Abstract: A control method and a control apparatus are provided. A main control circuit board in a controller receives an initial control command via a CAN bus from an ECU after being powered on, controls a fault detection circuit board to detect initial states of the controller and all devices connected to the controller based on the initial control command to obtain initial state information, transmits the initial state information to the ECU via the CAN bus, receives a first target control command via the CAN bus from the ECU, and controls a conduction control circuit board to turn on at least one MOS in a MOS array based on the first target control command to output a control signal to a heater connected to the controller to control the heater to operate, thereby realizing a closed-loop control on the heater and adjusting a power of the heater at any time.

Abstract: The present invention provides a canister mounted in a vehicle to reduce the discharge of fuel gas and, more particularly, a canister with a heater configured such that fuel gas adsorbed onto active carbon filled in the canister is more easily desorbed from the active carbon and introduced into an engine. The canister with the heater according to the present invention includes a canister housing including a tank port and a purge port, which are provided at the top thereof, and a plurality of inlet holes provided on one side thereof to introduce air; and a heater connected to the top of the plurality of inlet holes of the canister housing and including an air port provided at the top thereof, an open bottom, and a heater module provided therein.

Abstract: A preheating device for an internal combustion engine may include an inlet connection for connecting a distributor rail of a fuel injection system and an outlet connection for connecting a fuel injector of the fuel injection system. A preheating chamber may be fluidically connected with the inlet connection and the outlet connection and be flowable through by a fuel flow. At least one electrical heating element may be included for heating the fuel flow in the preheating chamber. At least one metallic heating body, which may be exposed to the fuel flow in the preheating chamber, may receive the at least one heating element.

Abstract: A heating module includes a housing with an opening, and a PTC ceramic heating element arranged in the housing having an inner face facing toward the opening, an outer face facing away from the opening and two end faces connecting the inner and outer faces, wherein the inner face is at least partially matched to the opening.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a ducting system comprises a feed duct for feeding air and exhaust gases to an internal combustion engine, a discharge duct for discharging the exhaust gases produced by the internal combustion engine from the internal combustion engine, in which one or more exhaust gas aftertreatment units are arranged for aftertreatment of the exhaust gases, and a heating device arranged in the feed duct. The heating device is configured to perform a heating process for preheating the air that is fed to the internal combustion engine. A duration of the heating process and/or heat output given off by the heating device is controlled as a function of a variable approximately representing a state of ageing of at least one of the one or more exhaust gas treatment units.

Abstract: The invention relates to a heating device comprising at least one tube housing in which at least one PTC heating element is arranged, and heat exchangers which are secured on the tube housing. According to the invention, it is provided that the heat exchangers are secured on the tube housing by stamping.

Abstract: The invention relates to a plastic vehicle tank for an aqueous urea solution used for reducing the hydrogen oxide content in exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine. In the preferred embodiment, the inventive tank comprises a functional unit comprising at least one pump, at least one pressure control valve, at least one internal container provided with an internal electrical heating and at least one suction line. The functional unit is preferably mounted in the form of a lid on the container opening for closing it.

Abstract: A heater-integrated canister unit may include a canister, a temperature controller integrally coupled with the canister to indirectly heat a charcoal inside the canister by increasing a temperature of a space in the canister, and an electronic control unit controlling the current supplied to the temperature controller. The temperature controller may be disposed at the opposite side of the evaporation gas intake port in the canister and support the charcoal or may be coupled to the outside of the canister by a seating slot formed in the canister. The temperature controller may include a heater plate transmitting the current by forming a positive electrode and a negative electrode, a connector supplying the current to the heater plate and a heater generating heat on the heater plate.

Abstract: Device for creating a temperature gradient, especially in gaseous media, comprising at least one ohmic resistor and at least two non-conducting insulators and at least one casing and at least one elastic element positioned between the non-conducting insulator and the casing.

Abstract: The invention concerns an electrical cartridge heater (1) with supply cable (7), wherein the cartridge heater (1) comprises a metal jacket (2), in which at least one electrical conductor (3) is arranged in an insulated fashion, which conductor is connected with a metal terminal pin (6) protruding from the jacket (2), wherein the supply cable (7) is exposed at an end region, is enclosed in the exposed region by a housing, wherein the housing encloses a contact bush (10) fixed at the free end of the supply cable (7), into which contact bush the terminal pin (6) can be inserted or is inserted, wherein finally the housing is connected or can be connected immediately detachably with the cartridge heater (1), which while keeping the advantage of the easy exchangeability of the cartridge heater without supply cable, secures a simplified manufacture, a safe assembly and a high tightness against environmental influences such as hydraulic oil, splash or surge water.

Abstract: Method for heating at least one component of an SCR system using several resistive heating elements, according to which these heating elements are fed in parallel by a current source and according to which a current sensor is placed in series with the current source and all the resistors, which are connected in parallel.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device having at least one PCT resistor and having at least one AC voltage source connected to the PTC resistor, with the PTC resistor being dimensioned such that the voltage drop over the PTC resistor does not exceed the value of 40 V/mm.

Abstract: The invention relates to a planar heat generating element for use on steering wheels of automotive vehicles and motorboats, and a problem of the invention is to adjust a temperature portion of a planar heat generating element which is attached to a steering wheel, so as to enhance the sensation of using the steering wheel by the user when he or she grips thereon.

Abstract: This electrical resistor structure which includes a frame (2) for receiving elements which form an electrical resistor (3) in the form of a serpentine resistive element, the folded ends of the branches of which are associated with elements (8, 9) for fixing to opposing cross-members (5, 6) of the frame, is characterised in that the fixing elements include elements which form spacing members (12) which are fixed to the cross-members of the frame and which are provided with projecting portions which are spaced-apart from each other and which together define zones for receiving, by clamping and with axial clearance, at least a part of the corresponding ends of the resistive element (3).

Abstract: Heating flange (1) for heating a flow of gas as it flows though a cross-section of flow (S), wherein the heating flange (1) is designed such that it can be inserted or interposed in an intake line (A) of an internal combustion engine and has at least one heat conductor (5) that extends through the cross-section of flow (S) from a mounting point (6a) to an immediately following further mounting point (6b) on the heating flange (1), as well as a retaining leg piece (2), which is provided with at least one of the mounting points (6a).

Abstract: A strap-like support includes means for removably affixing chemical heating elements to one side of the support and means for removably securing the ends of the support whereby the support can be removably attached to the fuel filter of a diesel engine. Alternatively, the strap-like support component is configured to wrap around a fuel line, fuel pipe, or other conduit. Alternatively, the heating device is devised of a sheet-like support component having means for removably affixing one or more chemical heating elements to one side of the support component and means for removably securing the edges of the support component to a surface whereby the component can be removably attached to the oil pan or fuel tank of an engine or with a self-contained, individual meal product of conventional manufacture. The heating device is temporarily attached to the meal product container to heat the food contents.

Abstract: The power supply device comprises first wiring that connects an alternator that is driven by the engine and a constant voltage electrical load that is driven at 12V, a heat accumulator that accumulates cooling heat and warming heat, a thermoelectric converter which generates power by using the heat that has accumulated in the heat accumulator and which supplies the generated power to the battery, second wiring that connects the battery and a variable voltage electrical load that is driven at 5V to 16V, for example, a relay which is provided on third wiring that connects the first wiring and second wiring and which interrupts the first wiring and second wiring, and a charge and discharge ECU which controls the thermoelectric converter on the basis of travel route information and so forth and which controls the relay on the basis of the operating state of the engine, the heat accumulation state of the heat accumulator, and the state of charge of the battery.

Abstract: A method for controlling and regulating an electrical heating of a probe situated in the exhaust system of an internal combustion engine, a total heating power of the probe being set, and an actual temperature value of the probe being determined by measuring a characteristic parameter, e.g., a resistance. To prevent overheating of the probe ceramics, and therefore over-compensation of aging effects when using such a method, a rated heating power is determined by way of a program map as a function of operating points of the internal combustion engine; a control heating power is determined from the actual temperature value and a new setpoint value in a controller; and the total heating power is formed as the sum of the rated heating power and the control heating power. Moreover, due to this procedure, the regulating reserve of the controller is retained in wide ranges of the operating points. A cost advantage is yielded, because a measuring resistor and an analog-to-digital converter can be omitted.

Abstract: A heating flange especially for the preheating of the intake air of an internal combustion engine with a frame (8), a supporting ceramic element (2) with a heating band (10) fitted thereto. The supporting ceramic element 2 is held in the frame at an inner side of the frame, and a support spring (1) is arranged between the supporting ceramic element (2) and the inner side of the frame. The support spring (1) is a leaf spring which is straight in the non-stressed state, and sits under an initial prestess between the supporting ceramic element (2) and the inner side of the frame. As a result of this configuration, low friction arises between the supporting ceramic element (2) and heating band (10), as well as leaf spring (1), which reduces failures due to vibratory loading, and a defined initial spring tension with a defined spring deflection is produced.

Abstract: A heating element for preheating intake air for an internal combustion engine and having a housing for attaching the heating element to an air intake line of the internal combustion engine. At least one heating strip (1), which runs in windings (1a), is held in the housing and is provided with electrical terminals (6) that lead from the housing to the outside. The heating strip (1) is held in the housing by a support (3) running between two housing walls, which runs, electrically insulated, through the windings (1a) of the heating strip (1).

Abstract: A heat exchanger for heating comprises a plurality of heat transfer plate members (34) arranged in parallel with each other at predetermined intervals; and connecting portions (35, 36) for integrally connecting the plurality of heat transfer plate members (34) to each other, wherein air passages (37) are formed between the plurality of heat transfer plate members (34), inner fluid passages (31) are formed in the heat transfer plate members (34), fluid, for heating air which passes in the air passages (37), flows in the inner fluid passages (31), and an electric heat generating film (40), for heating the air which passes in the air passages (37), is formed on surfaces of the plurality of heat transfer plate members (34).

Abstract: A vehicle or stationary liquid, water or oil tank heater teaches that a hot fluid may be passed through a metal body placed in the water piping or in the vacuum piping, thereby melting any ice in the system and preventing further freezing. The system may be advantageously used with manifolds, valves, scrubbers, pipes or the water tank itself. The coolant flow path may be optimized for ease of production and/or efficient heat transfer. The invention may be used with an external source of hot liquid, or it may be used with a cuff which may slipped over any of a variety of devices in need of de-icing.

Abstract: The invention relates to a heated steering wheel having a steering wheel rim with a heating device arranged on the steering wheel rim. A shell has two or more shell parts that each extend at least part of the way around the periphery of the steering wheel rim in radial cross-section. The shell parts are joined together by an adhesive intentionally applied only to mutually contacting surfaces of said shell parts. The invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a heated steering wheel.

Abstract: A fuel atomizing-injection apparatus for internal combustion engines is disclosed. This apparatus is installed between the injector of a fuel injection device and the suction manifold of an engine, and is used for promoting vaporization of fuel injected from the injector into the suction manifold, thus finally allowing the injected fuel to be more effectively and actively mixed with combustion air into mixed gas. The apparatus also improves the fuel combustion efficiency of the engine while achieving a conservation of fuel and increasing engine output power. The apparatus exhausts little harmful gases into the atmosphere, thus being unlikely to cause environmental pollution, such as air pollution. In the fuel atomizing-injection apparatus, a heater, having a heat dissipating spiral plate on its external surface, is installed between the injector and the suction manifold.

Abstract: An air intake heater for use in a motor vehicle has an engine with an engine block and an intake manifold defining an air passageway. The air intake heater includes a gasket having a conductor plate disposed between two non-conducting sealant layers, the conductor plate has at least one inner terminal adapted for positioning inside the air passageway and at least one outer terminal adapted for positioning outside the air passageway. A heating element is coupled to the gasket and adapted to be disposed within the air passageway, wherein the inner terminal is electrically coupled to the heating element and the outer terminal is electrically coupled to a power source.

Abstract: A heater for heating air in an intake passage of an internal combustion engine. The heater includes a heating element coupled to a first holder and a second holder. The heating element has a preselected resistance corresponding to plurality apertures formed therethrough. A second embodiment includes a heating element positioned within a housing. The heating element includes a plurality of selectively removable slugs. After removal of one or more of the slugs, the electrical resistance of the heating element increases.

Abstract: A modular intake heater for an internal combustion engine. The heater includes a first holder, a second holder, a heating element positioned between the first and second holders, and a retainer mechanism coupling the first holder to the second holder to retain the heating element therebetween. In alternative embodiments of the invention the retainer mechanism includes a clip mechanism and a grommet lockingly engaging a bolt disposed within passages defined by the first and second holders.

Abstract: A modular intake heater is provided for an internal combustion engine. The heater includes a first heater subassembly, a second heater subassembly, an access panel coupled to an intake, and a retainer mechanism coupling the first heater subassembly and the second heater subassembly to the access panel.

Abstract: An air intake for an internal combustion and a heater for use in the air intake includes a mounting flange, a frame coupled to the mounting flange and having a pair of opposed upright walls each defining an upstream face and a downstream face relative to a direction of airflow, a heating element assembly, and coupling means located on or between the upstream and downstream faces for connecting the heating element assembly to the frame and limiting movement of the heating element assembly relative to the frame.

Abstract: A heater for an internal combustion engine includes a first holder, a second holder and a heating element positioned between the first and second holders. The heater further includes a frame defining a channel. The frame includes a plurality of prongs extending inwardly toward the channel that retain the holders in a first direction relative to the frame.

Abstract: A modular intake heater for an internal combustion engine. The heater includes a first holder, a second holder, a heating element coupled to the first holder, biasing means for urging one of said first holder and said second holder away from the other of said first holder and said second holder, and a retainer mechanism coupling the first holder to the second holder against the urging of the biasing means.

Abstract: A control device for a heater for an air fuel ratio sensor attached close to a sensor element of an air fuel ratio sensor located in an intake passage of an intake passage.The control device comprises an ambient temperature related parameter detecting means for detecting a parameter related an ambient temperature of the air fuel ratio sensor, an intake air amount related parameter detecting means for detecting a parameter related amount of fresh intake air introduced into intake passage, and supply power controlling means for controlling supply power based on a parameter detected by an ambient temperature related parameter detecting means and a parameter detected by an intake air amount related parameter detecting means.

Abstract: A PCV heater including a plug and a heat sink coupled to the plug. The plug and the heat sink define a gas flow path having a first end and a second end. The second end of the gas flow path defines a discharge port and the heat sink is proximate to the discharge port. The heater also includes a heating element coupled to the plug and electrically connectable to a power source. The heating element thermally engages the heat sink to communicate heat from the heating element to the heat sink when the heating element is electrically connected to the power source. A method for manufacturing the PCV heater includes the steps of placing a heat sink into a mold cavity, coupling a heating element to the heat sink, electrically connecting a first lead wire and a second lead wire to the heating element, and providing a high temperature plastic to the mold cavity to overmold the heat sink and the heating element.

Abstract: This diesel particulate filter comprises of a composite filter plate composed of thin filter plates formed out of ceramic fiber, and a latticed heating wire, and metal nets. The composite filter plate is bent into a bellows-like structure so as to increase a cross-sectional area of an exhaust gas passage. The latticed heating wire is formed to a current self-controlling type heating wire out of a material containing Ni as a main component the resistance value of which increases as the temperature rises. The particulates collected by the thin filter plates are burnt by supplying an electric current to the latticed heating wire. When a high-temperature region occurs on the thin filter plates, the level of an electric current flowing to the portion of the latticed heating wire which corresponds to the same region is reduced. Consequently, all the regions of the thin filter plates are heated at a uniform temperature, and the melting and breakage of the thin filter plates do not occur.

Abstract: An electric power supply for a heater includes a heater, a battery electrically connected with the heater, a booster circuit electrically connected with the battery, a condenser disposed between the heater and the booster circuit and control element which controls a charge and a discharge of the condenser.

Abstract: An air intake heating and diagnostic system for an internal combustion engine includes a microprocessor based controller for activating electrical heating elements for a preheat time period prior to starting the engine and for a postheat time period after starting the engine. The controller receives inputs corresponding to intake manifold air temperature, battery temperature, vehicle speed, engine speed, and key switch position. The system continuously monitors the integrity of the various sensors, monitors the functionality of the heating elements during the postheat time period, and warns the vehicle operator by illuminating a "check engine" lamp if certain fault conditions are detected. In both cases, the controller sets fault flags within the controller memory corresponding to the detected fault conditions.

Abstract: A heater assembly for electrically heating fuel subsequent to its being sprayed from a fuel injector has a body that receives an end portion of the fuel injector and a heating structure. The heating structure includes a heat sink formed from an electrically and thermally conductive metal or metal alloy having an opening formed therein for receiving fuel sprayed from the nozzle of the fuel injector, one or more integrally formed flats on an exterior surface of the heat sink, and one or more substantially flat heating elements mounted in heat conducting relation to the flats. The substantially flat heating elements may be formed from Positive Temperature Coefficient material. An electric supply is provided for powering the one or more heating elements and a control device is provided for regulating the power supplied from the electric supply.

Abstract: An electrical system for supplying power to an electrical resistive heater that heats the catalyst of a catalytic converter. The electrical system includes an alternating current generator that has an output winding and a field winding that is carried by the rotor of the generator. The rotor is driven by an engine on a motor vehicle. The motor vehicle loads, including a storage battery are supplied with current by a first bridge rectifier that is connected to the output winding of the generator. The resistive catalyst heater is supplied with current by a circuit that includes a step-up transformer connected between the output winding of the generator and a second bridge rectifier that feeds the heater. The system can be operated in a high power mode for supplying a higher level of power to the heater.

Abstract: A device for heating flowing liquid or gaseous media has a heating element including a PTC resistor arranged between a pair of perforated metallic bodies serving as power supply terminals for the resistor. The heating element is positioned inside a tubular housing defining a flow path for the medium to be heated and made of two mating housing parts, with the heating element extending across the flow path for flow of the medium through the perforations of the metallic bodies to transfer heat to the medium. A bracket on each metallic body fastens the heating element to the housing and is electrically connected to a contact on one end of a power supply cable molded as an integral part of one of the housing parts and terminating at its other end in an electrical plug outlet on the housing part connectable to a battery or electrical network.

Abstract: A preheat device for preheating an internal combustion aircraft engine having an air intake pipe connected to a cylinder head by threaded mounting bolts is configured as a replacement bolt with a zinc - plated body having a bolt head and threaded shank. The body is made of steel heat treated to grade 8 hardness and tempered at apprximately 1,050 degrees F. and had an axial bore open at the head and extending toward and into the shank. An electric heating element surrounded by a stainless steel sheath is positioned in the bore. The shank has a thread with a flat root to provide a wall thickness approximately 0.060 inch. Each cylinder of the engine is provided with a preheat device in place of a mounting bolt and the preheat devices are connected to each other by a wiring harness connectable to an external power source. When energized the heating element of each preheat device generates heat that in transferred through the screw threads to the cylinder head of the engine cylinder.

Abstract: Conductive polymer compositions based on polyvinylidene fluoride have improved properties when the polyvinylidene fluoride has a very regular structure which can be characterized by a low head-to-head content in the repeating units. The improved properties include electrical stability when contacted by organic fluids and/or when maintained at elevated temperatures in air. Such compositions which exhibit PTC behavior are particularly useful in the form of self-limiting heaters which are immersed in organic fluds, especially flexible strip heaters for heating diesel fuel before it passes through a fuel filter.

Abstract: A device is described for electrically pre-heating the intake air or the intake mixture of an internal combustion engine having at least on intake pipe. So that low-loss pre-heating, without considerable impairment of flow in the intake pipe, can also be realized in such zones in which the intake pipe has a geometrically irregular shape. It is proposed to perform the pre-heating via a layer of high electrical resistance applied to the inner surface of the intake pipe.

Abstract: A dialysis system and method is based upon a comparison of the value of a parameter being measured of the dialysis liquid after the dialyzer with a set value of the corresponding parameter being controlled before the dialyzer. Based upon this comparison, a measure of the dialysis performed is obtained, and with the assistance of this measured value, as well as the knowledge of other factors, for example, adjusted values relevant for the analysis, conditions of the patient's blood can be determined theoretically and thereby controlled.

Abstract: Conductive polymer compositions based on polyvinylidene fluoride have improved properties when the polyvinylidene fluoride has a very regular structure which can be characterized by a low head-to-head content in the repeating units. The improved properties include electrical stability when contacted by organic fluids and/or when maintained at elevated temperatures in air. Such compositions which exhibit PTC behavior are particularly useful in the form of self-limiting heaters which are immersed in organic fluids, especially flexible strip heaters for heating diesel fuel before it passes through a fuel filter.

Abstract: A fuel heating device comprises an electroconductive inner tube which forms a passageway for fuel to be heated. A heater having a positive coefficient of resistance (PTC) is fixed to the side of the outside surface of this electroconductive inner tube, a resilient electrode contacts this heater from the side of its outside surface, and a first electrically and thermally insulating outer tube is provided around the entire periphery of the aforementioned electroconductive inner tube to cover the aforesaid heater completely for holding the electrode compressed to the heater. A second electrically and thermally insulating outer tube is provided around the entire periphery of the first tube, said second tube including means for mounting the device for use.

Abstract: A heating device for mounting on an air inlet manifold of a compression ignition engine to heat the air flowing to the engine comprises a thin walled tubular element closed at one end and having a fuel inlet at the other end. A ceramic plug is located in the element to direct fuel flow against the interior surface of the element. A heating element is wound about the tubular element to heat and vaporize the fuel which flows out through an opening adjacent the one end. The fuel vapor forms an air/fuel mixture which is ignited by an ignition element.

Abstract: An electric heater assemblage for attachment to the air intake opening of a fuel vapor recovery canister of the type containing material adapted to alternately adsorb and store, or release fuel vapor. The assemblage includes a wafer of electric resistance heating material, and electrical connections for effecting energization of the wafer. The wafer has opposite expansive surfaces, and there is a first wall located at one side of the wafer and having an expansive surface coextensive with one wafer surface, and a second wall located at the opposite side of the wafer and having an expansive surface coextensive with the other wafer surface. The first wall and wafer thus define a first chamber, and the second wall and wafer define a second chamber in communication with the first chamber at the periphery of the wafer.

Abstract: A heater for a fuel supply system including a carburetor and a manifold for an internal combustion engine, the heater including an electrically inert core and at least one PTC disposed within a cavity in the core, the PTC heater being disposed upon an electrically conductive stratum such as copper sheet and a graphite stratum disposed next adjacent the conductive stratum, the graphite stratum acting as a compressible heat transmitting gasket between the fuel heater and the carburetor whereby to heat the fuel and prevent icing.

Abstract: A throttle valve pipe is proposed, which is used for fuel mixture formation for mixture-compressing internal combustion engines with externally supplied ignition. The throttle valve pipe includes an intake conduit and a throttle valve is disposed therein and to control fuel flow. From upstream of the throttle valve fuel can be ejected by an injection valve in the direction toward the throttle valve. The throttle valve is made of ceramic and on its surface which faces the injection valve this valve is provided with an electric heating resistor film. In the pivoting region of the throttle valve, a liner of ceramic is inserted into the intake conduit and the additionally liner surface which forms part of the intake conduit is provided with an electric heating resistor film.

Abstract: In an apparatus for heating intake air arranged in an intake air passage, a heater member of ceramic material having apertures for passing air therethrough is supported between upper and lower frame members. Metal plate members, such as silver plate members, are inserted between the end portions of the heater member and the electrode lead members which connect the heater member with terminal bolts of the heating apparatus.