Comprising Coating Printed Or Deposited On Core Sheath Or Support Means Patents (Class 219/543)
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Patent number: 4952783Abstract: Flexible heater panels comprising a light transmitting film substrate and a transparent conductive layer vacuum deposited on the substrate formed of (1) a light transmitting flexible plastic film substrate and (2) a vacuum deposited transparent conductive layer on a surface of the substrate selected from the group consisting of (i) a single lamina of tin oxide or indium tin oxide, (ii) a first lamina of indium oxide on the surface of the substrate and a second lamina of indium tin oxide over the first lamina, or (iii) a first lamina of tin oxide, indium oxide or indium tin oxide on the surface of the substrate, a second lamina of silver, platinum or palladium or alloys thereof over the first lamina, and a third lamina of tin oxide, indium oxide or indium tin oxide over the second lamina.Type: GrantFiled: March 20, 1989Date of Patent: August 28, 1990Assignee: W. H. Brady Co.Inventors: Brian E. Aufderheide, Michael J. Robrecht, Wayne R. Kelley
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Patent number: 4950868Abstract: The invention provides heated gloves. A battery saver circuit applies heat with a temperature responsive pulse width modulation that changes the duty cycle at which heat is applied to the glove. The battery saver circuit is part of a battery pack which is mounted on the back of the glove. A reflective foil is contained within the glove for directing heat toward the wearer's hand.Type: GrantFiled: March 3, 1989Date of Patent: August 21, 1990Assignee: Marmon Holdings, Inc.Inventors: Gary J. Moss, Michael Toler, Steven Rehkemper
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Patent number: 4947012Abstract: An electrofusion marker which fuses two pipe sections together and acts as a passive electronic marker. The electrofusion marker includes a tubular thermoplastic fitting having a coil therein, which is temporarily energized by a power supply. This heats the fitting, causing it to fuse with the pipe sections. The coil doubles as an inductor, and a capacitor connected in parallel with the coil creates a resonant LC circuit. After the pipe sections have been fused together and buried the joint may be thereafter located by emitting a signal into the ground, which is picked up by the resonant circuit and re-radiated. The radiated signal is detected by a receiver, indicating location of the electrofusion marker and joint.Type: GrantFiled: May 19, 1989Date of Patent: August 7, 1990Assignee: Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing CompanyInventor: Joe T. Minarovic
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Patent number: 4945630Abstract: A method of making injection molding nozzles of predetermined desired lengths and capacity which combines the advantages of large scale manufacturing with the flexability of individual assembly. Individual steel components such as a rear portion, an elongated forward portion, and a connector member are manufactured in volume, with the forward portion being made in different predetermined sizes. A forward portion having a particular length and melt bore diameter is then selected, and assembled together with a rear portion and a connector member. If necessary, the melt channel through the rear portion and connector member are enlarged to match the bore of the forward portion. The assembled components are then integrally brazed together to form a nozzle having a particular predetermined length and melt channel diameter.Type: GrantFiled: February 12, 1990Date of Patent: August 7, 1990Inventor: Jobst U. Gellert
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Patent number: 4941249Abstract: An integral sprue gated injection molding nozzle and method having a melt bore extending centrally therethrough wherein a circular forward end portion of the electrical heating element encircles the melt bore in the nose portion to provide additional heat adjacent the gate. The method includes locating the circular portion of the heating element in a circumferential space between a hub member and a funnel member and integrally brazing them together in a vacuum furnace to form the nose portion of the nozzle. The nose portion is drilled and machined to provide the desired gate and configuration depending upon the particular application.Type: GrantFiled: December 5, 1989Date of Patent: July 17, 1990Inventor: Jobst U. Gellert
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Patent number: 4940884Abstract: A heated transparency is provided with greater reliability by providing dual electrical connections to the bus bar that is at the edge portion remote from the edge at which attachment to the power source are made. Unique features disclosed herein include the provision of leads connected to the remote bus bar that extend along the same side edge of the transparency, and/or the provision of connections to the remote bus bar at locations spaced from the ends of the remote bus bar.Type: GrantFiled: December 19, 1988Date of Patent: July 10, 1990Assignee: PPG Industries, Inc.Inventor: Frank H. Gillery
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Patent number: 4931627Abstract: A heating device for a mirror includes a substrate having an electrical buss system deposited on one surface thereof including a plurality of interdigitated electrodes and two buss bars. There is provided a plurality of heater-lets formed of an electrically resistive layer of material having a positive temperature coefficient. The plurality of heater-lets have varying sizes and shapes and are deposited over the electrical buss system between the adjacent electrodes of the interdigitated electrodes. Each of the plurality of heater-lets are separated from its neighbor by spaces of varying sizes and shapes so as to form a plurality of individual heating areas of variable intensity. A first adhesive layer is deposited over the resistive layer and adheres to the exposed areas of the substrate. An electrical barrier layer is secured to the first adhesive layer, and a second adhesive layer is disposed on the electrical insulated barrier layer. A removable protective covering is secured to the second adhesive layer.Type: GrantFiled: July 13, 1989Date of Patent: June 5, 1990Assignee: Illinois Tool Works Inc.Inventor: Leslie M. Watts
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Patent number: 4920254Abstract: A laminated window is prepared by applying an ultraviolet curable acrylate resin to a transparent rigid outer layer. The acrylate is carried in a solvent that swells a plastic surface of the outer layer to promote adhesion. After evaporating substantially all of the solvent the base coat is exposed to ultraviolet radiation to polymerize the acrylate. An electrically conductive metal layer is deposited on a portion of the base coat. When this is completed the window may be laminated with a conventional interlayer and rigid transparent inner layer.Type: GrantFiled: February 22, 1988Date of Patent: April 24, 1990Assignee: Sierracin CorporationInventors: Howard S. DeCamp, John A. Raffo, Alex Z. Bimanand
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Patent number: 4918288Abstract: A heated transparency is provided with first and second bus bars along opposing edges of a transparency interconnected by an electroconductive coating. The bus bars and coating are applied to the same surface of the transparency. Electrical leads are spaced from the coated surface and are electrically insulated from the coating and bus bars.Type: GrantFiled: November 4, 1988Date of Patent: April 17, 1990Assignee: PPG Industries, Inc.Inventors: Thomas M. Carter, Harold S. Koontz
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Patent number: 4916427Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of electro-thermal conversion material and its products, made by semiconductor material. The process of making the electrothermal conversion material is as follows: a liquor is composed by dissolving two kinds of chloride (tin tetrachloride, etc.) in ethyl alcohol or carbinol, and another liquor, ammonium fluoride. After atomization of these two liquors, under the condition of high temperature, high valent metal oxide, low valent metal oxide and metal single substance etc, the metals of which correspond to the two kinds of chloride, deposit onto the surface of the high-temperature-resistant insulating material, forming a conductive semiconductor membrane.Type: GrantFiled: December 20, 1988Date of Patent: April 10, 1990Inventor: Kong De-Kai
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Patent number: 4912304Abstract: A thick-film incubator is used with a temperature control circuit and a mounting member on which the thick-film incubator is disposed. The thick-film incubator includes a ceramic substrate which has a first pair of conductive pads disposed at opposite ends thereof and a second pair of conductive pads disposed opposing each other thereon. A first layer of resistive ink is deposited on the ceramic substrate so that an open rectangular field is formed. The layer has a first end and a second end which are electrically coupled to each of the first pair of conductive pads, respectively, so that current can flow through the first layer in order to heat the ceramic substrate. A second layer of temperature-dependent resistive ink is deposited on the ceramic substrate adjacent, but not contiguous, to the layer of resistive ink.Type: GrantFiled: September 9, 1987Date of Patent: March 27, 1990Inventor: Jay E. Philippbar
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Patent number: 4912306Abstract: An electrical heater including a semi-conductor pattern (e.g., colloidal graphite ink) printed on a substrate. A conductive ink (e.g., a silver ink) is deposited on the semi-conductor pattern. The conductive ink migrates into the semi-conductor material, provides a superior electrical contact between the conductor (e.g., the silver ink) and the underlying semi-conductor material (e.g., the semi-conductor graphite ink), and essentially eliminates interface resistance. In some embodiments, the semi-conductor pattern is printed on one side of a woven cloth substrate and the conductive ink is printed on the other side.Type: GrantFiled: March 13, 1989Date of Patent: March 27, 1990Inventors: Frederick G. J. Grise, John A. Martstiller, Paul H. Bodensiek
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Patent number: 4910388Abstract: In an electric heating unit (1), at least one heating circuit of a heating resistor (2) is arranged as a coated or printed conductor track and is consequently arranged by means of an adhesive joint (16) on a support (3) made from a high temperature-resistant synthetic paper. The unit is fixed, on its bare side remote from the heating resistor and by means of a whole-surface adhesive joint (13), directly to the associated reception side (11) of the body (10) to be heated. The adhesive joint (13) is appropriately formed by an adhesive layer (14) of silicone resin adhesive or the like, or a self-adhesive layer with a thickness of a few tenths of a millimeter and which permanently in stress-compensating manner has roughly the same thermal stability as the support (3). At least one heating circuit can be switched by means of a mechanical temperature switch with high switching hysteresis.Type: GrantFiled: July 11, 1988Date of Patent: March 20, 1990Assignee: E.G.O. Elektro-Gerate Blanc u. FischerInventors: Josef Lorenz, Robert Kicherer, Ewald Keller
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Patent number: 4910380Abstract: A motor-vehicle window comprises a glass pane having an outer edge and a peripheral black obscuration band extending around the pane edge and leaving a central portion of the pane clear and unobstructed. This band is at least partially formed of a coating-deposited black conductor capable of generating heat when an electric current is passed through it. Thus an electrical current can be passed through the conductor to heat at least a portion of the pane at the obscuration band. The conductor may be positioned side-by-side with the band, disposed in a recess in the band or overlie the band. The conductor may define a heated wiper rest zone on the window.Type: GrantFiled: February 12, 1988Date of Patent: March 20, 1990Assignee: Flachglass AktiengesellschaftInventors: Jurgen Reiss, Wolfgang Zernial
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Patent number: 4894514Abstract: In a system for electrically heating a transparency, a malfunction in the heating circuit is detected by a Hall effect sensor that detects current changes in a lead to the heating circuit. The sensor is not directly connected to the heating circuit and detects the entire heating current at a location close to the transparency.Type: GrantFiled: July 5, 1988Date of Patent: January 16, 1990Assignee: PPG Industries, Inc.Inventor: Wayne A. Delvin
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Patent number: 4894513Abstract: A temperature control device for a heatable windshield which includes a temperature sensitive resistance member that extends into critical areas of the windshield to monitor the windshield temperature and prevent overheating. The voltage drop across the member is compared to a set voltage drop value as the windshield is powered and becomes heated. When the member's voltage drop exceeds the set value, the power to the heatable windshield is automatically interrupted to prevent overheating.Type: GrantFiled: July 5, 1988Date of Patent: January 16, 1990Assignee: PPG Industries, Inc.Inventor: Harry S. Koontz
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Patent number: 4889974Abstract: A thin-film heating element is formed of a temperature-stable, electrically insulating substrate having a thin, electrically conductive metal oxide film which is doped with foreign atoms which compensate each other in pairs and which each consist of at least one acceptor-forming element and one donor-forming element the metal oxide film being provided with connecting electrodes; the metal oxide film being doped with maximally 10% of each of the foreign atoms compensating each other in pairs, the quantity of the atoms differing maximally 10%.Type: GrantFiled: February 22, 1988Date of Patent: December 26, 1989Assignee: U.S. Philips CorporationInventors: Hans Auding, Gunter Frank, Heiner Kostlin, Bruno Vitt
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Patent number: 4882203Abstract: A process for fabricating a heating element comprising the following steps: surface protecting a silicon object by forming a protective layer by means of thermal oxidation, CVD or suitable alternative method; selectively etching away said protective layer so as to form a pattern to permit the formation of wire-like regions for a desired heater configuration; exposing the silicon object to halogenated tungsten gas at a reaction temperature of between 250.degree. and 500.degree. centigrade so as to chemically reduce a layer of tungsten onto the exposed silicon; and then coating the composite structure with a corrosion and oxidation resistant layer.Type: GrantFiled: November 4, 1988Date of Patent: November 21, 1989Assignee: CVD Systems & ServicesInventor: Warner H. Witmer
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Patent number: 4870388Abstract: A heat-generating resistor having a functional thin film comprising an amorphous material containing halogen atoms in a matrix of carbon atoms formed on a substrate.Type: GrantFiled: March 4, 1987Date of Patent: September 26, 1989Assignee: Canon Kabushiki KaishaInventors: Masao Sugata, Tatsuo Masaki, deceased, Hirokazu Komuro, Shinichi Hirasawa, Yasuhiro Yano
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Patent number: 4868899Abstract: A space heating element having a ceramic body, an electrically conductive ceramic glaze provided on the side of the ceramic shaped body opposite the visible side, and a nonconductive ceramic glaze provided over the electrically conductive glaze. The electrically resistive glaze has nonmetallic electrically conductive particles embedded in a carrier substance. The nonconductive glaze has the same carrier substance as the electrically conductive glaze but has kaolin particles embedded therein in place of the nonmetallic electrically conductive particles. The ceramic body, electrically resistive glaze and nonconductive ceramic glaze are heated to a temperature below the quartz transition temperature.Type: GrantFiled: February 16, 1988Date of Patent: September 19, 1989Assignee: Buchtal Gesellschaft mit beschrankter HaftungInventors: Martin Bard, Gottfried Cremer
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Patent number: 4864106Abstract: An electrical component (11) comprises a support (12) largely made from unalloyed steel sheet (13) with an aluminum coating (14). This serves as the anchoring coating for a glass, fused or fired insulating layer (15) applied to the conductor (16). The component is suitable as a self-supporting, heat-emitting room heating resistance element, as well as an electronic support and slide-in element.Type: GrantFiled: July 8, 1987Date of Patent: September 5, 1989Assignee: E.G.O. Elektro-Gerate Blanc u. FischerInventors: Josef Lorenz, Robert Kicherer, Ewald Keller
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Patent number: 4864101Abstract: A thin wafer for cutting plastic tubes which are to be butt welded together includes a high temperature insulated plate-like core with a resistance circuit on the core for heating the wafer to a temperature sufficiently high to melt through the tubes. A glass layer may be on the outer surface of the water, particularly in the contact area with the tube. The wafer may be used in an arrangement wherein residue is removed from the water by having the residue adhere to unused portions or stubs of the tubes which then would be stripped from the wafer.Type: GrantFiled: January 9, 1987Date of Patent: September 5, 1989Assignee: Denco, Inc.Inventors: John B. Shaposka, Dudley W. Spencer
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Patent number: 4859080Abstract: A dynamic thermal display simulator for testing thermal sensors having a matrix of individually programmable heater elements which are arranged in a linear array on the edge of a board comprising a low, thermal-conductive, electrically insulating substrate. A plurality of boards are arranged in rows to create the matrix.Type: GrantFiled: July 22, 1988Date of Patent: August 22, 1989Assignee: SSG, Inc.Inventors: Joseph S. Titus, Dexter Wang, Harold A. Graham
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Patent number: 4859835Abstract: A heating element comprises an electrically resistive track intended to be formed on an electrically insulative substrate. A heating unit comprises a heating element and a temperature sensor on a substrate, the sensor comprising an electrically resistive track. The track consists of a thick film having in the temperature range of from 0.degree. C. to 550.degree. C. a temperature coefficient of resistance in excess of 0.006 per degree C. The thick film includes a metal and a glass in such proportions as to provide a suitable resistivity and a thermal expansion coefficient to match that of an electrically insulative substrate to which the track is to be applied and to permit adhesion of the track to the substrate.The considerable variation of the resistance of the track with temperature provides advantages in both of the aforementioned applications.Type: GrantFiled: February 24, 1988Date of Patent: August 22, 1989Assignee: Thorn EMI plcInventor: Simon Balderson
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Patent number: 4859858Abstract: Gas analyzers of the non-dispersive infrared radiation type which are designed to measure the concentration of one gas in a mixture of gases containing that gas. A novel, electrically modulated, stable, thick film infrared radiation emitter is employed to emit a beam of collimated, focused energy; and two electrically biased detectors are preferably used so that a ratioed, error eliminating output signal can be supplied to the failsafe, signal processing circuitry of the analyzer. The latter, and a conventional analog-to-digital convertor, supply information to a microcomputer which: (1) turns the infrared radiation emitter on and off; (2) controls a heater which keeps the infrared radiation detectors at a constant, precise temperature; and (3) controls displays of a variety of information concerning the gas being measured and the status of the gas analyzer. The microcomputer also accepts ambient temperature, barometric pressure, and other compensation factors.Type: GrantFiled: March 11, 1987Date of Patent: August 22, 1989Assignee: Cascadia Technology CorporationInventors: Daniel W. Knodle, Leslie E. Mace, Lawrence L. Labuda
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Patent number: 4860030Abstract: A thermal transfer printing device, including an ink donor supporting an ink meltable upon the application of a selected temperature, a printing head supporting a resistive heating element for generating the selected temperature at the ink donor, and means for bringing a final image support surface into contacting relationship with the ink donor in timed relationship to the application of the selected temperature to the ink donor including an electrically conductive heat sink layer, a heat resistant organic material having a very low thermal conductivity deposited on the heat sink layer and an array of resistors, supported on the heat resistant organic material, each resistor selectively controllable to apply a melting temperature to the meltable ink. The heat resistant organic material having a very low thermal conductivity is desirably a polyimide.Type: GrantFiled: December 14, 1987Date of Patent: August 22, 1989Assignee: Xerox CorporationInventors: Stephen F. Pond, Gary A. Kneezel, Robert V. Lorenze, Michael P. O'Horo, Martin S. Maltz, Richard Kellerman
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Patent number: 4859859Abstract: Gas analyzers of the non-dispersive infrared radiation type which are designed to measure the concentration of one gas in a mixture of gases containing that gas. A novel, electrically modulated, stable, thick film infrared radiation emitter is employed to emit a beam of collimated, focused energy; and two electrically biased detectors are preferably used so that a ratioed, error eliminating output signal can be supplied to the failsafe, signal processing circuitry of the analyzer. The latter, and a conventional analog-to-digital convertor, supply information to a microcomputer which: (1) turns the infrared radiation emitter on and off; (2) controls a heater which keeps the infrared radiation detectors at a constant, precise temperature; and (3) controls displays of a variety of information concerning the gas being measured and the status of the gas analyzer. The microcomputer also accepts ambient temperature, barometric pressure, and other compensation factors.Type: GrantFiled: March 11, 1987Date of Patent: August 22, 1989Assignee: Cascadia Technology CorporationInventors: Daniel W. Knodle, William E. Crone
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Patent number: 4857384Abstract: Disclosed are an exothermic conducting paste mainly comprising a synthetic resin and a heat stable metal oxide which is positive in temperature coefficient of electric resistance and has an electric specific resistance of not more than 5.times.10.sup.3 .mu..OMEGA.cm at ordinary temperature, and an electric resistance heating unit wherein a desirably shaped solid or solid surface is coated or impregnated with said paste. This heating unit has an uniform temperature distribution, is adjustable to any desired temperature below 350.degree. C., and further can be formed in various shapes.Type: GrantFiled: May 29, 1987Date of Patent: August 15, 1989Assignee: Awaji Sangyo K. K.Inventors: Mitsushi Mio, Hisao Negita
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Patent number: 4855575Abstract: An electroceramic device formed of a body of electroceramic material and a process of making the device is disclosed. The body has an outer perimeter edge and two sides, each of the sides forming an exterior face. At least one groove is disposed on one of the exterior faces of the body, the groove extending from the edge and forming an opening on the exterior face. A lead wire is disposed in the groove and extends outwardly from the body through the edge. A metallized, electrically conductive coating is disposed on each of the exterior faces, and are electrically insulated from each other. The coating fills any voids left between the lead wire and the interior of the groove, whereby to hold the lead wires in place within the groove and form an electrical connection with the coating. Another lead wire is provided for the other coating, and that lead wire may be disposed in another similar groove.Type: GrantFiled: October 3, 1988Date of Patent: August 8, 1989Assignee: GTE Products CorporationInventor: Lionel J. Melanson
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Patent number: 4849611Abstract: Novel electrical heater which are self-regulating as a result of appropriate combination of a constant current or constant voltage power source with a resistive heating component and a temperature-sensitive component. Preferred heaters comprise a plurality of heating units, each of which heating units comprises a reactive component, a resistive heating component, and a temperature-responsive component. Self-regulation of the heater may be achieved in a number of different ways, including the use of employing a reactive component and a temperature-responsive component which form a combination exhibiting an impedance which changes with temperature. The temperature-responsive component can for example change in dielectric constant, or in permeability or in shape, or can effect changes in the frequencies inputted to the reactive component.Type: GrantFiled: December 16, 1985Date of Patent: July 18, 1989Assignee: Raychem CorporationInventors: Wells Whitney, Brian Kennedy, Chester Sandberg
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Patent number: 4849255Abstract: An electrical heater including a semi-conductor pattern (e.g., colloidal graphite ink) printed on a substrate. A conductive ink (e.g., a silver ink) is dposited on the semi-conductor pattern. The conductive ink migrates into the semi-conductor material, provides a superior electrical contact between the conductor (e.g., the silver ink) and the underlying semi-conductor material (e.g., the semi-conductor graphite ink), and essentially eliminates interface resistance. In some embodiments, the semi-conductor pattern is printed on one side of a woven cloth substrate and the conductive ink is printed on the other side.Type: GrantFiled: July 14, 1987Date of Patent: July 18, 1989Inventors: Frederick G. J. Grise, John A. Martstiller, Paul H. Bodensiek
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Patent number: 4849605Abstract: A heating resistor includes a conductive material, and an electrically insulating material made of a mixture of silicon carbide (SiC) and carbon (C) having a carbon content of not less than 3 wt % based on the mixture. The resistor is formed by sputtering of a target of the conductive material and the electrically insulating material having at least 5 wt % of carbon. The conductive material and the electrically insulating material may be respectively provided as separate targets. The conductive material is at least one metal selected from tantalum, niobium, titanium, tungsten, molybdenum, zirconium and chromium.Type: GrantFiled: March 11, 1988Date of Patent: July 18, 1989Assignee: Oki Electric Industry Co., Ltd.Inventors: Tomohiro Nakamori, Taiji Tsuruoka, Susumu Shibata, Takashi Kanamori
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Patent number: 4847472Abstract: Discontinuities in an electrically heated transparency are detected by monitoring voltage differences between two areas of the heating circuit on the transparency.Type: GrantFiled: January 15, 1988Date of Patent: July 11, 1989Assignee: PPG Industries, Inc.Inventor: Harry S. Koontz
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Patent number: 4845339Abstract: A thermal head in which a glazed layer, an undercoat layer, an electric power supply conductor layer and a protection layer are successively laminated on the surface of an insulating substrate, wherein an insulating heat conductive layer with a good electrical insulating property and high heat conductivity is disposed just below the protection layer. The temperature distribution in the heat generating portion is made uniform to eliminate the heat generation dots destructed with the low electric power applied. In addition, the reliability of the thermal head can significantly be improved, as well as the unevenness in the printing can be eliminated.Type: GrantFiled: September 6, 1988Date of Patent: July 4, 1989Assignee: Alps Electric Co., Ltd.Inventor: Masakazu Kato
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Patent number: 4841120Abstract: A thermal head which is reduced in restriction in dimension of a substrate to allow reduction in size thereof and wherein the contacting characteristic of the substrate with a platen is improved to assure a high quality of printing. The thermal head has a heat generating resistor element and a driving circuit therefor both formed on a substrate, and a suppporting heat radiating member joined to one face of the substrate on which the resistor element is located. The substrate is ground at least at a portion of the opposite face thereof corresponding to a heat generating portion of the resistor element to make the thickness smaller than the other portion of the substrate. Thermal recording is effected by the ground portion of the substrate. The substrate may be made of a transparent or translucent inexpensive material such as quartz or glass. Various forms of supporting heat radiating plate to be incorporated in the thermal printers are also disclosed.Type: GrantFiled: September 11, 1987Date of Patent: June 20, 1989Assignee: Sony CorporationInventors: Masamori Yagino, Masato Taniguchi, Yoshitomo Ito, Toshimitsu Takano, Wataru Ishikawa, Sadatoshi Kikuchi, Tetsuo Endo
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Patent number: 4839500Abstract: A compound covering element for wall, ceiling or floor linings includes a ceramic tile provided with an electrically conductive coating on its back side which is heatable to thereby heat the tile. An electrically conductive coating on the visible side of the ceramic tile dissipates static electricity.Type: GrantFiled: February 3, 1987Date of Patent: June 13, 1989Assignee: Buchtal Gesellschaft mit beschrankter HaftungInventors: Gottfried Cremer, Martin Bard
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Patent number: 4833300Abstract: An electrical space heating element having a ceramic body which is provided on the side facing away from the space to be heated with an electrically resistive coating. The space heating element provides a high thermal yield while consuming little electrical power and may be used as an element of design for the periphery of a room. The space heating element may be installed in such a way so that no channels are formed which might force air currents to circulate in the room to be heated. The electrically resistive coating is a layer of a carrier impregnated with nonmetallic particles which have a large specific area, are electrically conductive, and do not substantially vary the electrical conductivity at higher temperatures. The carrier in which the nonmetallic particles are embedded has no greater than poor electrical conductivity. The electrically resistive coating is applied in such a way that it has uniform electrical and thermal conductivity.Type: GrantFiled: December 11, 1987Date of Patent: May 23, 1989Assignee: Buchtal Gesellschaft mit beschrankter HaftungInventors: Martin Bard, Gottfried Cremer
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Patent number: 4829162Abstract: Uniform electrical heating of a circular, single crystal germanium window (18) uses its bulk resistance and pairs of electrodes (20) equally spaced about the window's periphery. The electrode pairs are sequentially switched at a rate high enough to avoid thermal switching transients.Type: GrantFiled: December 23, 1985Date of Patent: May 9, 1989Assignee: Hughes Aircraft Co.Inventors: Steven C. Soloski, Lowell M. Hobrock
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Patent number: 4827108Abstract: A substrate for supporting electrical components, such as thick film resistive heating elements, comprises a plate member, such as a metallic plate member, coated on one or both of its flat surfaces with a glass ceramic material.It has been found that the problems of (a) electrical breakdown between the metallic plate member and the thick film resistive heating element and (b) lack of adhesion between the thick film and the glass ceramic material can be substantially reduced or eliminated by reducing the porosity of the glass ceramic material. Methods of producing a glass ceramic layer having a low porosity, involving a two-stage heating process, are described.Type: GrantFiled: February 24, 1988Date of Patent: May 2, 1989Assignee: Thorn EMI plcInventor: Simon Balderson
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Patent number: 4825040Abstract: A thermal head includes an overcoat layer made from SIALON mixed with tungsten.Type: GrantFiled: February 26, 1988Date of Patent: April 25, 1989Assignee: Alps Electric Co., Ltd.Inventor: Masakazu Kato
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Patent number: 4820902Abstract: An electrically heated transparency such as may be employed in a vehicle to provide defrosting, deicing, or defogging capability for the vehicle windows includes a transparent, electroconductive, heat-producing coating, e.g., a film including silver, on a major surface of a transparent sheet, e.g., a glass sheet. First and second bus bars contact the coating along first and second opposite edge portions of the transparency. A pair of electroconductive extensions extend from opposite ends of the second bus bar to a location near the first edge portion along third and fourth edge portions of the transparency, with the extensions being electrically insulated from the coating and the first bus bar. Terminal areas of the extensions and the first bus bar are connected to a power source. The extensions reduce the power losses in the bus bars, produce a more uniform heating pattern, and provide redundancy should one of the extensions fail.Type: GrantFiled: December 28, 1987Date of Patent: April 11, 1989Assignee: PPG Industries, Inc.Inventor: F. Howard Gillery
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Patent number: 4816643Abstract: A glow plug has a heater member form by depositing a continuous metallic-silicide layer on the internal and external surfaces of a hollow open-ended cylindrical ceramic substrate. The metallic-silicide layer on the external surface of the substrate is electrically connected to a metal shell which supports one end of the heater member. An axial electrode disposed in the shell is electrically connected to the metallic-silicide layer disposed on the internal surface of the substrate and further serves together with a shoulder on the heater member to lock the heater member in the shell. The metallic-silicide resistive layer has a positive temperature coefficient of resistance and is substantially uneffected by micro-irregularities on the substrate surfaces to provide a cold resistance of from 0.2 to 0.6 ohms and is capable of responding to five amperes of current to develop a temperature of at least 800.degree. C. within five seconds.Type: GrantFiled: March 9, 1987Date of Patent: March 28, 1989Assignee: Allied-Signal Inc.Inventors: Gary B. Zulauf, David C. Weber
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Patent number: 4806739Abstract: A heater including an electron-conductive pattern designed to generate heat, which has a partially and/or entirely stabilized ZrO.sub.2 -base substrate, an Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 -base coating layer disposed on the surface of the substrate, and an electron-conductive pattern to generate heat disposed on the coating layer.Type: GrantFiled: December 17, 1987Date of Patent: February 21, 1989Assignee: NGK Spark Plug Co., Ltd.Inventors: Takao Kojima, Hiroyuki Ishiguro, Yoshiki Kawachi, Tetsusyo Yamada
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Patent number: 4804946Abstract: A pre-wired window is provided and consists of a set of window panes mounted in a frame, one window pane is conventional, the other is pre-wired on the inside surface with an extremely thin soft electrically conductive wire which allows unobstructed vision through the window. The wire is connected to conventional terminals on a conventional terminal block mounted on the outer surface of the pre-wired window panel. An alternative system uses an electrolytic gel in place of the wire, however wire is used to make the connection to the terminal from the gel. The resulting system is a pre-wired high thermal efficienty double panel window ready to be connected to generally available burglar alarm system at the terminals.Type: GrantFiled: April 3, 1986Date of Patent: February 14, 1989Inventor: Andrew I. Elkowitz
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Patent number: 4795887Abstract: An integrated circuit device having signal electrodes, a common electrode, an other circuit elements, a glazing layer, an extension extending over the glazing layer from the common electrode, an insulating layer formed between the extension and the signal electrodes, and a diffusion preventing layer formed close to the glazing layer between the glazing layer and another layer.Type: GrantFiled: April 21, 1988Date of Patent: January 3, 1989Assignee: Konishiroku Photo Industry Co., Ltd.Inventor: Isao Myokan
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Patent number: 4786784Abstract: A method for forming a vehicle window assembly includes applying a band of an opaque ceramic enamel material to a predetermined peripheral portion of a sheet of relatively flat glass, and heating the glass to a prefire temperature to fuse the opaque material to the glass. An electrically conductive material is applied to the band in a predetermined pattern to form a pair of bus bars typically along the top and bottom edges of the sheet of glass. The glass is again heated to fire the bus bar material and soften the glass for bending into a desired window shape. A mask is applied to the bus bars for later connection of electrical leads and the sheet of glass is washed prior to the next operation. An electrically conductive film is applied to the second surface of the sheet of glass and electrically connected to the bus bars.Type: GrantFiled: February 5, 1988Date of Patent: November 22, 1988Assignee: Libbey-Owens-Ford Co.Inventors: Robert B. Nikodem, Peter J. Tausch, Ronald D. Goodman, Robert M. Felt, Michael J. Grogan
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Patent number: 4785150Abstract: A heater comprising a sheet substrate formed of alumina and an electron-conductive pattern provided thereon and designed to generate heat, in which at least a portion of the electron-conductive pattern is provided thereon with an oxygen ion-conductive layer.Type: GrantFiled: December 6, 1985Date of Patent: November 15, 1988Assignee: NGK Spark Plug So., Ltd.Inventors: Takao Kojima, Nobuhiro Hayakawa, Yutaka Nakayama, Tetsusyo Yamada
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Patent number: 4779103Abstract: Disclosed is a thermal head in which an oxidation proof layer and an abrasion resisting layer are formed on a heating resistor layer and an electric conductor layer, the abrasion resisting layer being a metal layer in which abrasion resisting particles are mixed and dispersed and being partially formed about a heating portion. A method of manufacturing the thermal head of the kind as described above in which the abrasion resisting layer is formed by applying non-electrolytic plating at the portion about the heating portion on the oxidation proof layer with a mother metal material into which abrasion resisting particles are mixed and dispersed.Type: GrantFiled: July 29, 1985Date of Patent: October 18, 1988Assignee: Alps Electric Co., Ltd.Inventor: Makoto Tomoyori
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Patent number: 4774397Abstract: A heater including a substrate having semiconductor bus stripes along each edge of one face. The semiconductor stripes are connected by a plurality of identically oriented bars. The bars include a feeder segment at each end and a divided segment connecting the feeder segments. The feeder segments are spaced 1/4 inch apart. The divided segment is divided into equally spaced heating elements, each having a width equal to the width of the space between adjacent heating elements. The width of each heating element is 1/16 inch.Type: GrantFiled: July 1, 1987Date of Patent: September 27, 1988Inventor: Frederick G. J. Grise
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Patent number: 4772520Abstract: This invention discloses a thermal head having a resistive layer of a thin Ta-Si-O film containing more than 45 mol % and at most 75 mol % of a silicon oxide in terms of SiO.sub.2, and a method of manufacturing a thermal head by sputtering a sintered target in vacuum atmosphere at an argon gas partial pressure of 10.times.10.sup.-3 Torr to 80.times.10.sup.-3 Torr so as to obtain the resistive layer.Type: GrantFiled: March 4, 1987Date of Patent: September 20, 1988Assignee: Kabushiki Kaisha ToshibaInventors: Shouzo Takeno, Hideki Matsui, Kazushige Sasaki