Abstract: A dielectric substrate for a thin film dot matrix thermal print head has its working surface etched or otherwise treated for selective removal of the dielectric material in all areas that are to constitute electrical connectors for the resistance heater print elements, to a depth approximately equal to the sum of the thicknesses of all of the conductive films to be applied to the substrate surface in those areas, following which the working surface of the substrate is selectively coated with films of high-resistance electrically conductive material and low-resistance conductive material, with suitable adhesion films as required, to complete the operating elements of the print head. An outer protective wear-resistant film may also be employed on the entire print head surface or on only the electrical connector areas.

Abstract: A thermal head of the present invention is composed of a substrate, a resistive heater element formed on the substrate, and electrically conductive members to supply electric power to the resistive heater element, wherein the resistive heater element contains a metal boride as the principal constituent. The thermal head of this construction is capable of selecting its resistivity to a high value and causing a large electric current to flow in the form of short pulses for the purpose of high speed printing, hence it is stable against repetitive pulse applications over a long period of time.

Abstract: A vitreous enamel resistor material comprising a mixture of a vitreous glass frit, an insulating material containing an oxide of zirconium, and a conductive phase of fine particles of tin oxide. The insulating material is selected from the group consisting of zirconia (ZrO.sub.2), calcium zirconate (CaZrO.sub.2), barium zirconate (BaZrO.sub.3) and strontium zirconate (SrZrO.sub.3), and the conductive phase may also contain an additive such as tantalum oxide. An electrical resistor is made from the resistor material by applying the material to a substrate and firing the coated substrate to a temperature at which the glass softens. Upon cooling, the substrate has on the surface thereof a film of glass and insulating material having the particles of the conductive phase embedded therein and dispersed therethroughout. The resistor material provides a resistor having relatively high resistivity as well as rugged physical characteristics.

Abstract: A vitreous enamel resistor, and method of making the same comprising the steps of applying to the surface of a substrate and firing a mixture of glass frit and particles of a precious metal oxide such as iridium oxide, ruthenium oxide, and mixtures thereof. The mixture is fired in a neutral, inert, or reducing atmosphere for a time and at a temperature resulting in a controlled partial dissociation of the oxide and softening of the glass frit. When cooled, a resistor is provided having a glass film with conductive particles therein strongly bonded to the substrate. The resistor produced can be terminated by the use of electroless plating.

Abstract: An electrically heatable window pane suitable for use in an anti-icing capacity in an aircraft windshield includes a substantially transparent layer of an electroconductive material, preferably tin oxide, sandwiched between fused sheets of glass. The sheets of glass and the layer of electroconductive material are fused together to form a structurally unitary window pane which is heatable by applying an electric potential to the electroconductive layer. Such a heatable window pane may be laminated to a structural fail-safe glass ply in a conventional manner to form a preferred embodiment of an aircraft windshield. In an alternative embodiment, an airplane windshield is formed with two independent electroconductive layers adjacent the inner and outer surfaces of the windshield to provide anti-icing capability on the outside surface and defogging capability on the inside surface.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for continuous manufacture of a laminate comprising a layer of a conductive polymer and at least one electrode. A tape electrode and a heat-softened conductive polymer are fed simultaneously through an elongate aperture of substantially closed cross-section formed by a plurality of rollers, whereby there is produced a laminate in which the conductive polymer layer has a controlled cross-section. Preferably the electrode has a plurality of openings therein and is fed through the aperture so that there is at least one point on the electrode, as it passes through the aperture, which coincides with an angle which is formed by two of said rollers and which is at most 90.degree.. Particularly good results are obtained when the roller which contacts the electrode has a plurality of indentations therein, so that conductive polymer not only penetrates into the openings in the electrode but also passes through those openings which overlie the indentations in the roller.

Abstract: A thermal printing head having a heating resistor prepared according to a thin-film technique and a wiring circuit prepared according to a thick-film technique achieves a high printing quality at a low cost. A thin-film resistor is formed on a heat-insulating dielectric layer which is, in turn, provided partially on a dielectric substrate, while thick-film lead electrodes, which are connected to a driving circuit, are formed on the dielectric substrate so as to make contact with the edge portion of the heat-insulating dielectric layer. Thin-film lead electrodes electrically connect the thick-film lead electrodes to the opposite ends of the thin-film resistor. The heat-insulating dielectric layer and the thick-film lead electrodes are provided by means of thick-film technique such as screen-printing and succeeding firing processes and the thin-film resistor and the thin-film lead electrodes are formed through thin-film technique such as sputtering or vacuum-evaporating process.

Abstract: A fluid flow control device includes a thermally conductive conduit section having both interior and exterior heat exchange surfaces, with the interior surface being adapted to contact fluid flowing thereover. A controllable heat transfer means coupled to the conduit section has a first operative state for removing heat from the exterior heat exchange surface to reduce the temperature of the conduit section sufficiently to freeze liquid adjacent the interior heat exchange surface and thereby at least partially restrict the flow of fluid thereover. In a second operative state, the heat transfer means supplies heat to the interior heat exchange surface to melt at least a portion of any frozen liquid adjacent the interior heat exchange surface and thereby permit the flow of fluid thereover.

Abstract: A multi-layer printed circuit applicable to a thermal printer head, having a plurality of parallel linear conductors with a heater and a diode in each conductors being classified into a plurality of groups and at least one end of the conductors in each group being connected together, said printed circuit comprising a first layer having an insulating substrate with a plurality of parallel linear conductors attached to said substrate, the terminated ends of the conductors in each group being arranged on an oblique line on the first layer, a second layer having a parallelogram-shape substrate portion with a plurality of parallel conductors on the surface of the same, each conductor on the second layer connecting each of the conductors in each group on the first layer to the corresponding conductors in the related group across some of the conductors on the first layer.

Abstract: A packaging arrangement for an electrical heater unit adapted for adhesive attachment to a surface, for example, to a window of a motor vehicle. The heater unit includes a plurality of heater strips which have an adhesive coating on one face thereof whereby the strips may be secured to the window. The strips are supported in a desired pattern for application to the window by being adhesively mounted on one surface of a backing sheet. The adhesive coated surfaces of the strips are remote from the backing sheet and a removable cover sheet overlies the heater strips. A clearance is provided between the cover sheet and the adhesive coating on the heater strips so that the cover sheet is not contacted by the adhesive coating on the heater strips.

Abstract: A thermal recording head which comprises a plurality of heat-generating resistors; an insulation substrate on which a plurality of separate conductors are mounted to be connected to the heat-generating resistors directly or with diodes interposed therebetween; and a 3-ply conductor holder formed of an insulation sheet, an assembly of common conductors mounted on the insulation sheet at a prescribed interval and an insulation layer deposited on the common conductors with a thickness of 2 to 20 microns, and wherein the insulation layer has openings arranged at a prescribed interval; and the insulation substrate is laminated with the conductor holder with the common conductors connected to the separate conductors.

Abstract: Apparatus is described for decreasing the frost-free recapture time of a multi-pane glazed door such as is used on refrigerated display cabinets, by selectively heating the innermost pane when it is exposed to high relative humidity conditions. An electric current is passed through an optically transparent electrically conductive layer on the unexposed surface of the innermost pane. This heats the pane to a temperature above the dew point of the ambient air.

Abstract: A heated rubber mat comprising upper and lower rubber panels and an intervening carbon-loaded electrically resistive rubber heating element. All are vulcanized together to form a unitary mat structure characterized by good flexibility permitting rolling up the mat in any direction and by permanent shape retention, said heating element having spaced, flexible electrodes fully enclosed therein and bonded thereto, along with associated, thermostatically controlled current receiving means, whereby current may be transmitted through the portions of the heating element lying between said electrodes to generate heat and whereby the mat may be maintained at the desired temperature.

Abstract: This invention sets forth the details of an electrical terminal for connecting a heating grid on a thermal window to a source of electric power. In general, such terminals have at least one bonding foot and a lead area to which an electrical connection can be made. The improved terminal of this specification is one in which the bonding foot is formed so as to have at least a first planar portion and a second planar portion interconnected by an interconnecting portion. The first and the second planar portions extend in spaced but substantially parallel planes. By such a construction, when the terminal is solder bonded to a heating grid on a terminal window, the first planar portion of the bonding foot is in close proximity to the heating grid and the second planar portion of the bonding foot is spaced from but interconnected by solder with the heating grid.

Abstract: A thermal print head with a plurality of spaced-apart electrical conductors carried by a support with a surface area provided at an end portion of each conductor. A common electrical conductor is provided having a thin portion for each surface area which is spaced from and essentially parallel to the surface area with resistive material disposed between the common electrical conductor and each of the surface areas. The print head provides a path for current flow and thermal flow through the resistive material in a direction essentially perpendicular to the surface areas.

Abstract: A thermal printing head having a heating resistor prepared according to a thin-film technique and a wiring circuit prepared according to a thick-film technique achieves a high printing quality at a low cost. A thin-film resistor is formed on a heat-insulating dielectric layer which is, in turn, provided partially on a dielectric substrate, while thick-film lead electrodes, which are connected to a driving circuit, are formed on the dielectric substrate so as to make contact with the edge portion of the heat-insulating dielectric layer. Thin-film lead electrodes electrically connect the thick-film lead electrodes to the opposite ends of the thin-film resistor. The heat-insulating dielectric layer and the thick-film lead electrodes are provided by means of thick-film technique such as screen-printing and succeeding firing processes and the thin-film resistor and the thin-film lead electrodes are formed through thin-film technique such as sputtering or vacuum-evaporating process.

Abstract: A technique for simulating the thermal appearance of objects. Electrical rgy is applied to conductive material that is attached to a mounting surface shaped in the form of the selected object. The conductive material is placed to simulate the radiation pattern that the object has been shown to demonstrate.

Abstract: A thin-film thermal head comprises a thin-film heat-generating resistor made of an alloy of Si and a high melting point metal such as Ta, Mo, Ti, W or Zr. Joule heat generated by supplying a pulse current to the thin-film heat-generating resistor is utilized to develop a color on a heat-sensitive recording paper for printing characters and pictures. Resistance against thermal shock of the thin-film heat-generating resistor is improved, thereby attaining a stable lifetime of the thermal head.

Abstract: Any element of a thermal print bar of resistive material is heated by a current pulse passed across the bar between an appropriate conductor pairing. Certain conductors are deposited in two parts with a rectifying layer deposited between the parts to provide diode isolation of heating paths from one another.

Abstract: In a honeycomb heating element comprising a PTC thermister body, a single electrode layer composed of a silver paste was conventionally used for applying power to the body. In the present invention, two or three electrode layers with improved electrical and chemical properties are used to provide the heating element with a long service life, improved reliability and a high heat generation.

Abstract: In a thermal print bar for use in facsimile systems, an array of individually selectable electrical current paths are defined in a strip of resistive materials having a high negative temperature coefficient of resistance. In operation, the resistance of a selected current path is markedly reduced in contrast with the resistance of unselected current paths parallel to the selected path so that the parallel current paths do not experience joule heating. Electrical power saving and visual contrast result.

Abstract: A heating device for heating a glass surface, such as the rear window of a car, includes a pair of elongated electrically non-conductive carrier strips having an adhesive layer on both sides thereof and secured in spaced-apart relationship to the glass surface by one of their adhesive layers to laterally delimit the surface area of the glass encompassed by the heating device. A plurality of spaced, thin electrically conductive foil strips, each cut in predetermined lengths from a continuous strip, and each of which has an adhesive layer on one side, extend between the carrier strips. The ends of the foil strips overlie the carrier strips and are secured to the carrier strips and the glass surface by the adhesive layer thereof. A strip-shaped electrical terminal conductor overlies each carrier strip in electrically conductive engagement with the foil strip ends and is fastened to the carrier strip by the other adhesive layer on the carrier strip exposed between the foil strip ends.

Abstract: A silicon-semiconductor type thermal head comprising a substrate of .alpha.-alumina ceramic of single crystalline sapphire a silicon layer of high electrical resistance formed on the upper surface of the substrate and exothermic dots of low electrical resistance silicon integrally formed on the high resistance silicon layer.The silicon semiconductor type thermal head is formed by forming a substrate of .alpha.-alumina ceramic of single crystalline and sapphire, forming a high resistance layer of silicon on the .alpha.-alumina ceramic, forming a layer of low resistance silicon on the high resistance layer of silicon and selectively etching the low and high resistance silicon layers to produce exothermic dots of low resistance silicon, separated from the substrate by high resistance silicon.

Abstract: A data storage and retrieval system is provided utilizing digital or analog data input signals to energize one or more data recording heads which can produce a selection of sizes of alpha-numeric, pictorial or digital coded images on a recording medium. Where alpha-numeric or pictorial images are produced, the images are both human and machine readable. Such alpha-numeric or pictorial images can be sequentially or simultaneously selectively produced full sized and/or reduced substantially in size to form at least 24:1 or greater size reductions of these images on the same or different recording media. Thus, for example, X-ray pictures or letters and the like can be simultaneously produced in reduced form on a microfilm recording medium for record storage purposes and full sized simultaneously on a recording medium for direct examination and delivery to third parties.

Abstract: A thermal printing head which effects printing on thermally sensitive paper with Joule's heat generated by passing a current through a thick-film resistor is featured by the surface configuration of the thick-film resistor. In a cross-section perpendicular to the direction of the current passing through the resistor, the resistor is formed in such shape that the center portion is lower than the opposite edge portions. Owing to such concave top surface, despite of the fact that the heating resistor is a thick-film resistor, printing of high quality that is compatible to printing quality by a thin-film resistor can be accomplished. A practically useful thermal head having the resistors with the concave top surface can be realized through the photo-resist pattern technique combined with the screen printing technique.

Abstract: Glass including 10-60% by weight of at least one metal oxide selected from the group consisting of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, MgO, ZrO.sub.2, BeO and TiO.sub.2 is formed, as a heat-insulator, on a substrate. Plural pairs of electrodes, each laterally facing to the other, are formed on the glass, heating resistors are formed between the electrodes of each pair, and the electrodes and the resistors are covered by a protective layer formed of glass including 10-40% by weight of at least one metal oxide selected from the group consisting of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 and BeO to complete a thick-film thermal printing head.

Abstract: A humidity-responsive heating circuit for a window of an automotive vehicle includes a grid of heating conductors on the window and two conductors closely approaching each other on the surface of the window such that the resistance between them changes, upon the appearance of humidity bridging the space between them, sufficiently to provide a signal. All of the conductors are composed of the same paste having the same properties and are applied as a single baked, silk screen printed pattern. The circuit may further include a switch to apply a voltage between those two conductors, amplifying means responsive to change of resistance between them, and a relay controlled by the amplifying means for connection of the heating grid to a source of voltage.

Abstract: A thermal printing head for printing alphanumeric characters on a thermally-responsive medium, the head being faced with a pattern of heat generating "dot" elements electrically insulated from one another and having conductive leads, with means for connecting the leads selectively to a source of electric current. The heat generating elements are formed of a film of boron phosphide. Preferably the leads are also formed of boron phosphide, integral with the elements, but "doped" to secure a high degree of conductivity.

Abstract: The invention relates to heating elements comprising conductive polymers which are capable of undergoing a change in dimension. The heating elements comprise a laminar member composed of a conductive polymer and two laminar electrodes connected directly or indirectly to opposite faces of the laminar member, and there are apertures, for example slits, passing through the thickness of the element so that at least one planar dimension of the element can be changed by changing the shape of the apertures. The apertures through the element facilitate its dimensional change. Preferably the laminar member exhibits PTC characteristics. The heating elements are particularly useful in the form of articles in which the element is attached to a heat-responsive sheet, for example a heat-recoverable polymeric film.

Abstract: In a thermal printer, a print element drive circuit has connected in series a CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) inverter gate driving a MOS (Metal Oxide Semiconductor) transistor which in turn drives a bipolar power transistor. The bipolar power transistor provides current pulses to a resistive element which is thermally activated in response to the pulses to cause the printing of characters upon thermal sensitive paper. Character decoding circuitry provides high impedence logic level inputs to the CMOS inverter and these inputs are converted by the printer driver circuitry into corresponding high current drive pulses.

Abstract: A bimetal device with an electrical heating element which serves for temperature-dependent control is provided. The bimetal device has a thin insulating layer, on which is arranged at least one electrical resistance layer which serves as a heating element. The resistance layer can be placed on the base of the bimetal device by means of vapor depositing or by thick film technology. In this manner a plurality of resistance layers can be provided that are insulated from each other and of which one serves for continual heating. It can also be useful to provide only one resistance layer which is connected in series with a PTC resistor and holds the bimetal device at a certain temperature. The embodiment of the electrical heating element as a resistance layer makes possible a very rapid heating of the bimetal.

Abstract: A voltage compensating drive circuit for a thermal printer is provided. The thermal printer includes a power supply for producing a supply voltage of varying magnitude. A plurality of exothermic printing elements are disposed on a substrate for recording print characters on a thermally sensitive medium in response to a current driving pulse being applied thereto. The printing density of the print characters, recorded on the thermally sensitive medium, are varied in response to variations in the duration of the current drive pulse applied to the exothermic printing element. The voltage compensating drive circuit is coupled to the power supply in order to detect changes in the magnitude of the supply voltage and includes an oscillator circuit for controlling the duration of the current driving pulses in response to changes in the magnitude of the supply voltage to thereby stabilize the printing density of each print character recorded on a thermally sensitive medium.

Abstract: In a ceramic heating element comprising a ceramic substrate having on a surface thereof a resistor pattern of an electrically conductive material and a ceramic electrically insulating layer disposed on the surface of the ceramic substrate with the resistor pattern thereon, the improvement wherein the ceramic electrically insulating layer includes an opening, the resistor pattern exposed by the opening in the ceramic electrically insulating layer being electrically shorted and/or an electrical short-circuiting path previously provided in the resistor pattern being cut whereby the resistivity of the resistor pattern is adjusted to within a particular range, and a heat resistant electrically insulating coating filling the opening in the ceramic electrically insulating layer.

Abstract: A flat plate surface heating unit or cooktop having a solid utensil-supporting plate that is heated by a resistive foil heating element that is bonded to a flexible, ceramic fiber paper substrate by a high temperature inorganic cement of high thermal conductivity and high electrical resistivity. The cement is formed in an electrically insulating layer that overlies the foil, and this cement hardens before the cement surface is applied against the underside of the cover plate so that the cement is not bonded to the cover plate. The soft, fibrous nature of the ceramic fiber paper substrate allows free expansion of the foil during thermal cycling. The relatively high thermal conductivity layer provides good heat transfer from the foil heating element to the utensil-supporting plate for improved efficiency.

Abstract: The installation for heating liquid and gaseous media comprises at least one heating unit which consists of an insulating body whose external surface is coated with a conducting film. The heating unit is made as a combination of variable-section containers interconnected in series. Buses are used for delivering electric voltage to the conducting film.The installation according to the invention increases the efficiency of heating extra-pure liquid and gaseous media three to four times, reduces the consumption of electric power three to four times and requires only a small amount of costly metals for its manufacture.

Abstract: A row of thick-film resistors connected by thick-film conductors on a ceramic substrate are suitably powered to form a thermal printing head. Thermally-sensitive paper is placed in intimate contact with the resistors, some of which are heated to a temperature sufficient to cause a color change in the paper to thereby produce a corresponding array of dots. The paper is moved across the printing head in incremental steps, forming other arrays of dots. The dots combine to form alphanumeric characters.

Abstract: An electric heater plate is disclosed which is formed on one surface of a sheet of tempered glass. The one surface of the tempered glass sheet has a plurality of thin lines of a silver ceramic material bonded thereto, the thin lines extending in a generally parallel but spaced apart relationship across the sheet of glass. Left hand and right hand end portions of the plurality of thin lines are interconnected by a thin interconnection strip of a silver ceramic material. A small terminal area of silver ceramic material is also associated with each of the interconnection strips located at opposite ends of the plurality of thin lines. A termination area is also bonded to the one surface of the sheet of tempered glass at a position spaced from the left hand and right hand interconnection strips. A thin copper strip is bonded to each of the terminal areas and the termination area associated with the left hand or the right hand interconnection strip to electrically interconnect the same.

Abstract: A thermal head for a thermal printer having a dielectric support and a plurality of conductive layers made of a single material has been found. Said conductive layer comprises a pair of lead lines at both the extreme ends of the same and a heater line formed in a zigzag fashion between said lead lines, and the material of the conductive layer is, for instance, nickel. A portion of said lead line is plated with a conductive material whose conductivity is better than that of the heater. Said heater line is covered with single protection layer of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3.

Abstract: A paperboard carton for packaging a pizza is provided with a substantially rigid, pizza-supporting electrical-resistance heater insert comprising a corrugated paperboard panel having laminated thereto a sheet of vacuum-metallized glassine. Arc-sprayed zinc bus bars extend over opposed edges of the metallized sheet and serve as electrodes for conducting electricity through the sheet as the resistor element. Electrical energy is supplied to the electrodes by a removable terminal clip that extends through an opening provided in a side wall of the carton and both electrically and mechanically engages suitably presented electrode terminals. An insulating sheet of coated paper extends over the metallized surface, the electrodes, and the bus bars, and serves as the immediate support surface for the pizza.

Abstract: The glass pane of a vehicle window is provided on the surface of its central viewing area with a plurality of spaced, parallel linear heating resistors. First and second buses, disposed laterally of the central viewing area, extend transversely of the resistors and supply electric power thereto. A pair of moisture sensing, electrically conductive probes are provided on the pane at widely spaced zones away from the central viewing area. Each probe includes a first portion coextensive in length with a resistor and running parallel thereto. At least one of the probes has a second portion running parallel to one of the buses.

Abstract: A removably mountable electrothermal print head for writing dots-matrix characters while moving along a thermosensitive recording medium and a mounting for the hand or a movable carriage of a printer, the head comprises a plurality of electrically energizable resistive printing elements coated on a support; the outer surface of said elements is partly cylindrical with the generatrices in parallel relation with a common direction which is transversal with respect to the printing line of the recording medium. The print head is positioned with respect to the recording medium with the part-cylindrical outer surface of the resistive printing elements in tangential relation with the recording medium. The printing head is positioned on and removably fixed to the carriage by a manually actuatable latch.

Abstract: In a method of mounting electronic devices, a gold lead is connected to each contact pad of each wafer in a semiconductor slice. In a parallel step, a body of wafer receiving material is secured to a support and is thereafter separated into wafer receiving members. Then, a layer of epoxy resin is applied to the slice, and the slice is secured to the wafer receiving members with each wafer mounted on a wafer receiving member and with the gold leads positioned between the wafers and the wafer receiving members. After the mounting step, the wafers comprising the slice are separated and the wafer receiving members are disengaged from the support. The resulting wafer-wafer receiving member subassemblies are subsequently fabricated into thermal printheads by mounting the wafer receiving members on heat sinks and connecting electrical conductors to the gold leads.

Abstract: A compact resistor device comprises a body of ceramic material of positive temperature coefficient of resistivity having a large number of passages extending through the body between opposite ends of the body, thereby forming very thin webs of the resistor material between adjacent passages. Coatings are formed on the resistor material along the inner walls of the passages to serve as ohmic contacts. The coatings in alternate passages are connected together at one end of the resistor device and the coatings in the other passages are connected together at the opposite end of the device to serve as device terminals. When the device terminals are connected to a power source, current flows through very thin webs of resistor material between ohmic contacts in adjacent body passages. The resistor device is particularly useful in current limiting applications requiring low, room-temperature resistance and in heat-exchanger applications where a fluid to be heated is directed through the passages.

Abstract: A thin resistor film type thermal head for printing on heat-sensitive paper, wherein a thin film of Ta--SiO.sub.2 containing 7 to 53 mol% of SiO.sub.2 or a thin film of Ta--SiO.sub.2 --N containing 7 to 53 mol% of SiO.sub.2, molar ratio of Ta to N being 1:0.5 to 1:1 is used as a heat-generating resistor.

Abstract: A laminated electrically heatable window has a transparent electrically conductive layer embedded in the window to act as a sheet resistor, and conductive bus bars embedded in the window in contact with the resistive layer. A portion of each bus bar extends outside an edge of the window to a terminal connection for making electrical contact with a harness cable leading to an electric current source such as an automobile alternator. Each terminal connection comprises separate electrical contacts on the ends of the bus bar and the cable harness for forming a cooperating pin and socket connection normal to the bus bar. The electrical contacts are pressure fitted together and hermetically sealed from end-to-end in an electrically insulating, protective sleeve.

Abstract: A thermal printing device comprises a continuous bar of electrically resistive material, with patterns of electrical conductors on each side of the bar. Connections are made to the bar from the conductor patterns at closely spaced positions. The conductor patterns are formed as columns on one side and rows on the other side to enable connections between columns and bar and rows and bar such that the number of external connections is minimized. The connections to the bar from the conductor patterns are staggered on one side of the bar relative to the other side. This doubles the center-to-center distance of such connections as correspond with connections which are opposite each other. This enables wider connection paths while still maintaining the original resolution.

Abstract: A semiconducting silicon device includes a semiconductor silicon substrate having a diffused layer and a silicon oxide film, a multi-layered electrode provided on the silicon oxide film and in contact with the diffused layer. The multi-layered electrode comprises Ti or Mo as first layer of electrode material and Ni as a second layer.

Abstract: A paging system, or the like, having a transmitting station and a plurality of pocket sized subscriber units is disclosed. The transmitting station has a keyboard for encoding alphanumeric characters of a message and a subscriber code, a storage means for a predetermined number of characters of a message, means for converting a binary character code, such as ASCII, to a binary code representative of the character to be displayed in matrix form, and a format circuit for transmitting successive columns of the successive matrix code with blank columns and timing spaces therebetween to facilitate reconstruction of the subscriber code and message. Each of the subscriber units is battery powered and sized to be carried in a pocket of the user's clothing.

Abstract: An electrical cooking or heating unit comprising a plate of a glassy material including a selected portion thereof upon whose upper surface vessels are to be placed for cooking purposes. The lower surface of the selected portion of the plate is provided with at least one sinuous strip of a gold/platinum alloy which integrally forms the electrical resistance heating element for the heating or cooking unit. A porous and partially sintered overglaze or coating covers the heating element and the portion of the lower surface of the plate on which the heating element is provided, such glaze preventing or inhibiting cracking, peeling or agglomeration of the heating element to provide a resultant increase in electrical resistivity. The life of the heating or cooking unit is thereby substantially increased.

Abstract: A thermal printing bar, as for a facsimile printer, has a pattern of associated conductors on each side thereof to produce two rows of hot spots in the printing bar. The hot spots in one row are offset relative to the other row. By suitably sizing the hot spots, the spots in one row will at least completely fill the gaps between the spots in the other row, or can even overlap. By this means, the one row is first printed on the paper; the paper moved by the distance between the centers of the rows and then the other row printed. This provides contiguous or overlapping spots on the paper, giving improved contrast.