Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a number of pipes (100) with a predetermined pipe diameter. The method includes feeding multiple pipe parts (101, 102) with the predetermined pipe diameter to a welding station (53), aligning in each case a first pipe part (101) and a second pipe part (102) coaxially with respect to one another and axially adjacent to one another, welding the pipe parts (101, 102) by means of a fully encircling weld seam (109) to form a pipe run (104), conveying the pipe run (104) to a cutting station (57) in a machine direction (A) downstream of the welding station (53), and cutting off the number of pipes (100) in a respectively designated length from the pipe run (104).

Abstract: A method for joining two workpieces, which each have a joining surface for joining the workpieces, applies a viscous adhesive to a first joining surface in the form of a continuous material strand along an application path extending in an application direction. The joining surfaces are arranged facing each other in order to delimit an intermediate gap, in which the material strand is arranged. The workpieces are joined to each other in the region of the material strand by at least one further joining device. The first joining surface includes an alternately arranged hybrid adhering regions and adhering regions. A further joining device is arranged in each hybrid adhering region. The adhesive amount applied in each length unit measured in the application direction in the hybrid adhering regions is less than the adhesive amount applied in each length unit measured in the application direction in the adhering regions.

Abstract: Art for spot welding able to suppress penetration of hydrogen, one of the factors behind delayed fracture, at the time of spot welding, that is, a spot welding method in which at one or both of the surfaces of the steel sheets becoming the facing surfaces of the overlaid steel sheets, a location where the steel sheets contact each other to form a contact part at the time of initial squeezing of the spot welding is worked in advance to form a plurality of lines running through the contact part and connected to the outside of the contact part and the spot welding is performed at the location of the contact part and also a steel sheet in which the plurality of lines are formed in advance at the location becoming a contact part when steel sheets contact each other at the time of initial squeezing in the spot welding.

Abstract: A method of joining a multiple member work-piece includes providing a first steel work-piece having a first thickness and a second steel work-piece having a second thickness. The first thickness is at least twice the second thickness. A third material is disposed in contact with the second steel work-piece. For example, the third material may be in the form of a rivet, a plurality of pins, or a coating material. The method includes resistance welding the first and second work-pieces together. A bonded assembly includes the first and second steel members and the third material being bonded together, where the thickness of the first member is at least twice the thickness of the second member.

Abstract: Provided is a method of manufacturing a joined member that is manufactured by applying resistance welding to a workpiece. The workpiece is provided with plating layers on sides to be in contact with electrodes. In a state in which a first electrode is in contact with a first area in a first plate material that is curved along a contour of a leading end of the first electrode and in which a second electrode is in contact with a second area in a second plate material that is curved along a contour of a leading end of the second electrode, energization between the first electrode and the second electrode is started to form a nugget.

Abstract: A method of resistance spot welding a workpiece stack-up that includes a steel workpiece and an aluminum workpiece includes adhering an aluminum patch to faying surface of a steel workpiece, positioning an aluminum workpiece over the aluminum patch and the steel workpiece to assemble a workpiece stack-up, passing an electric current through the workpiece stack-up to create a molten aluminum weld pool, and terminating passage of the electric current to solidify the molten aluminum weld pool into a weld joint that bonds the steel and aluminum workpieces together through the aluminum patch. A workpiece stack-up having a weld joint that bonds an aluminum workpiece and a steel workpiece together through an aluminum patch is also disclosed. The weld joint establishes a bonding interface with the faying surface of the steel workpiece, and the aluminum patch is adhered to the faying surface of the steel workpiece around the weld joint.

Abstract: A component loading-welding system for welding a component panel to a vehicle body panel includes a rotation portion body having first and second opposing sides. The first opposing side is coupled to a robot arm. A picking device is installed in the rotation portion body and is configured to hold and release the component panel. A vehicle body pressurizing tip is installed in the rotation portion body. A pressurizing portion body is rotatably installed at the second opposing side of the rotation portion body. A pin clamp is installed in the pressurizing portion body and is configured to clamp the component panel. A component pressurizing tip is installed in the pressurizing portion body and is configured to apply pressure to the component panel. A multi point projection welding method is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of spot welding a workpiece stack-up that includes a steel workpiece and an aluminum alloy workpiece involves passing an electrical current through the workpieces and between welding electrodes that are constructed to affect the current density of the electrical current. The welding electrodes, more specifically, are constructed to render the density of the electrical current greater in the steel workpiece than in the aluminum alloy workpiece. This difference in current densities can be accomplished by passing, at least initially, the electrical current between a weld face of the welding electrode in contact with the steel workpiece and a perimeter region of a weld face of the welding electrode in contact with the aluminum alloy workpiece.

Abstract: Aluminum-base alloy workpieces have surfaces with films of aluminum oxide which inhibit good contact with weld faces of resistance spot weld electrodes and the faying surfaces of, for example, sheet workpieces stacked for welding. Sometimes, the surfaces of the sheets also are coated with an adhesive or a sealer which further complicates welding. But in accordance with this invention, weld faces of opposing, round, copper welding electrodes are pressed against opposite outside surfaces of the sheets at a spot weld site and weld current is applied to the electrodes in accordance with a three-stage weld schedule to better form each weld. The weld schedule comprises a Conditioning stage (stage 1), a weld nugget Shaping stage (stage 2), and a weld nugget Sizing stage (stage 3).

Abstract: The present invention provides a spot welding method for a member to be welded constituted of a plurality of steel sheets that are overlapped with each other at at least a welding zone, in which at least an overlapped face of at least one of the plurality of steel sheets at the welding zone is coated with zinc plating, a total sheet thickness t (mm) of the plurality of steel sheets is 1.35 mm or more, a squeeze time St (seconds) from the time when welding electrodes are brought into contact with the member to be welded to the time when electric current flow for welding starts satisfies “0.020?St”, and a hold time Ht( seconds) after welding from the time when electric current flow for welding between the welding electrodes ends to the time when the welding electrodes and the member to be welded are brought out of contact satisfies “0.015t2+0.020?Ht”.

Abstract: A laser welding method according to the present disclosure includes a step in which a third material is interposed between a first material and a second material, which are made of the same type of metal so as to be weldable to one another, and at least one of which is provided with a protruding portion, wherein the third material is difficult to weld to the first material and the second material and has a through-hole portion into which the protruding portion is inserted. The method also includes a step in which, when the third material is interposed between the first material and the second material, a region corresponding to the protruding portion is irradiated with a laser beam from the first material side, and the first material and the second material are welded via the through-hole portion.

Abstract: A method of resistance spot welding a workpiece stack-up that includes an aluminum workpiece and an overlapping adjacent steel workpiece so as to minimize the thickness of an intermetallic layer comprising Fe—Al intermetallic compounds involves providing reaction-slowing elements at the faying interface of the aluminum and steel workpieces. The reaction-slowing elements may include at least one of carbon, copper, silicon, nickel, manganese, cobalt, or chromium. Various ways are available for making the one or more reaction-slowing elements available at the faying interface of the aluminum and steel workpieces including being dissolved in a high strength steel or being present in an interlayer that may take on a variety of forms including a rigid shim, a flexible foil, a deposited layer adhered to and metallurgically bonded with a faying surface of the steel workpiece, or an interadjacent organic material layer that includes particles containing the reaction-slowing elements.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an X-ray tube, including a cathode including a filament including a leg portion extending from a coil to a distal portion and including a corner portion at the distal portion, a support terminal including a gap, and including an opening portion in which the gap is opened and a bottom portion located on a side opposite to the opening portion, and a cathode cup being connected to the support terminal, the distal portion being located in the gap, the support terminal including a protruding portion protruding in the gap, being located more closely to the bottom portion side than the distal portion, and being joined to the corner portion of the leg portion.

Abstract: A series of many electrical resistance spot welds is to be formed in members of an assembled, but un-joined, body that presents workpiece stack-ups of various combinations of metal workpieces including all aluminum workpieces, all steel workpieces, and a combination of aluminum and steel workpieces. A pair of spot welding electrodes, each with a specified weld face that includes oxide-disrupting features, is used to form the required numbers of aluminum-to-aluminum spot welds, aluminum-to-steel spot welds, and steel-to-steel spot welds. A predetermined sequence of forming the various spot welds may be specified for extending the number of spot welds that can be made before the weld faces must be restored. And, during at least one of the aluminum-to-steel spot welds, a cover is inserted between the weld face of one of the welding electrodes and a side of a workpiece stack-up that includes the adjacent aluminum and steel workpieces.

Abstract: A welding device includes a lower tip and an upper tip, as welding tips, and pressuring members. The pressuring members are supported by a support member disposed in the upper tip. The pressuring members are displaced by the action of pressuring member displacement mechanisms and, together with the upper tip, come into contact with a metal plate arranged on the outermost part of a laminated body.

Abstract: An inexpensive bonding method is provided to bond materials constituted of an aluminum-based metal to each other at a low temperature and a low pressure while inhibiting deformation, without requiring the use of a flux and minimizing the influence on the base materials and the periphery. Also provided are various bonded parts obtained by the bonding method. An insert material comprising Zn as an element that undergoes a eutectic reaction with Al is interposed between two materials constituted of an aluminum-based metal. The two materials are heated, while being pressed against each other, to a temperature at which the eutectic reaction takes place, thereby generating, at the bonding interface between the two materials, a melt due to the eutectic reaction with some of the Al contained in the base materials and discharging the Al oxide films from the bonding interface together with the melt. Thus, the two materials are bonded.

Abstract: A complex electrode assembly includes a first sheet-type wiring which extends in a lengthwise direction of the first sheet-type wiring and comprises a sheet region of which a width that is perpendicular to the lengthwise direction is greater than a thickness that is perpendicular to the lengthwise direction and a width direction of the first sheet-type wiring, and electrode assemblies which are arranged separate from each other in the lengthwise direction of the first sheet-type wiring and are electrically connected to the first sheet-type wiring. The first sheet-type wiring may be disposed to face an outer surface of each of the electrode assemblies.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for fastening layers of non-ferrous alloys, like aluminum, magnesium and copper utilizes a steel fastener and a spot welding machine. The fastener and metals are stacked and the heat from the welder's electric current softens the lower melting point aluminum allowing the fastener to penetrate the aluminum. A weld zone between the fastener and the various layers creates an internal weld. The fastener has a rough shaft that is coated by the molten weld zone and is hard to withdraw on solidification. Layers of non-conductive materials like plastics and ceramics may also be affixed to a conductive layer using a fastener made from a compatible material that extends through a pilot hole and welds to or penetrates a conductive layer. The fastener may have projections that initially reduce contact area with the stack.

Abstract: A workpiece stack-up that includes at least a steel workpiece and an adjacent and overlapping aluminum workpiece can be resistance spot welded by a multi-stage spot welding method. The multi-stage spot welding method involves initially forming a weld joint between the steel and aluminum workpieces. The weld joint extends into the aluminum workpiece from the faying interface of the two workpieces and includes an interfacial weld bond area adjacent to and joined with the faying surface of the steel workpiece. After the weld joint is initially formed, the multi-stage spot welding method calls for remelting and resolidifying at least a portion of the weld joint that includes some or all of the interfacial weld bond area. At least a portion of the resultant refined weld joint may then be subjected to the same remelting and resolidifying practice, if desired. Multiple additional practices of remelting and resolidifying may be carried out.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the resistance welding of a metal sheet to a further metallic component, wherein the metal sheet is welded to the further component by a flow of electric current for welding in a circuit comprising the metal sheet, the further component, a first welding electrode and a second welding electrode, wherein the first welding electrode is in contact with the metal sheet and the second welding electrode, lying opposite the first welding electrode, is in contact with the further component on the side of the further component that is facing away from the metal sheet, wherein, in a first phase, the metal sheet is subjected at least for a time to a first force at least by the first welding electrode and, in a second phase, the metal sheet is subjected at least for a time to a second force at least by the first welding electrode during the flow of electric current for welding, the second force being lower than the first force.

Abstract: A welding method including steps of providing a welding assembly having a first electrode and a second electrode, wherein the second electrode includes an engagement surface and defines a recess in the engagement surface; positioning between the first and second electrodes a workpiece assembly, the workpiece assembly including at least a first workpiece member, a second workpiece member and an auxiliary member; passing a welding current through the workpiece assembly to form a weld joint; and cooling at least one of the first and second electrodes during the passing step.

Abstract: A one piece integral electrical terminal has a mount portion and a wire receiving portion. The wire receiving portion has a continuous annular interior wall having a contact portion with an integral oxide breaker especially suited to breaking through the oxide layer on aluminum wire. The wire receiving portion also has a sealing portion with at least one integral seal ring. An electrical cable is made by crimping the electrical terminal to an aluminum wire using a modified hexagonal crimp.

Abstract: A system of forming a bimetal medical device from dissimilar metal components includes a first metal component, a second metal component, a retaining device, a compression mechanism, and an energy source. A method of forming the bimetal medical device with the system includes applying a first pulse of laser energy to a joint formed between the first and second metal components retained by the retaining device and compressing the first and second metal components together with the compression mechanism to form a welded region.

Abstract: An electrode used for resistance welding is described. In an embodiment, the electrode comprises a two-part construction having an electrode tip portion that is removably contactable to an electrode base. The electrode is constructed such that the respective base and electrode tip portions may be composed of metals having differing melting temperatures, in particular a significant difference in melting temperature of at least 100° C. or more. The electrode is preferably constructed so that the electrode tip portion can be easily removed, thereby leaving the base portion within the fixture.

Abstract: Examples of tooling fixtures and methods for manufacturing computing devices are described. According to some examples, a computer component may be shaped using successive steps of forging after deep drawing. In some examples, certain components may be assembled to form sub-assemblies of computer components and the sub-assembly may then be machined to drive closer tolerances. According to other examples, a work holding tool is described which may include a first plurality of individually movable pins for supporting a first surface of a work piece, the tool also having a second plurality of individually movable pins for applying a restraining force over a second opposite surface of the work piece to retain the work piece in position while maintaining it in its natural state.

Abstract: A joined body of dissimilar metals, in which a flared joint is formed and which have a high joint strength, is provided. The joined body contains a first metal member having a curved surface portion, a second metal member having a higher melting point than the first metal member and joined to the first metal member to form the flared joint, and a joining metal portion formed by irradiating the first metal member and a filler material disposed between the first and second metal members with a laser. An intermetallic compound formed at the interface between the second metal member and the joining metal portion has a thickness of at most 3 ?m. A melted portion and a non-melted portion are formed in the curved surface portion of the first metal member in which the flared joint is formed.

Abstract: A method of resistance spot welding a steel workpiece and an aluminum or aluminum alloy workpiece together includes several steps. One step involves inserting a cover between the aluminum or aluminum alloy workpiece and an adjacent welding electrode. In another step, the adjacent welding electrode is pressed against cover, and another opposed welding electrode is pressed against the steel workpiece at a weld site. In yet another step, electrical current is passed between the welding electrodes, passed through the cover, and passed through the workpieces in order to initiate and grow a molten weld pool within the aluminum or aluminum alloy workpiece.

Abstract: A fuel chamber is formed between a pump arrangement and a motor arrangement, and outer flow passages are formed between a stator of the motor arrangement and a housing. Fuel, which is discharged from a discharge port of the pump arrangement, is outputted to an outside of the housing from a fuel discharge conduit that is formed on a side of the motor arrangement, which is opposite from the pump arrangement, after passing through the motor arrangement. At a time of performing electroplating on the stator, electrode contact portions, to which electrodes can contact, is formed in an outer wall of the stator, which forms the outer flow passages.

Abstract: This invention disclosed a method for preparing the ultrafine intermetallic particles reinforced metal matrix composites (MMC). The particle size of ultrafine intermetallic particles is about 0.01˜5 ?m. In this method, intermetallic particles and metal matrix were first ball milled together to get the mixed powder. Then, powders were cold-pressed then vacuum melting with metals to prepare the reinforced metal matrix composites materials. The intermetallic particles addition amount in this is 1˜30 wt %. This invention improve the dispersion properties of intermetallic particles while increase the particle/matrix interface strength. The ultrafine intermetallic particles reinforced MMC shows the very good performance with good ductility and strength.

Abstract: A contact connection structure includes: a first contact portion including an indent portion spherically protruding, the first contact portion including a plating layer formed on a surface of the first contact portion; and a second contact portion including a plating layer formed on a surface of the second contact portion. The indent portion of the first contact portion is slidable on a contact surface of the second contact portion. The indent portion of the first contact portion at a terminal insertion completed position is in contact with the second contact portion. The contact surface of the second contact portion includes an oxide-film shaving portion having an annular arc portion curved along a circumference portion of the indent portion.

Abstract: A tip end conductor for an inner conductor of a coaxial cable, comprising a first portion engaging a first region of the outermost tip to mechanically engage the inner conductor and a second portion, axially inboard of the first portion, engaging a second region of the outermost tip to electrically engage the inner conductor. The first and second portions define first and second diameter dimensions, respectively, wherein the first diameter dimension is less than the second diameter dimension, and wherein the first portion of the tip end conductor includes a mechanically irregular surface for being press fit onto, and producing, a mechanical interlock along a first region of the terminal end of the inner conductor.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a bonded article having long bonding length and high strength. A first bonding target member and a second bonding target member having a hole portion for receiving the first member are provided. Pressing force is applied between the two members with the first member received in the hole portion, and a current is applied to a bonding target portion between the two members with the pressing force applied. The two members are of materials with different melting points. One of the two members, having lower melting point, has a heat capacity increasing portion in the vicinity of the target portion. The one of the members has a taper face at the target portion, and the heat capacity increasing portion has a face extending from the taper face. The force applying step is performed with the other member positioned not to contact the heat capacity increasing portion.

Abstract: A process, for joining workpieces using hybrid mechanical connector-resistance welding. The process in some embodiments includes introducing a conductive fluid to an interface between the workpieces. The process also includes inserting at least one mechanical conductive connector into at least one of the workpieces so that the connector reaches the interface having the conductive fluid therein. The process in some embodiments includes further applying energy for welding to the at least one mechanical conductive connector so that the energy passes, through the connector, to the conductive fluid and heat is generated in the workpieces at the interface, thereby melting the workpieces and forming a weld joint connecting the workpieces.

Abstract: The present invention is a vacuum evaporation heating assembly for heating a carrier, in which an evaporation material is filled, in a vacuum evaporation process, the vacuum evaporation heating assembly comprising: a carrier container in which the carrier is installed; and an electrode connector which extends in both directions of the carrier container to be connected to an electrode. At least one of the carrier container and the electrode connector is a plate-shaped member. The vacuum evaporation heating assembly can securely hold the carrier, in which the evaporation material is filled, and can vaporize the evaporation material in a specialized direction, thereby uniformly and efficiently evaporating the evaporation material with a small number of carriers.

Abstract: An assembly includes a first steel component that is joined to a second steel component by a weld joint formed in a hybrid welding process. At least one of the first and second steel components is a through-hardened bearing steel. In the hybrid welding process, base material of the first and second steel components is melted, and a molten filler material including at least 90% nickel is added. The weld joint is formed after solidification of the molten base material and of the molten filler material. The weld joint has a central solidified portion and a peripheral solidified portion, and the central solidified portion includes at least 80% filler material and the peripheral solidified portion includes no more than 20% filler material.

Abstract: A protective coating for aluminum alloys, electrode for producing same and a coating process using the welding electrode. The protective coating and electrode comprise a composite consisting essentially of alumina particles in a matrix, wherein the matrix is a metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum or an aluminum alloy. The alumina particles consist of aluminum oxide in powder form. The coating process using the welding electrode above comprises the steps of: electro-spark depositing a composite on to a substrate, wherein the composite consists essentially of alumina particles in a matrix, wherein the matrix is a metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum or an aluminum alloy. The substrate herein is an aluminum alloy. The coatings involve only aluminum and aluminum compounds, thereby intermetallic compound formation and galvanic corrosion of the coating-substrate materials system is avoided.

Abstract: A tensile stress measurement device is to be attached to an object to be measured. The tensile stress measurement device may include an IC having a semiconductor substrate and tensile stress detection circuitry, the semiconductor substrate having opposing first and second attachment areas. The tensile stress measurement device may include a first attachment plate coupled to the first attachment area and extending outwardly to be attached to the object to be measured, and a second attachment plate coupled to the second attachment area and extending outwardly to be attached to the object to be measured. The tensile stress detection circuitry may be configured to detect a tensile stress imparted on the first and second attachment plates when attached to the object to be measured.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a precoated steel plate is provided. The method includes coating a steel plate by dipping the steel plate in a molten bath to obtain a precoat upon the steel plate. The precoat consists of an intermetallic alloy layer and a metal alloy layer, the intermetallic alloy layer is topped by the metal alloy layer. On at least one face of the plate, the metal alloy layer is removed in an area at a periphery of the plate using a laser beam, while at least part of the intermetallic alloy layer is left in the area. The step of removing includes measuring a characteristic of the laser or an area where the metal alloy area is to be removed to obtain a measured value, comparing the measured value with a reference value and stopping a removal operation to leave the at least part of the intermetallic alloy in place as function of the comparing step. Additional methods are also provided.

Abstract: A tip end conductor for an inner conductor of a coaxial cable, comprising a first portion engaging a first region of the outermost tip to mechanically engage the inner conductor and a second portion, axially inboard of the first portion, engaging a second region of the outermost tip to electrically engage the inner conductor. The first and second portions define first and second diameter dimensions, respectively, wherein the first diameter dimension is less than the second diameter dimension, and wherein the first portion of the tip end conductor includes a mechanically irregular surface for being press fit onto, and producing, a mechanical interlock along a first region of the terminal end of the inner conductor.

Abstract: A welded blank assembly is formed by welding edge regions of separate sheet metal pieces together at a weld joint. One or more of the sheet metal pieces includes a coating material layer and a weld notch, where at least some of the coating material layer is removed from the edge region(s) prior to welding so that the weld joint is substantially free from constituents of the coating material layer. An additional material may be added to a weld pool during weld joint formation to influence the size, shape and/or composition of the resulting weld joint to help compensate for the presence of the weld notch.

Abstract: A system for forming a weld nugget in a metal work piece includes a power supply, actuator, electrodes, and controller. The actuator delivers a variable electrode force to the work piece in response to a force command. The controller executes a method by transmitting a welding current command to the power supply to cause the power supply to output a welding current to the electrodes. The controller transmits the force command to the actuator to apply the variable electrode force, via the electrodes, to the work piece at a first force level. The variable electrode force increases from a second force level immediately upon conclusion of a first duration to minimize weld expulsion. The second force level commences at a point in time in the dynamic resistance profile at which a dynamic resistance value of the work piece decreases at a threshold rate during formation of the weld nugget.

Abstract: In an electrical wire connecting structure and a method of manufacturing the electrical wire connecting structure, a terminal having a tube-shaped portion of 2.0 mm in inner diameter is prepared for an electrical wire having a conductor cross-sectional area of 0.72 to 1.37 mm2, the electrical wire 13 is inserted into an electrical wire insertion port of the tube-shaped portion of the electrical wire, and the tube-shaped portion and the core wire portion of the electrical wire are compressed to be crimp-connected to each other. Furthermore, a terminal having a tube-shaped portion of 3.0 mm in inner diameter is prepared for an electrical wire having a conductor cross-sectional area of 1.22 to 2.65 mm2, the electrical wire is inserted into the electrical wire insertion port of the tube-shaped portion 25 of the electrical wire, and the tube-shaped portion and the core wire portion of the electrical wire are compressed to be crimp-connected to each other.

Abstract: A closeout fitting for a hat stringer includes a cover that has a fitting surface. The fitting surface is substantially complementary to at least a portion of an outer surface of the hat stringer. The cover is configured to couple against the hat stringer outer surface. The cover also includes a first portion configured to extend across a gap defined in a cap portion of the hat stringer. The closeout fitting also includes an insert. The insert includes a first outer perimeter surface that is substantially complementary to at least a portion of an interior surface of a channel defined by the hat stringer. The insert is configured to couple against the channel interior surface proximate the hat stringer closeout portion. The insert and the cover are formed with a suitable stiffness to limit a deformation of the hat stringer proximate the closeout portion.

Abstract: A one piece integral electrical terminal has a mount portion and a wire receiving portion. The wire receiving portion has a continuous annular interior wall having a contact portion with an integral oxide breaker especially suited to breaking through the oxide layer on aluminum wire. The wire receiving portion also has a sealing portion with at least one integral seal ring. An electrical cable is made by crimping the electrical terminal to an aluminum wire using a modified hexagonal crimp.

Abstract: A method of butt-welding steel plates is provided. The method includes the steps of coating a first steel plate by dipping the first steel plate in a molten bath to obtain a first precoat upon the first steel plate. The first precoat includes a first intermetallic alloy layer and a first metal alloy layer, the first intermetallic alloy layer is topped by the first metal alloy layer. On a first face of the first steel plate, the first metal alloy layer is removed in a first area at a first periphery of the first steel plate, while at least part of the first intermetallic alloy layer in the first area remains. A second steel plate is coated by dipping the second steel plate in the molten bath or a further molten bath to obtain a second precoat upon the second steel plate. The second precoat includes a second intermetallic alloy layer and a second metal alloy layer, the second intermetallic alloy layer is topped by the second metal alloy layer.

Abstract: An insulating body-forming part is formed on a border between a surface of a crimp terminal formed of an aluminum material and a conductive contact body provided on the surface and containing a nobler metal material than the aluminum material.

Abstract: In an electrical wire connecting structure and a method of manufacturing the electrical wire connecting structure, a terminal having a tube-shaped portion of 2.0 mm in inner diameter is prepared for an electrical wire having a conductor cross-sectional area of 0.72 to 1.37 mm2, the electrical wire 13 is inserted into an electrical wire insertion port of the tube-shaped portion of the electrical wire, and the tube-shaped portion and the core wire portion of the electrical wire are compressed to be crimp-connected to each other. Furthermore, a terminal having a tube-shaped portion of 3.0 mm in inner diameter is prepared for an electrical wire having a conductor cross-sectional area of 1.22 to 2.65 mm2, the electrical wire is inserted into the electrical wire insertion port of the tube-shaped portion 25 of the electrical wire, and the tube-shaped portion and the core wire portion of the electrical wire are compressed to be crimp-connected to each other.

Abstract: A method includes placing two conductive lines in a layout. Two cut lines are placed over at least a part of the two conductive lines in the layout. The cut lines designate cut sections of the two conductive lines and the cut lines are spaced from each other within a fabrication process limit. The two cut lines are connected in the layout. The two conductive lines are patterned over a substrate in a physical integrated circuit using the two connected parallel cut lines. The two conductive lines are electrically conductive.

Abstract: A layered material 1 includes two metal sheets 2,3 and one ceramic sheet 4, wherein the metal sheets 2,3 and the ceramic sheet 4 are stacked so that the ceramic sheet 4 is disposed between the two metal sheets 2,3, and then bonded together through spark plasma sintering. The difference in melting temperature between the metal sheets 2 and 3 is 140° C. or less. The layered material 1 is produced by stacking two metallic sheets 2,3 that have a difference in melting temperature of 140° C. or less and the ceramic sheet 4 so that the ceramic sheet 4 is placed between the both metal sheets 2,3, then disposing the stacked structure of the metal sheet 2,3 and the ceramic sheet 4 between a pair of electrodes in a spark plasma sintering device, and bonding the metal sheets 2,3 and the ceramic sheet 4 by applying a pulse current between the electrodes while maintaining the conduction between the electrodes.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided, including a base-deck floor; a base-deck frame, overlying the base-deck floor; a top cover, overlying the base-deck frame; and an affixing means operable to attach the base-deck frame to the base-deck floor, wherein the base-deck frame is operable to be fastened to both the base-deck floor and the top cover to provide a housing for a hard disk drive. A method is also provided, including assembling at least a portion of a hard disk drive assembly on a base-deck floor; affixing a base-deck frame to the base-deck floor; and securing a top cover to the base-deck frame.