing dissolved or suspended solids to a reactor and oxidizing at least a portion of the dissolved or suspended solids in the reactor with an oxidizing agent. Oxidation is carried out at a temperature ranging between approximately 20° C. and approximately 350° C. and at a pressure ranging between approximately 1 bar and approximately 160 bar. A gaseous phase and a liquid phase form within the reactor during oxidation. The method includes separating the gaseous phase from the liquid phase and heating the effluent in the reactor with the heat produced from the oxidation of the dissolved or suspended solids.

Abstract: A process for working up alkaline process wastewater from the nitration of aromatic compounds to mono-, di- and trinitroaromatics, said alkaline process wastewater having a pH of 7.5 to 13, comprising the steps of a) acidifying the alkaline process wastewater by adding concentrated sulfuric acid which originates from the workup of the aqueous, sulfuric acid-containing phase obtained in the nitration to a pH below 5, which forms a mixture A consisting of organic phase which separates out and acidic aqueous phase, b) contacting the mixture A with fresh sewage sludge, and c) removing the sewage sludge.