Abstract: The filler wire in hot wire-gas tungsten arc welding (HW-GTAW) apparatus is heated to near the melting point by application of the hot wire current over a determined length sufficient that the current required is low enough to avoid significant arc blow. This predetermined length of filler wire which approaches the molten state is supported by a ceramic sleeve which in turn may be protected by a stainless steel sheath.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improved method for repairing damaged or worn surfaces of turbine components or upgrading older designs to new, improved designs. This improved method applies to both high pressure and low pressure turbine components applications. This method includes depositing a plurality of individual spaced apart weld volumes onto a prepared surface of a turbine rotor. These individual spaced apart weld volumes form individual fingers without the need to machine the individual fingers from a single rectangular weld volume. Multiple weld volumes are formed concurrently with a space maintain between each weld volume using multiple torches without the problems normally associated with closely spaced welding arcs. Each individual spaced apart weld volume is formed by a plurality of layers of weld metal, with each layer being formed from a single oscillating weld bead to form a predetermined width.

Abstract: A high hardness flux cored wire for welding cold rolled metals is provided. The wire comprises a powdered flux containing a flux core powder wrapped by a low carbon steel sheet. The sheet is formed into a cylindrical structure, which is then extruded and drawn into the finished flux cored wire. The flux cored wire is used for welding cold rolled metals, and provides for strong welds having hardnesses in the range of HRC 62-69. The improved wire is inexpensive and easily manufactured.

Abstract: A method of electric arc spraying metal upon an article. The method comprises providing an article to be sprayed, providing a supply of fusible metal feedstock, providing a metal feedstock feeding device, and providing a substrate of conductive heat resistant material. The substrate has a centrally disposed orifice extending therethrough. A source of electrical current is provided having a first electrode electrically coupled with an end of the metal feedstock, and a second electrode electrically coupled with the plate of conductive material. The source of current is activated to establish an electric arc between the metal feedstock and the plate of conductive material. The electrical arc creates a droplet spray of metal from the metal feedstock. The droplet spray is directed through the orifice in the substrate towards the article. The power supply is periodically pulsed between a first current and a second current.

Abstract: A method of gas shielded arc welding steel railroad rails spaced from each other to define a longitudinal gap comprises the steps of providing an elongated steel barrier plate across the gap at the bottom of the spaced rails, and filling gap above the barrier plate with a molten steel from an advancing filler metal electrode by a gas shielded electric arc welding process. The barrier plate has a central portion received in the gap and longitudinally extending recesses laterally outwardly adjacent to the central portion and which underlie the bottoms of the rails at the bottom of the gap.

Abstract: An article is welded, as in weld repair of a defect, by positioning a weld lift-off block at a location on the surface of the article adjacent to the intended location of the end of the weldment on the surface of the article. The weld lift-off block has a wedge shape including a base contacting the surface of the article, and an upper face angled upwardly from the base from a base leading edge. A weld pool is formed on the surface of the article by directly heating the surface of the article using a heat source. The heat source is moved relative to the surface of the article and onto the upper surface of the weld lift-off block by crossing the leading edge of the wedge, without discontinuing the direct heating of the article by the heat source. The heating of the article with the heat source is discontinued only after the heat source is directly heating the upper face of the weld lift-off block, and not the article.

Abstract: A TIG welding apparatus comprises a welding current supply means for supplying an electric current, a shield gas supply means for supplying shield gases, a tungsten electrode connected to the welding current supply means, a welding torch disposed coaxially around the tungsten electrode and provided with inner and outer double gas shields having gas jetting nozzles through which the gases are jetted, a plurality of wires to be fed to a portion at which the gases are jetted through the gas jetting nozzles, a wire feeding means, and a heating means connected to the wires, except at least one wire, for heating the wires.

Abstract: A system of machined and welded pipe with no connectors or scarfed welds and method to provide a continuous section for pipe and pipe-like structures; displaying electron beam welding for constructing continuous pipe.

Abstract: A hybrid welding apparatus for subjecting a base metal to gas-shielded arc welding and laser welding comprises a laser generator for emitting a laser beam and a condenser optical system for condensing the laser beam to laser weld the base metal. The condenser optical system includes a plurality of lenses, each having a hole portion in the center thereof. A tubular supply holder for supplying a welding wire is passed through these respective hole portions of the lenses and located substantially coaxially with the axis of the condenser optical system. The laser beam and welding wire to be applied to the base metal are arranged coaxially, so that laser-welding and arc-shielded welding can be simultaneously performed with a wide angle between the welding head and a bevel of the base metal, thereby deepening penetration of the weld at an increased welding speed.

Abstract: A method for applying a material to the face 16,18 of a rotor blade 10 is disclosed. The method includes blocking the flow of molten material to adjacent structure of a rotor blade by disposing a pad against the structure.

Abstract: An assembly for welding includes a frame member and a plurality of repositionable torches supported by the frame member adjacent a linear path of travel of a metal strip. The method includes the steps of welding the metal strip, ascertaining the character of the weld and repositioning the torches to alter the character of the weld.

Abstract: An apparatus for underwater welding has a housing and a diverter. The diverter is inside the housing and has an outer sheath and an inner sheath. A gap between the housing and diverter passes a screening fluid to form an outer screening jet that prevents water from flowing into a weld site near the electrode. The inner sheath forms a pair of channels in the inner diverter. One channel passes a shielding fluid that shields the weld site. The other channel forms an exhaust line for venting the weld site during welding.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for welding comprising the steps of: contacting a plurality of workpieces to be welded having different heat capacities so as to form a boundary portion therebetween; placing a welding electrode in proximity to the boundary portion; generating an arc discharge between the welding electrode and the boundary portion; and supplying gas to the boundary portion, wherein more gas being supplied to one of the workpieces having a lower heat capacity than another workpiece having a higher heat capacity.

Abstract: An expansion valve has a housing with a hole extending through its outer wall. A plug body seals the hole after a heat sensing gas, which senses the temperature of the gas-phase refrigerant passing through the expansion valve, is pressurized in the housing through the hole. The plug body, which is made from a cut metallic material, seals the hole to maintain the pressurized gas in the housing. The plug body is welded to the housing by an electrical weld. A corrosion inhibitor can be applied around the weld periphery to prevent corrosion from forming at the weld areas. The plug body has a line contact portion formed by a tapered surface, e.g., a conical portion, with a plurality of concentrically arranged a line contact portion, which has spaced projections. These projections can be formed, for instance, by cutting circumferentially around the tapered surface.

Abstract: A welding torch (10) for gas tungsten arc (tungsten inert gas) welding includes a housing (12) and an electrode holder (50, 52) which is mounted on the housing so as to project therefrom, and which is adapted to hold an electrode (54) such that the electrode projects from an end of the holder remote from the housing. A shroud (14) is mounted on, or forms part of, the housing (12) and extends around but is spaced from the electrode holder (50, 52). Electrically conductive means (46, 48) extends within the housing (12) for electrically connecting the electrode holder (50, 52) to one terminal of an electric power source. The torch (10) is adapted for connection to a source of an inert gas for generating a flow of gas through the shroud (14), around the electrode holder (50, 52).

Abstract: A method of gas shielded arc welding steel railroad rails spaced from each other to define a transverse gap, which method comprising the steps of providing an elongated steel barrier plate wedged into said gap at the bottom of the spaced rails and filling gap above said steel barrier plate with a molten steel from an advancing filler metal electrode by a gas shielded electric arc welding process initiated by an arc between the electrode and the barrier plate.

Abstract: A process for welding work pieces (10) with a laser beam that is focused n the work pieces (10) that are moved relative to it, and causes vaporization of the material, such that apart from the laser beam (11), an arc (12) is used in the area of the work pieces (10) that is struck by the laser beam. In order to improve the welding result, the process is undertaken in such a way that a work piece (10) with a laser-formed surface pathway that is free of dielectric substances, which pathway guides the arc (12) within a dielectric layer (15) that completely covers the remainder of the area of the weld (14), is used.

Abstract: A Method of Manufacture and Installation for a Spring Hanger Replacement Pad including specific steps of hot forming, air cooling, specific welding, and insulated cooling of the welded combination.

Abstract: A welding process in which laser radiation is trained on the seam area fod between two sheet-metal workpieces, one of which has an edge projecting above the other. In addition, the arc is guided along this edge to melt the edge and contribute molten metal to the pool formed by the laser.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for welding hinge pins onto links each formed of one or more elements, the links being connected to each other by means of said hinge pins arranged in passages provided for this purpose in the links, each pin being fixed onto one of the links and hinged onto the next link, characterised in that the connection of the pin to the link is made via an arc welding operation with the aid of an electrode in an inert atmosphere without using a solder.

Abstract: Method to create three-dimensional bodies (30), for example models, formers, finished products, semi-finished products, among others, from a medium (12) consisting of particles, by producing a number of cross-sectional layers (25), each and every one representing a cross section of an object that has to be manufactured, whereby by means of an energy producing device (22a), which moves over the medium, the particles, in the just then topmost layer, in chosen areas, are connected at least with each other or with each other and with a preceding layer, in accordance with signals from a control unit (20). Particles that are no connected in respective layers are removed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process of butt-welding together sheet metal plates, in particular those having different sheet metal thicknesses, by means of an edge preparation that mills the edges of the sheet metal plates while they are clamped in a sheet metal stack. For this purpose, an appropriate apparatus is provided having supporting and clamping mechanisms.

Abstract: In a plasma welding process, a voltage is applied between an electrode and an object for welding with injecting a plasma gas to generate a plasma, and welding is performed with taking the plasma as a heat source. The process cyclically varies energy contained in a plasma arc by cyclically varying a plasma gas flow rate.

Abstract: A method of performing thermal working to metal material containing helium, which comprises the steps of previously feeding current through a thermally working portion of the metal material containing helium to thereby reduce a helium content in the portion without melting the portion and then heating and melting the portion to improve the defects of the metal structure of the metal material containing helium. As a result, the improvement and removal of defects of the metal structure can be achieved by reducing a helium content in the thermally working portion of the metal material.

Abstract: An improved fire-resistant above-ground storage tank for flammable and combustible materials is fabricated from steel plates of at least 10 gauge, the sheets being made from a ferrous alloy having a maximum of approximately 0.15% carbon and a maximum of approximately 0.8% manganese and the steel plates welded in a specific way resulting in a tank that can withstand a 2000.degree. F. environment for a minimum of two hours.

Abstract: A TIG welding method is usually carried out in a manner that a tungsten electrode is inserted into a weld groove portion of a member to be welded, an electric voltage is applied to a current conducting portion provided for the tungsten electrode while flowing a shield gas means to thereby generate an arc between the tungsten electrode and the member to be welded to form a molten pool of the member, a welding wire is inserted into the molten pool, and a welding torch is then operated to perform a welding process. In the improvement of the TIG welding method, the shield gas means is composed of an inner shield gas flowing from a periphery of the tungsten electrode to a front end thereof inserted into the weld groove portion of the member to be welded and an outer shield gas flowing towards the weld groove angle from an outside of the inner shield gas to prevent the molten pool from being oxidized and to prevent oxygen in air from being involved.

Abstract: Compressive residual stresses can be developed by underwater plasma transferred arc welding. The development of these compressive stresses act to prevent hot cracking and He embrittlement that can develop during welding or stress corrosion cracking that can develop subsequent to the welding operation.

Abstract: A sensor bracket for mounting an anti-lock braking sensor is welded to an axle with a welding method that causes a portion of a bracket preform to be consumed to form the weld joint. In one preferred embodiment, an outer end of a stem of the bracket is formed of a material that will be made molten by an arc between the bracket and the axle. A fluxing agent is preferably mounted on an extreme end of the stem to initially ignite and clean the area on the axle, and further insure that the other portions of the bracket will become molten. The method preferably includes supplying a current through the bracket preform and bringing the bracket preform towards the axle. The axle is grounded, and as the bracket preform is brought adjacent to the axle, an arc is formed between the two. Outer portions of the bracket preform thus become molten. A fixture for mounting the bracket preform continues to bring the bracket preform towards the axle for a predetermined period of time.

Abstract: A welding method that permits thick pieces of metal to be welded together over the entire face of their touching surfaces during a process of self organizing, single pass arc welding in the ambient air without any special proofing of the welding bath melt. The higher quality and faster weld when welding considerably thick metals in a single pass is achieved by using an insulated stationary consumable electrode clamped between the parts to be welded together and by scientifically substantiated selection of the value of the electric power applied to the end face of the electrode.The arc is distinguished by the fact that the value of its power is sustained at a level which keeps the pressure of the metal vapor P.sub.me which arises due to vaporization of the electrode material in the welding zone higher than the air pressure P.sub.atm with a relation between them complying with the rule P.sub.me .gtoreq.(1.1-2.0)P.sub.atm.

Abstract: A process for providing a significant improvement in the detrimental tensile residual stress condition on the root side of welds, especially on the inside wall of piping welds. The method uses a high welding torch travel speed (>10 inches/min), especially on the last one or two cap passes. The process relies on the limited thermal heat sink capability of the pipe wall and nearly completed weld joint itself to generate a significant through-wall temperature gradient, and therefore a sufficient through-wall stress gradient during the welding. This stress gradient results in metal plasticity and permanent strains, and therefore a reduction in the magnitude of the final residual stress or, preferably as conditions allow, a reversal in the direction of the stresses from tensile to compressive. The method can be used as a welding process or as a heat treatment. In the case of heat treatment, the far surface of the weld joint is heated without fusion of the material making up the far surface.

Abstract: A process for buttwelding metal workpieces having bevelled joint preparations using an automatic GTAW welder using filler wire includes preparing the bevelled workpiece with bevelled joint areas having minimal land thickness at the root extremities; placing the prepared workpiece joint sections together with an open gap between their adjacent root extremities, the gap having a minimum dimension that avoids harmful compression stress between the workpieces due to weld shrinkage and a maximum dimension that avoids filler wire penetration of the gap; fusion welding the open root area of the adjacent workpieces with a root pass weld using an automatic GTAW welder supplied with filler wire and a shield gas including 1 to 10% hydrogen and the balance inert gas; and then promptly overlaying the root pass weld with at least one additional filler weld pass using an automatic GTAW supplied with filler wire and hydrogen-free shield gas.

Abstract: The invention relates to the welding of cast-iron castings.The process for the fusion welding of spheroidal-graphite cast-iron castings comprises the following steps:a) a preheat at a temperature of between 230.degree. and 300.degree. C. is carried out before buttering the zone of the casting to be welded;b) a heat treatment at a temperature of between 800.degree. and 920.degree. C. is applied to the buttering for a suitable period and .then a cooling cycle is carried out;c) again, a preheat of the buttering is carried out at a temperature of between 130.degree. and 200.degree. C. and followed by a finish weld.Application to the repair of cast-iron castings and to the joining of cast-iron castings together or to steel castings.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for graining a surface having a substantial area traveling at a substantial rate of speed. The method includes directing the surface past an array of electrical arcs traveling about a plurality of loop electrodes arranged to provide overlapping arc loop paths as the surface travels past the array of arc loops. The arc loops are established between the loop electrodes and the traveling surface, and thus contact the surface to grain the same. When each arc is struck between its loop electrodes and traveling surface, it is magnetically impelled about the loop of its electrode by a magnetic field established perpendicular of the direction of arc current flow. An annular sheath of gas is provided on each side of the electrode loop and the arc struck between the electrode loop and the traveling surface.

Abstract: A method and apparatus especially useful for supplying inert gas to a highly pressurized pressure vessel, such as a hybrid inflator for an automotive airbag module, and weld sealing the gas passage or opening therein to avoid or substantially eliminate weld cracks. The apparatus for accomplishing same comprises no moving parts and the welding is accomplished by utilizing either a groove or a conical rise feature formed into the end plug or wall surface of the pressure vessel wall surrounding the gas passage or opening so that no additional filler material is required to obtain the weld seal. The method and apparatus may also be used to weld seal low or non-pressurized vessels as well as vacuum vessels.

Abstract: A method for making and assembling a metal panel with laser cut decorative designs on a metal support structure, using electric-arc welding assembly to ensure all areas are coated during powder coating.

Abstract: A method of forming an orthopaedic implant having a porous surface, the method including the steps of providing a porous surface including a porous layer attached to a substantially solid layer; positioning the porous layer on the orthopaedic implant; providing a high energy density welding device capable of producing a high energy density weld beam; and forming a weld bead substantially about the periphery of the porous layer by directing the high energy density weld beam about the periphery of the porous layer, wherein the weld bead bonds the porous layer to the implant. Two shaped porous pads may also be welded together about an implant body to avoid welding the body itself.

Abstract: A welding process and an apparatus used therein for providing a significant improvement in the detrimental tensile residual stress condition on the root side of welds, especially on the inside wall of piping welds. The method combines an extremely thin weld joint design with a non-circular cylindrical, thin welding electrode having an elongated cross-sectional shape. During welding, the elongated dimension is aligned parallel with the length of the weld joint. This combination enables joining of piping and other residual stress-sensitive components with both the initial weld joint preparation and the completed weld having a uniquely thin width and with a high aspect ratio of depth to width. Use of this high-aspect-ratio weld joint process substantially mitigates welding-induced residual stresses, without the normally required internal water cooling.

Abstract: This interface connection through a hole (2) in a high-temperature-resistant and vacuum-proof insulating part (1), particularly of ceramic, glass, or a single crystal, consists of a metallic lead (4, 17) inserted into the hole (2) and having a coefficient of thermal expansion less than that of the insulating part (1), wherein at least one end of the lead, if it is flush with at least one surface of the insulating part, is covered with active brazing material which high-vacuum-seals it to the insulating part, or, if it projects beyond at least one surface of the insulating part, is high-vacuum-sealed to the insulating part by means of ring-shaped active brazing material (5'), since in the liquid phase, the active brazing material moves into the gap between the wall of the hole (2) and the lead (4, 17) due to capillary action.

Abstract: Welding a stack of stator laminations is accomplished with an arbor and a nest tool. The nest tool has a base from which extend plural lamination stacking members. The arbor is reciprocated with respect to the nest tool to extend through the center of a stack of laminations. A welding torch reciprocates relative to a stack of laminations to perform the welding operation.

Abstract: A metal member, such as a metal mold, can be securely repaired by a welding machine and an arc melting machine. A proper volume of fine welding powder or a thin sheet-type welding material is provided on the portion of the metal member to be repaired. A primary electrode of the welding machine is pressed to a portion of the welding powder or the welding material. A large pulse current of 300-1500 amperes is applied to the primary electrode for a short period of 1/1000-4/1000 seconds to form dot-shaped welded metal nuggets on the metal member, which nuggets are made to couple or overlap continuously with other plural welded metal nuggets. Thus, a build-up welding with nuggets, lines of nuggets or layers of nuggets is established and the welded portion has a desired thickness in a desired area of the portion to be repaired. The build-up welded portion of the metal member to be repaired is enveloped in an inactive gas atmosphere.

Abstract: A welding electrode for providing a significant improvement in the detrimental tensile residual stress condition on the root side of welds, especially on the inside wall of piping welds. The electrode has a tungsten alloy blade. The blade is made from sheets of tungsten alloy by cutting or stamping. The preferred shape of the blade is an isosceles triangle. The base of the flat triangular blade is secured in a slot formed in an electrode holder. The electrode holder is preferably T-shaped, with the shank of the holder being connected to a conventional welding torch. The holder is made of electrically conductive material, whereby the blade is coupled to the torch for producing an electric arc at the blade tip for welding. The blade is optionally covered with a ceramic coating to prevent arcing to the side walls of the groove formed between the parts being welded. A further option is to incorporate insulating stand-offs which protrude from both flat sides of the electrode blade.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process and apparatus for generating uniform filler metal droplets of a size of from 50 to 1000 .mu.m for deposition onto small metal parts and components thereby producing localized heating and melting of the components to be joined.

Abstract: A method of metal-inert-gas arc welding which reduces spatter in the welding process, wherein a liquid (8), preferably a hydrocarbon, is dispersed in the inert gas during the welding process. At a weld site (2), the use of the liquid (8) dispersed in the gas prevents any spatter formed from adhering to any surface adjacent the welding hand piece (3). The liquid may be dispersed in the gas by passing the gas through the liquid in a container (7) located between the gas supply (12, 13) and the welding hand piece (3), or may be injected into the gas as a vapor or free mist.

Abstract: The present invention is a receiver made by a welding process. The receiver made according to this process has less net distortion because of a number of techniques used in the process, including: (1) cooling the weld with Carbon Dioxide (CO.sub.2) preheated with the welding torch tip; (2) use of not more than approximately 4% oxygen in the shield gas to enable hotter, faster welding; (3) the use of a reduced voltage and wire feed rate at the end of a weld to avoid cracking; (4) the intentional use of distortion to reduce net distortion; and (5) sequencing of welds to reduce distortion. Distortion can be introduced in the stamped parts as they are made or when placed in a fixture for welding that, when welded, have less distortion than before. Distortion can also be countered by welding parts in a sequence where a subsequent weld reduces the distortion of a previous weld.

Abstract: A single weld head, torch, is time-shared to implement any specified distributed heat input by scanning along a weld centerline and a region surrounding the centerline while adjusting the torch intensity accordingly on its path. The scan welding torch reciprocates rapidly on dynamically scheduled trajectories while power to the torch is modulated in real-time to provide a regulated heat input distribution in the weld region and on the weld centerline. The method generates a smooth and uniform temperature field, and deposits the full length of the weld bead simultaneously at a controlled solidification rate. As a result, grain interlacing on the bead interface in conjunction with a regulated material microstructure yield improved tensile joint strength.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of reducing an amount of welding deformation in the case where steel plates to be welded are butted and subjected to tack-welding and then the tack-welded portion is subjected to one side welding for joining the plates.In the present invention, not less than 3 welding electrodes are used and a welding condition is determined so that the parameter P shown by the expression of ##EQU1## can be a predetermined value. In this case, Qi is the heat input of each electrode determined by a current, voltage and speed, and Li is a distance from the first electrode to each electrode, and H is the maximum value of the height of a tack-welded bead, wherein the height H is made to be a value not more than half of the wall thickness of the steel plates to be welded.

Abstract: A superpure purity gas supply system adapted to prevent a semiconductor device of high cleanliness, into which a gas is introduced through a gas supply pipe system, from being contaminated with the metal s or the like deposited during the welding thereof, and a method of installing such a gas supply pipe system. The superhigh purity gas supply system according to the present invention is a pipe system consisting of gas supply pipe system parts welded portions, characterized in that the gas supply pipe system parts having such welded portions are washed with super high purity water before, during or after the installation of the pipe system.

Abstract: A welding system for superhigh purity gas supply system, capable of removing easily and completely the metals deposited, during the installation of the superhigh purity gas pipe system, on the outer surfaces of the portions of the pipes which are closed to the portions to be welded thereof and on the inner portions of these pipes, and capable of setting up a superhigh purity gas supply system in a short period of time.

Abstract: In a process and an apparatus for the longitudinal-side welding of tubes (1) to flat steel bars (2), in which the welding in each case is carried out on the top side and on the underside of the flat steel bars (2), the welding torches (4) are arranged in a fixed position, the parts (1, 2) to be joined are pressed against one another before the welding and are moved in the longitudinal direction by means of a conventional transport device (10) during the welding operation, and the welding is carried out on the top side in a known manner by means of a SAW process, combined pulse oscillation GMAW is carried out on the underside at the same time as the SAW carried out on the top side, during which pulse oscillation GMAW the torches (11) are set in very rapid lateral motion by means of an oscillation device (15), the oscillating speed for guiding the welding torches (11) being coordinated with the feed rate of the parts (1, 2) to be welded.

Abstract: A method of joining metal parts by fusion arc welding in a weld of small volume includes the steps of providing the metal parts to be joined having a first side which accessible to a welding operation and a second side opposite the first side. The metal parts have welding surfaces shaped to have a first flank adjacent the first side and a second flank adjacent the second side, a step joining the flanks. Each part has a relief bulge formed in the second side adjacent the second flank, and a centering offset at the second flank to position the metal parts relative to one another for welding. The relief bulge is provided to ensure that the centering offsets melt during welding, and is shaped to have a sufficient size so that a predetermined melt-through point develops for melting of the centering offset during welding.