Abstract: The invention relates to zirconium phosphate of H form which is characterized by a 31P NMR spectra comprising peaks at ?4.7 ppm, ?12.8 ppm and ?17.0 ppm (all peaks being in a range of ±0.5 ppm). Also featured is a Na form of the material. The zirconium phosphate material is characterized by a unique surface area, pore size distribution and surface morphology, as well as by an affinity for NH4+ ions and moisture insensitivity. Also featured is hafnium phosphate characterized by moisture insensitivity. The zirconium phosphate may be amorphous and possess a framework-type structure. The inventive method of making zirconium phosphate includes the steps of heating an aqueous mixture including a zirconium compound and a phosphorous-containing reagent at a temperature of at least 120° C. to form a reaction product, and treating the reaction product with acid at a temperature of at least 60° C.

Abstract: A new biofilm-activated sludge Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) treatment process for sewage or wastewater has successfully been developed as the third generation SBR (SBR3). This new SBR3 process utilizes a multi-stage and multi-sludge SBR configuration receiving either continuous or intermittent inflow of wastewater. Each stage has individually controlled continuous or alternating anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic operation, with or without mixing and recycling from the other stage(s). The configuration and operation is dependent upon the treatment objectives and effluent discharge requirements. In the preferred embodiment, carriers are used to facilitate control of operating conditions.

Abstract: A wastewater treatment product prepared from seaweed and a process for the treatment of wastewater. In a first step, seaweed is mixed with a preservative, micro-nutrient, oxygen-containing, and antifungal component. In the second step, the product of the first step is then mixed with a humic acid additive along with an oxygen-based component and a lactobacillus/aloe component to achieve the final product. This final product is then spread over the surface of the wastewater in sufficient quantities to see a reduction in the BOD, TSS, ammonia, and phosphorus, while at the time minimizing the amount of sludge removal.

Abstract: A method of treating an animal waste slurry so as to efficiently extract nutrients, and which can be performed in a zero-discharge system, comprises flocculating the slurry, processing, e.g. filtering, the flocculated slurry to separate liquid from solid material, drying the solid material, processing the liquid to extract ammonium, phosphorous and potassium from the slurry, all within 24 hours, and preferably on average within 12 hours, of production of the waste material by animals. Since the urates of potassium and ammonium in the slurry take a few hours to break down, they remain in crystalline form and therefore a larger portion of the total amount of potassium and ammonium in the slurry can be extracted.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process and device for selectively removing at least one functionalized organic compound present in a liquid medium. More specifically the present invention is useful for removing functionalized organic compounds, that may accumulate in the mixture of extractant and diluent, used in processes for reprocessing nuclear fuel or processes for cleaning and decontaminating nuclear power plants.

Abstract: A media used in conjunction with any system than is comprised at least of a septic or anoxic tank followed by an aerobic or alternating aerobic/anoxic treatment unit that is providing nitrification. The media enhances denitrification of effluent that has been recycled from the nitrification unit to the anoxic tank. The is comprised of a number of synthetic cords with a specific gravity less than the specific gravity of the effluent. The cords are attached to the bottom of the septic or anoxic tank. The cords will float in the liquid flow stream of the septic/anoxic tank providing a number of surfaces for fixed film organisms.

Abstract: A process for wet oxidation of a waste stream containing organic carbon and organic or inorganic nitrogen-containing pollutants which comprises initially removing organic or inorganic nitrogen-containing pollutants using a nitrate salt of an aliphatic or aromatic amine as the denitrifying agent at a temperature from 180 to 300° C. and a pressure sufficient to maintain liquid phase conditions; and, then, effecting further removal of the organic carbon containing pollutant by treatment with activated carbon, chemical oxidation, or biotreatment.

Abstract: A aquarium filter for filtering water being introduced into an aquarium. The aquarium filter includes a body member comprising a perimeter wall. The perimeter wall defines a bore extending through the body member. The body member is designed for being coupled to a hose whereby the bore of the body member is for permitting water from the hose to pass through the body member. A filtering material is positioned in the bore of the body member. The filtering material is designed for contacting the water whereby the filtering material is for filtering contaminants and chemicals from the water when the water passes through the body member. A tip member is coupled to the body member. The tip member is positioned opposite the hose whereby the tip member is designed for reducing air bubbles in the water.

Abstract: A wastewater treatment system includes a first lagoon having an inlet for receiving wastewater to be treated and a first vertical flow marsh cell having a bottom outlet. Water can be transported from the first lagoon to the first marsh cell. A second lagoon has an inlet for receiving water from the first marsh cell outlet and a second vertical flow marsh cell having a bottom outlet. Water can be transported from the second lagoon to the second marsh cell. At least a portion of the water exiting the second marsh cell outlet can be recycled to the first lagoon. The first and the second lagoon are adapted to function essentially aerobically and to contain plants having roots positioned to contact water flowing thereinto. The first and the second marsh cell are adapted to contain plants having roots positioned to contact water flowing thereinto.

Abstract: There is a disclosed or process for treating industrial waste water highly loaded with ammonium, by treating the waste water with nitrifying microogransims (nitric bacteria) in the presence of a suspended carrier substance with a specific surface area of >20 m2/g and optionally a denitrification with denitrifying microorganisms (denitrifying bacteria). According to a modification of the process, a finely-divided carbon-containing material with a surface-pH value of around 6 to 9 is used instead of the silicate carrier substance.

Abstract: The disclosed invention is a fixed bed ion exchange water purification system. It employs a combination of electronically controlled process steps and specific systems configurations to duplicate the effects of moving resin beds from one operating position to another as is required in moving bed ion exchange water purification systems. The invention combines features of single fixed bed ion exchange systems with those of a moving bed system. The invention applies to the treatment of water having typical industrial and drinking water concentrations of various ions.

Abstract: A method of treating water containing a nitrogen compound, and an apparatus of treating water containing a nitrogen compound at high speed without using a biologically unstable treatment causing eutrophication in lakes and swamps. The waste water is introduced into an adsorbing tank that is filled with a zeolite, only nitrogen components are adsorbed by the zeolite, a solution containing hypochlorous acid or hypobromous acid is introduced into the adsorbing tank, and the nitrogen adsorbed in the zeolite is decomposed by the hypochlorous acid or the hypobromous acid.

Abstract: There are proposed a waste water treating method, a waste water treating appratus and a waste water treating system which are capable of treating a nitrogen compound and a phosphorus compound in the same treating vessel and treating waste water containing a nitrogen compound and a phosphorus compound efficiently. The waste water treating method is a method for treating a nitrogen compound and a phosphorus compound in for-treatment water by an electrochemical process, wherein a metal material constituting a cathode is a conductive material, a conductive material constituting an anode is an insoluble material or carbon, and there is carried out at lease one of a step of adding calcium chloride to the for-treatment water and a step of immersing an iron material in the for-treatment water.

Abstract: A process for the recovery of nitrogen from anaerobically digested liquid waste and for the collection of the nitrogen as nitrate compounds that can be used to produce fertilizer and compost, includes stripping ammonia from anaerobically digested liquid waste, and converting the ammonia into nitrates via nitrification.

Abstract: A wastewater treatment system includes a tidal, sequential vertical flow marsh cell system having at least three marsh cells in serial forward fluid communication. Incoming wastewater to be treated is channeled to at least the first and a second marsh cell, and a portion of water exiting a final marsh cell, to the first marsh cell surface. Each marsh cell is alternately flooded and drained for enhancing aeration of incoming water and marsh cell contents, which include media and plant roots having biofilms growing thereon, the biofilms including a population of nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria, for achieving substantially simultaneous nitrification and denitrification of the wastewater.

Abstract: A reactor has an aerobic tank, an anoxic tank and a sealed membrane tank with conduits for circulating mixed liquor between them. Permeation starts when the mixed liquor reaches a high level and stops when the mixed liquor reaches a low level. A sensor, for detecting the mixed liquor level, may stop and start permeation. Pressure builds in the membrane tank when membrane air is on. Transmembrane pressure is also provided by gravity flow or siphon. Membrane air generates an air lift which drives the mixed liquor circulation. The total amount of air provided by an air source is divided and varied in time between the membrane aerator and the process aerator. The process aerator acts as a screening inlet to the conduit to the membrane tank. Chemical maintenance cleaning is provided by gravity flow.

Abstract: The invention is a water purification system through denitrifying reduction with faculative anaerobes in which a nitrate harmful in the breeding of creatures such as tropical fishes and coral for appreciation and fishes and shellfishes for food and the like is decomposed and denitrifying-reduced in a short time. In this case, an aerobic circulating pathway of water reduced through a filter using aerobes is separately arranged from an anaerobic circulating pathway of water reduced through a closed type anaerobic filter device (10) using anaerobes. A nitrate produced in the aerobic circulating pathway is exuded into the anaerobic circulating pathway through powdery sand (5). This nitrate is decomposed in the anaerobic circulating pathway. A nitrogen gas inside the anaerobic circulating pathway produced in the decomposition of the nitrate is discharged at an isolated state so as not to contact with water in the aerobic circulating pathway.

Abstract: A multi-phase process for removing phosphorus from wastewater in a triple ditch or triple basin system where wastewater influent is sequentially directed to each of the three basins or ditches, sometimes referred to as first and second outer basins and an intermediate basin. During each phase of the process, the mixed liquor in at least one of the basins is subject to settling. In one or more phases of the process, the mixed liquor, in certain basins, is subjected to anaerobic and aerobic treatment. Anaerobic treatment results in the growth or proliferation of phosphorus storing microorganisms. These phosphorus-storing microorganisms take up phosphorus when the mixed liquor is subjected to aerobic conditions. One of the basins, the intermediate basin, can be designed to have a volume greater than either of the first or second outer basins. Further, the triple basin or triple ditch system is designed to transfer mixed liquor suspended solids or biomass from one basin to another.

Abstract: A process for removing pollutants from aqueous streams is disclosed. The process involves contacting the stream with a shaped ion exchange composite to remove ammonium and phosphate ions. The composite is a mixture of an anion exchange composition such as zirconia and a microporous cation exchange composition formed into a shaped article and optionally containing a binder such as hydrous zirconium oxide. The microporous cation exchangers are represented by the empirical formula.

Abstract: To purify wastewater discharged from lavatories (3), a wastewater purifying apparatus having a shell contact aeration chamber (6, 7) placed with shell microbial carrier members (15), the wastewater being fed to and purified in the shell contact aeration chamber (6, 7). Shells whose mother-of-pearl layer on the inner surface (b) is at least removed are used as the microbial carrier member (15).

Abstract: Provided is a wastewater treatment apparatus including a bottom portion and a plate formed above and spaced apart from the bottom portion to form a lower chamber with the bottom portion, an outlet installed on the bottom portion for drawing off water and sludge in the lower chamber before backwashing, a filter medium layer supported to the upper portion of the plate by the plate, the upper layer of which forms a bottom portion of an upper chamber, a wastewater introducing means connected to the lower chamber, for introducing wastewater to be treated into the lower chamber, a process air introducing means for supplying process air to the filter medium layer formed over the plate, a plurality of aerators formed over and spaced apart a predetermined distance from the plate, and mounted in a plurality of air flow pipes led to the process air introducing means, a backwash air introducing means for supplying backwash air to the lower chamber during backwashing, a backwash water introducing means for supplying backw

Abstract: A device for treating a liquid effluent such as pig slurry containing significant quantities of nitrogen and phosphorus, the device including a mixing reactor for contacting the liquid effluent with the basic reagent, provided with an intake for said effluent and another intake for the basic reagent; an ammonia-extracting reactor, connected to the mixing reactor, and a tank for storing the treated liquid effluent derived from the ammonia-extracting reactor.

Abstract: A device and method for the treatment of effluent with activated sludge in suspension, for the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus and for simultaneous sludge stabilization. An activated chamber has a fermentation zone, a denitrification zone and a nitrification zone, whereby the fermentation zone and the denitrification zone in the activated chamber, are separated by scum boards and overflow barriers in the direction of flow, providing ascending flow and descending flow chambers in the anaerobic fermentation zone and the denitrification zone.

Abstract: Nitrate-containing (contaminated) solutions are reduced with SO2 gas in the presence of an at least equimolar amount of NH4+ or ammonium salt.

Abstract: A method for denitrification of water, in which the water to be denitrified is made to flow over a porous carrier which comprises a transition metal, preferably palladium, used in an amount between 0.01 and 5% by weight on the carrier and on which denitrifying bacterial strains capable of surviving in the presence of hydrogen are made to adhere, and in which hydrogen is used as a reducing agent and the pH of the reaction is adjusted to values of 4.5 to 7.8 preferably by using carbon dioxide.

Abstract: A sewage treatment plant, on the liquid side, is operated so as to effect nitrification and denitrification within a single tank and simultaneously to remove water, without the need for separate clarification. An aerobic/anoxic zone is maintained in a single tank, wherein the SymBio process of U.S. Pat. No. 5,906,746 is maintained. This is combined with the advantages of an MBR process, by placing a series of membrane separators within the tank and continuously withdrawing nearly pure water. Supplemental process air provided in the MBR tank is controlled by the SymBio process to maintain simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in a single tank and thus reducing the additional process air requirements.

Abstract: A method for purifying water including nitrification by aerobic bacteria and denitrification by anaerobic bacteria in an apparatus by providing an elongated, closed water channel.

Abstract: A system and method for treating wastewater including: delivering untreated wastewater into a permeable container disposed in an impoundment. A wastewater input moves untreated wastewater to the interior of the permeable container. Treated wastewater is flowed through the permeable container and is removed via a wastewater output. A method of practicing wastewater treatment, comprising the steps of delivering untreated wastewater into a permeable container contained within an impoundment; treating the wastewater in the permeable container; moving treated wastewater from the interior of the permeable container to a position between the interior of the permeable container and the exterior of the impoundment; and removing the treated wastewater from the impoundment.

Abstract: An improved method for the aerobic thermophilic treatment of organic material of the type in which air is passed through organic matter contained in a reactor, in which at least a portion of the air that has passed through the organic matter in the reactor being captured and again passed through the organic matter.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods, devices and apparatus for bioremediation of mixed waste aquifers, based on a synergistic combination of reductive treatment using zero-valent iron and anaerobic biotransformations. Also disclosed are methods for in situ and ex situ remediation of groundwater and wastewater via these iron-bacterial compositions in a variety of devices including batch reactors, permeable and semipermeable reactive barriers, flow-through reactors, fluidized bed reactors, and sediment tanks.

Abstract: A system comprising a first anaerobic digester (12), an ammonia recovery vessel (16) and a second anaerobic digester (14). Microorganisms in the first digester are primarily hydrolyzers and acetogens, while those in the second digester are primarily methanogens. A nitrogen containing feed stock undegoes hydrolysis ans acetogenesis in the first digester. The effluent is passed to the ammonia recovery vessel in which ammonia is removed. The low ammonia effluent stream is passed to the second digester to undergo methanogenesis, generating a biogas. In an alternate embodiment, a single anaerobic digester is used. The effluent is treated for ammonia removal and recycled to the digester to keep the ammonia levels sufficiently low to avoid ammonia inhibition.

Abstract: Novel compositions are described for use in nitrate removal and treatment of water such as water and wastewater streams produced by processes in mining operations, agriculture industries operations, industrial operations, military operations, etc. These novel compositions are also useful for the treatment of water and wastewater streams associated with the running of industries and with the production and maintenance of livestock. Advantages of these novel compositions include use of them without need for pH adjustment and/or the presence of electropositive metals, inorganic acid, or alkaline compounds. One embodiment of these novel compositions comprises: (1) a sufficient amount of organic modified clay, (2) a highly crosslinked carbohydrate polymer with branched-chain structure containing sulfide and/or disulfide groups, or an alloy or blend of such a polymer with triazine-trithione sodium salt, (3) high swelling sodium bentonite or calcium bentonite, and (4) activated carbon.

Abstract: In the liquid side of sewage treatment process, a combination aerobic/anoxic stage is closely monitored such that phosphorus can be removed as well as nitrogen. As in a known process, the aerobic/anoxic stage is monitored as to a coenzyme of the active bacteria. When the bacteria of flocs within this stage show a switch to anaerobic condition via such coenzyme, the low dissolved oxygen level in the stage is maintained for a preselected period of time or to a preselected extent of the anaerobic condition, before oxygen is added. This somewhat brief anaerobic condition within the flocs is sufficient to release significant amounts of phosphorus into the liquid. When aeration then is increased, enhanced biological phosphorus uptake is effected. A small aerobic stage is included after the aerobic/anoxic stage to ensure maximum phosphorus uptake, and in one embodiment this stage includes a membrane separator, allowing downstream secondary clarification to be eliminated.

Abstract: The invention relates to problematic waste water with highly concentrated impurities, for example seepage water from a refuse dump, which is anaerobically degraded in an anaerobic treatment zone (digester) and the digested sludge arising therefrom is mechanically de-watered. Simultaneously, communal waste water is purified in a purification plant containing an aerobic treatment zone, wherein advanced nitrification/denitrification and/or phosphorous elimination can be activated/started by recycling oxygen and nitrate rich water and sludge back into the inlet area. In the aerobic purification zone, the excess digested sludge, in which a large part of the AOX load of the communal waste is incorporated, is mechanically de-watered and is discharged into the anaerobic purification zone (digester), in order to degrade the AOX load by decomposition. The degree of dewatering of the excess sludge is controlled according to the amount of problematic waste water to be processed.

Abstract: A method for removing contaminants from water involves filtering the water through a filtering apparatus which includes a porous media container having an inner chamber which is suitably configured so that water can pass through the chamber and processed straw retained within and suitably within the chamber such that when water passes through the chamber, it also passes through the straw. A method is provided for enhancing the composting (470) of organic matter, e.g., sludge, including the steps of adding processed straw to a compost mixture and digesting said mixture.

Abstract: A process is provided for full treatment of animal manure and other organic slurries containing suspended solids, and dissolved organic matter, nitrogen, and phosphorus, without the need for anaerobic digestion or anaerobic stabilization lagoons. The process includes: centrifugal decanting, flocculation, dissolved air flotation thickening, centrate heating, acidification in fluidized bed reactor, biological removal of phosphorus, nitrogen and dissolved organic matter in microfiltration membrane bioreactor and disinfection with ultraviolet radiation. The process separates liquids from solids, converts solids into organo-mineral fertilizer pellets, and treats the liquid to dischargeable standards. Land application for effluent disposal is not required because the treatment removes all nutrients.

Abstract: A magnetic sludge which is suitable for use in waste water treatment, is easy to prepare, contains microbes and interacts with a magnetic field; and a method for treating waste water with improved efficiency comprising employing a biological membrane which uses the magnetic sludge and hence is easy to control its movement.

Abstract: A method for estimating incoming pollution loads during operation of a municipal wastewater treatment plant involves the step of continuously measuring the conductivity and turbidity of the raw water to be treated. The concentration of a pollutant in the raw water to be treated is estimated as a function of the measured conductivity and turbidity. The flow rate of the raw water to be treated is also continuously measured. The load of the pollutant in the raw water to be treated is estimated as a function of the estimated concentration of the pollutant and the measured flow rate. The estimated pollutant load allows adjustment of downstream treatment for eliminating the estimated total load of the pollutant.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of treating waste water including nitrogen-containing organic compounds to convert these compounds into harmless gases without performing a post-treatment. The method comprises spraying waste water in a heated space to gasify the waste water into waste gas, and oxidizing the waste gas by contacting it with a catalyst to convert the nitrogen-containing organic compounds into harmless gases. An apparatus for treating waste water using the method is also disclosed.

Abstract: An apparatus to transfer gas to or from a liquid has a flexible and oxygen permeable but liquid water impermeable membrane, a flexible and gas permeable spacer, an inlet conduit, an outlet conduit and a non-rigid restraint system. When used for treating wastewater, an aerobic biofilm is cultured adjacent the planar elements, an anoxic biofilm is cultivated adjacent the aerobic biofilm and the wastewater is maintained in an anaerobic state. A first reactor for treating wastewater has an anaerobic section, a plurality of gas transfer membrane modules, and an aerobic section. A biofilm is cultivated on the surface of the gas transfer membranes in fluid communication with the anaerobic section. Biological reduction of COD, BOD, nitrogen and phosphorous are achieved. In a second reactor, phosphorous is also removed chemically in a precipitation branch.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for treating a wastewater comprising an ammonium ion species and a phosphorus ion species. The process comprises the steps of: (i) treating the effluent in a first stage of the process to convert the phosphorus to a phosphorus-containing salt; (ii) treating the wastewater in a second stage of the process to convert the ammonium ion species to gaseous ammonia; (iii) removing the struvite and/or other phosphorous containing salts from the effluent; and (iv) removing the gaseous ammonia from the wastewater.

Abstract: An in situ method and system for reductive dechlorination, the precipitation of chromium, the precipitation of heavy metals, and microbial denitrification. The invention comprises the formation of in situ anaerobic reactive zones to precipitate and filter out dissolved heavy metals as metallic sulfides, to degrade nitrate to nitrogen gas, to reduce chlorinated hydrocarbons to ethene, and to precipitate and filter out chromium. The invention is comprised of an injection well or wells that extend into a contaminated groundwater. A conduit located within the injection well conveys a reagent to the contaminated groundwater. The reagent may be a carbohydrate rich solution. Microbes digest the carbohydrates to produce sulfate reducing and methanogenic conditions within the reactive zone that include a dissolved oxygen level less than about 0.5 mg/l, a redox potential less than about −250 mv, and a dissolved organic carbon to contaminant ratio of greater than about 50:1.

Abstract: A biofilter system of the present invention utilizes an Alternating-Aerobic-Anoxic (AAA) process in a single reactor to provide efficient and cheap removal of carbonaceous materials, nitrogenous materials, and/or mixtures thereof from aqueous waste. The biofilter system of the present invention is particularly suitable for treating aqueous waste from aquaculture, industrial processes and animal husbandry. The biofilter system includes: a main biofilter chamber containing therein aerobic and anaerobic bacteria without physical separation; an inlet port and an outlet port connected to the main biofilter chamber; and a means for oxygenating the aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in the main biofilter chamber, including means for timing the oxygenation of the aerobic and anaerobic bacteria to provide alternating periods of high-oxygen conditions and anoxic conditions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device and method for the treatment of effluent with activated sludge in suspension, for the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus and for simultaneous sludge stabilisation. An activated chamber (5, 6) is provided with a fermentation zone (5), a denitrification zone (6) and a nitrification zone (7), whereby the fermentation zone (5) and the denitrification zone (6) in the activated chamber (5, 6), are separated by scum boards (3) and overflow barriers (4) in the direction of flow, giving rise to ascending flow and descending flow chambers in the anaerobic fermentation zone (5) and the denitrification zone (6).

Abstract: Phosphate-contaminated water passes through a domestic sewage treatment system, in which oxidation of the ammonium progresses far enough to cause a lowering of the pH to 5 or less. The water is passed over sand grains coated with aluminum hydroxide (gibbsite). Enough Al3+ ions enter solution, at the low pH, to cause all the phosphate-P to precipitate as aluminum phosphate, and nothing else precipitates other than the aluminum phosphate.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a method for treating high-concentrated organic wastewater, such as night soil or livestock wastewater, which has high levels of nitrogen and phosphorous. In particular, it is related to a method for treating night soil or livestock wastewater having high levels of nitrogen and phosphorous, comprising an anaerobic ammonium oxidizing (Anammox) step and a biopond step. The process for treating wastewater according to the present invention provides good efficiency in removing organic material and nutrients.

Abstract: A waste treatment method and apparatus including a denitrification chamber for denitrifying waste, an aeration basin for aerating the waste, and a clarifying device in which sludge particles separate out of the waste, leaving discharge and reusable sludge. Sludge from the clarifying device is sent back to the denitrification chamber or aeration basin or both. Sludge on the aeration basin floor is sent back to the denitrification chamber. Preferably, the method and apparatus facilitate both activated sludge and fixed film processes. Most preferably, the clarifying device comprises a constant flow backwash filter.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for nitrifying denitrifying organic waste water to nitrify and denitrify the nitrogenous components in the waste water, which comprises making use of a microbe carrier composed of an organic thermoplastic high molecular compound (thermoplastic polyurethane) in both a nitrifying step and a denitrifying step, preferably in an alternate and repeated manner, wherein the compound has, in a state of complete swelling in water, a water absorption rate in the range of 50 to 3500%, a compressive yield stress of at least 1.0 MPa each being defined by a specific formula, and a particle diameter in the range of 1.0 to 30 mm. The process is capable of efficiently performing nitrifying and denitrifying steps, steadily achieving high treatment performances, contriving compactification of the treatment facility, and curtailing the treatment time and treatment cost, while the microbe carrier can withstand long-term service without any trouble.

Abstract: A wastewater treatment system for use with a conventional septic tank, or other small-scale wastewater treatment facility, for enhancing wastewater treatment without requiring complex control or maintenance limitations. The system incorporates a plurality of primary functions that combine to oxidize, nitrify, denitrify and remove water borne total dissolved solids prior to effluent discharge. Included is a fluidized-bed reactor containing biofilm attached to carrier particulates for use in the purification of wastewater. The fluidized-bed reactor is configured to include two distinct regions, namely a “lower” aerobic region and an “upper” anoxic region, during normal operating conditions. The lower aerobic region uses aerobic facultative bacteria to oxidize Carbonaceous Biochemical Oxygen Demand (CBOD), organic (Kjeldahl) nitrogen, and ammonia while consuming the dissolved oxygen in the water.

Abstract: A process is described for the biological treatment of waste water containing a specific component such as ammonia, wherein the waste water together with surplus sludge from an activated sludge reactor is treated in a bioaugmentation reactor, applying a hydraulic retention time in the continuously or discontinuously operated reactor which is shorter than the sludge retention time by retaining part of the sludge in the reactor and continuing the use of the separated part in the reactor. The non-retained part of the sludge, together with the effluent of the bioaugmentation reactor, is added to the activated sludge reactor.