Abstract: A processing tool includes a chamber configured to receive a wafer, the chamber having a sidewall and a sidewall heating source configured to heat the sidewall of the chamber. The processing tool further includes a first heating source configured to provide energy to an interior of the chamber through a top surface of the chamber and a second heating source configured to provide energy to the interior of the chamber through a bottom surface of the chamber. The sidewall heating source is separate from the first heating source and the second heating source.

Abstract: An auxiliary system for plastic molding electrically connected to an electrical energy converter to provide a working energy for heating at least a mold includes a plurality of plastic processing equipment, a plurality of electrical heaters, and an electrical energy switch equipment. When the plastic processing equipment sends a working request signal to the electrical energy switch equipment, the electrical energy switch equipment sends a working energy to the electrical energy heater corresponding to the plastic processing equipment sending the working request signal for heating the mold.

Abstract: A dual source heater with radiant and convection heaters operates to provide radiant and convective heat for heating a surrounding space. A quartz heating element provides radiant heat, and a resistive heating element provides convective heat, through openings in the heater housing. A reflector is positioned so that an airflow updraft is created within the housing and airflow is concentrated through the resistive heating element.

Abstract: A drier unit (10) for drying printed products has a plurality of drier rails (12), which comprise in each case a supporting body (14) manufactured from a hollow section (16). The clear outer contour of the cross-sectional area of the supporting bodies (14) is a rectangle. The drier rails (12) have in each case two resistance heating units (60) and additionally carry an infrared radiator (164).

Abstract: A radiation system has at least two elongated envelope tubes permeable to light and infrared radiation which are joined together and sealed from the ambient atmosphere, a first envelope tube of which contains an incandescent coil which is electrically connected through sealed tube ends and external contacts to an external power supply and emits infrared radiation in the near IR range; furthermore, at least a second envelope tube is provided which has an elongated carbon strip as an infrared radiator for radiation in the medium IR range, which is likewise connected through sealed ends and external contacts with the external power supply or with an additional external power supply. Preferably a carbon strip is used as the radiator strip, which is configured either as an elongated coil or forms an elongated strip.

Abstract: A heater for a gas sensor has a first thermistor element and a second thermistor element arranged in an electrically parallel configuration. Each thermistor element may be deposited onto a substrate such that the first thermistor element extends about a perimeter of the substrate and the second thermistor element extends across a portion of the substrate intermediate the perimeter of the substrate. The thermistor elements are preferably fabricated of materials having differing thermal coefficients of resistivity. A method of heating the gas sensor includes disposing the two thermistor elements in an electrically parallel configuration over a surface of the substrate and passing an electric current through the elements.

Abstract: A radiation system has at least two elongated envelope tubes permeable to light and infrared radiation which are joined together and sealed from the ambient atmosphere, a first envelope tube of which contains an incandescent coil which is electrically connected through sealed tube ends and external contacts to an external power supply and emits infrared radiation in the near IR range; furthermore, at least a second envelope tube is provided which has an elongated carbon strip as an infrared radiator for radiation in the medium IR range, which is likewise connected through sealed ends and external contacts with the external power supply or with an additional external power supply. Preferably a carbon strip is used as the radiator strip, which is configured either as an elongated coil or forms an elongated strip.

Abstract: A radiation system has at least two elongated envelope tubes permeable to light and infrared radiation which are joined together and sealed from the ambient atmosphere, a first envelope tube of which contains an incandescent coil which is electrically connected through sealed tube ends and external contacts to an external power supply and emits infrared radiation in the near IR range; furthermore, at least a second envelope tube is provided which has an elongated carbon strip as an infrared radiator for radiation in the medium IR range, which is likewise connected through sealed ends and external contacts with the external power supply or with an additional external power supply. Preferably a carbon strip is used as the radiator strip, which is configured either as an elongated coil or forms an elongated strip.

Abstract: A heater for a gas sensor has a first thermistor element and a second thermistor element arranged in an electrically parallel configuration. Each thermistor element may be deposited onto a substrate such that the first thermistor element extends about a perimeter of the substrate and the second thermistor element extends across a portion of the substrate intermediate the perimeter of the substrate. The thermistor elements are preferably fabricated of materials having differing thermal coefficients of resistivity. A method of heating the gas sensor includes disposing the two thermistor elements in an electrically parallel configuration over a surface of the substrate and passing an electric current through the elements.

Abstract: A heater for a gas sensor has a first thermistor element and a second thermistor element arranged in an electrically parallel configuration. Each thermistor element may be deposited onto a substrate such that the first thermistor element extends about a perimeter of the substrate and the second thermistor element extends across a portion of the substrate intermediate the perimeter of the substrate. The thermistor elements are preferably fabricated of materials having differing thermal coefficients of resistivity. A method of heating the gas sensor includes disposing the two thermistor elements in an electrically parallel configuration over a surface of the substrate and passing an electric current through the elements.

Abstract: A radiation system has at least two elongated envelope tubes permeable to light and infrared radiation which are joined together and sealed from the ambient atmosphere, a first envelope tube of which contains an incandescent coil which is electrically connected through sealed tube ends and external contacts to an external power supply and emits infrared radiation in the near IR range; furthermore, at least a second envelope tube is provided which has an elongated carbon strip as an infrared radiator for radiation in the medium IR range, which is likewise connected through sealed ends and external contacts with the external power supply or with an additional external power supply. Preferably a carbon strip is used as the radiator strip, which is configured either as an elongated coil or forms an elongated strip.

Abstract: The apparatus for making beverages comprises a kettle 15, a stand 10 and separable electrical connector means 16a,b to automatically connect the kettle with an electrical power supply connector in the stand when the kettle is placed on the stand; the stand is extended and provides a platform for a pot 13 and an electric heating member 14 is provided to heat a vessel on the platform alongside the kettle, and is provided with switch means to selectively energize the heating member and/or the kettle.

Abstract: An electric heating apparatus for softening and molding fillet wax strips used in foundry molds and castings includes a housing supporting a plurality of electric radiant heaters, such as lamps, above a platform for holding strips of fillet wax during preheating. An electronic control circuit is provided in the housing for varying the heat output of the radiant heaters and includes a thermostat located between the heater and the platform for limiting the temperature to prevent melting of the wax strips. Electrically heat fillet-forming tools, supported in holder on the housing during non-use periods, are provided for forming the preheated wax strips after application thereof to a mold. The tools are provided with ball-shaped tips and the housing is provided with a separate adjustable electronic control circuits for each tool so that the heat output of each tool can be adjusted to a temperature appropriate to the particular wax being worked and the size of the ball-shaped tip.

Abstract: Disclosed is a domestic cooking range of the ventilated type having surface elements and an underlying oven characterized by an extension of the ventilating fan motor shaft carrying an auxiliary fan disposed within the oven which provides forced circulation of air in the oven. The oven may thus be selectively operated in the conventional radiant heating mode or in the forced circulation or "convected" mode depending upon whether the ventilating fan motor is in operation. The oven can be held at an elevated temperature (of the order of 550.degree. F) for a time interval to accelerate catalytic self-cleaning (catalyst added to the porcelain frit covering the oven surface) because of air circulation within the oven door and passages adjacent the door, this cooling air flow being induced by operation of the ventilating fan.