Abstract: A neutral density (ND) filter made of an LWIR-transmissive, heat-resistant material is interposed between a longwave infrared (LWIR) imager and an entity that is highly emanative of both light and heat. According to exemplary inventive practice, the ND filter is a thermoplastic (e.g., polystyrene) sheet characterized by a thickness in the 1-2 mm range and a thermal conductivity?0.13 W/m-K. Important parameters of the ND filter include LWIR transmittance (which depends on material and thickness) and thermal conductivity (which depends on material). The quality of the image taken of the entity is affected by the respective degrees of LWIR attenuation by, and heating up of, the ND filter. Accordingly, the material and the thickness of the ND filter are selected to optimize the image, in particular so as to avoid saturation and/or whiting-out of the image due to insufficient LWIR attenuation and/or excessive ND filter temperature.

Abstract: An electrode (2) of metallic material comprising an axis of revolution (6) and a bottom face (2a) of outer diameter greater than the outer diameter of a top face (2b), characterized in that it comprises a fin (10) of revolution about said axis of revolution (6), on the bottom part of the lateral face (2c), said fin (10) having a radial length L and a thickness h such that the ratio L/h is below a threshold, L and h observing the following relationship: L . L 3 h ? 2 ? EX 5 ? ? 3 in which: E represents the Young's modulus of the metallic material; X represents the minimum deflection tolerated by the fin; and ? represents the thermal stress acting on the fin.

Abstract: A laser irradiation device includes a laser generator for patterning and a laser generator for preheating. A laser induced thermal imaging (LITI) method, includes preparing an acceptor substrate, laminating a donor substrate on the acceptor substrate, and irradiating a laser beam onto a predetermined region of the donor substrate and carrying out transfer using a laser irradiation device having a laser generator for patterning and a laser generator for preheating. Advantageously, a laser beam having high intensity generated by the laser generator for patterning is used to prevent the transfer layer from being degraded, and a laser beam generated by the laser generator for preheating is simultaneously used for preheating so that an edge open failure does not occur and the transfer can be readily carried out even in a portion having a step of the acceptor substrate.

Abstract: A turbine component for a turbine of an engine is provided. The turbine component includes a blade portion of a first material; and an attachment portion coupled to the blade portion, the attachment portion being a second material.

Abstract: A method for laser processing arrays of optical fibers and high-fiber count splicing connectors and adapters are disclosed. The method includes the steps of providing a structure having optical fibers arranged in a plurality of rows and placing a protection element adjacent to a first row of optical fibers and a second row of optical fibers. Thereafter, the first row of optical fibers can be processed using the laser. The protection element may also be used to move optical fibers. In one embodiment, the protection element has a first portion and a second portion that have relative movement therebetween. In other variations, an absorption element may be provided adjacent the first row of optical fibers for inhibiting incidental damage to the structure.

Abstract: A laser welding method includes emitting two laser beams along a weld line from an upper surface side of a workpiece, the two laser beams being transmitted through different optical fibers and having in-focus spot diameters of 0.3 mm or larger; emitting the laser beams such that a leading laser beam of the two laser beams and a trailing laser beam of the two laser beams are each inclined toward a direction in which welding proceeds at an incident angle with respect to a direction perpendicular to an upper surface of the workpiece, the leading laser beam being ahead of the trailing laser beam on the upper surface of the workpiece in the direction in which welding proceeds, the trailing laser beam being behind the leading laser beam; and setting the incident angle of the leading laser beam to be larger than the incident angle of the trailing laser beam.

Abstract: A photovoltaic device and method include depositing a metal film on a substrate layer. The metal film is annealed to form islands of the metal film on the substrate layer. The substrate layer is etched using the islands as an etch mask to form pillars in the substrate layer.

Abstract: A fabrication method is provided for use in making a component. The fabrication method may include generating a laser beam at a first orientation relative to a wear surface of the component to produce a first laser beam spot having a first characteristic, and feeding a cladding material into the first laser beam spot to produce a cladding layer on the wear surface. The fabrication method may also include generating a laser beam at a second orientation relative to the wear surface of the component to produce a second laser beam spot having a second characteristic, and moving the second laser beam spot along the cladding layer to substantially flatten the cladding layer.

Abstract: A laser-sustained plasma illuminator system includes at least one laser light source to provide light. At least one reflector focuses the light from the laser light source at a focal point of the reflector. An enclosure substantially filled with a gas is positioned at or near the focal point of the reflector. The light from the laser light source at least partially sustains a plasma contained in the enclosure. The enclosure has at least one wall with at least one property that is varied to compensate for optical aberrations in the system.

Abstract: A golf club head includes a portion with different thickness in a face portion. A region having a maximum thickness and a region having a minimum thickness are formed on a back of the face portion. An inclined portion with varying thickness is provided between those regions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process of fusion-bonding a plastic film (8a, 8b) to an object to be fusion-bonded such as a port member (16) in manufacturing a drug bag, and relates to a drug bag. The present fusion-bonding process comprises steps of disposing a heat generation element generating heat by absorbing infrared laser, on an opposite surface (8c) of the plastic film (8a, 8b) from the port member (16), or between the port member (16) and the plastic film (8a, 8b), pressing a press member (30a, 30b), which allows infrared laser to be transmitted therethrough, from a side of the plastic film (8a, 8b), and irradiating the infrared laser (L) to the heat generation element (24a, 24b) through the press member (30a, 30b).

Abstract: A system and method for installing device drivers or application software on equipment used in brazing, cladding, building up, filling, hard-facing overlaying, joining or welding operations is provided. The system includes a first device and a second device. The first device and the second device communicate over a communication system to monitor and/or control the operations. The second device transmits device software (e.g., device drivers and/or application software) or a link to the device software to the first device over the communication system to facilitate the monitoring and/or controlling of the operations. In some embodiments, the first device, which can emulate a host, requests the device software from the second device after a determination that the device software needs to be uploaded. The second device can emulate a peripheral such as a disk drive, a serial port device, DVD drive, or a CD ROM.

Abstract: A laser irradiation apparatus of the embodiment includes: a laser light transmission mechanism to guide laser light from a laser light source and emit the laser light from a laser light emission part; a condensing mechanism to condense the laser light; a pipe state casing to house and hold the condensing mechanism inside thereof and have an opening part to irradiate the laser light; a fluid supply mechanism to supply a fluid into the casing to emit the fluid from the opening part; a positioning mechanism provided at the casing to keep a distance from the condensing mechanism to the processing object constant by being brought into contact with the processing object; and a fluid guide mechanism to guide the fluid emitted from the opening part to flow between the casing and the processing object along an axial direction of the casing.

Abstract: Systems and methods for joining BMG Composites are disclosed. Specifically, the joining of BMG Composites is implemented so as to preserve the amorphicity of their matrix phase and the microstructure of their particulate phase. Implementation of the joining method with respect to the construction of modular cellular structures that comprise BMG Composites is also discussed.

Abstract: Provided are a light emitting device, a light emitting device package, and a lighting system. The light emitting device includes a substrate, a light emitting structure layer, a second electrode, a first electrode, a contact portion, and a first electrode layer. The first electrode is disposed in the substrate from a lower part of the substrate to a lower part of a first conductive type semiconductor layer in a region under an active layer. The contact portion is wider than the first electrode and makes contact with the lower part of the first conductive type semiconductor layer. The first electrode layer is disposed under the substrate and connected to the first electrode.

Abstract: A laser apparatus for welding is disclosed. The laser apparatus includes: a laser optic head adapted and configured to modify a spot size of a laser beam oscillated by a laser oscillator and to project the laser beam into a joining portion of joining members, wherein the laser optic head is adapted and configured to modify the spot size to selectively perform brazing or welding. A method of selectively brazing or welding according to one or more exemplary embodiments of the present invention includes: providing a laser apparatus of as described herein; and actuating the laser optic head to modify the spot size of the laser beam and project the laser beam into the joining portion of the joining members to selectively perform brazing or welding.

Abstract: An electron beam welding method capable of restoring toughness even when high heat input welding is performed. The electron beam welding method comprises: forming a first weld bead (3) so as to include a groove (2) provided at the butt portions of two base materials (1), and forming a second weld bead (4) and a third weld bead (5) having a narrower width than the first weld bead (3), at predetermined positions displaced from the groove (2) and centered symmetrically about the butt portions so as to include a portion of the first weld bead (3), using a lower heat input than that used during formation of the first weld bead (3).

Abstract: A laser puncher for punching holes on tipping paper, comprises a panel, a light guiding cylinder, a laser connected with the light guiding cylinder, and a transmission system for driving a piece of tipping paper to move in a curved manner. The laser puncher further includes at least one focusing optical head, at least one driving motor fixed on the panel, and a connecting rod fixedly connected with at least one moving optical cylinder. The moving optical cylinder is associated with the light guiding cylinder that penetrates the panel and is connected with the focusing optical head. The driving motor drives the focusing optical head to reciprocate back and forth via the connecting rod and the moving optical cylinder.

Abstract: An enclosure system for enclosing a fiber optics splicer so that the fiber optic splicer can be used in hazardous area is disclosed. The enclosure system comprises of an enclosure wherein the top side of the enclosure is adapted to become door of the enclosure and a purging unit connected to the enclosure for performing pressure purging within the enclosure system, wherein the purging unit comprises a pressure purge unit, an air-pumping device, and pressure gauges. A fusion splicer and fiber optic cables to be spliced are installed inside the enclosure and the top side of the enclosure is locked and sealed using a sealing unit. The sealing unit is made of soft materials that conforms around the fiber optic cables to be spliced, hence do not damage the fiber optic cables. Using the purging unit of the enclosure system, flammable gas inside the fiber optics enclosure system is displaced with non-flammable air or inert gas.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a vehicle power transmission device having a case and a ring gear fitted to the outer peripheral surface of the case to transmit drive power from a drive source. The method includes: a welding step in which an annular flange is provided on the case or the ring gear and butt welding is performed by lapping a weld bead along the contact portion of one side surface of the annular flange and the case or the ring gear; a measurement step in which the outline of the other side surface of the annular flange placed in close proximity to the one side surface are measured; and an evaluation step in which a weld condition is evaluated based on part of the outline, which is determined in the measurement step, of a portion corresponding to the lapping portion of the weld bead.

Abstract: The invention relates to pliers for clamping plates used in conjunction with a manipulator arm, comprising a rigid frame connected to a carrier such as a rigid stand or robot, and an articulation sub-assembly connected to the frame and comprising a fixed arm, a mobile arm, and a main actuator for displacing the mobile arm in translation or rotation relative to the fixed arm for closing or opening the pliers and respectively clamping the plate assembly between the arms or releasing said assembly, wherein said pliers belong to a family of pliers comprising C- and X-shaped pliers, the frame having a similar shape and appearance for all the pliers of said family. Application mainly in the family of C- and X-shaped resistance-welding pliers having similar and preferably identical frames.

Abstract: The invention relates to a lighting apparatus (10) for providing processing light for processing an object. Groups of light sources generate light for processing the object, wherein the groups of light sources are imaged onto a working plane (17) by an imaging unit (16) for producing the processing light. The resulting intensity distribution is configured such that, if the intensity distribution is integrated in a spatial integration direction, the resulting integrated intensity distribution has an intensity dip, wherein one or several of the groups of light sources are controllable independently from the other of the groups of light sources for modifying the integrated intensity distribution. This allows using the lighting apparatus in a processing apparatus such that perpendicular to a processing line, along which an object is to be processed, in particular, to be sealed, the object can be processed relatively homogenously, thereby improving the quality of processing the object.

Abstract: Laser hybrid welding systems adapted to identify and/or fix a weld defect occurring during a laser hybrid welding process are provided. Embodiments of the laser hybrid welding system may include one or more devices that provide feedback to a controller regarding one or more weld parameters. One embodiment of the laser hybrid welding system includes sensors that are adapted to measure the weld voltage and/or amperage during the welding process and transmit the acquired data to the controller for processing. Another embodiment of the laser hybrid welding system includes a lead camera and a lag camera that film an area directly in front of the weld location and directly behind the weld location.

Abstract: A method for modifying a gas turbine injector is disclosed herein. The method for modifying a gas turbine injector includes removing a first tubular member from the gas turbine injector, replacing the first tubular member with a second tubular member, the second tubular member having a center axis and including a circumferential lip extending radially from the center axis, aiming a laser beam at the circumferential lip so that the laser beam forms an acute angle with the center axis, and, laser welding the second tubular member to the gas turbine injector at the acute angle, the laser welding forming a resultant weld between the second tubular member and the gas turbine injector, and such that at least a portion of the circumferential lip is consumed to form at least a portion of the resultant weld.

Abstract: A clamping device and a laser welding apparatus using the same are disclosed. The clamping device may include: an upper clamping link mounted rotatably upwardly or downwardly by a hinge shaft; a lower clamping link mounted rotatably in an opposite direction of the upper clamping link by the hinge shaft and corresponding to the upper clamping link; at least two upper rollers rotatably mounted at the upper clamping link; at least two lower rollers rotatably mounted at the lower clamping link, corresponding to the upper roller, and fixing a welding object together with the upper rollers; and an operating cylinder configured to rotate the upper clamping link and the lower clamping link in opposite directions to each other.

Abstract: A method is provided for the remote laser welding of two coated sheets, wherein by way of a scanner, a laser beam is directed at the sheets to be connected to each other and guided on the sheets. The sheets are connected to each other by producing an end fillet weld on a lap joint. The continuous production of the weld is recorded by a camera and, if necessary, the path of the laser beam is corrected and adapted to a target weld course on the basis of an automatic evaluation of the recorded images.

Abstract: Hybrid welding methods include directing a laser beam from a laser onto a first component that is vertically offset from a second component, and, directing a weld arc from an arc welder onto a weld joint between the first component and the second component to weld the first and second components together.

Abstract: A method for laser cladding a material onto a surface of a machine component using a laser scanning head with laser scanning optics is disclosed. The method includes forming a molten bead of cladding material by directing a beam with the laser scanning optics over a bead scan on the machine component. The method also includes directing the beam with the laser scanning optics over a secondary scan on the machine component, the secondary scan being offset from the bead scan at a predetermined distance on the machine component.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for guiding a laser beam along a target path, particularly a joint. It has a laser beam input module that guides an incident laser beam onto a swiveling beam guiding device downstream from the laser beam input module. The beam guiding device projects the laser beam onto the target path. Said beam guiding device comprises a tactile sensor connected to the swiveling optic that is designed to perform a tactile scan of the target path and to deflect the swiveling optic appropriately. According to the invention, an intermediate focal point is located in the beam path of the laser beam between laser beam input module and swiveling optic. Moreover, the swivel axis of the swiveling optic runs through the intermediate focal point.

Abstract: A turbine component repair apparatus includes: a first die having male and female halves for clamping a first section of a turbine blade with a platform and a root portion of an airfoil, the first die having a recess shaped to receive the root portion and retain a faying surface thereof in predetermined alignment; and a second die having male and female halves for clamping a repair section which defines a tip portion of the airfoil, the second die having a second recess shaped to receive the tip portion and retain a faying surface of the tip portion in predetermined alignment. The first and second dies have mating front faces configured to align their bottom surfaces in a common plane. A alignment device is removably attached to the second die to temporarily align the repair section in the absence of the male half of the second die.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for using optical interferometry in the context of material modification processes such as surgical laser or welding applications. An imaging optical source that produces imaging light. A feedback controller controls at least one processing parameter of the material modification process based on an interferometry output generated using the imaging light. A method of processing interferograms is provided based on homodyne filtering. A method of generating a record of a material modification process using an interferometry output is provided.

Abstract: A laser welding device may include: a frame including a lower die supporting at least two sheets of welding objects and an upper die mounted over the lower die to be spaced apart from the lower die; a pressing plate movably mounted on the upper die in a vertical direction and pressing the welding objects; a rotating member mounted on the pressing plate and rotating based on a pressing central shaft of the pressing plate; a tilting member disposed in a direction intersecting the pressing central shaft and connected to the rotating member to be tilted in a vertical direction; and a scanner head reciprocally mounted on the tilting member along a length direction, scanning the laser beam in an X axis and a Y axis, and irradiating the laser beam to the welding object.

Abstract: A flexible drill with a shaft having a nitinol portion (or nitinol region) provided between a stainless steel driver end and a stainless steel drill tip. The flexible drill with nitinol shaft is provided with a bearing surface to allow centering within a drill guide, low friction bearing and flexibility to drill around a curve. The bearing surface may be formed of a fluoropolymer such as LDPE (Low Density Polyethylene). The flexible drill shaft may be used through a drill guide, such as a curved drill sleeve.

Abstract: A metal sheet composite comprising an outer metal sheet having a flange which is folded over around a flanging edge; an inner metal sheet which forms a joint with the flange; and a welding or soldering seam which is produced on or in the joint and fixedly connects the metal sheets to each other. A method for joining metal sheets and a device for flanging and welding or soldering are also disclosed. The device includes: a tool head; a flanging member, arranged on the tool head, for roll-flanging or slide-flanging; and a welding or soldering tool arranged on the tool head, wherein the flanging member and the welding or soldering tool are arranged such that the flanging member forms a pressing means for a welding or soldering process which can be performed using the welding or soldering tool.

Abstract: A battery module and methods for bonding cell terminals of battery cells together are provided. The battery module includes a first battery cell having a first cell terminal, and a second battery cell having a second cell terminal. The battery module further includes an exothermal reactive layer having first and second sides. The first and second sides are disposed adjacent to the first and second cell terminals, respectively. The exothermal reactive layer is configured to ignite to form a bonding joint between the first and second cell terminals in response to a laser beam contacting at least a portion of the exothermal reactive layer.

Abstract: A removal apparatus for a semiconductor chip may include a stage configured to support a board on which the semiconductor chip is mounted by bumps, a laser configured to irradiate a laser beam into the board over an area larger than the semiconductor chip, and a picker configured to cause the laser beam to penetrate the semiconductor chip locally and to separate the semiconductor chip from the board. A method of removing a semiconductor chip from a board may include loading the board, on which the semiconductor chip is mounted by bumps, on a stage; irradiating a laser beam into the semiconductor chip to melt the bumps and to separate the semiconductor chip from the board; continuously irradiating the laser beam into the board on which solder pillars, that are residues of the bumps, remain to melt the solder pillars; and removing the solder pillars.

Abstract: A focal point controlling section is configured and arranged to control a focal point of the laser beam outputted from a laser oscillator to selectively focus the laser beam on a surface of a workpiece. A laser irradiation position moving section is configured to move a laser irradiation position at which the laser beam strikes on the surface of the workpiece. A control unit is configured to change a heat amount imparted on the surface of the workpiece to switch between a welding state and a non-welding state by controlling at least one of the focal point controlling section and the laser irradiation position moving section while controlling the laser oscillator to continuously output the laser beam before and after switching between the welding state and the non-welding state.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a module for an airframe or fuselage structure of an aircraft or spacecraft includes positioning a first member adjacent to a second member at an assembly station; welding the first member to the second member at the assembly station to produce a module having a welded joint between the first and second members; and peening at least one of the first member, the second member, and the welded joint at the assembly station to compensate for or to correct distortion caused by the welding.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for determining misalignment of a powder feed nozzle and a laser beam. The method includes forming a test structure on a workpiece in at least two different directions by deposition laser welding with powder at substantially constant deposition parameters without relative rotation between a powder feed nozzle and a laser beam, measuring heights and/or wall thicknesses of the test structure along the test structure, and determining a direction and/or an amount of misalignment of the powder feed nozzle relative to the laser beam based on the measured heights and/or wall thicknesses.

Abstract: A movement control system is provided for cutting and welding applications which uses a laser movement detection system to detect deflection or displacement in a guide rail movement system. A movement controller controls the movement of the cutting or welding operation based on the detected laser beam displacement.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device and to an associated method for joining sheet metal parts, each with a flange, by laser, wherein the flanges of the sheet metal parts (2) are joined into one connecting flange. The device has a clamping device (5) for clamping the sheet metal parts (2) to be joined in a main clamping direction running transversely to the connecting flange and a beam guidance system for a laser beam (1). Moreover, the device has a compensation shaft (9) which tracks the laser beam (1) according to a relative movement between the connecting flange and a guidance apparatus.

Abstract: Apparatus has a receptacle (1) for two workpiece parts (21, 22) which extend two-dimensionally in X and Y directions and which are to be joined along a weld. The apparatus includes a laser beam source (30) comprising a plurality of individually controllable laser beam emitters (31) which collectively form a line array which is oriented in X direction, a transporting device (6) for transporting the laser beam source (30) relative to the receptacle (1) in Y direction, and a homogenizer (50) arranged downstream of the laser beam source (30) in the radiating direction. The homogenizer (50) has a carrier (52) in which is provided at least one reflection channel (51) with a channel cross section (QS) which is adapted to the course of the weld and a channel width (b) which is adapted to the width of the weld.

Abstract: Provided herein is a method for securely fixing a connecting element on a metal workpiece by welding involving the formation of locally confined weld points that permits the friction-increasing, play-free, reversible connection of joined workpieces for applications in assembly and transportation. The connecting element includes a metal foil having hard material particles fixed on the joining surfaces by a metallic binding layer. Similarly, a component having a metal workpiece and the connecting element, which is suitable for the connection of workpieces to be joined in machine, plant, and motor vehicle construction, is also provided.

Abstract: A low-power laser and arc hybrid welding method includes the steps of matching laser pulses with arc phases, and inducing compress arcs by the laser pulses. A laser peak pulse is triggered from half of the positive half-wave to half of the negative half-wave of alternating arc current. The sum of laser peak pulse width and laser basic pulse width is equal to the time width from a laser pulse triggered point to a negative half-wave end point of the alternating arc current. A welding device for carrying out the method is disclosed. An angle formed by the axis of a laser beam (1) and the vertical direction is in the range of ?50°-50°. An angle formed by the axis of the laser beam (1) and the axis of an arc torch (2) is in the range of 20°-120°. Arc power density is adjusted minutely in the range of 103-105 by adjusting the alternating arc current, protrusion quantity of an electrode (3) and gas flow velocity of a nozzle. The method and the device can reduce the consumption and save the cost.

Abstract: The present invention provides a laser processing method comprising the steps of attaching a protective tape 25 to a front face 3 of a wafer 1a, irradiating a substrate 15 with laser light L while employing a rear face of the wafer 1a as a laser light entrance surface and locating a light-converging point P within the substrate 15 so as to form a molten processed region 13 due to multiphoton absorption, causing the molten processed region 13 to form a cutting start region 8 inside by a predetermined distance from the laser light entrance surface along a line 5 along which the object is intended to be cut in the wafer 1a, attaching an expandable tape 23 to the rear face 21 of the wafer 1a, and expanding the expandable tape 23 so as to separate a plurality of chip parts 24 produced upon cutting the wafer 1a from the cutting start region 8 acting as a start point from each other.

Abstract: This robot system includes a robot, a laser emitting portion moved by the robot, capable of scanning a welding locus with a laser beam at least in a state where the laser emitting portion is not moving, and a control portion controlling the laser emitting portion to scan the welding locus with the laser beam in order to perform welding with weaving on the welding locus at least in the state where the laser emitting portion is not moving.

Abstract: An inexpensive pulse laser device that outputs a laser pulse capable of welding a transparent member is provided. There is provided a pulse laser device including: a laser light source 1 that outputs a repeated pulse laser; a demultiplexer 2 that demultiplexes the pulse laser output from the laser light source 1 into two pulse lasers; first pulse train generation means 3 that generates a first pulse train by changing at least a peak power and/or a pulse width of one of the two pulse lasers demultiplexed by the demultiplexer 2; and a multiplexer 4 that multiplexes the other of the two pulse lasers demultiplexed by the demultiplexer 2 and the first pulse train generated by the first pulse train generation means 3, in which a pulse laser in which a low-peak power pulse laser is superimposed on a high-peak power ultra-short pulse laser is output.

Abstract: A laser welding machine includes: an elevator that is capable of sliding an elevating platform; a pressing actuator that is fixed to the elevating platform at a base part of the pressing actuator and has a tip slidably connected to the base part and pressing a conductive upper terminal toward a conductive lower terminal; a laser oscillator; a machining optical device that is fixed to the elevating platform and has a lens to focus the laser light emitted from the laser oscillator; a position detector that detects a vertical positioning of the pressing actuator; a counter that receives an output of the position detector and delivers position information; and a control circuit that controls, based on the received signal from the counter, the elevator, the pressing actuator, and the machining optical device, and controls operation of the laser oscillator.

Abstract: A direct metal laser melting (DMLM) system for enhancing build parameters of a DMLM component includes a confocal optical system configured to measure at least one of a melt pool size and a melt pool temperature. The DMLM system further includes a computing device configured to receive at least one of the melt pool size or the melt pool temperature from the confocal optical system. Furthermore, the DMLM system includes a controller configured to control the operation of a laser device based on at least one build parameter.

Abstract: The laser welding apparatus includes a welding head and a welding head scanning apparatus. A collimate lens installed on a head body of the welding head is arranged opposite to an end face of optical fibers. The welding head includes only the collimate lens as a lens and the length is shortened. A laser generated by a laser oscillator is introduced into the optical fiber, enters the collimate lens, and then is converted to a parallel beam by the collimate lens. The laser of a parallel beam is irradiated on a surface a welding portion of the welding object through a laser path and the surface of the welding portion is melted. Metallic powder is jetted from powder feed paths formed in a head body to the melted portion and build-up welding is performed on the surface of the welding portion.