Abstract: According to at least one embodiment, an image forming apparatus includes a heater and a controller. The heater is configured to generate heat. The controller is configured to control AC power to the heater so that a part of the AC power which exceeds a threshold voltage is not applied to the heater.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of a server for controlling a water heater on the basis of artificial intelligence learning, and a server for controlling a water heater according to one embodiment of the present invention receives operation information related to the water heater from the water heater, receives schedule information of a user controlling the water heater from either a terminal device or a schedule server linked to the terminal device, and uses the schedule information to generate control information for controlling the water heater.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and articles to provide customized control of a cooking appliance, such as a sous vide cooker. A user provides a selection of one or more ending characteristics for a food product. A processor-based device determines one or more output food preparation parameters based on the user's selection of the one or more ending characteristics. Measurements of temperature, power delivery, or other characteristics may be obtained during cooking process. A cooking program controlling the cooking process may be revised or updated based at least in part on the obtained measurements or analysis of the measurements. Estimations or projections about the cooking process may be presented to a user via a user interface of the cooking appliance or a user interface of one or more computing devices (e.g., smartphone, tablet computer) associated with the user.

Abstract: A system and method for an intelligent hair drying/styling apparatus with user information transmission and storage capabilities is herein provided. The hair drying/styling apparatus houses a control circuit board and an infrared or temperature sensor (or camera) in order detect an individual's hair condition moisture level to determine a user specific, customizable dryer setting. The information detected by the sensor is stored locally, on a proximal Internet-enabled device, or on a remote or cloud-based server and accessed by the hair drying/styling apparatus through a wireless local area network connectivity function. Accordingly, a user's hair temperature-drying profile may be stored and later recalled to provide optimal hair styling setting customized for that user. This innovation will enable any number of hair professionals and or end consumers to improve styling and dry time.

Abstract: A safety system and method to prevent water within a top portion of a tank of an electric water heater to drop below a safe temperature during a load shedding period, other than a full emergency grid failure, by a power provider whereby to prevent the propagation of harmful bacteria in a top portion the tank. A control device monitors the water temperature in the top portion of the tank by the use of a temperature sensor. If the control device detects a temperature of the water in the top portion of the tank inferior to 140 degrees F., it will by-pass the instructions of the power provider and connect power to one or more of the resistive heating elements of the tank until a predetermined temperature above 140 degrees F. is attained before switching off the resistive heating elements.

Abstract: A dry diffuser is disclosed which avoids safety and transport issues typical of liquid diffusers, candles and wax melts and provides systematic controlled diffusion of fragrance (or other active material) over relatively long periods with a programmable user interface.

Abstract: A multi-mode beverage brewer includes a body, a brewing chamber in the body configured to receive beverage brewing material, a flow controller in the body, a selector, and a tray. The flow controller is configured to control a flow of water to the brewing chamber such that in a first mode a first quantity of water or in a second mode a second quantity of water is provided to the brew chamber. The selector is configured to actuate the first mode or the second mode of the flow controller. The tray is configured to support a brewed beverage container to receive a brewed beverage from the brewing chamber. The selector is configured as a magnet and a magnetic sensing element. One each of the magnet and the magnetic sensing element is arranged in the body and in the tray.

Abstract: A multifunctional assembly having a resistive element a conductive element in electrical communication with the resistive element, the conductive element defining at least one of a plurality of multifunctional zones of the resistive element, wherein the conductive element is configured to direct a flow of electricity across at least one of the plurality of multifunctional zones of the resistive element in a preselected manner.

Abstract: A cooking appliance and a method for controlling a cooking appliance are provided. The cooking appliance may include at least one cooking device that cooks items to be cooked using a heat source, a touch panel type input that receives a command for controlling operation of the at least one cooking device, and a controller that receives a touch input signal from the input and controls the operation of the at least one cooking device. The input may include a first touch circuit board and a second touch circuit board, which may communicate with each other and may be electrically connected with the controller. If an abnormal signal is transmitted to the second touch circuit board from the first touch circuit board, the controller may stop the operation of the cooking device or operation of the cooking appliance. When the input is damaged or malfunctions, the operation of at least one cooking device or the operation of the cooking appliance may be stopped, thereby preventing secondary damage, such as fire.

Abstract: A cooking hob includes at least one heating power transferring element with multiple concentrically arranged windings, one or more heating power energy units for powering the windings, a control unit that controls the heating power energy units, and detection means that determines the coverage of the windings by a cookware item. The control unit balances the heat provided to the cookware item by determining a rescaled electric power for the windings based on power requests and information regarding the coverage of the windings and establishes an operating cycle by determining a duty cycle for one or more windings. The duty cycle defines the activation time of the respective winding and is chosen such that the mean electric power provided to the respective winding within the operating cycle is equal or essentially equal to the rescaled electric power associated with the winding.

Abstract: A system for removing an oxide material from a surface of a substrate can include a substrate tray to receive the substrate, and a cooling body to receive the substrate tray. The system may include a first temperature control element configured to control a temperature of the substrate tray and a second temperature control element configured to control a temperature of the cooling body, where the first temperature control element and the second temperature control element can be independently controlled. A method for removing oxide material from a surface of a substrate can include providing the substrate on a substrate tray having heating elements, cooling the substrate by transferring heat from the substrate tray to a cooling body, depositing a halogen-containing material on the cooled substrate while the substrate is on the cooling body, and subsequently sublimating the halogen-containing material by heating the cooled substrate by transferring heat from the substrate tray to the substrate.

Abstract: There is provided an inductive heating device configured to receive an aerosol-generating article including an aerosol-forming substrate and a susceptor, and to heat the susceptor when the article is received by the device, the device including a DC power supply to provide a DC supply voltage and a DC current; and power supply electronics including a DC/AC converter connected to the power supply, and an inductor connected to the converter to inductively couple to the susceptor when the article is received by the device, the electronics being configured to supply power to the inductor from the power supply, via the converter, for heating the susceptor when the article is received by the device, the supplied power being provided in a plurality of pulses separated by time intervals, and to control a duration of the time intervals between successive pulses based on measurements of the current provided by the power supply.

Abstract: Food stuffs are cooked at precise temperatures, which are optionally below 100° C., in a vessel that is evacuated to exclude air, in which low pressure steam replaces the air. When a sufficient quantity of air is excluded and replaced with water vapor, the temperature of vapor is accurately measured inside the vessel below the lid to control the temperatures within about 1° C. Air is preferably excluded via a controlled heated process for a relatively short period of time at high temperature to generate steam, the temperature is lowered to condense water vapor upon which the lid will sealingly engage the rim of the vessel, forming a partial vacuum in the cooking vessel.

Abstract: A vehicle climate control system includes a heat exchanger to heat ambient air using engine waste heat, and a plurality of positive temperature coefficient (PTC) heating elements to heat air passed through the heat exchanger. The vehicle also includes a controller programmed to, while the vehicle is driven without engine propulsion, issue a command to sequentially de-energize the PTC heating elements before an upcoming engine activation. The sequential de-energization of the PTC heating elements is performed according to a schedule that is based upon a power surge dissipation time.

Abstract: An object has at least a first source of light secured thereto. At least a first light-bearing conduit operably couples to this source of light and also to at least a first heat-dispersion component that is also secured to the object. So configured, the heat-dispersion component responds to reception of light from at least the first source of light via at least the first light-bearing conduit by dispersing heat derived from the light.

Abstract: A water tank management system that connects either to a hot water tank directly or to an electric panel connected to the tank. The system comprises at least two temperature sensors, each of which is attached on the surface of the hot water tank near respective heating elements. The system comprises a control box which includes a solid-state relay that modulates the flow of electrical power to the heating elements in order to lower the energy used by the tank. The modulation is controlled by a program stored in a memory in the control box or communicated to the control box via an external controller. The system optionally comprises a third temperature sensor placed outdoors to measure the ambient outdoor temperature. With this feature, the system can activate a program to reduce energy consumption when the outdoor ambient temperature is outside a critical temperature range.

Abstract: A control system for controlling a heater includes a power converter, a sensor circuit, and a controller. The power converter supplies an adjustable power to the heater, and the sensor circuit is configured to measure an electrical characteristic of the heater. The controller is coupled to the power converter to control the power to the heater, and is configured to select a state model control, as an operation state of the heater, from among a plurality of defined state model controls. The controller controls the power supplied to the heater based on the operation state of the heater and on the electrical characteristics of the heater.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed toward a control system for controlling a heater that includes at least one heating element. The control system includes a power converter operable to supply an adjustable voltage output to the heater, a sensor circuit that measures an electrical characteristic of the heating element of the heater, a reference temperature sensor that measures a reference temperature of a reference at the heater, and a controller. The controller is configured to calculate a primary temperature of a heater element based on the electrical characteristic and determines the voltage output to be applied to the heater based on at least one of the reference temperature and the primary temperature. The controller is configured to operate in at least one of an operation mode and a learn mode, and execute protection protocols when voltage is being supplied to the heater.

Abstract: A settings data storage stores unique serial numbers and information regarding a plurality of patterns for alternately switching between normal operation for operating at high capacity and suppressed operation for operating at low capacity each unit time. A pattern specifier determines information for a pattern set in accordance with even and odd serial numbers. A water-heating heat amount determiner determines a heat amount necessary for water heating. A water heating scheduler establishes a water heating plan based on information regarding the pattern determined by the pattern determiner and the water-heating heat amount as determined by the water-heating heat amount determiner. A water heating controller alternately switches between normal operating and suppressed operation to heat water in accordance with the water heating plan established by the water heating scheduler.

Abstract: A safety system and method to prevent water within a top portion of a tank of an electric water heater to drop below a safe temperature during a load shedding period, other than a full emergency grid failure, by a power provider whereby to prevent the propagation of harmful bacteria in a top portion the tank. A control device monitors the water temperature in the top portion of the tank by the use of a temperature sensor. If the control device detects a temperature of the water in the top portion of the tank inferior to 140 degrees F., it will by-pass the instructions of the power provider and connect power to one or more of the resistive heating elements of the tank until a predetermined temperature above 140 degrees F. is attained before switching off the resistive heating elements.

Abstract: A method for operating a water heater appliance includes determining a set temperature of the water heater appliance. The method also includes monitoring a temperature proximate to a lower heating element of the water heater appliance with a first temperature sensor of the water heater appliance and monitoring a temperature proximate to an upper heating element of the water heater appliance with a second temperature sensor of the water heater appliance. When the monitored temperature proximate the lower heating element is less than a first temperature threshold and the monitored temperature proximate the upper heating element is less than a second temperature threshold, the method includes turning the lower heating element on. When the monitored temperature proximate the upper heating element is equal to the set temperature, the method includes turning the lower heating element off. A related water heater appliance is also provided.

Abstract: In one aspect, a method for adjusting one or more parameters using an interface will be described. A contact point on a display is detected. A parameter is adjusted based on a distance between a reference point and the contact point. A second parameter is adjusted based on an angle between a base line and a contact line. The base line is a reference line that extends from the reference point. The contact line is a reference line that connects the contact point with the reference point. Various systems, devices and software are described that help implement the above method.

Abstract: A living space feature control apparatus includes a living space feature controller, a junction box controller receiver, wireless capabilities, and a programmable user interface. The living space feature control apparatus is configured with modular units including a junction box, backplate, device control assembly and faceplate making the control apparatus toollessly exchanged, upgraded or replaced. The control apparatus functions in a variety of ways including identifying different users, recording user preferences, automatically turning lights on and off according to user preferences, closing blinds automatically, initiating security actions, acting as an intercom system and triangulating occupant location. The living space feature controller may include inductive coils for inductive signal and power transfer and a rotary optical encoder for selectable user living space control.

Abstract: A method performs sous-vide style cooking in an oven cavity of a cooking appliance, where air, not water, serves as the cooking medium. The oven cavity temperature is regulated around a desired final food temperature using a PID algorithm to control a convection heating element and associated fan.

Abstract: A system and method for an intelligent hair drying/styling apparatus with user information transmission and storage capabilities is herein provided. The hair drying/styling apparatus houses a control circuit board and an infrared or temperature sensor (or camera) in order detect an individual's hair condition moisture level to determine a user specific, customizable dryer setting. The information detected by the sensor is stored locally, on a proximal Internet-enabled device, or on a remote or cloud-based server and accessed by the hair drying/styling apparatus through a wireless local area network connectivity function. Accordingly, a user's hair temperature-drying profile may be stored and later recalled to provide optimal hair styling setting customized for that user. This innovation will enable any number of hair professionals and or end consumers to improve styling and dry time.

Abstract: An apparatus for toasting a food item is arranged to receive and support said food item during toasting. The apparatus includes a heating element arranged to heat the surface of the food item by radiant heat and a fan arranged to blow air across the food item. The apparatus is arranged to operate in a first mode in which the fan is operative and a second mode in which the fan is reduced in speed or turned off. The apparatus is arranged to change from the first mode to the second mode automatically upon a predetermined condition being met. Other ways of moving air across the food item that do not use a fan are also disclosed.

Abstract: An indication of an ambient temperature near food is received using an ambient temperature sensor of a food thermometer, and an indication of a food temperature at an interior portion of the food is received using one or more thermal sensors of the food thermometer. A rate at which the indication of the food temperature changes is determined, and the completion time is estimated based on at least the indication of the ambient temperature near the food and the rate at which the indication of the food temperature changes. In one aspect, a resting temperature rise is estimated based on the rate at which the indication of the food temperature changes and at least one of a food type, a thickness of the food, and an amount of time for the indication of the food temperature to increase by a temperature rise value during a period of cooking.

Abstract: In a solid-state heating system, once a load with specific load characteristics has been placed in a heating cavity, a processing unit produces control signals that indicate an excitation signal frequency and one or more phase shifts, which constitute a combination of parameter values. Multiple microwave generation modules produce RF excitation signals characterized by the frequency and the phase shift(s). Multiple microwave energy radiators radiate, into the heating cavity, electromagnetic energy corresponding to RF excitation signals received from the microwave generation modules. Power detection circuitry takes reflected RF power measurements, and the processing unit determines a reflected power indication based on the measurements. The process is repeated for different combinations of the parameter values, and an acceptable combination of parameter values is determined and stored in a memory of the heating system.

Abstract: An oven includes a cooking chamber configured to receive a food product, a user interface configured to display information associated with processes employed for cooking, first and second energy sources, and a cooking controller. The first energy source provides primary heating and the second energy source provides secondary heating for the food product. The cooking controller may be operably coupled to the first and second energy sources. The cooking controller may include processing circuitry configured to enable an operator to make a browning control selection via the user interface by providing operator instructions to a selected control console rendered at the user interface. The selected control console may be selected based on a cooking mode of the oven. The browning control selection may provide control parameters to direct application of heat to the food product via the second energy source.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a heater including a heating element, a driving unit that supplies electrical power to the heating element, and a plurality of temperature detection portions, each detecting a temperature of the heater, and being disposed on a first circuit. A control unit controls the driving unit based on the temperatures detected by the plurality of temperature detection portions, the control unit being disposed on a second circuit, which is isolated from the first circuit. A plurality of abnormality detection circuit portions output signals corresponding to the temperatures detected by the plurality of temperature detection portions, and are disposed on the first circuits. In addition, an abnormality transmission circuit portion transmits a signal indicating an abnormality in the heater to the control unit based on the signals output by the abnormality detection circuit portions.

Abstract: Methods and vaporizer apparatuses that estimate, measure and/or predict the amount of vapor and/or material (including active ingredients) released by the vaporizer apparatus. In particular, described herein are electronic vaporizers and methods of using them that determine a dose/amount of vapor and/or a material in the vapor based primarily or exclusively on the electrical and thermal properties, e.g., power or energy applied to the vaporizing element (e.g., heating coil) and the temperature of the material immediately before and as it is vaporized. Dose information may be used to control operation of the device and/or reported to the user.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electric heater apparatus including a switch control part for controlling a switching part according to a control command of an air-conditioner controlling part; the switching part switched according to a switching control signal of the switch control part for supplying electric power of the power supply part from a heating part; and the heating part for receiving the electric power of the switching part and generating heat, wherein the switching part includes a plurality of switching modules set to control an output load of the heating part, and the switch control part operates one or more switching modules in serial order according to a target heating temperature.

Abstract: A system is provided that includes a hair dryer; a hairbrush; and a client device. The hairbrush is configured to sense a characteristic of at least one of the user's hair and the hair dryer, and to transmit information back to the hair dryer based on the sensed characteristic, and the client device is configured to communicate with the hair dryer and provide feedback to the user regarding a user's usage of at least one of the hair dryer and hairbrush based at least in part on sensed characteristic captured by the hairbrush.

Abstract: An electrical kitchen appliance for preparing food has an operator control unit for entering control instructions for control of the electrical kitchen appliance by a user. The operator control unit can be removably attached to the electrical kitchen appliance and, in the process, can be operated in a first operating mode and in a second operating mode, wherein the operator control unit for entering control instructions for control of the electrical kitchen appliance by the user is attached to the electrical kitchen appliance in the first operating mode and is removed from the electrical kitchen appliance in the second operating mode. An electrical kitchen appliance of this kind which has an operator control unit which can be individually operated is provided in this way.

Abstract: An atomic oscillator includes a gas cell encapsulating metal atoms, a coil disposed in a periphery of the gas cell, a laser source adapted to emit excitation light toward the gas cell, a heater adapted to heat the gas cell, and a wiring board adapted to supply the heater with power, and a plus line forming a plus current channel for the heater and provided to the wiring board, and a minus line forming a minus current channel for the heater and provided to the wiring board are disposed close to each other.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed for providing suggestions based on a flavor signature delta measured between samples prepared according to a recipe. An application obtains a flavor signature for a canonical sample prepared according to the recipe and a flavor signature for a sample subsequently prepared according to the recipe. The application generates a flavor signature delta from the flavor signatures of the samples. The flavor signature delta indicates a difference in the measure of each of the olfactory compounds in the samples. The application identifies one or more ingredients, each ingredient identified from at least one of the olfactory compounds present in the flavor signature delta. The application then generates one or more suggestions for preparing a sample based on the identified ingredients.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed for generating a mixture of olfactory compounds to diffuse based on a flavor signature delta measured between samples prepared according to a recipe. An application obtains a flavor signature for a canonical sample prepared according to the recipe and a flavor signature for a sample subsequently prepared according to the recipe. The application generates a flavor signature delta from the flavor signatures of the samples. The flavor signature delta indicates a difference in the measure of each of the olfactory compounds in the samples. The application identifies a mixture of olfactory compounds in the flavor signature delta based on the difference. The application then directs an aroma diffusing device to diffuse the identified mixture of olfactory compounds.

Abstract: A heating system includes a heater, a switching circuit providing alternating current to the heater, and a current sensor. The heating system also includes a controller that controls operation of the switching circuit. At a predetermined time during a half cycle, the controller outputs an activation signal to the switching circuit. Based on an elapsed time from outputting the activation signal that a current signal is at least at a predetermined level, the controller calculates a second time from which a current level does not exceed a threshold level during the half cycle, and outputs an activation signal to the switching circuit at the second time. The heating system is useable within an image forming apparatus.

Abstract: A shutoff device includes a guiding unit, a bread carriage connected movably to the guiding unit, a lever unit, and a switch. The bread carriage includes a first carriage body. The lever unit has a contact segment that has a lower portion disposed between first and second portions of the first carriage body, and an upper portion disposed above the lower portion and the first portion of the first carriage body. The lever unit is upwardly movable relative to the bread carriage, with the lower portion being moved toward the first portion of the first carriage body and the upper portion being moved away from the first portion of the first carriage body, thereby converting a contact portion of the switch from a contact position to a shutoff position.

Abstract: A method for detecting an influence of microwaves on a measurement value of a temperature sensor of a core temperature probe of a cooking appliance, includes: recording the measurement value of the temperature sensor; determining the slope of the course of the recorded measurement values in at least one analysis interval (A, B) which is in a predetermined relation to a switch-on time and/or a switch-off time of a microwave generator; determining whether the slope lies above or below a predefined threshold; interpreting the exceedance of or falling below the threshold to the effect that the corresponding temperature sensor is not located in a food to be cooked and/or the core temperature probe is not correctly inserted into the food or into a receptacle provided for the same.

Abstract: A method of regulating the temperature of a cooking liquid during sous vide cooking in a cooking vessel on a burner of a cooktop includes setting a desired cooking temperature and measuring the temperature of the cooking liquid inside the sous vide cooking vessel at a plurality of predetermined time intervals with a first temperature sensor mounted on an interior surface of a wall of the sous vide cooking vessel. The temperature of the cooking liquid is compared to the desired cooking temperature at each of the predetermined time intervals. The energy output of the burner is controlled based on the difference between the temperature of the cooking liquid and the desired cooking temperature. A cooking vessel and system for sous vide cooking using this method are also disclosed.

Abstract: Cooking appliances and methods for operating cooking appliances are provided. In one exemplary embodiment, a method for operating a cooking appliance is provided. The method includes providing power to the heating source according to a first control mode; determining whether to transition from the first control mode to a second control mode and, if so, then providing power to the heating source according to the second control mode. The method further includes determining whether to transition from the second control mode to a third control mode and, if so, then providing power to the heating source according to the third control mode. The cooking appliances and methods include features for limiting cooking utensil temperatures using time-to-target criteria.

Abstract: Embodiments relate to a method for detecting a broken binder in an access network including a plurality of telecommunication lines grouped in respective binders, executed by a detection device, including identifying a plurality of telecommunication lines for which a transmission interruption has been detected within a given time period obtaining line data associated with the respective identified telecommunication lines, for respective pairs of identified telecommunication lines, determining a virtual distance between the two telecommunication lines, in function of the associated line data, determining at least one cluster of telecommunication lines in function of the virtual distances, and detecting a broken binder in function of the determined at least one cluster.

Abstract: A heater system includes a heater bundle and a power supply device. The heater bundle includes a plurality of heater assemblies and a plurality of power conductors. The heater assembly includes a plurality of heater units, each heater unit defining at least one independently controlled heating zone. The power conductors are electrically connected to each of the independently controlled heating zones in each of the heater units. The power supply device is configured to modulate power to each of the independently controlled heater zones of the heater units through the power conductors.

Abstract: In a heat cooking device equipped with a memory card attaching mechanism for inserting a memory card, the memory card attaching mechanism is configured to have, on a lower face of a main body of the heat cooking device, a card insertion port for inserting the memory card vertically upward. The card insertion port is configured to be hidden by a front grille panel attached to a machine chamber lying under the main body so as not to be exposed from the heat cooking device. Therefore, the reliable commercial heat cooking device that does not require a special waterproof measure can be provided.

Abstract: A networked visual and audible alarm light system and method with voice command control and base station having alarm for smoke, carbon monoxide, and gas provides illuminating LEDs, audible alerts, a base control, and a voice command control. The system detects and alerts to smoke, carbon monoxide, and gas. Multiple light fixtures audibly and visually alert in different colors, patterns, and intensities, dependent on the type of event detected. A network of systems are monitored and controlled from a base station that facilitates communication therebetween. The system provides speech recognition for powering on and off, dimming, brightening, and adjusting the lighting; including presets and emergency situations. The voice recognition command controls lighting choices, and can silence or suspend alarm-state by verbally commanding SHUT OFF. The base station monitors and programs individual LED and detecting devices that create a network within a home or structure to manage lighting and security.

Abstract: The present invention is a system for tank recovery comprising a tankless having an outlet and a storage tank that is operatively connected to the tankless. A pump is operatively connected to the tankless and the pump is operatively connected to the storage tank. A first thermistor is in thermal communication with the outlet of the tankless. The first thermistor measures a first temperature of the outlet of the tankless when the pump is active. A second thermistor is in thermal communication with the storage tank. The second thermistor measures a second temperature of the storage tank. A controller has a stored default temperature for the tankless. The controller receives the measured second temperature from the second thermistor. The controller compares the stored default temperature for the tankless to the measured second temperature from the second thermistor.

Abstract: An apparatus applies electromagnetic (EM) energy at a plurality of modulation space elements (MSEs) to an object in an energy application zone via at least one radiating element. The apparatus includes at least one processor and a memory that includes instructions, that when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform operations. The operations include receiving information sensed by a detector and determining an energy application schedule based on the information sensed by the detector, the energy application schedule comprising timing instructions for applying the EM energy at an irregular order of MSEs, and causing application of the EM energy at the plurality of MSEs to the object in the energy application zone via the at least one radiating element, according to the energy application schedule determined.

Abstract: A contact wetting circuit 100 is disclosed for supplying wetting current to sense the state of dry contacts of a switch SW1 setting for an electronic device 10. The contact wetting circuit includes an RC circuit 110 having a resistor R1 and a capacitor C1, and a controller 120 connected to a power supply 130 of the device. The controller supplies a first voltage to the RC circuit to produce a charging current having an average current and/or a peak current below the wetting current parameter of the dry contacts. The charging current is used to charge the capacitor C1 during the first time period. The controller stops the supply of the first voltage to the RC circuit after sufficient charging to allow the charged capacitor C1 to supply a second voltage, across the switch SW1, to produce a wetting current. Thereafter, the controller polls and senses the state of the switch SW1, and performs certain operations accordingly.

Abstract: An integrated circuit is disclosed including a primary input for receiving an input voltage, a battery voltage input for receiving a battery voltage signal and an output for providing an output voltage higher than the battery voltage. First circuitry responsive to the input voltage is provided for turning off the output voltage responsive to an input over voltage condition. Second circuitry responsive to the battery voltage signal is provided for turning off the output voltage responsive to a battery over voltage condition. Third circuitry provides for over current protection.