Abstract: A heating apparatus and method for welding a superalloy article. The apparatus and method of this invention provide for pre-weld and post-weld heat treatments to be performed on an article within the same enclosure in which the welding operation is performed. The apparatus accurately controls the temperature of the component to be welded throughout the temperature treatment profiles with the use of means for welding the article, means for heating the article, and means for sensing the article temperature. The apparatus also works in conjunction with a memory storage device that stores appropriate pre-weld and post-weld heat treatment temperature profiles and a welding temperature profile for the article.

Abstract: A flux-cored wire for welding shielded by a flow of gas, in particular of the rutile or slag-free type, composed of an outer metal sheath and a central core comprising filling elements, and an MAG gas-shielded welding process using such a flux-cored wire for producing a welded joint on a steel construction, such as an offshore platform or a storage tank. The welded joint obtained has improved impact strength and improved toughness, and contains less than 65 ppm nitrogen, from 300 ppm to 0.12% carbon, from 0.01% to 0.6% silicon, from 0.9% to 1.9% manganese, from 20 ppm to 0.08% titanium, from 1 ppm to 80 ppm boron, from 5 ppm to 150 ppm aluminum, from 10 ppm to 0.02% niobium and from 10 ppm to 0.02% vanadium.

Abstract: Welding methods are provided for use in joining ultra-high strength, low alloy steels to produce weldments having tensile strengths greater than about 900 MPa (130 ksi) with weld metals having fracture toughness suitable for cryogenic applications according to known principles of fracture mechanics.

Abstract: A process and a device for the gas-shielded MIG welding in modulated-spray mode, of aluminum, particularly aluminum alloys, or stainless steels, in which the current is modulated at a modulation frequency of less than 60 Hz. The shielding gas contains at least 90% helium, argon or a mixture thereof and at most 1.95% of at least one minor gaseous component chosen from oxygen and carbon dioxide. This process allows effective degassing of most of the diffusible hydrogen liable to be found in the pool of molten metal and improves the appearance and quality of the weld beads thus produced on workpieces or equipment intended for the rail, sea, air, road or space transport industry or for the chemical, petrochemical, electronic, nuclear or agrochemical industries.

Abstract: A shielding gas mixture for gas-metal arc welding of austenitic stainless steel is provided in which the gas mixture comprises from about 2 to about 5% carbon dioxide, from about 1 to about 4% nitrogen, and the balance being argon. Also, a process for welding austenitic stainless steel is provided by forming an electric arc between a nonconsumable electrode and the workpiece and in which the gas mixture is used.

Abstract: A high hardness flux cored wire for welding cold rolled metals is provided. The wire comprises a powdered flux containing a flux core powder wrapped by a low carbon steel sheet. The sheet is formed into a cylindrical structure, which is then extruded and drawn into the finished flux cored wire. The flux cored wire is used for welding cold rolled metals, and provides for strong welds having hardnesses in the range of HRC 62-69. The improved wire is inexpensive and easily manufactured.

Abstract: A method of welding the ends of two pipes at the open root between the spaced ends by an STT electric arc welder, which comprises: selecting a welding wire having 0.06-0.15% by weight carbon, 0.90-1.40% by weight manganese, and 0.45-0.75% by weight silicon, as well as phosphorous, copper, stainless steel alloys and sulfur; maintaining the sulfur at a given percentage level of the selected wire in the specific range of 0.015 to 0.035% by weight; and maintaining said phosphorous at a given percentage level of said selected wire in the specific range of less than about 0.015%.

Abstract: The machined ends of two parts (2, 4) are arranged in facing positions to form a welding bevel (6) between the parts (2, 4). A series of layers of filler metal are deposited one on top of the other in the welding bevel (6) in a direction thereof corresponding to the width of the parts (2, 4), by melting a wire (14) supplied at a predetermined feed rate to an electric arc between the parts to be welded and an electrode (13) supplied with a predetermined welding current and voltage. Each layer of filler metal essentially consists of a single weld bead across the full width of the bevel (6). The electric welding current and voltage and the feed rate of the wire (14) are predetermined in accordance with the width of the bevel (6).

Abstract: A fuel rod for a light water reactor comprises a cladding tube which comprises a zirconium alloy having a composition including 0.6 to 2.0% by weight of Nb, 0.5 to 1.5% by weight of Sn, 0.05 to 0.3% by weight of Fe, and the balance being Zr and incidental impurities; uranium oxide fuel pellets packed in the cladding tube; and end plugs comprising a zirconium alloy and closing both ends of the cladding tube. The cladding tube is sealed by TIG welding with the end plugs. Grain boundaries in each heat affected zone of the cladding tube, which are adjacent to a bead formed by TIG welding, have structural compositions including 4 to 30% by weight of Nb, and 0.9 to 20% by weight of Fe.

Abstract: A welding method in which the outer-most surfaces of ferritic stainless steel contains chromium oxide surfaces with no iron oxides. The welding method includes flowing a gas having an oxidizing activity over the welded part while applying an arc to the welded part, which is insufficient to melt the welded part. The resulting welded stainless steel is suitable for use as clean room gas supply lines.

Abstract: A welded material composed of welded ferritic stainless steel in which the outermost surface of the welded part contains a chromium oxide surface containing no iron oxides.

Abstract: A method of arc welding to build the thickness of a high sulfur, low alloy steel workpiece comprises the steps of preparing the surface of the high sulfur, low alloy workpiece; applying a layer of metal over the prepared surface using a low energy arc; and applying additional layers of metal using a high energy welding arc.

Abstract: A system for repairing worn, distorted, cracked, or degraded portions of high temperature rotors such as those used in high-pressure and reheat steam turbines is disclosed. The repairs are applicable to low alloy steels generally described in ASTM Specification A-470 classes 3, 7, and 8. Explicit controls on the welding process, the welding consumables, and the placement of the weld fusion line are disclosed. For the welding process, a novel staging of the "relative heat input" for applying the initial cold wire gas tungsten arc weld (GTAW) buttering layer is disclosed. Significantly, the optimum weldment properties are achieved in the cold wire GTAW by utilizing a lower heat input for the crucial second layer relative to the first layer. Faster deposition or weld build-up is achieved over the buttering layer by applying the balance of welding through utilization of the hot-wire GTAW process.

Abstract: A fuel rod for a light water reactor comprises a cladding tube which comprises a zirconium alloy having a composition including 0.6 to 2.0% by weight of Nb, 0.5 to 1.5% by weight of Sn, 0.05 to 0.3% by weight of Fe, and the balance being Zr and incidental impurities; uranium oxide fuel pellets packed in the cladding tube; and end plugs closing both ends of the cladding tube. The cladding tube is sealed by TIG welding with the end plugs. Precipitates having grain diameters of 0.01 to 0.5 .mu.m and comprise intermetallic compounds containing Zr, Nb and Fe are present at grain boundaries in the structure of heat affected zones of the cladding tube, the heat affected zone being adjacent to a bead formed by TIG welding.

Abstract: An article made of a nickel-base superalloy having a nil-ductility range from the solidus temperature of the alloy to about 600.degree. F. below the solidus temperature is welded, as for example in the weld repair of surface cracks, by removing foreign matter from the area to be welded, first stress relieving the article, adjusting the temperature of the article to a welding temperature of from about 1800.degree. F. to about 2100.degree. F., welding a preselected area in an inert atmosphere at the welding temperature, and second stress relieving the article. Welding is preferably accomplished by striking an arc in the preselected area so as to locally melt the alloy in the preselected area, providing a filler metal having the same composition as the nickel-based superalloy of the article, and feeding the filler metal into the arc so that the filler metal is melted and fused with the article to form a weldment upon solidification.

Abstract: Provided is a stainless-steel flux cored wire electrode with excellent arc stability and good workability with less sputter generation, which can attain the overall sputter reduction and arc stability and can further prevent instantaneous arc disorders and sputter generation at a higher level to form a high-quality weld metal. A stainless-steel flux cored wire electrode comprising a flux filled in the stainless-steel housing at 10 to 30% to the total weight of the wire electrode, wherein the wire electrode temperature is measured and recorded on the recording chart of a temperature recorder, which chart is scaled in such a manner that the 100.degree. C. corresponds to 5 cm and the 100 mm wire electrode length corresponds to 1 cm, by passing electricity through appropriate two points, apart 300 mm to 1,000 mm from each other, in the wire electrode in the longitudinal direction, to electrically heat the wire electrode to 500.degree. to 1,000.degree. C.

Abstract: An alloy comprising nickel, chromium, molybdenum, manganese, nitrogen and on in amounts such that a weld metal formed therefrom is austenitic, wherein nitrogen is present in a concentration of from about 0.1 to about 0.2% of the alloy in weight percent. The weld metals prepared from the alloys of the present invention possess superior properties as compared to other stainless steels. These properties include inter alia a superior tearing modulus, fracture toughness, and yield strength, even at cryogenic temperatures.The present invention further provides a method for welding a metal part which is intended for exposure to cryogenic temperatures comprising welding the metal part using a welding electrode comprising nickel, chromium, molybdenum, manganese, nitrogen and iron in amounts such that a weld metal formed therefrom is austenitic, wherein nitrogen is present in the electrode in a concentration of from about 0.1 to about 0.2% of the electrode in weight percent.

Abstract: Aluminum-lithium plates are butt-welded by juxtaposing the plates and making a preliminary weld from the rear or root side of the seam. An initial weld is then made from the face side of the seam, which may cause a defect in the root portion. A full-size X-ray is made and overlain over the seam to identify the defects. The defect is removed from the root side, and rewelded. Material is then removed from the face side, and the cavity is rewelded. The procedure repeats, alternating from the root side to the face side, until the weld is sound.

Abstract: An easy to apply flux for increasing the penetration of gas tungsten arc welding of stainless steel substantially independent of flux thickness and variations in composition from heat to heat of stainless steel includes a flux consisting of reagent or laboratory grade TiO or TiO.sub.2 (about 50%), Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3 (about 40%), and SiO.sub.2 (about 10%) in a liquid carrier, preferably of methyl ethyl ketone. The flux is easy to apply, increases penetration of the weld, decreases bead width, and increases weld cross sectional area.

Abstract: The composition of a hard-facing welding material to be overlaid onto a cast iron base metal followed by a supercooling treatment for hardening must lie above a line LA in a Schaeffler's structure diagram which is represented by a Cr equivalent and a Ni equivalent. On the other hand, if the base metal is preheated, the carbon precipitation line will be at the Ni equivalent of 34 (LC1), and the Cr equivalent will thus be above 4. However, if the Cr equivalent is above 4, there will occur cracks after welding (examples in which cracks occurred are shown by square marks represented by a in FIG. 1). As a solution, the carbon precipitation line was raised up to the Ni equivalent of 38 without preheating the base metal, and the Cr equivalent of the welding material was made to be 4 or less.

Abstract: This invention relates to solid, bare, consumable wire electrodes for gas metal arc (GMA) welding of high strength low alloy (HSLA) steels. The electrodes require little or no preheat, interpass and post soak temperature controls. The invention also relates to the method of welding and weld deposits produced therefrom.

Abstract: The shielding gas mixture for the TIG or GTAW arc welding of stainless steels, in particular of duplex or super duplex steels, comprises, in argon, from 3 to 18%, advantageously approximately 10%, of helium and from 1 to 3%, advantageously approximately 2%, of nitrogen. This gas mixture makes it possible to ensure good corrosion resistance of the metal deposited, acceptable solidity of the welds and excellent arc stability, as well as a suitable viscosity of the molten metal appropriate to manual welding in all positions.

Abstract: In the present invention, a steel product having a specified composition comprising by weight C: 0.02 to 0.25%, Si: 0.01 to 2.0%, Mn: 0.30 to 1.5%, Al: 0.003 to 0.10%, Nb: 0.005 to 0.10%, and Mo: 0.05 to 1.00% with the balance consisting of Fe and unavoidable impurities is used to prepare a steel plate having a thickness of 3 to 100 mm (the upper limits of the Nb and Mo contents each being 0.025% particularly for a plate thickness of 3 to 25 mm), and the ratio of the yield stress of the steel plate at a temperature T, .sigma..sub.yT, to the yield stress of the steel plate at room temperature, .sigma..sub.y, over the temperature range of room temperature to 600.degree. C. is brought to a value falling within the following range:1.00-1.083.times.10.sup.-3 T<(.sigma..sub.yT /.sigma..sub.y)<1.16-5.101.times.10.sup.-4 T.Further, the constituents of a welding material are specified to bring the .gamma..sub.3 transformation temperature to below 620.degree. C.

Abstract: An automated process for inspecting and controlling the quality of titanium welds using color recognition. A color sensor and white light source are mounted to a fixture. The fixture is used to traverse the weld or the part being welded is moved in the viewing path of the sensor. The sensor is calibrated to indicate the desired or undesired color of a weld. A recording device such as a computer is used to receive signals from the sensor and record the location of weld colors that indicate an unacceptable weld. Weld parameters are controlled by color feedback to minimize the deposition of unacceptable weld.

Abstract: In a case of welding a highly neutron-irradiated austenitic stainless steel, the portion to be welded is heated under a condition of temperature and time in a predetermined range before welding. In this moment, chromium carbide (Cr.sub.23 C.sub.6) precipitates in the grain boundaries of the stainless steel. Welding is performed the state described above is obtained. Since, chromium carbide has been precipitated in the grain boundary by the heat treatment before welding, any helium atoms generated through nucleus conversion of Ni, are apt to be trapped with the chromium carbide, thereby reducing the number of gas bubbles formed by gathering the helium atoms in the grain boundaries. As a result, since decrease in the strength of the grain boundaries due to helium gas bubbles is moderated, it is possible to prevent occurrence of cracks during welding.

Abstract: Disclosed is a highly reliable weld repairing method to repair a crack defect in structures and apparatus inside pressure vessels of nuclear reactors, while preventing generation of new crack defects in the structures and apparatus during the repairing. These structures and apparatus are made of any of stainless steel and Ni-base alloys, and are irradiated with high energy corpuscular ray during operating period of the reactor. The repairing method includes the steps of eliminating a region of the structure or the apparatus including a portion having the crack defect, and executing spot welding at a surface of the region continuously or interruptedly in a manner so as to form a first welded layer in a manner that each of the spot welded spots is half-overlapped with adjacent welded spots. Additionally, welding for forming at least a second layer, on the first welded layer, so that the at least a second layer is not deeper than a weld penetration thickness of the first welded layer can be performed.

Abstract: A drive shaft assembly includes an aluminum torque tube and aluminum yokes that are arc welded to the ends of the torque tube. The torque tube has a hollow cylindrical end portion at each end that is pressed onto an annular end portion of the respective yoke to form a narrow annular slit. The two parts are then arc welded together by forming an electric arc between the parts at the narrow annular slit and a consumable aluminum based electrode. The electric arc is sustained with a pulsed high amperage direct current to fill the narrow annular slit with aluminum based material from the consumable electrode in a single pass.

Abstract: The arc welding, with a refractory electrode, using alternating current, is performed with a gaseous protective mixture including at the location of the weld, at least 50%, typically between 60 and 80% of helium and at least 300 vpm, typically between 400 and 800 vpm, of nitrogen, the remainder being argon.Application to manual or automatic welding of aluminium components.

Abstract: The arc welding, with a refractory electrode, using alternating current, is performed with a gaseous protective mixture employing, at the location of the weld, at least 60%, typically between 70 and 80% of helium and more than 1000 vpm, typically between 1100 and 1200 vpm, of carbon dioxide, the remainder being argon.Application to manual or automatic welding of aluminium components.

Abstract: Tailored aluminum blanks, such as structural automotive components, are formed by gas tungsten arc welding a plurality of aluminum or aluminum-alloy sections. Preferably, a backup plate having a shallow longitudinal groove or a plurality of longitudinal grooves and a beveled electrode are employed. A preferred embodiment comprises the use of a multi-torch assembly for initial cleaning and subsequent smoothing of the resulting weld.

Abstract: In arc welding of aluminum using an inert gas, 80 to 250 ppm of N.sub.2 O is added to the inert gas to improve the welding process and the welding result.

Abstract: Cast-iron bodies are repaired or surface defects corrected by chambering the cast-iron body in the region of the defect and positioning the body with the resulting recess upwardly opening beneath a crane from which the head of an electrode advancing unit is suspended. The cast-iron electrode extends into the recess and is advanced automatically in accordance with detection of the arc length. The welding arc is struck to deposit weldment in the recess while the electrode is swung in a pendulum motion back and forth.

Abstract: An improved method for increasing a selected metal composition of a substrate includes plating the selected metal component on the substrate followed by providing a single pass weld overlay with the selected metal containing weld filler metal to increase the metal weld clad deposit.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods of facing a surface of a weldable iron based material with a consumable iron based electrode and alloy forming elements by creating an electric arc between the electrode and the surface of the weldable base material effective to form a weld puddle of which the weldable base material provides from about 35% to about 80% by weight, and preferably a major portion, of the weld puddle formed by the electrode and the base plate and by depositing and melting a predetermined quantity of alloy forming elements in the weld puddle to form an alloy abrasion resistant or corrosion resistant facing. Also disclosed are plates having abrasion or corrosion resistant surfaces in which from about 35% to about 80% and preferably a major portion of the weld puddle formed by the electrode and the base material is the weldable iron based material.

Abstract: In arc welding of aluminum using an inert gas, such as argon or a mixture of argon and helium, 80 to 250 ppm of a mixture of N.sub.2 and N.sub.2 O is added to the inert gas to improve the welding process and the welding result.

Abstract: A method of forming a weld joint between an austenitic stainless steel and a ferritic steel. The ferritic steel contains 0.03 to 0.12% carbon, 0.70% or less silicon, 0.10 to 1.50% manganese, 0.030% or less phosphorus, 0.015% or less sulphur, 1.50 to 3.50% chromium, 0.40% or less molybdenum, 1.00 to 3.00% tungsten, 0.10 to 0.35% vanadium, 0.01 to 0.10% niobium, 0.030% or less Sol. aluminum, 0.020% or less boron, and 0.030% or less nitrogen.

Abstract: Welding wires for welding together intermetallic alloys of nickel aluminides, nickel-iron aluminides, iron aluminides, or titanium aluminides, and preferably including additional alloying constituents are fabricated as two-component, clad structures in which one component contains the primary alloying constituent(s) except for aluminum and the other component contains the aluminum constituent. This two-component approach for fabricating the welding wire overcomes the difficulties associated with mechanically forming welding wires from intermetallic alloys which possess high strength and limited ductilities at elevated temperatures normally employed in conventional metal working processes. The composition of the clad welding wires is readily tailored so that the welding wire composition when melted will form an alloy defined by the weld deposit which substantially corresponds to the composition of the intermetallic alloy being joined.

Abstract: Welding electrodes useful for gas metal-arc welding of low carbon steels such as HSLA and HY steels are provided. Those welding electrodes have a carbon content of up to about 0.05 weight percent, and form weld deposits with a low carbon bainitic ferrite microstructure and yield strength in excess of 80 ksi. More particularly, the welding electrodes have the following elemental composition ranges: 0.01 to 0.05 wt. % carbon, 0.7 to 1.8 wt. % manganese, 0.2 to 0.4 wt. % silicon, 1.0 to 9.0 wt. % nickel, up to 0.8 wt. % chromium, 0.4 to 1.5 wt. % molybdenum, up to 1.0 wt. % copper, up to 0.03 wt. % titanium, and up to 0.035 wt. % aluminum. The weld deposits resulting from those welding electrodes resist hydrogen induced cracking and may be used for welding naval hull materials without substantial preheating.

Abstract: Duplex stainless steel having about 25% chrome, 7% nickel and 3.5% molybdenum content included in its chemical composition is gas tungsten arc welded by a manual procedure wherein a continuous or segmented root pass weld is made with a filler metal rod of a first diameter and plural cover passes are made in segments or continuously using a filler metal rod of a larger diameter. The weld may be cooled by demineralized water between passes to limit the interpass temperature of the weld to about 300.degree. F. or less. The use of a larger diameter filler rod for the cover passes with a 300.degree. F. temperature limit between passes and segment welds in intermediate and cover passes of 180.degree. reduces time to complete circumferential girth welds for duplex stainless steel pipe by more than 50 percent.

Abstract: A submerged arc welding method for a high strength (2.25%-3%)Cr-3% Mo-V steel, to obtain a weld metal excellent in strength at room temperature and high temperature, toughness, and creep strength, after SR, temper brittleness resistance, cold crack resistance and SR crack resistance. The Cr-Mo steel contains: 2.00 to 3.25% of Cr, 0.90 to 1.20% of Mo, and V as essential components, and Nb, Ti, B and Ca as needed. A welding heat input is in the range of from 20 to 50 kJ/cm. The solid wire contains 0.09 to 0.19% of C, 0.30% or less of Si, 0.50 to 1.40% of Mn, 2.00 to 3.80% of Cr and 0.90 to 1.20% of Mo. The bonded flux contains 5 to 20% of SiO.sub.2, 20 to 40% of MgO, 2.4 to 12% of a metal fluoride (F-converted value) and 3 to 12% of a metal carbonate (CO.sub.2 -converted value). A weld metal contains 0.08 to 0.15% of C, 0.05 to 0.30% of Si, 0.50 to 1.20% of Mn, 0.030 to 0.060% of O, 0.10 to 0.50% of V and 0.005 to 0.035% of Nb. P and Ti in the weld metal are restricted to 0.010% or less and 0.

Abstract: A highly drill-resistant element, suitable for inclusion into the walls and/or doors of a security container to resist drilling to access the contents of the container is formed by welding onto a steel plate formed of REPUBLIC 100-AR (TM) steel a layer of Tube BORIUM.RTM. material by a known tungsten-inert-gas (TIG welding process). The REPUBLIC 100-AR (TM) steel has a chemical composition and is manufactured to inherently possess a very high yield strength and abrasion resistance. The Tube BORIUM.RTM. material, welded by the thick process, provides a very hard and drill-resistant layer comprising a heterogenous suspension of tungsten carbide particles of selected size in a steel matrix.

Abstract: The present invention provides a new and improved titanium metal drum cathode for use in the production of metal foils and a novel method of making the same. The method includes the steps of welding together the ends of a strip of titanium that has been roll formed into a cylinder. During the welding operation some of the weld beads that form the weld are hot peened immediately upon solidification. Upon complete formation of the weld, the formed and welded trip of titanium is subjected to a heat treating cycle that includes a double anneal. Preferably, the strip of titanium metal and the weld metal that is used to form the weld both comprise an addition agent such as yttria.

Abstract: A cored electrode for gas shielded arc welding to deposit a weld metal bead, where the electrode has a core of fill material surrounded by a ferrous tube with the fill material having alloying agents and oxide fluxing ingredients including, by weight of fill material, 40-60% titanium dioxide, 0.3-0.5% boron oxide, and 1.0-5.0% aluminum powder, with the aluminum powder having a higher affinity for oxygen than the oxide fluxing ingredients and with the amount of aluminum powder selected to produce 0.02-0.08% titanium, less than 0.002% boron and less than 0.10% aluminum in the weld metal.

Abstract: A metallic press die having an edge portion or high pressure portion for processing a workpiece therewith is made by overlaying a welding material to that portion of a base material for the metallic press die which forms the edge portion or high pressure portion, and then machining an overlaid portion into a predetermined shape of the edge portion or high pressure portion. The welding material has a hardness after welding of HRC 45 or below. After the machining step, the overlaid portion is subjected to a subzero treatment to increase the hardness of the overlaid portion. The welding material contains, as a basic composition thereof, 0.5-1.5% by weight of carbon (C), 0.2 -2.0% by weight of silicon (Si), 0.3-6.0% by weight of manganese (Mn), 0.3-10.0% by weight of chromium (Cr), 0.3-10.0% by weight of cobalt (Co), and the remaining parts of iron (Fe) inclusive of unavoidable impurities, and wherein a starting temperature of martensitic transformation is 150 .degree. C. or below.

Abstract: A method of welding metal products, at least one of which is made of nickel or a nickel alloy, comprises the steps of generating an arc between the products to be welded, serving as a positive pole, and a tungsten electrode held by a welding torch, serving as a negative pole. A shielding gas is emitted, consisting of an argon-based mixed gas containing one or both of hydrogen and helium, from a confining gas nozzle concentric with the tungsten electrode, thus confining the apparent flaring angle of the arc within 80 degrees. The welding torch is moved along the weld line while feeding the tip of a filler wire to a part of the molten pool directly below the arc. This method is applicable to the welding of metal products, at least one of which is made of nickel or a nickel alloy.

Abstract: Surface-treated metallic workpieces such as zinc-plated steel plates are welded with high quality while they are being held in intimate contact with each other. An auxiliary gas including an oxygen gas is ejected from a space (7) around an electrode (1) through a nozzle (8) to a welding point (9) on overlapping surface-treated metallic workpieces such as zinc-plated steel plates (3a, 3b). When the zinc-plated steel plates (3a, 3b) are welded in the atmosphere of the auxiliary gas, the surface layers of zinc and oxygen react with each other, producing a solid oxide such as zinc oxide or zinc peroxide. Therefore, a gas such as a zinc vapor is prevented from being produced between the overlapping zinc-plated steel plates (3a, 3b). The welded joint is of high quality without blowholes which would otherwise blow away molten steel.

Abstract: A method for welding together members consisting of precipitation age hardened materials includes the steps of selecting a weld filler material that has substantially the same composition as the materials being joined, and an age hardening characteristic temperature age threshold below that of the aging kinetic temperature range of the materials being joined, whereby after welding the members together, the resulting weld and heat affected zone (HAZ) are heat treated at a temperature below that of the kinetic temperature range of the materials joined, for obtaining substantially the same mechanical characteristics for the weld and HAZ, as for the parent material of the members joined.

Abstract: A method of connecting a manganese steel part to another carbon steel part including the steps of depositing an austeno-ferritic stainless steel at the end of a carbon steel part and welding the latter provided at its end with the deposit to a manganese steel part, the method being applicable to assembling a rail to a common crossing railway track part.

Abstract: Disclosed is a gas-shield arc welding method in which chemical components of base material and weld material (gas-shield arc welding wire), chemical component ranges of weld metal based on the base material and the weld material, especially, difference (.DELTA.(Cu+Ni), .DELTA.Mo) of Cu, Ni and Mo between the weld metal and the base material, and welding conditions are limited for the purpose of improvement preferential corrosion resistance, toughness and crack resistance of the weld metal in circumferential welding of a pipe exposed into a corrosion environment including CO.sub.2.

Abstract: A TIG weld produced from a rapidly solidified dispersion strengthened aluminum base alloy exhibits attributes of the alloy's microstructure extant prior to formation of the weld. TIG welding power is adjusted to minimize energy input into the weld. An arc gas contacts the weld to maximize rapid quenching thereof, while a second gas contacts the undersurface of the weld so that the undersurface of the weld is quenched. Cooling of the weld is further enhanced by a trailing gas selected from the group consisting of argon, nitrogen, helium, carbon dioxide and mixtures thereof. The weld is shot peened to homogenize the weldment and heat effected zone, and induce residual compressive stresses and cold working therein.