Abstract: An internal combustion gasoline engine includes an air heater coupled to an intake duct of the engine in a heat transfer relationship with air in the intake duct. A combustion pre-chamber is also formed in the head of the engine. The pre-chamber is at least partially separated from the combustion chamber by a wall. One or more apertures are formed through the wall and provide fluid communication paths from the combustion chamber to the pre-chamber, feeding a mixture of air and fuel from the combustion chamber to the pre-chamber. The apertures further define a plurality of combustion paths allowing ignited fuel and air from the pre-chamber to efficiently enter and combust the fuel and air mixture within the combustion chamber. The air heater and the combustion pre-chamber increase combustion efficiency from a first efficiency level to a second efficiency level greater than the first efficiency level.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a ceramic-coated heater in which the outer surface of a heater rod is coated with ceramic to improve the physical properties thereof including durability, corrosion resistance, and the like, thereby enabling the heater to be used in water or air. The outer surface of the heater rod is coated with a ceramic composition to which an acrylic corrosion resistant wax is added, thereby strengthening the bonding force of the coating layer film, and thus improving the physical properties thereof including durability, corrosion resistance, and the like to enable the heater to be used in water. Therefore, the ceramic-coated heater of the present invention enables high thermal conductivity using less current and reduces energy consumption so that it can be utilized in a wide variety of industrial fields.

Abstract: A gas igniter includes a heating element, a bushing and a mounting bracket. The bushing is formed of a generally rigid electrically insulating material and supports the heating element. The bushing includes an elongated slot extending through the bushing. The mounting bracket includes a first connecting portion and a second mounting portion. The first connecting portion is inserted through the elongated slot located on the bushing for connecting the mounting bracket to the bushing. The second mounting portion is configured to attach the gas igniter to an associated support surface.

Abstract: A heating apparatus comprises a heating element, an inner shell for supporting the heating element, an outer shell disposed along the outer boundary of the inner shell, a cooling medium passage for conveying a cooling medium between the inner shell and the outer shell, a first opening provided in the inner shell, a second opening provided in the outer shell, and a partition arranged to extend from the first opening to the second opening for developing at least a space separated from the cooling medium passage and between the inner shell and the outer shell. The heating apparatus further comprises an insulator for shutting up a gap provided between the partition and the second opening.

Abstract: Featured is a method for securing an ignition device to a support. The securing method includes disposing a shock mounting pad between the ignition device and the support, the shock mounting pad being configured so as to reduce external loads to the ignition device, more particularly to reduce external loads being applied in one of directions transverse to a long axis of a heating element of the ignition device and more specifically, to reduce external impact loads. The shock mounting pad is made of a material having a thickness and firmness so as to be capable of reducing external loads being applied in one of a horizontal or vertical direction with respect to a long axis of a heating element forming a part of the ignition device. In this way, the structure formed by the combination of the ignition device, shock mounting pad and the support is more resistant to applied external loads than a case in which the ignition device is secured without the shock mounting pad.

Abstract: A gasket shaped heater for placement between parting surfaces of component housings of engines, gear housings, differential housings and similar structures. The heater preheats the components to facilitate cold weather starting or operation thereof. In one form of the invention the heater is semi-permanently attached to a parting surface of the component housing and has an outer metallic surface which interfaces with the standard gasket located between the connected components. In another form of the invention, the heater takes the place of the standard gasket normally interposed between the parting surfaces.

Abstract: A heating module for a mixture-compressing combustion engine which is arranged between an induction pipe and a cylinder head of the combustion engine. The induction pipe, the heating module and the cylinder head delimit at least one intake port in which at least one electrically heatable heating element is arranged which constitutes a component of the heating module. The heating module is connectable with connecting terminals to an electric current source and the joining surfaces between the induction pipe, the heating module and the cylinder head are sealed by a sealing device. The heating module includes at least one thin plate made of metallic material. A conductor made of electrically conductive material is secured on the plate. The sealing devices are constructed in one piece with the heating module on the side facing the induction pipe and the side facing the cylinder head.

Abstract: A heating element for an air flow comprises a channel shaped bracket including a base and side walls at right angles thereto within which is mounted a pair of mica sheets arranged parallel to the base and at right angles to the sides and connected to the sides by ribs longitudinally of the sides with transverse slots within which the sheets slide. Each sheet is wrapped with a heating wire formed into helical coils so that each side of the sheet carries a plurality of parallel helical coil portions with connecting portions wrapped over the edges of the sheet. The sheets are symmetrical and one is inverted relative to the other. Each sheet carries at ends thereof a male and a female connector of the blade and receptacle type so that the blade of one sheet engages into the receptacle of the other sheet.

Abstract: An electrofusion fitting for sealing a distribution line, or main, includes upper and lower arcuate sleeve members securely coupled together about the line by means of nut and bolt combinations. Extending radially from the upper sleeve member is a cylindrical flange with a threaded end portion through which a line tapping tool may be inserted for either inserting a seal in the line or for coupling a branch line to the distribution line. A pair of electrodes extending from the upper sleeve member form an electrofusion circuit with a heating conductor disposed intermediate the line and upper sleeve member for forming a fusion bond therebetween. A sealing gasket is disposed about the flange opening in the upper sleeve member to provide an immediate, temporary seal between the upper sleeve member and the line to permit rapid sealing of the line followed by permanent electrofusion sealing of the fitting on the line permitting the immediate tending to any necessary repair work to the line.

Abstract: A device for heating flowing liquid or gaseous media has a heating element including a PTC resistor arranged between a pair of perforated metallic bodies serving as power supply terminals for the resistor. The heating element is positioned inside a tubular housing defining a flow path for the medium to be heated and made of two mating housing parts, with the heating element extending across the flow path for flow of the medium through the perforations of the metallic bodies to transfer heat to the medium. A bracket on each metallic body fastens the heating element to the housing and is electrically connected to a contact on one end of a power supply cable molded as an integral part of one of the housing parts and terminating at its other end in an electrical plug outlet on the housing part connectable to a battery or electrical network.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a hair styling appliance having heat conductive portion for applying heat to the hair and an electrically energizable heater element located in thermal relationship with the heat conductive portion for causing it to be heated upon application of energy. A temperature sensor is located in thermal relationship with the heat conductive portion. The temperature sensor is electrically connected to the heater element and has a positive temperature coefficient of resistance. A pulse switching device is operatively coupled to the heater and responsively coupled to the temperature sensor for controlling energization of the heater with temperature. A selectable temperature setting circuit is coupled to the pulse switching device for varying energization of the heater in accordance with a selected temperature operation.

Abstract: An electric heating element with a resistance element, a metal sheath in heat transfer relation to the resistance element on one side of the sheath and a thin, dry coating of refractory material major proportion by weight of which is boron nitride on another side of the sheath to be placed in heat transfer relation to an object to be heated. A method of enhancing the heat-transfer qualities of a metal sheathed electric heating element includes coating the metal sheath, on a surface to be placed in heat-transfer relation to an object to be heated, with a liquid slurry of refractory material a major proportion of which is boron nitride, drying and outgassing the coating and mounting the sheathed element on an object to be heated with the coating in contact with the object.

Abstract: The lid is hermetically sealed to an associated box by a gasket in the form of a sealant covered temperature autoregulating heater.

Abstract: Electric heater assembly for use typically with hand-held soldering or desoldering devices includes an elongated resistance element formed from a thin flat metal foil having three connected areas of different resistance, the differing resistance being caused by the different widths of the areas. The first area, to which terminals are attached, is the widest and acts as a heat sink. The second area decreases in width to the first area and acts as a transition area between the first and third areas. The first and second areas include first and second separated portions for providing electrical current to the first area and returning it therefrom. The first area includes first and second strips respectively connected to the first and second portions of the second area. The strips extend adjacent a first side edge of the third area in a side-by-side relationship to the distal end of the resistance element and then back towards the second area to a position where they are connected to one another.

Abstract: Device of thermoplastic material for making a perforation in an underlying element made of a plastics material compatible with the first-mentioned plastics material.It is composed of a plate (1) of relatively slight thickness, in one face (2) of which a spiral groove (3) is formed, at the center of which the plate is provided with an opening (1'), the said spiral groove being intended to receive an electric heating wire (19) of which one end is intended to be attached to a first projection (7) carried by the plate, on the side of the face in which the said groove is formed, while its other end is intended to be attached to a second projection (10) similar to the first and situated a certain distance from the latter.Application to the making of branch pipes.

Abstract: A bleeder resistor is described for draining charge from capacitances formed in a three element isolator. The isolator includes a dielectric element having conductive coatings thereon to form a capacitance. A bleeder resistor is formed on the dielectric element by screening a thick film resistive composition on the dielectric element so as to create a discharge path between conductive coatings on the dielectric element.

Abstract: A heating element for electrical appliances which include a meander-form winding of resistance heating wire, two or more supporting plates arranged parallel to an incident flow direction of air produced by the blower and having openings in which turns of the winding are located. Metallic spacer elements are provided for connecting the supporting plates with a voltage tap being provided on at least one of the turns of the winding. At least one of the spacer elements is provided with a prolongation which projects beyond one of the supporting plates and is deformable to constitute a sleeve engaging about a turn of the winding.

Abstract: An electric air heating appliance includes a housing defining an air flow path in which is positioned a resistance heater assembly which includes a plurality of air vanes for reducing air swirling. The heater assembly includes a semi-rigid assembly of mica plates in a cruciform arrangement and stiffened by use of a corrugated resistance heating element helically wound about the plates. An improved terminal means provides a tap intermediate the ends of the helical heating element. Additional terminals means are provided for connecting the ends of the heating element to a power source. The terminal means, which are in the form of metallic strips defining extending leg segments, cooperate with an impeller fan tube surrounding an air impeller in the housing to support and captivate the heater assembly in the housing.

Abstract: A heater element for an electrical appliance (especially one having a blower, such as a fan heater, hair drier or the like) consists of a resistance heating wire looped in linear formation (e.g. zig-zag) and held transversely of the air flow direction by at least one support plate disposed parallel to said direction. The element has a voltage tapping point at the tip of one of the loops which projects beyond the other loops and has its tip fixed to an insulating panel parallel to said support plate. Said tip may be riveted or secured by an eye in a recess in said insulating plate.

Abstract: An encapsulated PTC heater for a cold-start carburetor comprises a ceramic PTC wafer having ohmic terminal means on its opposite faces, and a thickened annular rim portion adapted to withstand appreciable clamping forces. The rim has portions of said ohmic terminal means. An annular metal holder assemblage has opposite ring portions overlying said thickened rim portion, and has ring-like contacts engaged with the rim portion to bring current thereto. One of the ring-like contacts is nested in an insulating annulus to isolate it from the remainder of the metal holder assemblage, and has a terminal lug extending through an insulating bushing to the exterior. The other ring-like contact is resilient in nature, and is clamped against the rim portion of the wafer by lugs of an annular metal housing constituting part of the holder assemblage.