Abstract: A coated electrode having a flux formulation that is a function of the diameter of the electrode wire. The electrode wire is made from a nickel-chromium-cobalt-molybdenum-aluminum alloy. The flux coating contains differing amounts of manganese, iron and columbium depending on the diameter of the core wire.

Abstract: A welded structure and a method for making same wherein a plurality of weld metals, such as martensitic steel and austenitic steel, differing in coefficient of thermal expansion from each other are deposited in a plurality of layers thicknesswise of the welded structure in a gap defined by structural members to be welded in such a manner that a layer of the weld metal of higher coefficient of thermal expansion is covered by a layer of the weld metal of lower coefficient of thermal expansion in a weld formed, to improve brittle fracture strength, fatigue strength and stress corrosion cracking resistance of the weld. By subjecting the welded structure to stress relief annealing treatment, it is possible to produce compressive stress on the surface of the layer of the weld metal of lower coefficient of thermal expansion.

Abstract: A wire of a normally nonforgeable composition, having improved resistance to fracture during working, handling and use is comprised of a portion with a rapidly quenched structure as a continuous stratum along its length. A preferred wire useful for fusion welding has a circular cross section with a microcrystalline surface portion of at least 30 volume percent of the wire. Other preferred wires have elliptical or rectangular cross sections with amorphous strata continuous along their lengths.

Abstract: A welding method for welding a base metal with a welding wire of specified alloy composition using a TIG welding process, automatically controlling an arc length between a nonconsumable electrode and the base metal, deflecting the arc forward in the welding advance direction by the influence of magnetic fields resulting from DC current flow through the welding wire to prevent arc blow, weaving the arc forward in the welding advance direction by pulsating the current flowing through the weld wire, and heat treating a final weld layer with the nonconsumable electrode.

Abstract: A welding wire comprising a hollow tubular portion of titanium metal and a core portion filling the tubular portion. The core portion is formed of compacted alloying powders selected from the group aluminum, molybdenum, niobium, tantalum and vanadium. The core portion may also include powdered titanium.

Abstract: A weld and process for making same and usable in the arc-welding of cupro-nickel (ASME P.34) parts particularly pipe ends using a flux-coated stick electrode, characterized in that an "open V" butt weld is employed with a root face having a mean width greater than 1/16 inch (1.5 mm) and not greater than 1/8 inch (3.2 mm) and a root gap from 2 to 3 mm. The process is further characterized in that the welding is carried out solely from the open side of the V without employing additional inert gas shielding, backing material or subsequent welding at the reverse face.

Abstract: Method for hard-facing substrates is disclosed using a hard facing material consisting essentially of at least one vanadium carbide. In a particular embodiment of the invention tungsten is present in the hard facing material in solid solution with vanadium carbide.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for welding wear-resisting hard metals directly to iron base members which are slide or wear members of machinery. Hard metals comprising a tungsten carbide and a binder consisting of 15 to 30% by weight of Ni and/or Co is employed as said hard metals. A Ni alloy metal containing no Cr is used as a filler metal.

Abstract: A range of weld metals is disclosed that is resistant to changes in nil-ductility transition temperatures (NDTT) caused by exposure to neutron fluences greater than 1.times.10.sup.17 neutrons per square centimeter. Designed for use in nuclear reactor pressure vessels, the weldment that exhibits this resistance to neutron-induced ductility decreases is characterized by the condition that an index is less than 0.4. That index is the ratio of the sum of the weight percentages of nickel and silicon in the metal to the sum of the weight percentages in the metal of manganese, chromium and molybdenum. This constraint on the index, when applied to a weld metal within the composition ranges given in this specification, gives a weldment resistant to neutron-induced property changes.

Abstract: Austenitic stainless steel alloys containing delta ferrite, such as are used as weld deposits, are protected against the transformation of delta ferrite to sigma phase during aging by the presence of carbon plus nitrogen in a weight percent 0.015-0.030 times the volume percent ferrite present in the alloy. The formation of chi phase upon aging is controlled by controlling the Mo content.

Abstract: Coated electrode which can produce a weld metal showing good impact toughness and good COD values. This coated electrode comprises a carbon steel and a coating composition comprising 2 to 12% calculated as TiO.sub.2 of a titanium oxide, 0.2 to 8% of at least one selected from the group consisting of Ti, Al and Mg, 0.2 to 2% calculated as B.sub.2 O.sub.3 of a boron oxide or boron oxide compound, 40 to 60% of at least one selected from the group consisting of CaCO.sub.3, MgCO.sub.3 and BaCO.sub.3, 15 to 30% of at least one selected from the group consisting of CaF.sub.2, MgF.sub.2 and AlF.sub.3, 1 to 4.8% Si, 3 to 9% Mn, the balance being a slag forming agent, an arc stabilizing agent and a binder.

Abstract: A consumable welding electrode, a method of electoslag welding using such an electrode, and an electroslag weld deposit produced by the use of the welding electrode and welding method of the invention. The welding electrode, while not restricted thereto, has particular utility for use in the electroslag welding of high tensile strength members formed of low alloy steels of the family of steels which includes American Society of Testing Materials designation ASTM A516-76. The welding electrode has a chemical composition in which the carbon content and contaminants have been reduced to the very minimum possible, resulting in greater impact strength of the electroslag weld deposit. The welding electrode includes constituents of manganese, silicon, nickel and iron.

Abstract: A method of electroslag welding for use in the electroslag welding of high tensile strength members formed of low alloy steels of the family of steels which includes American Society of Testing Materials designation ASTM A516-76. The welding electrode used in the method has a chemical composition in which the carbon content and contaminants have been reduced to the very minimum possible, resulting in greater impact strength of the electroslag weld deposit. The welding electrode includes constituents of manganese, silicon, nickel and iron. The nickel and manganese content of the electrode are so proportioned as to compensate for loss of tensile strength in the electroslag weld deposit which would otherwise be caused by the minimal carbon content of the welding electrode, this proportioning of the nickel and manganese content of the welding electrode also maximizing impact strength and ductility of the weld deposit.

Abstract: A mild steel flux-cored electrode is disclosed for use in arc welding mild and low alloy steels, which electrode complies with the specification of the American Welding Society (AWS A5.20-69) classification E70T-1. The electrode has an external diameter of 3/32" and includes a core that is contained within a mild steel sheath formed from a strip of approximately 0.012" in thickness and approximately 0.505" in width. The core constitutes approximately 45.0% of the weight of the electrode and includes as a major component iron powder having an apparent density of approximately 3 grams per cubic centimeter. The core also includes manganese and silicon in an approximate ratio of 3 to 1 respectively as in amounts: manganese 1.65% by weight and silicon 0.45% by weight.

Abstract: A class of age hardenable nickel base alloys for use as filler wires in fusion welding superalloys is described. The alloys contain manganese in levels of from about 0.5 to 3 percent to greatly reduce the incidence of heat-affected zone cracking in the metal being welded. The weld filler alloys also contain significant amounts of aluminum, titanium, tantalum, and columbium, and therefore the resultant welds can be age hardened to relatively high strength levels.

Abstract: Submerged arc welding process for 3.5% Ni steel which can provide a welded portion having a satisfactory impact resistance at low temperatures such as below minus 100.degree. C. In the process, use is made of a flux having a basicity as defined by a formula (CaO+MgO/SiO.sub.2) in weight percentages of between 1.5 and 3. The weld metal is deposited in a plurality of superimposed welded layers, each having a thickness less than 7 mm so that the weld metal in an underlying layer is thermally affected by an adjacent overlying layer whereby recrystallization is effected in substantial thickness of the underlying layer to provide a fine crystalline structure.

Abstract: A self-shielding, flux cored arc welding electrode for joining Ni-Cr-Fe alloys and overlaying dissimilar metals. The wire has a nickel-chromium containing alloy sheath and a flux core containing special proportions of carbonates, fluorides, metal oxides, and powdered metals. Sound welds can be prepared without the use of a supplemental inert shielding gas. Welded joints provide essentially the same properties as those of the Ni-Cr-Fe base alloy.

Abstract: A method of applying a hard facing of an iron or steel former (e.g. a roll of a rolling mill) in which a consumable electrode is melted on to the surface of the former by a submerged arc or gas shielding welding process and in which the former and the welding head are moved relative to one another to deposit a bead of weld metal on to the former. The consumable electrode is chosen to give a weld metal deposit comprising by weight, from 0.03% to 0.12% carbon, from 0.20% to 0.75% silicon, from 0.50% to 1.50% manganese, from 4.50% to 6.50% nickel, from 12.0% to 17.0% chromium, from 1.5% to 2.0% molybdenum, from 1.2% to 2.0% copper, from 0.2% to 0.9% niobium, up to 0.04% sulphur, up to 0.04% phosphorus and up to 0.06% nitrogen, the balance being iron and incidental impurities, the ratio of nickel and copper to the carbide forming elements being chosen to achieve a microstructure of between 3% and 10% delta-ferrite in the interdentritic regions thereof.

Abstract: In a method of arc welding under water or at superatmospheric pressure (or both) the weld is made in a chamber containing a gaseous atmosphere. The weld metal is deposited from flux-cored welding wire whose core contains strong deoxidant(s) such as aluminium, magnesium, titanium, zirconium, lithium and calcium. A shielding gas containing a selected proportion of oxygen or oxygen-containing gas but consisting mainly of an inert gas such as argon or helium is employed to surround the arc. The shielding gas is constituted by the atmosphere in the chamber.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a coated welding electrode containing at least 0.5% of Cr based on the total weight of the welding electrode and comprising a metal core and a coating flux composition. In this welding electrode, the content of Na and K components in the coating flux calculated as (Na.sub.2 O + K.sub.2 O) is reduced below 1% based on the total weight of the coating flux composition, whereby amounts of fumes generated at the welding step, especially the amount of toxic soluble Cr, are suppressed and minimized.

Abstract: An improved welding electrode for producing weld metal having low amounts of hydrogen therein so that hydrogen-assisted cracking in the weld zone is minimized. This is especially beneficial for welding high strength steels having tensile strengths of about 70,000 psi and above. The electrode has a filler wire core and a flux covering of predetermined constituents and low moisture levels such as below about 0.6 percent. The flux is bound together with a binder of hydrolyzed organic silicate (silica) which makes no substantial contribution to the moisture level of the covering and which also makes the covering resistant to hygroscopic moisture pickup before the electrode is used for welding. Thus, this binder minimizes the amount of hydrogen from any moisture in the covering which may be introduced into the weld metal during welding. Additionally, the flux covering contains a source of barium or cesium in an amount effective to reduce the slag/metal reaction temperature during welding.

Abstract: Methods of hard facing iron or steel articles by a submerged arc welding process are described. Specifically, an iron or steel rolling mill roll arbor is hard faced by rotating the arbor about its longitudinal axis and traversing a welding head parallel to said axis to deposit a spiral bead of weld metal on the arbor for subsequent heat treatment and machining. Different consumable electrodes and fluxes are chosen to deposit a desired hard facing on the arbor.

Abstract: An electrode for and method of welding cast iron and the like metals utilizing a 99% nickel rod in the presence of an alloying flux containing large amounts (30 to 60%) of iron plus manganese and carbon to yield a weld metal having the general composition: Nickel 60-85%, Iron 15-40%, Manganese 1.5-5%, Carbon 1-3% and Silicon 0.25-2%. The flux is preferably present as a rod coating and comprises from about 40% to about 60% of the weight of the composite coated rod. The coated rod can be used in any generally excepted welding technique including the use of alternating current, direct current straight polarity or direct current reverse polarity welding operations.

Abstract: A bare welding electrode of a diameter of at least 3.0 mm for use in a large current gas shielded arc welding process in which steel for low temperature use is welded by a welding current of at least 500 A in a shielding gas composed mainly of an inert gas such as Ar, He or the like. In one aspect the electrode comprises up to 0.12% C, up to 0.8% Si, up to 3.0% Mn up to 0.25% Ti, at least one member selected from the group consisting of up to 4.0% Ni, up to 0.8% Cr and up to 1.0% Mo and the carbon equivalent (Ceq), of said electrode being up to 0.60% which is represented by the formulaCeq = C + 1/6Mn + 1/24Si + 1/40Ni + 1/5Cr + 1/4 Mowherein each element denotes the content, % by weight of the element. In the second aspect the bare welding electrode comprises up to 0.12% C, up to 0.8% Si, up to 3.0% Mn, up to 0.19% Ti, 0.0005 to 0.015% B, at least one member selected from the group consisting of up to 4.0% Ni, up to 0.8% Cr and up to 1.0% Mo and which a carbon equivalent of up to 0.

Abstract: A process for the electric arc welding of cast iron, specifically malleable cast iron, is provided which comprises electrically applying to the cast iron to be welded, at welding temperatures, a welding material obtained by simultaneously melting a first and a second welding rod; the first welding rod containing, by weight, about 0.085 to about 0.095 percent carbon, about 0.0285 to about 0.0315 percent chromium, about 0.0095 to about 0.0105 percent nickel, about 0.0095 to about 0.0105 percent molybdenum, about 0.618 to about 0.672 percent manganese, about 0.01615 to about 0.01785 percent sulphur, about 0.01805 to about 0.01995 percent phosphorus, about 2.50 percent silicon, with the balance being iron plus incidental impurities, the first welding rod being provided with a low hydrogen fluxing material; the second welding rod containing, by weight, from about 1.40 to about 2.20 percent carbon, about 0.04 percent chromium, from about 0.60 to about 1.00 percent nickel, about 0.

Abstract: A process for the electric arc welding of cast iron, specifically white cast iron, is provided which comprises electrically applying to the cast iron to be welded, at welding temperatures, a welding material obtained by melting a welding rod containing, by weight, from about 2.30 to about 3.00 percent carbon, from about 0.03 to about 0.06 percent chromium, from about 0.01 to about 0.04 percent nickel, about 0.01 percent molybdenum, from about 0.82 to about 0.90 percent manganese, from about 0.023 to about 0.032 percent sulphur, from about 0.103 to about 0.115 percent phosphorus, about 2.64 percent silicon, with the balance being iron plus incidental impurities, with the welding rod having a low hydrogen flux.

Abstract: A process for the electric arc welding of cast iron, specifically white cast iron, is provided which comprises electrically applying to the cast iron to be welded, at welding temperatures, a welding material obtained by simultaneously melting a first and a second welding rod; the first welding rod containing, by weight, about 0.085 to about 0.095 percent carbon, about 0.0285 to about 0.0315 percent chromium, about 0.0095 to about 0.0105 percent nickel, about 0.0095 to about 0.0105 percent molybdenum, about 0.618 to about 0.672 percent manganese, about 0.01615 to about 0.01785 percent sulphur, about 0.01805 to about 0.01995 percent phosphorus, about 2.50 percent silicon, with the balance being iron plus incidental impurities, the first welding rod being provided with a low hydrogen fluxing material; the second welding rod containing, by weight, from about 2.35 to about 2.75 percent carbon, from about 0.01 to about 0.03 percent chromium, from about 0.20 to about 0.50 percent nickel, from about 0.08 to about 0.

Abstract: A process for the electric arc welding of cast iron, specifically ductile cast iron, is provided which comprises electrically applying to the cast iron to be welded, at welding temperatures, a welding material obtained by simultaneously melting a first and a second welding rod; the first welding rod containing, by weight, about 0.085 to about 0.095 percent carbon, about 0.0285 to about 0.0315 percent chromium, about 0.0095 to about 0.0105 percent nickel, about 0.0095 to about 0.0105 percent molybdenum, about 0.618 to about 0.672 percent manganese, about 0.01615 to about 0.01785 percent sulphur, about 0.01805 to about 0.01995 percent phosphorus, about 2.50 percent silicon, with the balance being iron plus incidental impurities, the first welding rod being provided with a low hydrogen fluxing material; the second welding rod containing, by weight, about 2.85 percent carbon, about 0.01 percent chromium, about 0.10 percent nickel, about 0.05 percent molybdenum, about 0.50 percent manganese, about 0.

Abstract: A process for the electric arc welding of cast iron, specifically gray cast iron, is provided which comprises electrically applying to the cast iron to be welded, at welding temperatures, a welding material obtained by simultaneously melting a first and a second welding rod; the first welding rod containing, by weight, about 0.085 to about 0.095 percent carbon, about 0.0285 to about 0.0315 percent chromium, about 0.0095 to about 0.0105 percent nickel, about 0.0095 to about 0.0105 percent molybdenum, about 0.618 to about 0.672 percent manganese, about 0.01615 to about 0.01785 percent sulphur, about 0.01805 to about 0.01995 phosphorus, about 2.50 percent silicon, with the balance being iron plus incidental impurities, the first welding rod being provided with a low hydrogen fluxing material; the second welding rod containing, by weight, from about 2.60 to about 2.85 percent carbon, about 0.01 percent chromium, from about 0.10 to about 0.30 percent nickel, from about 0.05 to about 0.

Abstract: The stress corrosion tendency of a welded pipe in service in a nuclear reactor water line is reduced by applying to the outside of the pipe a secondary weld bridging the primary weld of the joint beyond the axial extremities of the primary weld heat affected zone and particularly that part of the zone at the inner surface of the pipe.

Abstract: Nickel-chromium-silicon steel electrode for arc welding provides maraging stainless steel weld deposits having desirable strength, toughness and corrosion resistance in age-hardened condition. Electrode arc can be shielded with inert gas or with lime-cryolite-titania flux containing specially controlled proportions of manganese.

Abstract: In a method of multiple electrode gas shielded arc welding wherein a plurality of electrodes are arranged along the welding seam line of a piece of metal to be welded and continuous gas shielded arc welding of the piece is accomplished simultaneously by the electrodes, the chemical composition of the electrode wire of the electrode or electrode group for depositing a preceeding layer or layers is selected to differ from that of the electrode wire of another electrode or electrode group for depositing a subsequent layer or layers, whereby the chemical composition of the weld metal made by the preceeding welding operation is brought near to that of the weld metal made by the following welding operation and thus the uniform properties are ensured for welding metals at the respective positions in the weld zone.

Abstract: A fabricated electrode is disclosed in the form of an elongated or continuous metallic sheath, composed for example of cold-rolled mild steel, and containing specific components somewhat uniformly distributed along its length, and for use in shielded-arc welding. Specifically, the composite provides a stainless steel and includes: a major percentage of iron; a limited amount, however, at least about 09.00 percent by weight of alloying metal, e.g. chromium; from about 0.01 to about 0.08 percent by weight of carbon and further including titanium in an unconventionally large amount of at least about six times the percentage by weight of the carbon in the composite. Advantages are disclosed for the provision of the titanium in the form of ferrotitanium, and the chromium in the form of ferrochromium, a major portion of which has a small particle size. Also as disclosed, the composite further includes deoxidizing agents, e.g. manganese and silicon.

Abstract: A lay down arc welding electrode with improved weld penetration is described. The welding electrode includes a core wire surrounded by flux, a portion of which has been longitudinally removed or has been otherwise made thinner than the flux surrounding the remainder of the arc wire. The direction of arc is adjusted by varying the shapes of core wire and flux. During welding the arc welding electrode rests on a tack weld. This causes directional angle (.alpha.) to the root of the weld to increase and the divergence angle (.beta.) to decrease, resulting in improved penetration of disposed metal. An apparatus is described for continuous lay down arc welding using the described arc welding electrode.

Abstract: A method for producing a multi-layer metal strip comprising at least one strip of a high-speed steel alloy which in addition to iron and normal impurities contains 0.60-1.30 % C, 3.0-5.0 % Cr, 1.0-10 % Mo, 1.0-20 % W, up to 12 % Co and 0.5-4.0 % V, and which is cemented onto a carrier strip by electron-beam welding. In order to attain a good flow of the molten metal in the gap between the high-speed steel strip and the carrier strip 0.005-0.5 % Ce is added to the high-speed steel alloy. Ce can be added as a "misch metal" and may then contain the lanthanides normally present in misch metal. The multi-layer metal strip thus produced is used in the manufacture of hacksaws.

Abstract: Bulkwelding is disclosed in which a consummable electrically conductive electrode is fed to a weld zone, and electric current is caused to flow in the electrode thereby providing a magnetic field about the electrode, particles of magnetically responsive weld material are fed to the electrode which magnetically adhere to it, fluxing materials are fed to the weld zone, preferably in front and in back of the electrode and adhered weld particles, and the electrode with the particles of weld material magnetically adhered to it are fed through the flux to the weld zone where the electrode and particles are melted to form the weld. The rate of feeding the weld particles and the electrode are coordinated to provide any desired ratio of weld particles to electrode in the weld. Both methods and apparatus are disclosed.

Abstract: A fabricated electrode is disclosed in the form of an elongated or continuous metallic sheath, composed for example of cold-rolled mild steel, and containing specific components somewhat uniformly distributed along its length, and for use in shielded-arc welding. Specifically, the composite provides a stainless steel and includes: a major percentage of iron; a limited amount, however, at least about 09.00 percent by weight of alloying metal, e.g. chromium; from about 0.01 to about 0.08 percent by weight of carbon and further including titanium in an unconventionally large amount .[.of at least about six times the percentage by weight of the carbon in the composite.].. Advantages are disclosed for the provision of the titanium in the form of ferrotitanium, and the chromium in the form of ferrochromium, a major portion of which has a small particle size. Also as disclosed, the composite further includes deoxidizing agents, e.g. manganese and silicon.