Abstract: Gas mixture suitable for MAG welding at a high current using a rod filled with non-alloyed or low alloy steels, comprises 20 to 65% argon, 5 to 20% helium, and at least 30% CO.sub.2.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for on-line pretwisting of welding wire. A spindle member is rotatably mounted within a housing, which includes an inlet for receiving two or more strands of welding wire. A wire advancing mechanism is provided within a cavity formed in the spindle member immediately downstream of the housing inlet, for advancing the strands of wire through the spindle member and the housing. The spindle member is rotatable about a twisting axis relative to the housing. Upon simultaneous operation of the advancing mechanism and rotation of the spindle member, twisting is imparted to the wire strands. The advancing mechanism feeds the twisted wire strands through a guide tube, which has its outlet positioned immediately upstream of a welding head. The twisted welding wire is fed through the guide tube outlet into the welding head for use in a welding operation.

Abstract: A method of assembling a vehicle body panel member comprises the steps of coupling each adjacent two of subdivided outer panel components with each other to incorporate the subdivided outer panel components into an outer panel, fixing the outer panel a predetermined position, providing the outer panel fixed at the predetermined position with arc welding at a junction between two adjacent subdivided outer panel components appearing on an external surface of the outer panel, and coupling subdivided inner panel components with the outer panel having been subjected to the arc welding so that the subdivided inner panel components are disposed on the inside of the outer panel to form an inner panel and thereby the vehicle body panel member is obtained.

Abstract: A refiner element (10) for the refining of fibrous material is provided with a comminuting surface of which at least a portion comprises an abrasive surface. The method of forming the refiner element (10) comprises casting a metal substrate (20) having a frontal surface (22), melting a relatively thin layer of the metal substrate on the frontal surface thereof to form a molten pool in the comminuting surface over the region thereof on which an abrasive surface is desired, depositing an abrasive material (38) into the molten pool formed in the metal comminuting surface (22) of the refiner element (10), and allowing the molten metal pool into which the abrasive material (38) has been deposited to solidify whereby the particles of abrasive material (38) are strongly bonded into the metal surface of the refining element to form the abrasive comminuting surface thereon.

Abstract: A welding contact tip or a weld nozzle is provided with a coating comprising a film of tungsten disulfide or other low friction material. The film provides resistance to weld spatter without interrupting electrical contact between the contact tip and electrode wire.

Abstract: A multi-torch interface allowing substantially immediate selection of one of a plurality of TIG welding torches. The interface may be retrofitted to an existing TIG welding system by attaching torch cables and inputs to the torches to a separate interface housing A series of valves and adapters within this housing are coupled to sources of current, inert gas, and coolant fluid and are actuated manually to allow for easy switching from one torch to another quickly and safely without tools. Alternatively, such an interface and series of valves, switches and adapters are incorporated within a TIG welding machine cabinet or power source and controlled by a ganged assemblage of switches and valves which are simultaneously actuated.

Abstract: A method of forming continuous or spot-sequenced lines across the surface of grain oriented steel strip by spark discharge from electrodes closely spaced from said strip, characterized in that the atmosphere through which the discharge is effected is inert. Preferably the inert atmosphere is nitrogen but other gases, e.g. argon may readily be employed.

Abstract: In lap joint welding of galvanized sheets, the occurence of blowhole and pit is prevented by applying a blowhole.multidot.pit preventing agent comprising a phosphorus compound as an effective ingredient prior to the arc-welding.

Abstract: A narrow gap arc welding process comprises steps of defining a narrow gap between a pair of members to be welded arranged so as to face each other at a predetermined distance, feeding a consumable electrode into a guide cylinder which is movable along the narrow gap, and generating electric arc between the tip of the consumable electrode and the members to be welded to unite them with each other, wherein the consumable electrode, while being deformed plastically to have a wave-like pattern with a pitch of about 10 to 30 mm and a molding width of about 2 to 5 mm depending on welding conditions, is fed into the narrow gap with the direction of the molding width being in line with the direction of the width of the narrow gap and the direction of the tip of the consumable electrode being changed so as to point out one after the other facing edge of the members to be welded alternately at a high frequency. Also, an apparatus for practicing the process is described.

Abstract: To terminate welding, the mean energy of the arc is first reduced to obtain plugging of the hole, then this energy is briefly increased before again being decreased. Application to plasma arc welding of carbon steels.

Abstract: A gas metal arc welding process employing a shielding gas mixture consisting essentially of (A) 2 to 12 volume percent carbon dioxide, (B) 20 to 45 volume percent helium and (C) the balance argon.

Abstract: An outer wall structure of a torque converter or the like including an input housing (1) having an end portion (2), and a pump impeller shell 4 having an end portion (5) fixed to the end portion of the input housing (1). one (5) of the end portions (2, 5) is provided at the outer peripheral surface with a surface portion (15) of a relatively small diameter and a surface portion (16) of a relatively large diameter. A space (27) for accumulating spatter therein is formed between an inner peripheral surface (20) of the other end portion (2) and the surface portion (15) of the relative small diameter.

Abstract: A method is shown for manufacturing rotary rock bits. The method reduces the effect of stresses in the area of the radial weld seams by providing a channel in the interior of the bit which intersects the root region of each weld, providing a generous radius for the root region of each radial weld.

Abstract: A gas-metal-arc welding process, utilizing a four-gas mixture and relatively high voltage, produces a high rate of weld metal deposition. The process involves continuously advancing the end of a meltable, thin wire electrode towards a weld metal deposit surface, while maintaining a predetermined length arc gap therebetween. A flow of shielding gas, which is formed of major proportions of argon and helium and minor proportions of carbon dioxide and oxygen, coaxially surrounds and flows along the electrode end portion and arc gap towards the deposit surface. A relatively high electrical voltage and current density are applied to the electrode. A roughly conically-shaped, hot plasma field is formed within the arc gap between the electrode end and the metal deposit surface.

Abstract: A method of forming stub ends used for joining pipes together by depositing successive layers of weld metal on the outer circumference of a rotating length of pipe. Initial layers having a common forward edge but of decreasing width are deposited to provide metal for the machining of a radius joining the flange to the pipe. Thereafter, successive layers of weld metal of substantially the same width and the same common forward edge are deposited to form the flange. The method is preferably practiced by inert gas shielded pinch arc welding to provide an integral flanged stub end made up completely of weld metal. The resulting structure is substantially uniform and homogeneous with a desirable grain structure, and is pore and defect free. The method further provides economical manufacture of flanged stub ends with relatively little waste of materials.

Abstract: A spray mode gas metal arc welding process employing a shielding gas mixture consisting essentially of (A) 3 to 8 volume percent carbon dioxide, (B) 30 to 40 volume percent argon and (C) the balance helium.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for generating a plasma arc used in arc welding, arc transformation hardening, minute working, etc. A plasma gas used for generating a plasma arc includes xenon. A tungsten electrode having a diameter of 0.5 millimeters or less is used. Thus, an extremely low plasma arc current of 0.1 amperes or less can be produced in a stabilized manner.

Abstract: A gas-metal-arc welding process, utilizing a consumable, axially advanced, wire electrode and a four-gas shielding mixture, forms a weld bead along a vertically downwardly direction. As the bead is formed, the electrode is moved vertically downwardly in alignment with the central axis of the bead, with the tip of the electrode gapped from the weld material deposit which forms the bead. A relatively high electrical voltage and current density is applied to the electrode to produce a stable, conically-shaped hot plasma field. The field is concentric with the axis of the electrode and extends across the gap. The plasma field is positioned to transversely overlay, and to be substantially coextensive with, the full width of the bead. Molten metal globules transfer by free flight along the axis of the field, from the electrode tip across the gap to the weld deposit to laterally spread out and adhere to the deposit to form the bead.

Abstract: A welding machine for welding opposed ends of a forming blank using a micro plasma welding device. The blank formed into a ring and the ends of the ring are clamped in an opposed manner and welded. The next blank to be formed is clamped prior to completion of ejection of the preceding welded ring.

Abstract: A method of conducting electricity in an arc welding device especially to an arc electrode (1), such as a welding, cutting, cleaning or electrolyte coating electrode, or to a device supporting such electrode, as well as an arc welding device to realize the method. The electrode (1) or the device supporting it is brought to a direct contact before the arc area with a flowing, preferably liquid, medium in contact with the power supply. The device for conducting electric current comprises a chamber (2) adapted inside the casing (6) and including flowing, preferably liquid, medium, which is in electrically conductive contact to the power supply and the electrode (1) or the device supporting it.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing hemispherical tank heads is disclosed in which a pair of planar lune members having a generally football shape are cut from flat metal stock. The members are each then formed into a three dimensional lune section having a generally orange-peel sectional shape. Each section is placed onto a trim jig and a first edge of the sections are trimmed to leave some excess material beyond a desired trim line. A second edge of each section is then trimmed to a desired trim line. The two trimmed sections are placed on a joining jig with the second edges of the sections juxtaposed and joined to form a hemispherical member. Finally, the hemispherical member is placed onto the trim jig and the excess materials on the first edges is trimmed to form an accurate hemispherical tank head. Preferably, the trim jig is rotated relative to a stationary plasma torch during all trimming operations.

Abstract: An automatic welding turntable for welding together the cut-apart halves of a reconditioned torque converter is tilted to cause the bead of weld to fill the crack between the halves of the torque converter. A motor rotates the torque converter in a first direction while wire is fed to the stinger of a wire-fed arc welder. A sensor and a control circuit cause the torque converter to rotate 360.degree. plus a predetermined increment, stop welding, counter-rotate the predetermined increments, and shut down so that the turntable is set up to complete the next weld of 360.degree. plus the predetermined increment.

Abstract: A welding beveling of a T-joint of a member welded to a rib on a lower plate, the rib varying in thickness along its length, comprises a beveling on an upper plate partially overlapping the rib at the thicker portion of the rib and having a clearance between the upper plate and the rib at the thinner portion, and a part of the beveling at the thicker rib portion being provided with a detecting hole for detecting the overlap.

Abstract: A welding method for metal parts includes preparing the surface areas of the parts to be welded to provide bare metal surfaces which are clean and dry, clamping said parts together, coating the bare metal surface with a liquid coating comprised of zinc dust, manganomanganic oxide fume, and organic binder, permitting the coating to dry, and welding the coated surfaces together by gas metal arc welding.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for welding involving directing a high velocity stream of gas at an angle to a welding arc in the direction of travel of the welding arc and onto the molten pool of metal formed by the arc as the molten pool solidifies, and a method and apparatus for injecting particles into the molten pool just prior to its solidification concurrently with the flow of high velocity gas.

Abstract: A cluster welding electrode assembly is provided which permits the deposition of maximum weights of weld metal with minimum amperage and voltage values. The assembly is comprised of a central rod electrode having circumferentially grouped or nested thereabout in longitudinally aligned relationship a plurality of lesser diameter rod electrodes. Each of the rods in the assembly carries thereon a novel flux coating productive during the welding operation of a nickel-chromium-molybdenum type alloy characterized as dense, porous-free and homogenous. The flux composition incorporates defined amounts of molybdenum and tungsten, and there is obtained by practice of the invention weld metal of low carbon content and substantially improved physical properties.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for eliminating microfissure defects in shape melted austenitic material components by closely controlling the deposited weld bead shape to a geometry where the underbead shape has no sharp discontinuties. Oscillation of the welding torch head during the process is used to smooth out the weldbead shape and is especially adapted for use with gas metal-arc welding processes.

Abstract: The unbalance in rotating equilibrium of a rotating body is corrected by carrying out a padding welding on the rotating body.The correction of the unbalance is carried out, first, by determining a position and an amount to be padded on the rotating body on the basis of measurements on a bearing of the rotating unbalance and an unbalanced mass and then by carrying out the padding welding in a predetermined amount at a predetermined position while varying a relative position between the rotating body and the padding welding means.This enables a full automation of the unbalance correction of a rotating body.

Abstract: The welding of the body and of the ring with the distributor of a steam turbine diaphragm is carried out in four different areas holding an assembly, formed by two semi-diaphragms, in a substantially vertical position, at most tilted a few degrees off vertical, while four welding units operate simultaneously, two for each face of the assembly, providing for each assembly face to be suitably heated. Two supports are provided, one movable in respect to the other for positioning and handling of the assembly to be treated. Provision is made for vertically adjusting the assembly position with respect to a referring surface, so that the area on which each welding unit works is always on the same level, whatever the dimensions of the assembly to be welded. Provision is also made for heating and insulating both the assembly faces.

Abstract: An automatic fillet welding method for effecting the welding by rotating a welding electrode and thereby rotating an arc at a high speed. By rotating the arc with a predetermined rotation direction, rotation speed and rotation diameter, a weld metal is prevented from running downward thereby forming a bead having uniform leg lengths and an excellent depth of penetration.

Abstract: A method for assembling narrow gap members by welding is described. In the method, separate narrow gap members having spaces therein when assembled are provided and a deformation-preventive material consisting of a water-soluble material or a material capable of being disintegrated with water is filled in each space and is formed with a through groove or hole in the filled preventive material. In this state, the separate narrow gap members are subjected to welding, and immersed in water to remove the deformation-preventive material from each space. The through grooves may have a width larger than a leg length of each penetration bead, in which a heat-resistant flux is filled in each groove. The deformation-preventive material may be covered with a heat-resistant ceramic backing member shaped in a specific form or with a heat-resistant particle layer and a copper member shaped in conformity with an intended size and shape of a penetration bead.

Abstract: Process for arc fusion welding under atmospheric conditions of a base material which is a nitrogen alloyed steel, in which the bulk share of nitrogen in the steel is above its solubility limit under atmospheric conditions. The nitrogen released during the melting of the base material is confined to the melting bath formed during the welding.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for joining lead battery parts (e.g., plate lugs, intercell connectors, terminals, etc.) together via a low resistance electrical coupling wherein substantially oxide-free, arc-melted, superheated molten lead is cast into a cavity between the parts. The parts are shielded from the arc while being bathed in a non-oxidizing atmosphere which is preferably formed from an ionizable, non-oxidizing gas heated by the lead-melting arc and spewed onto the parts along with the molten lead to provide additional heat thereto.

Abstract: Flashing for a pipe is produced by joining a lead sheet having a hole in it for passing over the pipe, and a lead cylinder which is to surround the pipe and be bent into the top thereof. The joint is formed by producing mating flares on the lead sheet and cylinder and welding the two together. The weld is performed in the presence of an inert gas by drawing an arc between an electrode and the joint. The portion of the joint being welded is brought to a horizontal orientation by having the flares at a 45 degree angle and supporting the two parts on a rotating table inclined at 45 degrees.

Abstract: The method allows the sealing of metal tubes, particularly of stainless steel, for example, tubes for filling containers for gas at high pressure or evacuation tubes for vacuum vessels. It includes the steps of locally squashing the portion of the tube to be sealed with a pressure capable of achieving the sealed clamping of the tube, freeing part of the squashed portion of the tube, the remaining part being maintained under the clamping pressure, cutting the freed part of the squashed portion of the tube, welding the lips of the part which is still clamped, and finally removing the clamping pressure.

Abstract: A method of rapidly and inexpensively rebuilding strip mill guides which are formed of a copper material having some percentage of lead therein utilizes a copper welding rod having a diameter of one-quarter inch and a 600 ampere arc welding current. The method also includes reshaping a wear area that extends longitudinally of the strip mill guide.

Abstract: A gas shielding arrangement and method is disclosed for use with tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding and the like, consisting of an inner, primary flow of an inert gas such as argon, passing about the electrode and weld area, and an outer radially spaced secondary flow of hydrogen gas, completely enveloping the flow of inert gas and ignited by the welding arc to provide a flow of burning hydrogen gas which consumes the atmospheric oxygen penetrating into the flow to minimize oxidizing of the weld metal. The flow of hydrogen gas also minimizes dissipation of the inert gas to conserve and improve its shielding effect. The heat generated by the burning hydrogen heats the portions of the workpiece surrounding the weld to produce superior welds with improved grain structure by minimizing the quenching effect of the weld created by conduction of the weld heat into the surrounding metal.

Abstract: A method for joining individual pieces of material together includes the steps of heating the pieces to be welded together, at least one of which consists of a metal matrix with a relatively low melting point and a reinforcement material distributed therein, the reinforcement having a relatively high melting point. The other piece may be a similar metal matrix composite, or may be a metal or alloy which is to be joined to the first piece. The pieces are heated to a temperature which is above the melting points of the metals and below the melting point of the reinforcement. The pieces so heated are brought into contact with one another and then cooled to a temperature below the melting points of the metals. One technique for practicing the method of the invention is that of capacitor discharge welding.

Abstract: In welding of metals, spatter preventing effect can be enhanced by spreading on the metal surface a halogen-containing duodimensional polymer having a proper degree of affinity for metals and other materials, being thermoplastic and also having a restoring force and flame resistance as a pretreatment.

Abstract: A process for producing a camshaft with cams include the steps of forming a surface hardened layer in each of the cams by a remelting chilling treatment using high density energy (e.g., a TIG arc), characterized in that after the remelting chilling treatment, the camshaft is cooled by passing a cooling medium through a through hole formed longitudinally in the camshaft. As a result of the cooling, the neighboring untreated cam has a temperature of up to 250.degree. C. Elongation of the camshaft due to thermal expansion is so small that no melt-down end portion defects appear.

Abstract: A sheet metal welding process is described in which limited zones of contact of metal sheets (A, B) are heated locally by a power laser so as to cause fusion in the manner of spot or seam welds (P, C). Such spot or seam welds are achieved by deep penetration welding of juxtaposed metal sheets joined by a plurality of welding spots or seams, these may be spaced apart such that the sheet metal portions between the spots or seams can deform in an elastic-plastic manner under stress.

Abstract: A method and system for viewing objects obscurred by intense plasmas or flames (such as a welding arc) includes a pulsed light source to illuminate the object, the peak brightness of the light reflected from the object being greater than the brightness of the intense plasma or flame; an electronic image sensor for detecting a pulsed image of the illuminated object, the sensor being operated as a high-speed shutter; and electronic means for synchronizing the shutter operation with the pulsed light source.

Abstract: The gas metal arc welding process of the present invention extends the axial spray metal transfer range with a non rotating arc from 10 to 25 lbs/hr using an electrode wire diameter between 0.035 to 0.052 inches. The process is carried out by maintaining an electrode extension of between 3/4 to 11/4 inches with a three component shielding gas mixture consisting essentially of argon and oxygen in combination with carbon dioxide or carbon monoxide in a volume proportion of oxygen 1-2% carbon dioxide 8-15%, balance argon. The arc voltage is maintained in a range of between 29 and 40 volts.

Abstract: A welding gun of an arc welding machine is mounted for vertical reciprocal movement on a movable frame portion. The movable frame portion is connected to a stationary frame portion by piston cylinder assemblies which upon actuation raise and lower the movable frame portion into an out of position for locating the welding gun in position for welding together a pair of longitudinal sheet metal member edges positioned in a preselected relationship on the stationary frame portion. A pair of clamp plates are carried by the movable frame portion. When the movable frame portion is lowered the clamp plates are positioned oppositely of the pair of sheet member edges respectively to move into and out of clamping engagement with the sheet member edges. Once the sheet member edges are clamped in abutting relationship, the welding gun is advanced downwardly on the frame movable portion in a vertical linear path.

Abstract: A fire extingushing system for an electric welding apparatus is disclosed having a source of inert gas which can be activated by switches (27, 28) in a torch (20) which provides a two-step flow of gas through magnetic valves (40, 44). In the preferred embodiment, a low level flow of 3 to 5 liters is provided by activating one of the switches and a fire extinguishing and cleaning flow of 10 to 40 kiloliters is provided by activating the remaining switch. The operator of the system can extinguish a newly started fire and clean the welding tip without need to put the apparatus down and obtain other equipment for these purposes.

Abstract: This is a method for repairing low alloy steel steam turbine (both high pressure and low pressure sections) or generator rotors. The defective section of the original rotor is removed and a replacement end is used, with mating attachments machined on the replacement end and the original rotor. The inner portion of the weld joining the replacement end to the original rotor is provided by a narrow gap weld, either by gas metal or by submerged arc welding. The outer 1/2-2 inches of the weld is provided by gas tungsten arc welding. The mating attachment and at least the inside 1/4 inch of the weld is bored out to remove possible crack initiation sites and to provide a smooth inspectable bore. In this manner, a fast and reliable technique is provided which provides accurate alignment, fast, essentially distortion free welding, and the superior mechanical properties of gas tungsten arc welding in the outer, more highly stressed zones.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing special-section tubes having an oval cross section and a cross web for tubular heat exchangers by gradually profiling a metal strip and then joining the rims together substantially in the longitudinal direction of the tube.

Abstract: A method of affixing an aluminum rupture disc assembly to a 356 aluminum alloy heat-treated aluminum casting is disclosed wherein the rupture disc is of 1100 aluminum alloy, the disc is welded to a tubular member of 2219 aluminum alloy which in turn is fillet welded to the 356 aluminum alloy casting using a 4145 aluminum alloy rod. The disc is welded to the support member by an electro beam or TIG process while fillet welding of the support member to the 356 aluminum alloy casting is preferably accomplished by a TIG method. The procedure allows a rupture disc assembly to be mounted on a 356 aluminum alloy electronic housing unit which contains components cooled by a gaseous medium without adversely affecting the physical characteristics of the rupture disc, the support member therefor, or the cast housing.

Abstract: A building roof, having an optimum strength to weight ratio, and method of constructing the roof wherein a horizontally disposed roof deck assembly particularly adapted to provide diaphragm shear strength and shear stiffness is formed comprising: a sheet (12) of steel corrugated material, a sheet (14) of optional insulation material, and a sheet (16) of rigid substrate material mechanically fastened together by screws (18). The sheet (12) of corrugated material is welded to purlins (20) by elongated welds (40) formed to resist rotation of the corrugated sheet (12) in a horizontal plane. The screws (18) extend through the rigid substrate (16) and through rigids (11) on the upper side of the corrugated sheet (12) to form a truss-like structure extending generally parallel to the purlins (20). Weld washers 30 having elongated slots (35) are used to secure high tensile strength symmetrically corrugated steel (12) having a thickness in a range of 0.0144 inch to 0.

Abstract: A method of welding a pair of aluminum driveshaft components together is disclosed. A first driveshaft component is formed with a hollow cylindrical end portion having an inside diameter and a flat radially-extending end surface. A second driveshaft component is formed with a cylindrical end portion extending axially from a flat radially-extending shoulder. The end portion of the second driveshaft component has an outside diameter which is approximately equal to the inside diameter of the cylindrical end portion of the first component. The cylindrical end portion of the first component is telescopically positioned about a portion of the cylindrical end portion of the second component such that a predetermined distance defining a longitudinally-extending annular gap therebetween is maintained between the end surface of the first component and the shoulder of the second component. A welding compound is supplied within the gap to weld the first and second driveshaft components together.