Abstract: A vaporizer assembly for an e-vaping device includes a heater coil structure, a set of electrical lead structures coupled to opposite ends of the heater coil structure, and a non-conductive connector structure connected to each of the electrical lead structures, such that the electrical lead structures are coupled together independently of the heater coil structure. The vaporizer assembly may contact a dispensing interface structure through the heater coil structure. The vaporizer assembly may heat pre-vapor formulation drawn from a reservoir by the dispensing interface. The heater coil structure may define a surface, and the vaporizer assembly may apply a mechanical force to the dispensing interface structure, such that the heater coil structure is in compression with the dispensing interface structure and the heater coil structure surface is substantially flush with a surface of the dispensing interface structure. The heater coil structure may define a three-dimensional surface.

Abstract: Methods and devices for imaging wells using phased array ultrasound imaging devices is described. The devices enable high resolution real-time imaging of a well during various operations in the well, including during completions, fracturing, milling, fishing and drilling operations. The phased array ultrasound imaging devices may be integrated with other well tools, such as a bottom hole assembly (BHA), fishing tools, milling tools, fracturing tools, and drilling tools, in order to integrate imaging capabilities into such tools.

Abstract: A vaporizer assembly for an e-vaping device includes a heater coil structure, a set of electrical lead structures coupled to opposite ends of the heater coil structure, and a non-conductive connector structure connected to each of the electrical lead structures, such that the electrical lead structures are coupled together independently of the heater coil structure. The vaporizer assembly may contact a dispensing interface structure through the heater coil structure. The vaporizer assembly may heat pre-vapor formulation drawn from a reservoir by the dispensing interface. The heater coil structure may define a surface, and the vaporizer assembly may apply a mechanical force to the dispensing interface structure, such that the heater coil structure is in compression with the dispensing interface structure and the heater coil structure surface is substantially flush with a surface of the dispensing interface structure. The heater coil structure may define a three-dimensional surface.

Abstract: A vehicle heater (10) comprises a main body (12) carrying a non-intrinsically safe heat conductor layer (14), and a temperature monitoring device (16, 18, 20, 44) assigned to the heat conductor layer (14). The temperature monitoring device (16, 18, 20, 44) is designed to distinguish and to report at least the three following states: normal operation, reversible malfunction and irreversible malfunction. Moreover, a method for monitoring a vehicle heater (10) is suggested in which the following states are distinguished and reported: normal operation, reversible malfunction and irreversible malfunction.

Abstract: An air and/or aerosol heater (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150), especially for an e-cigarette, includes a tube (11, 21, 31, 34, 35, 41, 51, 61, 71, 81, 91, 101, 111, 121, 131, 141, 151), in which air and/or aerosol can be heated, and includes a resistor element (12, 22, 32, 42, 52, 62, 72, 82, 92, 102, 112, 122, 132, 142, 152) arranged on the outer surface of the tube (11, 21, 31, 34, 35, 41, 51, 61, 71, 81, 91, 101, 111, 121, 131, 141, 151) or on the inner surface of the tube (11, 21, 31, 34, 35, 41, 51, 61, 71, 81, 91, 101, 111, 121, 131, 141, 151). The resistor element (12, 22, 32, 42, 52, 62, 72, 82, 92, 102, 112, 132, 142, 152) is fixed on the tube (11, 21, 31, 34, 35, 41, 51, 61, 71, 81, 91, 101, 111, 121, 131, 141, 151).

Abstract: A vaporizer assembly for an e-vaping device includes a heater coil structure, a set of electrical lead structures coupled to opposite ends of the heater coil structure, and a non-conductive connector structure connected to each of the electrical lead structures, such that the electrical lead structures are coupled together independently of the heater coil structure. The vaporizer assembly may contact a dispensing interface structure through the heater coil structure. The vaporizer assembly may heat pre-vapor formulation drawn from a reservoir by the dispensing interface. The heater coil structure may define a surface, and the vaporizer assembly may apply a mechanical force to the dispensing interface structure, such that the heater coil structure is in compression with the dispensing interface structure and the heater coil structure surface is substantially flush with a surface of the dispensing interface structure. The heater coil structure may define a three-dimensional surface.

Abstract: The invention provides a method and a device for heating an electronic component and an electronic apparatus using the method/device. A heater is disposed at the electronic component. The heating method includes following steps: driving the heater according to a duty ratio by using electrical energy of a power module. If the output voltage of the power module is greater than a first threshold, set the duty ratio as a first ratio. If the output voltage of the power module is less than a second threshold, set the duty ratio as a second ratio. If the output voltage of the power module is between the first threshold and the second threshold, adjust the duty ratio so that the difference between the output voltage of the power module and the second threshold is positively proportional to the duty ratio.

Abstract: A system and a method of ascertaining and managing the properties of a circulating wellbore fluid is utilized, among other things, to achieve greater well control, reduce drilling and work-over expense, prevent reservoir damage and prevent personnel injuries which may result from extremely hot wellbore fluids. The system utilizes a network of sensors which detect fluid properties at various locations in the system, inputs the detected properties into a digital processor, and utilizes the processor to generate solutions for adjusting system components to realize a desired temperature and pressure profile for the fluid system.

Abstract: A heater-integrated canister unit may include a canister, a temperature controller integrally coupled with the canister to indirectly heat a charcoal inside the canister by increasing a temperature of a space in the canister, and an electronic control unit controlling the current supplied to the temperature controller. The temperature controller may be disposed at the opposite side of the evaporation gas intake port in the canister and support the charcoal or may be coupled to the outside of the canister by a seating slot formed in the canister. The temperature controller may include a heater plate transmitting the current by forming a positive electrode and a negative electrode, a connector supplying the current to the heater plate and a heater generating heat on the heater plate.

Abstract: The invention relates to a planar heat generating element for use on steering wheels of automotive vehicles and motorboats, and a problem of the invention is to adjust a temperature portion of a planar heat generating element which is attached to a steering wheel, so as to enhance the sensation of using the steering wheel by the user when he or she grips thereon.

Abstract: The invention relates to constructing a heating mat that employs electrical resistance foils to provide a uniform heat. In embodiments of the invention applicable for providing heat to individuals, the mat provides this uniform heat at a comfortable temperature. The heating mat structure comprises protective layers surrounding the heating element to provide a durable structure that is suitable for industrial and commercial use.

Abstract: A strap-like support includes means for removably affixing chemical heating elements to one side of the support and means for removably securing the ends of the support whereby the support can be removably attached to the fuel filter of a diesel engine. Alternatively, the strap-like support component is configured to wrap around a fuel line, fuel pipe, or other conduit. Alternatively, the heating device is devised of a sheet-like support component having means for removably affixing one or more chemical heating elements to one side of the support component and means for removably securing the edges of the support component to a surface whereby the component can be removably attached to the oil pan or fuel tank of an engine or with a self-contained, individual meal product of conventional manufacture. The heating device is temporarily attached to the meal product container to heat the food contents.

Abstract: An electric heating device especially for fluids, such as liquid fuel, includes a heat element with an electrical resistance. The heat element can be connected to an electrical power source and also includes a carrier element to which en electrically conductive heat layer of a PTC material with positive temperature resistance co-efficient is applied. The heat layer can, at least in two interspaced positions, be connected to the electrical power source.

Abstract: A heating element for preheating intake air for an internal combustion engine and having a housing for attaching the heating element to an air intake line of the internal combustion engine. At least one heating strip (1), which runs in windings (1a), is held in the housing and is provided with electrical terminals (6) that lead from the housing to the outside. The heating strip (1) is held in the housing by a support (3) running between two housing walls, which runs, electrically insulated, through the windings (1a) of the heating strip (1).

Abstract: A heating system for a vehicle includes a heater (12) with a first electric heating device (24), which can be operated to ignite an air/fuel mixture present in a combustion chamber (16), and with a second electric heating device (22) for supporting the evaporation of the fuel. An actuating device (26) is provided for putting the heater (12) into operation after a start command has been generated. A first start command generating device (30, 36, 26) can be actuated by a user to generate a start command and a second start command generating device (32, 38, 26) generates a start command according to an operating program. The actuating device (26) operates the second heating device (22) at a lower heat output after a start command has been generated by means of the second start command generating device (32,38, 26).

Abstract: A heating system for warming and drying the grip of a golf club includes an electric heating element and a first electrical connector for the grip, and a second electrical connector and a power supply for the golf bag. The first electrical connector and the second electrical connector electrically engage when the golf club is inserted into the golf bag, thereby energizing the electric heating element.

Abstract: A fuel atomizing-injection apparatus for internal combustion engines is disclosed. This apparatus is installed between the injector of a fuel injection device and the suction manifold of an engine, and is used for promoting vaporization of fuel injected from the injector into the suction manifold, thus finally allowing the injected fuel to be more effectively and actively mixed with combustion air into mixed gas. The apparatus also improves the fuel combustion efficiency of the engine while achieving a conservation of fuel and increasing engine output power. The apparatus exhausts little harmful gases into the atmosphere, thus being unlikely to cause environmental pollution, such as air pollution. In the fuel atomizing-injection apparatus, a heater, having a heat dissipating spiral plate on its external surface, is installed between the injector and the suction manifold.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for controlling the energization of a plurality of sensors used for detecting the air-fuel ratio in an internal combustion engine. The engine has an exhaust passage, and the air-fuel ratio sensors are provided in the exhaust passage. Each sensor includes an element for outputting a signal corresponding an oxygen concentration of the exhaust gas from the engine and a heater for heating the element. The element is activated at a predetermined temperature. A Central Processing Unit (CPU) controls the energizing the heaters. The CPU starts energizing each heater at different time. Alternatively, the CPU inputs duty signals having different phases to the heaters. As a result, the total current load from the heaters is lowered.

Abstract: A carburetor anti-icing apparatus and method for a marine drive is provided for heating a carburetor to a temperature above that at which ice may form in the idle and progression circuits of the carburetor. Several heaters, heat sources, and methods are disclosed for heating the carburetor. In one embodiment an electrical heating element is mounted to the carburetor body near the fuel orifices which make up the idle and progression circuits. In another embodiment, engine cooling water is circulated through a heater housing mounted to the carburetor body. In yet a further embodiment, engine exhaust from the marine drive is conveyed through the heater housing mounted to the carburetor body. A thermally conductive gasket is used to improve heat transfer. The carburetor anti-icing apparatus and method also improves low speed running performance due to the improved fuel vaporization resulting from the increased temperature in the progression circuit.

Abstract: A heater control system for an air-fuel ratio sensor is shown to prevent the sensor from being cooled during an extended idling operation after high-load running. An oxygen concentration detecting element of an air-fuel ratio sensor is heated by a heater installed in the sensor, and its temperature is controlled to about 650.degree. C. When a radiator cooling fan functions during idling or low-speed running after high-load running, a controller detects the functioning of the fan and increases an electric power supplied to the heater. A heater resistance detector detects a resistance of the heater. A storage device stores the detected heater resistance when it is determined that a temperature of the heater is stable based on an engine operating condition. Electric power supplied to the heater is increased in accordance with the difference between the detected resistance of the heater and the stored resistance.

Abstract: A carburetor anti-icing apparatus and method for a marine drive is provided for heating a carburetor to a temperature above that at which ice may form in the idle and progression circuits of the carburetor. Several heaters, heat sources, and methods are disclosed for heating the carburetor. In one embodiment an electrical heating element is mounted to the carburetor body near the fuel orifices which make up the idle and progression circuits. In another embodiment, engine cooling water is circulated through a heater housing mounted to the carburetor body. In yet a further embodiment, engine exhaust from the marine drive is conveyed through the heater housing mounted to the carburetor body. A thermally conductive gasket is used to improve heat transfer. The carburetor anti-icing apparatus and method also improves low speed running performance due to the improved fuel vaporization resulting from the increased temperature in the progression circuit.

Abstract: A heating device for heating an item such as a carburetor uses a first PTC heating element 12 positioned compactly within a housing 10 which is directly adjacent the item to be heated. A Second PTC element 14 having a great electrical resistance increase at a prescribed temperature level is also compactly contained in the housing and is electrically connected in series to the first PTC element 12. This second PTC element 14 restricts the electric current flow through the device when the ambient temperature exceeds the prescribed temperature level.

Abstract: A heating device for mounting on an air inlet manifold of a compression ignition engine to heat the air flowing to the engine comprises a thin walled tubular element closed at one end and having a fuel inlet at the other end. A ceramic plug is located in the element to direct fuel flow against the interior surface of the element. A heating element is wound about the tubular element to heat and vaporize the fuel which flows out through an opening adjacent the one end. The fuel vapor forms an air/fuel mixture which is ignited by an ignition element.

Abstract: An automotive pre-heater is set forth for use in cold climates for warming the interior and selective portions of an automobile prior to starting and operation. A compact housing secured by conventional bracketry to the interior of an automobile is provided. Fan means operated by a programmable timing element provide warmth to the interior of an automobile. Optional heating outlets are provided to further enable pre-warming of selected automobile portions such as the carburetor, battery, and engine block. A windshield defrosting conduit is provided to enable windshield defrosting. The pre-heater is powered electrically from a power source external of the automobile.

Abstract: An in-line diesel fuel heater including a hollow elongated housing in heat conduction relationship with an electric resistance heater heats diesel fuel flowing through the housing to a temperature above the cloud point of the fuel. The hollow housing contains fins or fibers to create fluid turbulence to increase heat exchange between the fluid and the housing. An analog control circuit uses a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) thermistor to regulate the temperature of the housing at a constant temperature instead of controlling the power based on a measurement of the diesel fuel's temperature.

Abstract: A heater for a fuel supply system including a carburetor and a manifold for an internal combustion engine, the heater including an electrically inert core and at least one PTC disposed within a cavity in the core, the PTC heater being disposed upon an electrically conductive stratum such as copper sheet and a graphite stratum disposed next adjacent the conductive stratum, the graphite stratum acting as a compressible heat transmitting gasket between the fuel heater and the carburetor whereby to heat the fuel and prevent icing.

Abstract: A heating device for heating air-fuel mixture to be fed to an internal combustion engine has a PTC heat generator having a flat ring-like form with a portion of the inner peripheral surface thereof directly exposed to the passage for the mixture. The heating device also has a heat radiating member having an inner peripheral heat radiating surface confronting the mixture passage and jointed to the PTC heat generator in heat conducting relation therewith.

Abstract: A temperature compensation injector control system as used in an electronic fuel injection system for motor vehicles utilizes the value of the voltage levels across the coil (18) to determine the coil's (18) temperature. A multiplexer (20) responds to the value of the source of power (14) and the voltage drop across the coil (18) created by a small leakage current to generate digital signals to a microprocessor (10) for modifying injector control signals.

Abstract: A control circuit for controlling a bimetal actuated choke valve adapted to be driven by a heater energized by electric power whose duty ratio is changed in response to ambient temperature. The control circuit is integrally formed by a hybrid integrated circuit, wherein the characteristics of the duty ratio with respect to the ambient temperature are adjusted by at least one resistance provided externally of the hybrid integrated circuit.

Abstract: A fuel supply system for an internal combustion engine has an electrical resistance heater accommodated in a chamber in gasket means which space a throttle body flange from a mating flange on an intake manifold of the engine for transferring heat to the throttle body flange to avoid freeze up in the throttle body during furnishing of an air-fuel mixture to the engine.

Abstract: A fuel system for an internal combustion engine has an electrical resistance heater accommodated in low profile gasket means at a location between a throttle body mounting flange and a mating intake manifold flange for heating the throttle body. The gasket means comprises a relatively rigid electrically insulating spacer forming a chamber, a heat-transfer member and a terminal secured to opposite sides of a heater for mounting and making electrical connection to the heater which is accommodated in the spacer chamber, and relatively thin outer layers of more compressible gasket material for sealingly engaging the throttle body and mating manifold flange means respectively.

Abstract: A fuel system for an internal combustion engine has an electrical resistance heater accommodated in gasket means disposed between a throttle body flange and a mating flange on an intake manifold so that the heater is located immediately adjacent an idling speed fuel inlet nozzle or the like in the throttle body for transferring heat to the nozzle area through the throttle body flange to prevent freeze-up of the nozzle during engine operation.

Abstract: A fuel evaporator for an internal combustion engine, which is provided with a ceramic heater, is disclosed. The fuel evaporator comprises a plurality of layered thin PTC ceramic plates, each of which has a plurality of open holes, electrodes which are provided on an upper surface, an under surface and between adjacent ceramic plates, and an insulator for securing the outer periphery of the layered PTC ceramic plates to the wall defining an air-fuel passage of an engine. The ceramic plates are electrically connected to one another in parallel so that each ceramic plate is rapidly heated by consuming only a small amount of electric power.

Abstract: The present invention proposes an intake heating device of an internal combustion engine. The intake heating device has a hollow heater vessel comprising an inner pipe and an outer pipe between which an enclosed area is defined. For heating the inner pipe, a plurality of PTC elements are disposed in said enclosed area. The protection of the PTC elements from water, oil and the like is accomplished by coupling the inner and outer pipes hermetically and by embedding the lead members for applying voltage to PTC elements integrally in the outer pipe wall when it is being cast. For maintaining the fundamental function of the PTC elements, at least one of the lead members embedded in the pipe wall is formed in a tubular shape along which a through hole can be provided for allowing a certain amount of air to flow into said enclosed area.

Abstract: An intake heating apparatus of an internal combustion engine, comprising a hollow heater vessel which is placed in an intake passage of the engine and which comprises an inner pipe, an outer pipe in which said inner pipe is press-fitted, a PTC element holder located between the inner and outer pipes for holding peripherally spaced PTC elements, and an annular elastic electrode located between the PTC elements and the outer pipe. The PTC element holder has holes in which the PTC elements are held. The lower edges of the holes are off-set from the lower end of the elastic electrode.

Abstract: An intake heating apparatus of an internal combustion engine, comprising a hollow heater vessel which is placed in an intake passage of the engine and which comprises an inner pipe, an outer pipe in which said inner pipe is press-fitted, peripherally spaced PTC elements located between the inner and outer pipes, and an annular elastic electrode located between the PTC elements and the outer pipe. The improvement comprises means for preventing the PTC elements from being broken when and after the inner pipe is press-fitted in the outer pipe.

Abstract: An apparatus for liquid supply in an internal combustion engine having a liquid chamber containing a liquid such as fuel, lubrication oil or the like and located at one side of an intake passage of the internal combustion engine, which liquid chamber is in communication with the intake passage through a delivery passage having a metering throttle interposed therein; and a heating means provided proximately to the throttle portion of the delivery passage.

Abstract: A fuel conditioner including a cylindrical conduit shell body having a pair of compression connection ends. The shell body has a heating chamber interposed between an entrance conduit and an exit conduit. An overmold circumscribes the shell body. A pair of agitating screens are oppositely situated with respect to each other in the heating chamber. A pair of electrical conduits passes through the overmold and the shell body and are interconnected in series by a heating coil within the heating chamber. The method of conditioning fuel comprises agitating the fuel prior to its entrance into the heating chamber, heating the fuel within the heating chamber, and agitating the fuel as it leaves the heating chamber.

Abstract: A suction heating device for an internal combustion engine including a first metal member having a planar portion and a cylindrical portion extending from the flat portion for defining a passage for a fuel-air mixture, and a second metal member having a planar portion and a cylindrical portion extending from the planar portion and arranged outside the cylindrical portion of the first metal member with a predetermined spacing. The two cylindrical portions are joined to each other at the end to provide a casing for mounting therein a ceramic heater of positive temperature coefficient characteristic having a specific Curie point.

Abstract: A fuel mixture heating device of an internal combustion engine having a downdraft type carburetor mounted on the collecting portion of the intake manifold. A hollow cylindrical body having a radially outwardly extending flange is arranged at the lower end of the air horn of the carburetor. A plurality of PTC elements is arranged to be in contact with the flange of the hollow cylindrical body for heating the inner wall of the hollow cylindrical body.

Abstract: An adjustable idle needle valve assembly for an internal combustion engine carburetor includes an air bleed threaded needle valve mounted on a plug for a tubular metal housing, an insulating fiberglass sleeve in the housing and an electric needle valve heater coil within the insulating sleeve. The heater coil extends between the needle valve mounting plug and an outer air inlet plug for the tubular metal housing. An air-conducting shield tube extends between the plugs for isolating the flow of bleed air from the insulating sleeve, particularly when the outer plug is connected to a liquid vapor trap.

Abstract: A fuel vaporization system for a spark ignition, internal combustion engine in which liquid fuel (e.g., gasoline) is heated to a temperature sufficient for substantially complete vaporization of the liquid fuel prior to its being inducted into the combustion chamber(s) of the engine thereby to result in more efficient combustion of the fuel.

Abstract: A preheating device, particularly adapted to preheat fuel to an internal combustion engine, includes a pair of resistive heating elements which are held in resilient compressive juxta-positional heat transfer relationship with a fluid conduit by a retaining clip.

Abstract: A flexible barium titanate ceramic PTC heater for use in, for example, an intake pipe of an internal combustion engine to heat the air-fuel gas mixture is formed as a thin disc-shaped ceramic sheet constituted by a plurality of individual coplanar ceramic segments having interior edges positioned in spaced side-by-side relationship. The juxtaposed edges of the ceramic segments are united to each other by a flexible, heat-resistant, electrically non-conductive rubber band disposed in the space between the segments and bonded thereto by an electrically non-conductive adhesive to form the segments into a thin disc-shaped sheet which can be flexed without causing flexing of any of the individual segments. The ceramic heater is positioned in a metallic casing with one planar face thereof bonded to the inner surface of the casing by an electrically conductive adhesive. A stainless steel wool cushioning member engages the other planar face of the ceramic heater to support the heater in the metallic casing.

Abstract: An intake system for an internal combustion engine comprises an intake pipe structure connected through an intake manifold to cylinders of the engine, a fuel injection valve for injecting fuel into the intake pipe structure to form an air-fuel mixture, a throttle valve disposed in the intake pipe structure, and a baffle plate disposed in the intake pipe structure between the fuel injection valve and the throttle valve for promoting fuel atomization. The baffle plate has a surface which faces the fuel injection valve with a predetermined distance from the latter in order that the fuel injected from the fuel injection valve may impinge on the surface, and an outer edge spaced from an inner wall surface of the intake pipe structure to define a mixture passage therebetween.

Abstract: A heater assembly including an electronic control circuit for preheating fuel prior to carburetion in an internal combustion engine is disclosed. Fuel entering the carburetor is heated and maintained at an elevated temperature in a preferred range of about 110.degree. F. to 140.degree. F. by an electrically energized, resistance heating element. The preheater includes a coil of copper tubing through which the fuel is conducted and which is wound about the resistance heating element for indirect heat transfer to the moving mass of fuel. A sensor is interposed in the fuel line downstream of the coiled section and includes a housing in which a temperature probe is received and in which preheated fuel is accumulated prior to being discharged into the carburetor. The resistance heating element is thermally coupled to the sensor housing whereby heat is transferred indirectly to the fuel through the spiral delivery line segment and then through the walls of the sensor housing to the enclosed fuel.

Abstract: A heater for an air-fuel mixture having a heating element of a positive temperature coefficient resistor comprises a pair of metallic thin cylinders of different sizes each having outward flange portions at least at one end combined with each other as a double cylinder; a plurality of positive temperature coefficient resistors arranged between said inner and outer cylinders with springs for pressing the positive temperature coefficient resistors to the inner cylinder wall; an electric insulator plate inserted between the outward flange portions of said inner cylinder and the outward flange portions of said outer cylinder; a fixing means anchoring between said outward flange portion of the outer cylinder and said outward flange portion of the inner cylinder for fixing integrally with electric insulator plate; an electrically insulating material inserted between an inner end portion of the inner cylinder and an inner end portion of the outer cylinder for spacing between said inner end portion of the inner cylin

Abstract: A carburettor or other mixture generator 1 for an internal combustion engine has a mixing chamber 3 which is surrounded by a tubular wall 2 and delimited at its ends by a throttle valve 4 and a choke 5. The wall 2 is double-skinned with a water heating chamber 10 between the skins. In order to heat the wall 2 and prevent the condensation of liquid fuel upon it, water from a cooling water circuit of the engine to which the carburettor is fitted is circulated through the chamber 10 under the control of a thermally operated valve 21. Since the cooling water will no heat the carburettor until the engine itself has become heated, the carburettor is also provided with electrical heating for cold starting purposes. The chamber 10 is raised so that when the engine cooling water pump is not operating the chamber 10 is empty and the inside skin 9 of the wall 2 is made of electric resistance heating material.

Abstract: A fuel vaporizing and atomizing device which is particularly suitable for ammoniacal fuels comprises a chamber having a resonant plate therein, possibly forming part or all of one wall of the chamber, which plate is in physical contact with a transducer operating to vibrate the plate at an ultrasonic frequency in order to encourage vaporization which is further enhanced by passing the partly vaporized fuel through a silent discharge device operating at a very high voltage, following which the fuel passes over a catalyst such as platinum.

Abstract: An encapsulated PTC heater for a cold-start carburetor comprises a ceramic PTC wafer having ohmic terminal means on its opposite faces, and a thickened annular rim portion adapted to withstand appreciable clamping forces. The rim has portions of said ohmic terminal means. An annular metal holder assemblage has opposite ring portions overlying said thickened rim portion, and has ring-like contacts engaged with the rim portion to bring current thereto. One of the ring-like contacts is nested in an insulating annulus to isolate it from the remainder of the metal holder assemblage, and has a terminal lug extending through an insulating bushing to the exterior. The other ring-like contact is resilient in nature, and is clamped against the rim portion of the wafer by lugs of an annular metal housing constituting part of the holder assemblage.