Abstract: A surface acoustic wave (SAW) device comprising at least one heating element formed on the substrate; at least one temperature sensor having a first electric component on the substrate whose resistance varies with the temperature of the substrate and a second electric component whose resistance does not vary; and a temperature controller including an operational amplifier bonded in thermally conductive relationship to the substrate. The operational amplifier is responsive to the output of the temperature sensor to apply power to the heating element and thereby maintain the temperature of the substrate within a predetermined temperature range. The transducer, heating element, and first component are monolithically formed on the substrate, and only three electrical connections are on the substrate at voltage to off-SAW die points.

Abstract: A blower urges an airflow, at a rate according to a user-controlled flow rate command, through an electric heater and the electrical heater heats the airflow at a heater power based on a user-input temperature command, the user-input flow rate command, and a measured mass flow rate of the airflow. The heater power is calculated based on the heat energy required to heat air to the given reference temperature, at a flow rate corresponding to the measured mass flow rate. Optionally, the temperature of the air entering the electric heater is measured, and the heater power is calculated based on the heat energy required to heat air from the measured temperature to the given reference temperature, at a flow rate corresponding to the measured mass flow rate.

Abstract: A volatizer is provided including a multifunction cap secured over the open end of a body or other device, the chamber or other part of the device holding an amount of material to be extracted by selective volatization therein and including a thermo-indicator thereon or therein capable of deforming, actuating or otherwise indicating upon heating to a preselected temperature to provide an indication of the proper temperature for volatilization and extraction of the selected and or target compound from the material within the device.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a semiconductor device includes a first semiconductor region, a second semiconductor region, a first electrode and a heat generation portion. The first semiconductor region includes n-type silicon carbide. The second semiconductor region is provided on a portion of the first semiconductor region. The second semiconductor region includes p-type silicon carbide. The first electrode provided on the first semiconductor region and the second semiconductor region. The heat generation portion is provided on the second semiconductor region.

Abstract: According to another aspect, the subject application involves an oven and a method of controlling an oven for cooking a food item. The oven includes a cooking cavity, a user interface comprising an input device to be actuated with a single actuation event by a cook to select a predetermined cooking mode for cooking the food item, a heating element operable to produce heat required to cook the food item within the cooking cavity, and a control unit. The method includes receiving a cooking signal in response to actuation of the input device with the single actuation event by the cook, and establishing a cooking parameter for the predetermined cooking mode based on the cooking signal. The cooking parameter can be specific to the food item to be cooked according to the predetermined cooking mode of the oven. The method also includes initiating the predetermined cooking mode associated with the input device, and detecting that cooking of the food item according to the predetermined cooking mode is complete.

Abstract: A system for shifting energy demand from on-peak time windows to off-peak time windows by using hot water heater load shifting, while providing the end user with the level of service (i.e., availability of hot water) according to the user's customary use described by service quality criteria. The shift is accomplished by a controller located at the end user establishment and in communication with a central control server. The controller monitors local water heater upper and/or lower temperature and controls upper and/or lower water heater heating elements in accordance with a demand shift process commanded by the central control server. The controller may determine usage and remaining capacity for reporting back to the central control server. A volumetric capacity and usage determination is disclosed. The control server may select water heaters according to use patterns and/or measured capacity.

Abstract: A heater includes a heating element, a first electrode, a second electrode and a temperature controller. The heating element includes carbon nanotube layer and a binder. The carbon nanotube layer defines a number of wrinkles. The temperature controller is electrically connected to the heating element by the first electrode or the second electrode. The temperature controller is capable of controlling a temperature of the heating element by controlling a voltage and electric current applied to the heating element.

Abstract: Method for heating an SCR system using at least two resistive heating elements, according to which each of these resistive elements is powered by a PWM signal, the two PWM signals being at least partly in phase opposition.

Abstract: A rigid electrical raft has electrical conductors embedded in a rigid material. The electrical conductors transmit electrical signals through the rigid electrical raft, which may form part of an electrical system of a gas turbine engine. The rigid electrical raft also has electrical heating elements embedded therein. The electrical heating elements provide heat which may be used, for example, to prevent condensation and/or ice build-up and/or to raise the temperature of electrical components to be within a desired range.

Abstract: An air conditioning apparatus, including an electric motor driven blower for circulating air through a cabinet, also includes one or more electric heating elements and a system controller operable to control energization of the heating elements and the blower motor at predetermined operating conditions by way of suitable relay or control elements. The system includes a heating interlock relay to prevent energization of the one or more heating elements if the blower motor is inoperable, operating at other than a predetermined range of speeds or the system controller detects a malfunctioning heating element control relay or the like.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system comprising a hybrid heating device (PAC-H) for a fluid contained in a remote tank (SP), comprising a fluid inlet (Wi) for receiving the fluid from the tank, first and second internal heating means for said fluid, control means co-operating with said first and second internal heating means, and a fluid outlet (Wo) for returning said heated fluid. Said control means activate alternately or simultaneously the first and second internal heating means according to a setpoint and/or a predetermined operating parameter of the hybrid heating device.

Abstract: A heater apparatus includes: a heater unit including a heater resistor; a first switching unit disposed on a downstream side of the heater resistor for on/off controlling a power supply path from a supply voltage; a second switching unit disposed on an upstream side of the heater resistor for on/off controlling the power supply path from the supply voltage; and a controller outputting first and second control signals for on/off controlling the first and second switching units, respectively. The first switching unit is switched on when the first control signal is high, and the second switching unit is switched on when the second control signal is low. The heater unit is switched on when the sensor temperature is equal to or lower than a first threshold, and is switched off when the sensor temperature is equal to or higher than a second threshold.

Abstract: A heating apparatus includes a heating element adapted to be disposed on a substrate. The heating element includes electrodes and a multi-layer conductive coating of nano-thickness disposed between the substrate and electrodes. The multi-layer conductive coating has a structure and composition which stabilize performance of the heating element at high temperatures. The multi-layer conductive coating may be produced by spray pyrolysis.

Abstract: A heater device includes a temperature detector, a heater control circuit, a heater, a voltage supply path, and an overheat prevention circuit. The overheat prevention circuit includes a positive-temperature-coefficient thermistor and a pull-up resistor. The positive-temperature-coefficient thermistor is interposed on the voltage supply path in a position for being heated by the heater. The pull-up resistor that includes: one end connected between the heater and the positive-temperature-coefficient thermistor, and another end connected to a direct current power source. The control voltage to be applied to the heater is restricted to a voltage at a connection point between the positive-temperature-coefficient thermistor and the pull-up resistor when the control voltage from the heater control circuit is abnormally decreased.

Abstract: The cooking device includes a top plate on which containers are to be placed, heating devices provided under the top plate, electrodes provided on a lower surface of the top plate, capacitance detection devices for detecting changes in capacitance of the electrodes, and a boil over determination device for determining a liquid boiled over from the containers on the basis of the changes in capacitance detected by the capacitance detection devices in heating operations of the heating devices. The electrodes have a plurality of arc-shaped detection parts provided along periphery of each of the heating devices.

Abstract: A temperature controlled/limiting heating element for an electrically powered cooking appliance, having: a plate with an upper contact heating surface; a pair of heating element terminals adapted for removably engaging electrical power supply terminals of the electrically powered cooking appliance; a plurality of resistive heating wires, in thermal engagement with a lower surface of the top plate, comprising: a non-cycling resistive heating wire connected in series to the heating element terminals; and a cycling resistive heating wire connected in series to the heating element terminals via a thermostat switch in thermal engagement with a lower surface of the top plate, wherein the thermostat switch is normally closed when exposed to a sensed temperature below a set temperature and the thermostat switch opens when the sensed temperature is equal to or exceeds the set temperature.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method for manufacturing a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) device and a system for preventing overheating of a planar heater using the same. The manufacturing of the positive temperature coefficient (PTC) device is performed by mixing one or more polymer resins selected from ethylene butyl acrylate copolymers, ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers and polyethylene oxide, carbon black and an additive to prepare a compounding composition, adhering an electrode to both surfaces of the compounding composition, compressing the resulting electrode structure into a sheet, and irradiating electron beams to the sheet to perform cross-linking. Also, disclosed is a planar heater overheating prevention sensor cable obtained by connecting a plurality of PTC devices in series and adhering the devices to the surface of a planar heater by a predetermined distance.

Abstract: A temperature monitoring system for a flexible, thin-film graphite heater element includes a temperature sensing component that uses the heater element to sense temperature. The temperature sensing component includes a current sensor and a voltmeter circuit. A temperature control component is associated with the heater element. The temperature control component receives at least one set point value associated with the heater and controls the temperature of the heater element based on the at least one set point value.

Abstract: A safety device for arrangement in a battery cell of a lithium-ion battery includes at least one metallic conductor configured in a planar form, in particular a metal plate or a metal foil. The conductor includes an insulating layer applied thereon and a terminal contact configured for the electrical connection to a terminal of the battery cell. The conductor has at least one heating resistor with a first contact and a second contact arranged on the insulating layer so as to enable an electric current to be passed through the heating resistor by way of the contacts. A battery module with a control device includes at least one lithium-ion battery cell with the safety device.

Abstract: In one or more embodiments, an intelligent communications device is disclosed. In one embodiment, an apparatus is disclosed for controlling the operations of temperature-sensitive electronic devices in an enclosure, based on a requisite temperature range. The apparatus includes a main circuit board with a plurality of secondary circuit board connectors that are operative to connect secondary circuit boards to the main circuit board. The apparatus also includes one or more temperature sensors that are operative to sense temperature within the enclosure, and one or more selectively actuatable heating elements that are mounted to the main circuit board in proximity to the plurality of secondary circuit board connectors. Each heating element is operative to emit heat when actuated.

Abstract: In the present invention, temperature drop amounts of heating plate regions when the substrate is mounted on a heating plate are detected to detect a warped state of the substrate. From the temperature drop amounts of the heating plate regions, correction values for set temperatures of the heating plate regions are calculated. The calculation of the correction values for the set temperatures of the heating plate regions is performed by estimating steady temperatures within the substrate to be heat-processed on the heating plate from the temperature drop amounts of the heating plate regions using a correlation obtained in advance. From the estimated steady temperatures within the substrate and the temperature drop amounts of the heating regions, the correction values for the set temperatures of the heating plate regions are calculated. Based on the correction values for the set temperatures, the set temperatures of the heating plate regions are changed.

Abstract: A device for applying a composition may include an independent electrical energy source, at least one heater member that is powered by the independent electrical energy source and a circuit for controlling the power supply to the heater member. The circuit may be configured to power the heater member at least two power settings that differ at least as a function of the depletion state of the independent electrical energy source.

Abstract: A heater includes at least one heating element having a resistance that varies non-linearly with respect to a temperature of the heating element. The heating element includes a first surface, a second surface opposite the first surface, a third surface extending between the first and second surfaces, and a fourth surface extending between the first and second surfaces, opposite the third surface. The heating element has a height defined between the first and second surfaces, and a width defined between the third and fourth surfaces, and wherein the width is less than the height. The heater also includes at least one electrode coupled to the first surface and configured to generate an electric field across the heating element and cause a current to flow through the heating element.

Abstract: A heating control unit, including a controller housing is provided. The heating control unit includes a microcontroller arranged within the controller housing, with the microcontroller being configured to generate a control signal for a heater and to output the control signal via a control line to the heater. The heating control unit also includes a temperature sensor arranged within the controller housing and coupled to the microcontroller. An active sensor surface of the temperature sensor forms at least part of an outer surface of the controller housing.

Abstract: A medical device having a heater with at least one heating element which has mains voltage applied to it by a heating control unit. The heating control unit includes a monitoring arrangement and a switching arrangement. The monitoring arrangement can recognize the zero crossings of the mains voltage, and the switching arrangement can switch the at least one heating element on or off in the zero crossing. The heating control unit controls the power of the heating by switching on and off of one or more half cycles of the mains AC voltage.

Abstract: A uniform voltage is applied to loads even to other than a multiple of three loads made of heating lamps connected in parallel to each other, without causing any burden on a primary side. The number of loads is divided into a multiple of three and a multiple of two. A three-phase AC voltage is applied to three primary windings, which are connected as a Y-connection or a ?-connection. Secondary windings, which are each magnetically coupled to a primary winding of a plurality of three-phase transformers and have the same number of turns, are connected with the multiple of three loads.

Abstract: Certain embodiments of the present invention provide an electrical outlet including a power output adapted to provide electricity to an electrically coupled device, a switch adapted to activate and deactivate the power output, a temperature sensor adapted to detect a temperature, and a control unit in communication with the switch and the temperature sensor. The control unit is adapted to control the power output using the switch based at least in part on the temperature detected by the temperature sensor.

Abstract: A heater includes a heating unit that supports at least a high-power state, a low-power state and a stand-by state. A control circuitry of the heater implements a state machine to control the heating unit, with respective states in the state machine corresponding to power states in the heating unit. The transition from a first state to a second state in the state machine is determined by a comparison between a measured ambient temperature with a predetermined threshold temperature for transitioning from the first state to the second state.

Abstract: A cooking appliance control system for use during the Jewish Holidays or Sabbath. A timer is in communication with the oven heater element programmed to provide for scheduled activations and deactivations of the element during the Holidays. Prior to the Holiday the timer is programmed, the oven is activated to the predetermined temperature, and the timer program is then activated to provide for activation of the heater element to the predetermined temperature and deactivation in accordance with the schedule during the Holiday. Additionally, a switch selectively activates and deactivates the ignition circuits of the burners. This permits, one of the gas burner heater elements to be lighted by the appliance before the Holiday when the ignition circuits are activated to provide a flame to light the other burners when the ignition circuits are deactivated during the Holiday.

Abstract: The object of the invention is a clothing piece, such as a glove, with a heating device, in particular for the warming and/or temperature control of a skin surface with deep-acting effect upon areas of a human body, comprising at least one heat transfer element, at least one connection for an energy supply device, at least one control field with an encapsulation and with at least one circuit board with an electrical control circuit for controlling the temperature of the heat transfer element and at least two switches for the manual adjustment of the temperature. The encapsulation comprises a chamber that holds the circuit board and a protruding edge that surrounds the chamber, wherein the edge is made of a flexible material. In addition, the switches are made up of at least two contact elements located on the inside of the encapsulation and at least two contact elements formed on the circuit board.

Abstract: A system for measuring temperatures of and controlling a multi-zone heating plate in a substrate support assembly used to support a semiconductor substrate in a semiconductor processing includes a current measurement device and switching arrangements. A first switching arrangement connects power return lines selectively to an electrical ground, a voltage supply or an electrically isolated terminal, independent of the other power return lines. A second switching arrangement connects power supply lines selectively to the electrical ground, a power supply, the current measurement device or an electrically isolated terminal, independent of the other power supply lines. The system can be used to maintain a desired temperature profile of the heater plate by taking current readings of reverse saturation currents of diodes serially connected to planar heating zones, calculating temperatures of the heating zones and powering each heater zone to achieve the desired temperature profile.

Abstract: A device for limiting the temperature of cookware on a cooktop to a threshold level that corresponds to an oil ignition temperature. The device includes a temperature sensor that is positioned adjacent a bottom of the cookware on the cooktop. A control device in combination with each of the temperature sensor and the cooktop monitors the temperature and adjusts a heating element of the cooktop as needed to avoid cooking oil ignition. The temperature sensor can be a spring loaded temperature sensor to ensure and/or absorb contact with the cookware.

Abstract: A temperature control circuit of an oven controlled crystal oscillator (OCXO) is provided. A first and a second digital potentiometer are correspondingly arranged in a bridge circuit which outputs a voltage to an input terminal of a differential amplifier (OPAMP), wherein the resistance value of the first digital potentiometer is adjustable so as to adjust the temperature of the oven to the peak temperature of the crystal resonator, and the resistance value of the second digital potentiometer is adjustable so as to cancel the temperature gradient of the first digital potentiometer. In the temperature control circuit of OCXO, the heat generation of the heater resistor is controlled by the power transistor based on the control voltage from the differential amplifier.

Abstract: A method of managing electrical power storage can include remotely controlling operation of one of a plurality of water heating units included in a single water heater, separately from controlling a remainder of the plurality of the water heating units, at a customer location in response to a remotely transmitted indication.

Abstract: A heating apparatus for heating electronic components on a printed circuit board in low temperature environment includes a printed circuit board, a heating unit, a switch unit, a temperature-sensing unit, an electric power unit, and a control unit. The heating unit, the switch unit, the temperature-sensing unit, and the control unit are fixed connected to the printed circuit board and are electrically connected with the metal lines on the printed circuit board. The heat source is sent to the heat-conducting layer on the printed circuit board through the heat-conducting terminal after the switch unit is conducted by the control unit and the power is sent from the electric power unit to the heating unit. Then, the electronic components are heated with the heat source through the heat-conducting layer, so that the electronic components are in the working temperatures for starting up.

Abstract: A heating plate for a substrate support assembly in a semiconductor plasma processing apparatus, comprises multiple independently controllable planar heater zones arranged in a scalable multiplexing layout, and electronics to independently control and power the planar heater zones. A substrate support assembly in which the heating plate is incorporated includes an electrostatic clamping electrode and a temperature controlled base plate. Methods for manufacturing the heating plate include bonding together ceramic or polymer sheets having planar heater zones, power supply lines, power return lines and vias.

Abstract: The present invention provides a heating module attachable to an external object, comprising a heat insulation layer, at least one heat generating layer and a heat conductive layer. The heat generating layer is provided between the heat insulation layer and the heat conductive layer, and the heat generating layer is attached to a waterproof power connector box provided for ensuring a safe connection therebetween such that the heat from the heat generating layer generates can be controlled via the controller by users. As the heat conductive layer of the heating module is attached to the external object, the heat generated by the heat generating layer is transferred to the heat conductive, capable of uniformly distributing the heat further to the object, including such as floor, wall, outdoor roof and others, and such that the surface temperature of the object is maintained and the room temperature in the surrounding is increased.

Abstract: A heating jacket for use with an ammonia-containing storage cartridge for the controlled release of ammonia into an exhaust stream for the reduction of NOx is disclosed. The heating jacket includes an upper section comprising a plurality of layered materials, a lower section comprising a plurality of layered materials, a tool-less locking mechanism for securing the upper and lower sections, wherein the upper and lower sections together form an interior space for the receiving an ammonia-containing material canister. The heating jacket may also include a temperature regulating device within one of the upper section and the lower section for maintaining an activating temperature within a predefined limit for the controlled release of ammonia into the exhaust stream.

Abstract: A system and method thereof is provided for electrically heating a component. The system includes at least one heating element adapted to be adhesively bonded to a surface on the component and means for controlling flow and duration of an electrical current to the heating element from a power supply. The controlling means comprises a first heating cycle for curing an adhesive to bond the heating element to the surface and has a second heating cycle for providing ice protection to the surface.

Abstract: A heating control device for a heating apparatus comprises a power control unit connected between an external power source and a heating unit of the heating apparatus to transfer power therebetween; a first temperature sensor provided near the heating unit for detecting the temperature thereof; a second temperature sensor provided at a portion of the heating apparatus for containing an object to be heated and for detecting the temperature of the object; a storage unit for storing temperature reference values; a micro controller unit electrically connected to the first and second temperature sensors, the power control unit and the storage unit, which is used to receive temperature signals from the sensors, compare the detected temperatures to the temperature reference values, and command the power control unit to supply the heating unit with different powers. A heating control method therefore is also disclosed.

Abstract: A heating appliance comprises a chamber portion defining a heating chamber, a lid portion, a heating apparatus to heat air in the heating chamber, a food temperature sensor to sense an internal temperature of an item located in the heating chamber, a user interface configured to receive designation of a desired time of completion of heating of the item from the user, and a control circuit configured to control the supply of power to the heating apparatus. The control circuit is in communication with the temperature sensor and the user interface. The control circuit may control the heating apparatus so that the internal temperature of the item reaches a predetermined temperature at the desired time of completion designated by the user. The control circuit may control the heating apparatus so that the internal temperature of the item is maintained at a predetermined temperature for a predetermined period of time before an end of the desired time of completion.

Abstract: A device for making a muffle, with which dental restoration parts can be produced with the aid of an embedding compound, at least one press blank and a pressing device, the device having a muffle base, a tubular sleeve surrounding the muffle base and at least one muffle insert which is arranged on the muffle base and can be separated from it. At least two cylindrical press-channel forming elements (16, 18, 20) extend parallel to one another and spaced apart from one another from a flat-formed portion of the muffle insert (12), which can be burned out at least with respect to the forming elements, which elements are formed in a closed manner, and in particular with thin walls, at least on one free end face opposite from the flat-formed portion (14).

Abstract: Different advantageous embodiments provide an apparatus comprising one or more heating elements, a plurality of sensors, insulation, and a processor. The plurality of sensors includes at least a skin temperature sensor and an oven temperature sensor. The insulation is configured to thermally isolate the skin temperature sensor form the oven temperature sensor. The processor is configured to receive temperature data from the plurality of sensors and to control the one or more heating elements using the temperature data received.

Abstract: An ice detection system, in particular a method, apparatus and controller for detecting icing conditions and the presence of ice formed on a structure. Also, a method, apparatus and controller to detect the prevailing environmental conditions to determine whether or not ice may form on a structure. Two heaters of an ice protection system (experiencing substantially the same environmental conditions) are driven to different temperatures (the first greater than or equal to 0° C., and the second less than 0° C.). A difference in the powers required to drive the two heaters indicates the prevailing environmental conditions. In another embodiment, a heater of an ice protection system is driven and the rate of change of surface temperature is measured over several periods. A substantial deviation from a rate of change of surface temperature, which indicates the presence of ice on the surface of the structure, is detected.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for monitoring and controlling a cooking process, which includes a process for determining doneness using a single parameter as a combination of temperature and time applicable to a class of foods and specifically configured to be a robust measurement of doneness, parameter which will be referred to as “cooking score”.

Abstract: A heating mat for a condensate trap can include resistive traces which heat the mat. The mat can be adhered to the condensate trap, for example using pressure sensitive adhesive. A control thermostat monitors an ambient temperature and/or a temperature within the condensate trap. If a temperature is at or above a setpoint, the controller thermostat disables power to the resistive traces. If a temperature is below at or below a setpoint, the controller thermostat enables power to the resistive traces to heat the condensate trap and the condensate within the condensate trap. In an embodiment, the heating mat can operate at a voltage supplied by the furnace or from a power source external to the furnace.

Abstract: A method for controlling power supply to the liquid contents of a cooking vessel or the like, particularly for controlling the electrical power supply in an induction heating system, wherein a predetermined thermodynamic state is detected and the user is alerted, comprises maintaining a predetermined high power condition after reaching the predetermined thermodynamic state for a predetermined time and then reducing the power supply to a predetermined level.

Abstract: Provided are a cooker and a method for controlling the same. Levels driven by a plurality of heat sources are controlled by input driving levels of all the heat sources received by an input unit. Accordingly, there is an advantage in that foods are more swiftly cooked by the plurality of heat sources.

Abstract: A flexible roll-out thermal system, including: a layer of insulating material forming a first outer surface; a layer of conductive material forming a second outer surface; at least one electric heating cable disposed between the first and second outer surfaces; and, an electrical connection element for connecting the at least one electric heating cable to a power source. A method of forming a flexible roll-out thermal system, including: disposing at least one electric heating cable between a layer of insulating material forming a first outer surface and a layer of conductive material forming a second outer surface; and connecting an electrical connection element to one end of the at least one electric heating cable, the electrical connection element for connecting the at least one electric heating cable to a power source.

Abstract: Provided is a clinical diagnostic system that comprises a diagnostic instrument and a disposable cartridge. The diagnostic system can be used to measure assays in point of care clinical settings.