Abstract: The invention relates to a method for manufacturing components consisting of one piece which appear in a weaving machine, comprising one or more first and second parts, said parts being manufactured in separate first and second parts and joined together to form a whole by means of processes which practically do not change the cross-section of said parts, said first and second parts have: different mechanical and/or magnetic and/or tribological properties; and/or a different manufacturing method; and/or different shape properties according to their functional requirements in the component.

Abstract: A method of joining a pair of overlapping workpieces, the method includes: inserting a filler material between the pair of overlapping workpieces; applying a pressure to at least one of the workpieces so that the filler material is crushed; and joining the two workpieces together in a region defined by the filler material. A welded joint includes: a pair of overlapping workpieces; and a filler material that is made from a material whose comparability has been established by the American Welding Society, and the filler material is a porous material.

Abstract: The formation of spot welds in high strength steel workpieces is improved by using welding electrodes with annular, or donut shaped welding tips for the formation of the molten metal weld pool at the weld site. The annular poll solidifies to form an annular weld nugget. Preferably the donut shaped nugget has an internal diameter that is no more than three-quarters of the outside diameter. The method is applicable to carbon steel workpieces with allowing elements for strengthening, and to thick sheets of mild carbon steels.

Abstract: The present invention provide a resistance welding method for solving the problem of breakage of the welded portion by corrosion of an iron-copper alloy layer having a poor corrosion resistance formed at the welding portion, when a first metallic member comprising an iron-based metal is joined to a second metallic member comprising a copper based metal, wherein the problem above is solved by forming a nickel film on at least one surface of the first metallic member comprising the iron-based metal and the second metallic member comprising the copper-based metal to be joined, and by applying resistance welding while the first metallic member is made to butt against the second metallic member, thereby forming the first alloy layer containing nickel, copper and iron at the side of the first metallic member, and the second alloy layer containing nickel and copper at the side of the second metallic member to allow the alloy layers to exhibit an excellent corrosion resistance.

Abstract: The invention relates to a plate heat exchanger that consists of several pieces of sheet metal that are arranged parallel to one another, that are at least partially corrugated and that form a considerable number of heat-exchange passages. A header creates a flow connection among at least some of the heat-exchange passages. At least two parts (1, 2, 3) of the plate heat exchanger consist of metallic materials that cannot be welded to one another.

Abstract: A process for joining a steel terminal to a copper electrode comprises applying a thin silver-copper flash to the surface of a copper electrode and bringing a steel surface into contact with the flash during high frequency welding. The weldment is improved compared to conventional welds that do not incorporate the flash layer. For example, a silver—18 wt % copper alloy having a thickness of about 180 microns produced uniform, high quality welds between nickel steel terminals and 99.999% pure copper electrodes.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electric resistance welded steel pipe for a hollow stabilizer excellent in workability, which steel pipe contains, in mass, 0.20 to 0.35% of C, 0.10 to 0.50% of Si, 0.30 to 1.00% of Mn, 0.01 to 0.10% of Al, 0.10 to 1.00% of Cr, 0.005 to 1.00% of Mo, 0.001 to 0.02% of Ti, 0.0005 to 0.0050% of B and 0.0010 to 0.0100% of N, satisfying the expression N/14<Ti/47.9, the balance consisting of Fe and unavoidable impurities and further has an ideal critical diameter (Di) being 1.0 (in) or more, an n-value in the axial direction of the steel pipe being 0.12 or more, a difference in hardness between the electric resistance welded seam portion and the base steel being Hv 30 or less, an average grain size of ferrite being 3 to 40 &mgr;m, an area percentage of the ferritic crystal grains having the aspect ratios of 0.5 to 3.0 being 90% or more in the entire ferrite phase, and having an average grain size of 20 &mgr;m or less in the second phase.

Abstract: A process for joining a steel terminal to a copper electrode comprises applying a thin silver-copper flash to the surface of a copper electrode and bringing a steel surface into contact with the flash during high frequency welding. The weldment is improved compared to conventional welds that do not incorporate the flash layer. For example, a silver—18 wt % copper alloy having a thickness of about 180 microns produced uniform, high quality welds between nickel steel terminals and 99.999% pure copper electrodes.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for welding members that are formed at least in part of aluminum. A welding assembly is constructed and arranged to position a welding material in electrically conductive relation between exterior surface portions of first and second weldable members at a location where the first and second weldable members are to be joined. The welding material assembly includes at least one welding material member mounted on a flexible carrier sheet in a predetermined arrangement with each welding material member being constructed of an electrically conductive metallic welding material capable of melting when heated by application of an electrical current. A welding method includes alternatively attaching the welding material members to a weldable member without a carrier sheet, by a welding process.

Abstract: The present invention provide a resistance welding method for solving the problem of breakage of the welded portion by corrosion of an iron-copper alloy layer having a poor corrosion resistance formed at the welding portion, when a first metallic member comprising an iron-based metal is joined to a second metallic member comprising a copper based metal, wherein the problem above is solved by forming a nickel film on at least one surface of the first metallic member comprising the iron-based metal and the second metallic member comprising the copper-based metal to be joined, and by applying resistance welding while the first metallic member is made to butt against the second metallic member, thereby forming the first alloy layer containing nickel, copper and iron at the side of the first metallic member, and the second alloy layer containing nickel and copper at the side of the second metallic member to allow the alloy layers to exhibit an excellent corrosion resistance.

Abstract: A method for repairing resistance spot welds formed between joined pieces of aluminum alloy sheet metal, such as vehicle body parts. The repair method includes resistance welding where an existing undersized spot weld is enlarged by applying electric current flow through the aluminum alloy sheets in the region around the existing defective weld. A pair of donut shaped electrodes may be used. Resistance to the current flow generates heat within the weld region. A new weld nugget is formed around the periphery of the existing weld and merges with it. The weld region is cooled and a repaired composite spot weld is formed.

Abstract: This invention provides an improved method of projection welding which enables the sound welding of high-carbon, and high-tension low-alloy steels. A spacer is disposed between two parts to be joined by projection welding. At least one of the parts is made of a high-carbon, or high-tension low-alloy steel. The spacer is a thin sheet, or coating formed on at least one of those parts.

Abstract: To provide a strip connecting apparatus and a method therefor which are less costly, short in welding time and high in welding quality. A strip connecting apparatus is provided with: a surface coating removing device for removing insulative surface coating of end portions, to be welded, of a leading strip and a trailing strip before cutting the strips; a cutting device for cutting the end portions, to be welded, of the leading strip and the trailing strip; and a welding device for overlapping the cut end portions of the leading strip and the trailing strip and seam welding the cut end portions with each other.

Abstract: A welding arrangement comprises first and second parts to be welded with an edge portion of the first part and an edge portion of the second part juxtaposed to form a weld zone. An electrically-conductive sheet(s) with a higher melting temperature than a melting temperature of the first and second parts are placed over the weld zone and a force application device is used to apply a lateral compressive force to the weld zone. First and second electrodes are placed in contact with the electrically conductive sheet(s) which are resistively heated and in turn conductively heat the weld zone.

Abstract: A projection coined onto a metal sheet, preferably an aluminum sheet, for projection welding the sheet to an adjacent metal sheet. The projection has a thickness greater than the thickness of the sheet on which it is formed. The wall of the projection surrounds a first recess and a second recess is formed in a side of the sheet opposite the projection from which the metal cold flows to form the projection. A welding gun assembly having an improved low interia, fast response to the collapse of the projection welding the sheet having the projection to the adjacent sheet.

Abstract: A method of forming a printer tip on a metal printer hammer spring by providing a printer tip from a range of materials from the group consisting of sintered tungsten carbide, cemented tungsten carbide, composite ceramics, metallic materials, noble metals, metal carbides, borides, nitrides and alloys and mixtures thereof. The printer tip is pressed against the hammerspring while electrically softening the printer hammerspring through a voltage established by an electrode contacting the printer tip. A plating or coating of the printer tip beforehand can be undertaken with a conductive metallic material disposed on the surface of the printer tip. The printer tip is fused to the hammerspring and a milling of a desired form to the printer tip and hammerspring by an electrode discharge milling process can take place thereafter.

Abstract: This invention is a thermal management method for efficient, rapid, controllable and uniform thermal management over a wide temperature range. The method integrates a thermal source, thermal sink and a thermal diffuser. According to the invention, a thermal diffuser is positioned stationary relative to the wafer surface and coupled to a thermal source and a thermal sink, which are also stationary relative to the wafer surface. The thermal sink comprises a heat-carrying media with a controllable temperature. The wafer is heated from a first processing temperature to a second processing temperature during a heating time interval and then cooled to the first processing temperature from the second processing temperature during a cooling time interval. During heating and cooling, the wafer is constantly held in a fixed position. Zonal control of the thermal source and non-uniform flow of the thermal sink enable sensitive mitigation of thermal non-uniformity on a heating surface.

Abstract: A method of joining a sintered hard alloy member 1 such as a cylindrical rod-shaped twist drill bit blank made of material whose main component is tungsten carbide to a softer metal member such as a stainless steel shank 2 includes the steps of connecting the hard alloy member 1 and the metal member 2 to separate electrodes 3 and 4, applying a longitudinally directed force couple to the hard alloy member 1 and metal member 2 to press end faces of the members together to form an electrically conductive contact region, and passing a pulse of current through electrodes 3 and 4 of sufficient energy to melt the two end face regions of the members, thereby welding them together. Preferably, the end face of the metal member has a convex conical shape.

Abstract: A system for uniformly and controllably heating the active surface of a semiconductor wafer or substrate during processing. The present invention may include a radiation energy source provided, which is enclosed or substantially surrounded by a reflective/absorptive surface, which both reflects and absorbs the radiation, emitted from the energy source. In accordance with the present invention, the resultant energy output as seen by the wafer is substantially free of non-uniformity.

Abstract: An aluminum alloy sheet for automotive use is provided which comprises a starting aluminum alloy sheet which has an alloy composition containing from 2 to 6% by weight of Mg, 0.15 to 1.0% by weight of Fe and from 0.03 to 2.0% by weight Mn, and a surface layer disposed over one surface of the starting alloy sheet to be pressed against electrodes for use in welding, the surface layer containing a particulate intermetallic compound has a particle diameter of 0.5 &mgr;m or more and a density of 4,000 pieces of particles per one mm2 or more. The product alloy sheet ensure least deformation of an electrode and stable weldability by means of continuous resistance spot welding.

Abstract: A welded joint is made between a sheet-steel component and a sheet-aluminum component by way of a lap or web weld. Hat-like clip parts are pushed through openings in the sheet-aluminum component. The clip parts are welded at their bottom to the sheet-steel component and overlap the exposed flat side of the sheet-aluminum component with their flanges, which form the free rims. In order to improve the quality of the weld, an adhesive is introduced into a gap situated between the clip part and the sheet-aluminum component.

Abstract: A projection coined onto a metal sheet, preferably an aluminum sheet, for projection welding the sheet to an adjacent metal sheet. The projection has a thickness greater than the thickness of the sheet on which it is formed. The wall of the projection surrounds a first recess and a second recess is formed in a side of the sheet opposite the projection from which the metal cold flows to form the projection. A welding gun assembly having an improved low interia, fast response to the collapse of the projection welding the sheet having the projection to the adjacent sheet.

Abstract: A welding arrangement (10) consists of first and second parts to be welded (4a, 4b) with a portion of the first part and a portion of the second part juxtaposed to form a weld zone (8a, 8b). An electrically-conductive sheet (2) with a higher melting temperature than a melting temperature of the first part (4a) and a melting temperature of the second part (4b) is placed over the weld zone (8a, 8b). A first electrode (12) is placed in contact with the electrically conductive sheet material (2) and a second electrode (14) is positioned and aligned with the first electrode (12) to heat conducively the weld zone (8a, 8b) with an electrical current. For the butt weld configuration (10), a second electrically conductive sheet (6) is placed between the second electrode (14) and the weld zone (8a, 8b).

Abstract: A method for bonding a gyroscope component to a gyroscope body using the solid liquid Inter Diffusion (SLID) process. The resulting bond structure has a larger operating range than the bonding-materials used to create to bond. Mating material layers may be added to the bond to improve bonding between the bonding materials and the component and between the bonding materials and the gyroscope body.

Abstract: A method of providing a smooth paintable surface after aluminum joining. Two aluminum pieces are welded together to form a joint, and a weld bead is formed at the joint. An aluminum spray filler is applied by thermal spraying on an area around the weld bead, and the area around the weld bead and aluminum spray filler is ground to produce a smooth paintable surface at the joint. The area around the weld bead is preferably roughened prior to spray brazing. The roughening is preferably produced by a process selected from grit blasting, rough sanding, and depositing a flux.

Abstract: Quality localized surface treatment such as remelting a surface portion of a work by electric heating can be achieved easily by supplying electric current between an energization electrode and the work while holding the distal end portion of the energization electrode nearly in close contact with the surface portion. Localized heating can be successfully accomplished by electric heating based on the heat generated from the self resistance of the energization electrode itself and the heat generated from the contact resistance at the interface between the distal end portion of the energization electrode and the surface portion.

Abstract: Two steel members are resistance welded using a filler therebetween in the form of either an insert or a metallized layer on the inner surface of one steel member. The steel members have respective compositions at least one of which comprises at least one alloying element having a concentration which contributes substantially to solidification cracking extensive enough to produce an unacceptable weld fracture. The filler has a composition which, during welding, melts and mixes with molten metal from the steel members, at the welding location, and dilutes the concentration there of one or more of the alloying elements which contribute substantially to solidification cracking. This reduces substantially the contribution, to solidification cracking, of each alloying element which has been so diluted. The cumulative dilution of these alloying elements is sufficient to produce an acceptable weld fracture.

Abstract: A circular blank made of a steel plate is lapped onto an Al-based plate in lapped areas of the Al alloy plate and another steel plate. Then, the three members are pressed by a pair of electrodes, and a welding current is allowed to flow between both the electrodes, thereby sequentially performing the melting of a current-supplied portion of the Al alloy plate and a portion near the current-supplied portion, the elimination of a molten portion by a partial bulgy deformation of the blank toward the Al alloy plate, the abutment of the bulgy deformed portion against the steel plate, and the resistance-welding between the bulgy deformed portion and the steel plate.

Abstract: A weldable heat curable liquid coating composition for steel is provided that exhibits improved mar resistance without impairing the weldability characteristics of the coating. To this end, the composition contains a conductive welding aid of iron dust. The weldable coating when applied to steel and cured thereon to a dry film allows for spot welding of the coated steel without requiring special welding equipment and techniques.

Abstract: A process for welding sintered, friction-lined foils to each other or to a metallic basic body. Such foils, by definition, have a highly inhomogeneous material structure and are, therefore, poorly weldable by conventional joining methods with the usual process parameters. This applies in particular if the weld has to extend through the foils, for example in resistance spot welding, but the surface of the foil material has to remain largely unaffected in terms of its material properties. The invention describes a process which satisfies the strict requirements both with respect to strength of the welded joint and the material properties. Structural components preferably manufactured according to the process are parts of synchronizing systems in motor vehicle gearboxes.

Abstract: A resistance welding electrode for supplying a current to metal workpieces to weld the workpieces to each other includes an electrode body as an electrode matrix of a copper alloy and a plurality of filamentary members embedded in the electrode matrix parallel to the direction in which a current flows therethrough. The filamentary members have respective tip ends exposed as lands on a surface of a tip end of the electrode body. The filamentary members are made of a material having an electric conductivity different from that of the electrode matrix. The exposed tip ends of the filamentary members having a total area which is in the range of 0.5 to 40% of the entire area of the tip end of the electrode body.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a resistance welding method suitable for use in spot welding between a steel-base metal sheet, which has been plated for rust prevention purposes, and an aluminum-base metal sheet and aims to permit a current to flow at a high density across the plated steel sheet and the aluminum-clad steel sheet, thereby realizing high-quality welding.An aluminum-clad steel sheet comprised of a steel layer having projections and an aluminum layer is interposed between the plated steel sheet and the aluminum-base metal sheet to be welded to each other. An electrode is energized by a predetermined weld current from an alternating power supply. The current path is limited to the area of the projections, and metallic melt formed by melting of the plating is accommodated between the projections, preventing the current-carrying area from being increased.

Abstract: A powder material for use in resistance welding articles of aluminum comprises a mixture of 10-50% by weight of a liquid resin and the remaining proportion of a magnesium powder or a blend of magnesium and aluminum powders. Also a method of resistance welding articles of aluminum comprises the steps of preparing a pasty mixture by mixing in a predetermined amount of a liquid resin having a predetermined initial viscosity, a predetermined amount of a metal powder or a blend of metal and metal oxide powders, and inserting the pasty mixture between the mating weld surfaces of the aluminum articles. Only a small welding force and a low current will be required in producing a resistance weld connection between the aluminum articles with desired strength.

Abstract: A valve seat-bonded cylinder head, in which a valve seat is bonded to a cylinder head unit, which valve seat is formed of material different from and harder than that of said cylinder head unit, wherein the valve seat is bonded to the cylinder head unit by solid-state diffusion, without forming a melting reaction layer therebetween, and a plastic deformation layer is formed on the bonding boundary at least on the cylinder head unit side, thereby allowing for an increase in the bonding strength, and reduction in the size of the valve seat area.

Abstract: An apparatus for balancing an aluminum drive shaft uses a transition material to attach steel counterweights to the aluminum drive shaft. The transition material is disposed between an outer surface of the aluminum drive shaft and an inner surface of the steel counterweights. A resistance welding process is then applied to the aluminum drive shaft, the steel counterweights, and the transition material to resistance weld the inner surface of the steel counterweights to the outer surface of the aluminum drive shaft. The transition material has a first surface adjacent to the aluminum drive shaft and a second surface adjacent to the steel counterweights, with the first surface being aluminum and the second surface being steel. In a method of balancing an aluminum drive shaft, a resistance welding process is applied to the aluminum drive shaft, the steel counterweights, and the transition material to resistance weld the inner surface of the steel counterweights to the outer surface of the aluminum drive shaft.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for manufacturing a monolithic metal support with a coated, gas-permeable shaped body. The shaped body is formed of one or more smooth and/or corrugated metal foil strips previously coated with a dispersion coating. During or after formation of the shaped body, the metal foil strips are joined by soldering or welding to at least one adjacent metal foil strip or to at least one adjacent layer of the same metal foil strip.

Abstract: An aluminum weldment is produced by resistance-welding aluminum workpieces, and has a nugget formed between the aluminum workpieces which contains more magnesium than the base material of the aluminum workpieces. The nugget contains 5.about.17 wt % of magnesium which forms a solid solution with aluminum.

Abstract: A resistance welding process for aluminum and aluminum alloy materials for enabling the remarkable improvement of the electrode life comprises the steps of preparing an insert material having the overall thickness of 0.02 to 1 mm including a sheet-like core material consisting of iron, steel, copper or copper alloy and coated layers each having the thickness of 1 to 100 .mu.m, consisting of any one of Ni, Ni alloy, Ti, Ti alloy, Nb, Nb alloy, Mo, Mo alloy, W, W alloy, Cr, Cr alloy, Co and Co alloy and formed on both surfaces of the core material, or an insert material consisting of Ti foil or Ni foil; interposing the insert material between each of upper and under electrodes and each portion of overlapped materials to be welded consisting of aluminum or aluminum alloy; pressurizing the materials to be welded by the upper and under electrodes to join the materials to be welded together. The coated layers on both surfaces of the core material may consist of the same metal or different metals from each other.

Abstract: A method of spot welding aluminum alloy workpieces having electrical conductivity of 18.about.57% IACS and Vickers hardness of 26.about.200 is disclosed. The aluminum alloy workpieces are spot welded by a pair of welding electrodes having an electrical conductivity of not less than 92% IACS and a Vickers hardness of 50.about.130. The differences of the electrical conductivity and Vickers hardness between the welding electrodes and the aluminum alloy workpieces are in a range of 41.about.87% IACS and not larger than 99, respectively.

Abstract: A joint between a sheet-steel component and a sheet-aluminum component is welded by a lap or web weld with the aid of an additional part connected to the sheet-aluminum component at the rim and welded to the sheet-steel component. To make the welding of covering panels manufactured from aluminum to frame parts manufactured from steel sheet simpler and cheaper in production, the additional part is manufactured exclusively from an iron material and lock-seamed to the rim of the sheet-aluminum component.

Abstract: Methods and device for the electric welding of at least two sheets of multilayer structure (2,5), termed sandwich sheets, each including at least two metal sheets interconnected by a film of polymer. The method includes putting the inner faces (3a, 7a) of the sandwich sheets (2,5) into contact in a partial overlapping region, applying on the opposite faces (4a, 6a) of the sandwich sheets at least two rollers each having two parts and placed in confronting relation to each other in alignment with the overlapping region, supplying electric power to at least the second part of each roller (9,10), exerting a clamping force on the overlapping region of the sandwich sheets (2,5) using the rollers so as to bring the second part of each of the rollers into contact with the inner face of the confronting sandwich sheet and shifting the rollers (9,10) along the overlapping region.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a method for laser welding different kinds of metals by which at least two types of metal members having mutually different laser reflection factor, are put one upon another and welded when the metal members are irradiated with lasers emitted in the superposed direction, comprising a process to put the first metal member on the second metal member, wherein the first metal member has a first laser reflection factor and the second metal member has a second laser reflection factor which is lower than that of the aforementioned first laser reflection factor, and the first and the second metal member are put one upon another through a metal layer and when irradiated with lasers, the aforementioned metal layer is more difficult to melt than the aforementioned second metal member. The method of the present invention further comprises a process in which lasers are irradiated from the aforementioned first metal member side.

Abstract: A spot welding electrode is made of a copper base material such as copper, copper alloy, or alumina dispersion strengthened copper, and has a Sn coating layer formed at the part making contact with the material being welded. The formed Sn coating layer reduces electrode wear and prolongs electrode life.

Abstract: A welding method of an aluminum foil, which permits the direct resistance welding of an aluminum foil, with a chemical conversion coated layer of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 formed thereon, to a lead wire, includes placing an aluminum foil, with a chemical conversion coated layer formed on the surface thereof, on a back bar made of a material having good electrical insulating property and heat resistance, arranging an electrically-conductive metal on the aluminum foil, bring first and second electrode tips into contact under pressure with the surface of the electrically-conductive metal with the electrode tips spaced from each other and then causing a welding current to flow between the first and second electrode tips, thereby conducting the series resistance welding of the aluminum foil to the electrically-conductive metal.

Abstract: End faces of copper alloys to be used for electrical conductors are placed in contacting relationship under a compressive force below the yield strength of the copper alloy conductor in the room temperature condition. The contacting end faces are heated under continuous compression at a temperature of at least 300.degree. C. but below the solvus temperature of the copper alloy in at least one heating cycle.

Abstract: Placing a clad plate, comprising a resistor having a specific resistance at least two times that of aluminum, between two aluminum plates or between an aluminum plate and non-aluminum plate metal plate to be welded, and supplying an electric current through the aluminum plates to be welded and the clad plate. The clad plate itself may have aluminum plates sandwiching the resistor, the thickness each of the aluminum plate of the clad plate is from 1/4 to 6 times that of the resistor. The resistor can be made of iron, steel, titanium, tantalum, nickel, zirconium, and alloys thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electric joining method of a body to be jointed including the butted portion of at least between electroconductive ceramics to be jointed or between an electroconductive ceramics and a metal to be jointed, whereby the body to be jointed is electrically jointed while the thermal stress generated at the ceramics materials to be jointed is eased. In the electric joining method according to the present invention, at least a pair of electrodes are brought to butt against the materials to be jointed holding at least one or more butted portions therebetween, with a joining agent interposed at the butted portions. Moreover, there provided are a first heating means for heating the materials to be jointed between the electrodes by Joule heat through impression of a voltage between the electrodes and, a second heating means for heating a part of said materials to be jointed and its vicinity where a large temperature gradient is formed only by the first heating means.

Abstract: Electrical conductor comprising a metallic bar (1) jacketed with a sheath (2) made from a metal different from that of the bar, in which the bar (1) exhibits at least one longitudinal groove (3, 3') containing a bead (4, 4') made from the same metal as the sheath (2), welded to the bar (1), and the sheath (2) exhibits an opening opposite the bead (4, 4'), the said opening containing a metallic mass (9, 9') welded to the bead (4, 4') and to the sheath (2). The conductor finds one application in electrodes comprising a metallic plate longitudinally fixed to an electrical conductor.

Abstract: Two solid copper pieces are assembled by welding without filler metal. The pieces both have a projection which are placed facing and in contact with one another, before the pieces to be assembled are placed on the welding press. Welding is performed by passing a very high intensity current for a short period of about one tenth of a second under very high pressure. The welding operation prevents any annealing of the copper.

Abstract: A method of welding two dissimilar metals of substantially different melting temperatures by passing an electric current through an interface created by biasing a projection located on the higher melting point metal into intimate contact with a surface located on the lower melting point material. The electrical current substantially liquifies a portion of only the second metal so that the projection is not substantially deformed by the welding operation.