Abstract: A heater includes an insulating base body; a resistor embedded in the insulating base body; and a lead embedded in the insulating base body and including one end connected to the resistor, and a terminal portion at another end thereof which is exposed from a surface of the insulating base body. The lead further includes a bent portion bent toward the terminal portion, and an aspect ratio in at least one cross section of the bent portion is larger than an aspect ratio in another cross section of the bent portion, the another cross section being positioned closer to the terminal portion than the at least one cross section of the bent portion.

Abstract: A heating device 10 includes a ceramic base 20, a resistance heating element 22, and a hollow shaft 40. The ceramic base 20 includes a central portion 20a and a peripheral portion 20b. The resistance heating element 22 is designed in such a manner that the density of heating in the central portion 20a is 1.4 to 2.0 times that in the peripheral portion 20b. The hollow shaft 40 includes a first section 41 and a second section 42. The thickness tb1 of the first section 41 is 6 to 10 mm. The thickness tb2 of the second section 42 is 0.3 to 0.5 times the thickness tb1 of the first section 41. The length of the first section 41 is 0.4 to 0/8 times the overall length of the hollow shaft 40.

Abstract: This invention relates to a flat heating element in particular for heating surfaces in contact with the user in the passenger compartment of a vehicle, comprising at least one electrical conductor. According to the invention, the electrical conductivity of at least one of these electrical conductors is at least temporarily reduced if the temperature thereof at least locally exceeds a permissible maximum temperature.

Abstract: Copper conductor members or other copper-base workpieces are welded using a suitable copper alloy material that is reactive with the joining surfaces of the copper members. The reactive metal material may be applied as a thin metal strip between assembled facing joining surfaces. The members are pressed together against the reactive material and heated. The combined pressure and heat enable the reactive material to react with facing workpiece material, to liquefy and remove oxides or the like that might inhibit the formation of a welded interface. The liquid, containing original reactive metal and byproducts, is squeezed from the interface of the workpieces to enable the formation of a solid-state weld between them without melting of un-reacted workpiece copper material.

Abstract: A glow plug including a pressure sensor (830) and a heater (150). The glow plug includes a position-defining member which defines the positional relationship between the pressure sensor (830) and the heater (150) and has a coefficient of thermal expansion greater than that of the heater. The pressure sensor (830) is fixed at a predetermined sensor reference position relative to the position-defining member. The heater (150) is held by a heater-holding member (820) in such manner that an attachment position A of the heater-holding member to the heater can be displaced, with a change in external pressure, relative to a predetermined heater reference position defined by the position-defining member. A displacement transmission member (840) is arranged between the heater (150) and the pressure sensor (830) so as to transmit displacement of the heater (150) to the pressure sensor (830).

Abstract: A heater for a display such as a liquid crystal display (LCD). The heater includes a transparent film, a transparent conductive layer formed on a surface of the transparent film, and an optically clear adhesive (OCA) disposed over the conductive layer. The heater may be laminated directly to a rear transparent (e.g., glass) plate of an LC cell of the LCD using the OCA in a manner that is substantially free of air gaps or bubbles between the heater and the LC cell. Front and rear polarizers may be respectively disposed on outside surfaces of the LC cell and the heater.

Abstract: A heating element arrangement for a vacuum heat treating furnace is disclosed. The heating element arrangement includes a central heating element array as well as first and second outboard heating element arrays spaced apart from and coaxially aligned with the central heating element array. The heating element arrangement also includes first and second end heating elements disposed at respective first and second end positions relative to the central heating element array and the first and second outboard heating element arrays. Power transformers are operatively connected to the central heating element array, to the first outboard heating element array and first end heating element array, and to the second outboard heating element array and second end heating element array for providing electric current to the respective heating element arrays.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a plane heating element which is supplied with power to generate heat. The plane heating element may include a support layer made of ceramic glass, a heat-generating layer which is formed by printing heat-generating paste on the upper surface of the support layer, and an insulating layer which is formed by applying insulating paste on the upper surface of the heat-generating layer. The heat generating paste may be dried and plasticized, and receives predetermined power to generate heat. The insulating paste may be dried and plasticized and may be configured to insulate the and prevent oxidation of the heat-generating layer. The present invention provides a strong adhesion with respect to a glass substrate and makes it possible to increase temperature up to a target level in a short time, and thus can be used as an effective printing method in various electric and electronic product fields.

Abstract: Provided is a ceramic heater having enhanced joining strength between a heater section and a cylindrical metal member and having enhanced durability. A ceramic heater includes a heater section including a ceramic body and a heat-generating resistor configured to be buried in the ceramic body, a metal layer which is on part of a surface of the ceramic body and is configured to apply electric current to the heater section, and a cylindrical metal member, and inner surface of one end thereof being joined to the metal layer with a brazing material interposed therebetween, wherein the cylindrical metal member includes a brazing material restraining portion in an end face of the one end thereof, the brazing material restraining portion having lower wettability to the brazing material than that of other portions of the end face of the one end.

Abstract: A material comprises: a first component having a first positive temperature coefficient of resistance characteristic; and a second component having a second positive temperature coefficient of resistance characteristic, the second positive temperature coefficient of resistance characteristic being different from the first positive temperature coefficient of resistance characteristic, the proportions of the two components being such that the material has a positive temperature coefficient of resistance characteristic which is a combination of the first and second positive temperature coefficient of resistance characteristics of the first and second components.

Abstract: An electrical heating element for vertical installation includes vertically suspended electrical resistance elements for the heating of furnaces in industrial operation, where each resistance element is formed of conductive legs, where along the length of the resistance elements are placed ceramic disks provided with holes, through which holes the relevant legs of the element pass. The ceramic disks are arranged between ceramic tubes and an upper metallic central rod is positioned within the ceramic tubes, which central rod supports the element and where the element is surrounded by a radiative tube. There are a number of upper ceramic tubes outside of the upper central rod with intermediate ceramic disks, and the central rod extends a certain distance down into the radiative tube.

Abstract: A heating resistor element component has a substrate and an adhesive layer provided on the substrate and including an adhesive and gap members arranged substantially uniformly in the adhesive. A heat storage layer is laminated on the substrate through intermediation of the adhesive layer so that the gap members maintain a distance between surfaces of the substrate and the heat storage layer constant. At least one heating resistor formed on the heat storage layer has a heating portion that generates heat. A cavity is provided in a region of the adhesive layer and interposed between the surfaces of the substrate and the heat storage layer. The cavity functions as a heat insulating layer for regulating an inflow of heat from the heat storage layer to the substrate.

Abstract: A combined metal PTC rapid electric heater for use in the electric heating field composes at least one electric heating device. The electric heating device composes a metal PTC tube which is covered by an electric heating tube body. The electric heating tube body composes two straight tubes and one C-shape tube. At one end of a straight tube is a wiring terminal and at another end of that is connected to a C-shape tube. Two straight tubes are connected together by using a C-shape tube. Thus, in this design only one combined metal PTC rapid electric heater is needed for area requiring two common electric heaters. Furthermore, this design can simplify wiring layout during installation since two wiring terminals are located in the same side.

Abstract: The de-fogging device and has an elongated heating element mounted within a housing. There is an elongated opening in the housing beneath the heating element for admission of air below the device and a second elongated opening in the housing above the heating element through which air heated by the heating element flows by convection. The device is mounted to a mirror or window and is positioned such that the heated air flows upwardly across the mirror or window. There is means for regulating the temperature of the heating element such that the heated air prevents any moisture in the air surrounding the mirror or window from condensing on it.

Abstract: An insulated conductor heater includes an electrical conductor that produce heats when an electrical current is provided to the electrical conductor. An inner electrical insulator at least partially surrounds the electrical conductor. The inner electrical insulator includes a first insulation material and a second insulation material. The second insulation material has a higher dielectric constant than the first insulation material. An outer electrical insulator at least partially surrounds the inner electrical insulator. The outer electrical insulator includes the first insulation material.

Abstract: A micro-heater according to example embodiments may include a metal line formed on a substrate. A deforming portion may be integrally formed as part of the metal line. A support may be positioned between the metal line and the substrate. The support may secure the metal line to the substrate while spacing the metal line apart from the substrate. When the metal line is expanded or compressed by the heating or cooling that occurs during the operation of the micro-heater, the deforming portion of the metal line may deform so as to help absorb the resulting tensile stress. As a result, the amount of tensile stress experienced by the metal line may be decreased. Accordingly, the possibility of breakage of the metal line may be reduced or prevented.

Abstract: The present invention provides an oven range. In the present invention, a method for coating an oxidation protective layer for a carbon/carbon composite, comprising: dissolving a polymer resin in a solvent to form a solution of polymer resin; dispersing ceramic powders in the solution of polymer resin to form a mixed solution; coating the mixed solution on a carbon fiber; performing a first heat-treatment to treat the carbon fiber by heat in air; and performing a second heat-treatment to treat the carbon fiber by heat under an inert gas.

Abstract: A uniform heating assembly including at least one first insulative substrate, at least one first common terminal, at least one second common terminal and a multiplicity of conductive filaments at least partially embedded in the at one insulative substrate and extending at least mainly along both electrically parallel and geometrically parallel paths between the at least one first common terminal and the at least one second common terminal.

Abstract: A heating element includes a continuous planar strip and a plurality of mounting members. A path of the continuous strip from a first end to a second end is circuitous and includes a plurality of repeating cycles, each of which includes a plurality of first straight segments, a plurality of second straight segments and a plurality of radiused segments. A length of the first straight segment is greater than a length of the second straight segment and an angular sum of a single cycle of the circuitous path is greater than 360 degrees. The heating element can be incorporated into a heating assembly for, as an example, semiconductor processing equipment.

Abstract: Isopotential heaters used in the preconcentration stage of sample detection systems are described. The heaters have at least two electrically conducting paths of which the resistances of the electrically conducting baths are substantially equal such that in use uniform heat distribution is achieved.

Abstract: A ceramic heater in which a heater pattern is formed on a ceramic substrate is disclosed. The heater pattern has a heating element and lead portions. The heating element has heating connection ends and the lead portions have lead connection ends. The heating element and the lead portions are connected at joints which are formed by overlaying the heating connection ends and the lead connection ends. The heater pattern, as viewed in a direction perpendicular to a plane in which the heater pattern is formed, has inwardly recessed concavities formed on both width wise sides of each of the joints. The concavities include portions in each of which a profile of the respective heating connection end crosses a profile of the respective lead connection end.

Abstract: The invention provides a flexible hot plate and cooking unit, with a temperature differential of at least 40° C. between the two sides of the unit comprising a heating element sandwiched between an upper and a lower layer of flexible material wherein said upper layer provides a temperature along its upper surface of at least 80° C. for heating an object placed thereon, and said lower layer is provided with a plurality of insulating air passages.

Abstract: A ceramic heater (12) includes a substrate (60) and a resistor element (30) buried in the substrate (60). The resistor element (30) includes a heat-generating portion (33), lead portions (31), and intermediate portions (40) located between the heat-generating portions (33) and the lead portions (31). The intermediate portions (40) are formed such that, when cross sections at arbitrary two points P1 and P2 along the axis XA direction are compared, both the diameter CL of an imaginary circumscribed circle CG containing cross sections of the resistor element 30 and the total cross sectional area HS of the cross sections become small in the front end side cross section as compared with those in the rear end side cross section.

Abstract: A toner-fixing heater includes a substrate elongated in a first direction, a resistor formed on the substrate, a wiring portion connected with the resistor, and a protective film covering the resistor. The resistor includes two belt-like portions elongated in the first direction and spaced away from each other in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction. The resistor or the wiring portion includes a conductive portion for passing an electric current in the second direction. The conductive portion may have an edge extending in nonparallel to the first direction and the second direction, or may include a first layer and a second layer formed on the first layer, where the first layer is closer to the substrate than the second layer, and the edges of the second layer are located inward of the edges of the first layer as viewed in the first direction.

Abstract: A heater includes at least one heating element having a resistance that varies non-linearly with respect to a temperature of the heating element. The heating element includes a first surface, a second surface opposite the first surface, a third surface extending between the first and second surfaces, and a fourth surface extending between the first and second surfaces, opposite the third surface. The heating element has a height defined between the first and second surfaces, and a width defined between the third and fourth surfaces, and wherein the width is less than the height. The heater also includes at least one electrode coupled to the first surface and configured to generate an electric field across the heating element and cause a current to flow through the heating element.

Abstract: Techniques for providing heat to a small area and apparatus capable of providing heat to a small area are provided.

Abstract: A vapor cell includes an interrogation cell in a substrate, the interrogation cell having an entrance window and an exit window, and a first transparent thin-film heater in thermal communication with the entrance window. The transparent thin-film heater has a first layer in communication with a first pole contact at a proximal end of the heater and a layer coupler contact at a distal end, a second layer in communication with a second pole contact at the proximal end, and the second layer electrically coupled to the layer coupler contact at the distal end. An insulating layer is sandwiched between the first and second layers. The insulating layer has an opening at the distal end to admit the layer coupler contact and to insulate the remainder of the second layer from the first layer.

Abstract: A heater is provided that includes a resistive layer formed by a layered process (e.g., thick film, thin film, thermal spray, and sol-gel) and two electrical lead wires connected to the resistive layer. The resistive layer has sufficient temperature coefficient of resistance characteristics such that the resistive layer is a heater element and a sensor, and the resistive layer is in communication with a two-wire controller through the two electrical lead wires. Preferably, the sensor is a temperature sensor, and the heater includes additional layers formed by layered processes.

Abstract: An electric heating module for a room air conditioning system and methods are presented in which the duty cycle of the electric heater banks are controlled to limit the inrush current during the startup phase of the heater or to supplement the heat generated by the heat pump when the heat capacity of the heat pump nears the heat loss of the room being heated.

Abstract: A resistive heating element 30 has a higher molybdenum carbide content in a central portion 35 than in a peripheral portion 34. Since molybdenum carbides have a low temperature coefficient of resistance compared to molybdenum, the amount of heat generated in the central portion 35 of the resistive heating element 30 does not increase as much as in the peripheral portion 34 even when the temperature is increased, and the increase in difference in temperature between the peripheral portion 34 and the central portion 35 can be suppressed. In other words, generation of hot spots near the center can be suppressed and a good uniform heating property in a wide range of operation temperatures can be obtained.

Abstract: Copper conductor members or other copper-base workpieces are welded using a suitable copper alloy material that is reactive with the joining surfaces of the copper members. The reactive metal material may be applied as a thin metal strip between assembled facing joining surfaces. The members are pressed together against the reactive material and heated. The combined pressure and heat enable the reactive material to react with facing workpiece material, to liquefy and remove oxides or the like that might inhibit the formation of a welded interface. The liquid, containing original reactive metal and byproducts, is squeezed from the interface of the workpieces to enable the formation of a solid-state weld between them without melting of un-reacted workpiece copper material.

Abstract: An electrical heat production device comprising a thin resistive layer sandwiched between a pair of plates having high thermal and electrical conductivity, the stack of layers being insulated around the side surfaces. When a voltage potential is applied across the plates in the disclosed electrical heat production device, an electrical current flows across the resistive layer producing heat within the resistive layer that is conducted through the plates and across the outer surfaces of the plates. A guard heater can be positioned adjacent to one of the outer plate surfaces to bias the heat flow from the resistive layer toward the opposite outer plate surface, such that the apparatus can have a single planar heating surface.

Abstract: An electric heating blanket including a flexible sheet-like heating element and a shell. The shell covers the heating blanket an includes two sheets of flexible material welded together.

Abstract: The invention provides a planar element which is intrinsically heatable and which is particularly suitable for attachment to multi-dimensionally curved surfaces. For this purpose the planar element features particularly high deformability, achieved in accordance with the invention through a planar element having a layer sequence comprising a heating layer and a contacting layer, each of these two layers being composed of a polymeric material based on elastomers and/or on plastic polymers which have a particular elongation at break and at the same time a particular tensile elasticity modulus. Furthermore, the invention provides an adhesively bonded assembly comprising a bonding substrate and a planar element of the aforesaid kind, a method of producing a planar element of the aforesaid kind, and the use of such a planar element for heating an adhesively bonded assembly.

Abstract: A multiple stage open coil electrical resistance heater uses a unique coil configuration on either side of a dividing support plate so that the air passing through the heater is heated uniformly when one or more stages of the heater are energized. The coil configuration also creates a termination zone on one side of the heater so that the terminations of the coils can be situated on the cool side of the heater. The heater coils also includes specially configured terminals to facilitate connection to power using an elongated member such as a stud or bolt.

Abstract: A heating element includes a base material and a heater disposed on the base material, which can be deformed to accommodate a part of the heater. A steering wheel equipped with the heating element is free from surface protrusions caused by the heater. Employment of a linear heater reduces connections between the heater and power supply lines, and a high connecting reliability is obtained. The steering wheel includes the heating element and the power lines, and connections between the heating element and the power lines are disposed in the boss portion of the steering wheel. The steering wheel is further provided with a temperature detector, a temperature detector heater and a temperature controller, and the detector and the detector heater are disposed in the boss portion. Thus, a steering wheel with a good grip and a good appearance can be provided at a low cost.

Abstract: A system includes a control switch and a control module. The control switch is configured to drive current through an electrical load in a closed state, and disconnect the electrical load from a power supply in an open state. The control module is configured to connect to a thermostat switch that operates in one of an open state or a closed state based on a temperature of the thermostat switch. The control module is further configured to control a state of the control switch based on a state of the thermostat switch and detect a fault in the control switch based on the state of the thermostat switch and a voltage across the control switch.

Abstract: A front cover for a vehicle lighting fixture is attached to the front opening part of the vehicle lighting fixture having a lamp body and a light source installed in the lamp body. A part of the surface of the front cover opposed to the light source includes a heating element having a three-dimensional curved surface. The heating element includes a mesh pattern having intersections of a large number of grids formed of conductive metallic filaments and a first electrode and a second electrode formed at both opposed ends of the mesh pattern. The projection shape of the outline of the entire mesh pattern is formed in a rectangular shape having the longitudinal direction, for example, between the first electrode and the second electrode.

Abstract: A heating unit for use in heating buckets or barrels. The heating unit includes a first pliable cover layer and a second pliable cover layer. A pliable electrical heating element is disposed between the first and the second cover layers and configured to convert electrical energy to heat energy and to distribute the heat energy. The pliable electrical heating element includes a heat generating element for converting electrical current to heat energy and a heat spreading element comprising carbon thermally coupled to the heat generating element. The heating unit further includes a thermal insulation layer. The heating unit includes a receiving power connector electrically connected to the heat generating element. The heating unit further includes one or more fasteners allowing the heating unit to be wrapped around a bucket or barrel and secured by the one or more fasteners.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a kinetic-sprayed resistor for use in a heater, the method including kinetic spraying a powder in a pattern on an electrically-insulating substrate to create a resistive coating on the substrate in the pattern. A kinetic-sprayed resistor for use in a heater having been fabricated via the aforementioned method. A heater including the aforementioned kinetic-sprayed resistor, wherein the resistor is connectable to a power source to generate heat when electrical current runs through the resistor.

Abstract: This invention relates to a flat heating element (20), in particular for heating surfaces in contact with the user in the passenger compartment of a vehicle, comprising at least one electrical conductor (25). According to the invention, the electrical conductivity of at least one of these electrical conductors (25) is at least temporarily reduced if the temperature thereof at least locally exceeds a permissible maximum temperature.

Abstract: The image heating apparatus includes first and second lines having a first and second heat generation blocks, the first and second lines being disposed at different positions in a transverse direction, wherein the first and second lines are arranged so that a whole of first heat generation block in the first line and a whole of second heat generation block in the second line overlap with each other in the longitudinal direction, and a whole of second heat generation block in the first line and a whole of first heat generation block in the second line overlap with each other in the longitudinal direction. By the virtue of the present invention, it achieves to be capable of suppressing a temperature rise in a non-sheet feeding area in a case of printing a sheet smaller in size than a maximum size supported by the image heating apparatus.

Abstract: A method for use in determining the thickness of a layer of interest in a multi-layer structure. A first electrode is positioned in contact with a first surface of the multi-layer structure, and a second electrode is positioned in contact with a second surface of the multi-layer structure. The second surface is substantially opposite the first surface. The first electrode is pressed against the multi-layer structure at a predetermined sampling pressure, and the structure is optionally adjusted to a predetermined sampling temperature. The electrical impedance between the first electrode and the second electrode is measured.

Abstract: A low resistance electric heating system comprising a low resistance electric conducting material being formed into an electric heating element 10 in two flat spiraled sections 10a and 10b covering almost all the area to be heated, comprising a low resistance electric conducting material with sufficient resistance to generate heat. The flat spiraled sections 10a and 10b of the electric heating element 10 are spirally configured, so that the heat generating current flows in the same direction and not in opposition in each of the flat spiraled sections 10a and 10b. The centre 10c of each of the flat spiraled sections 10a and 10b of the electric heating element 10 are electrically connected to each other in series. The flat spiraled sections 10a and 10b are connected to the controlled power supply 11 at the outer part of the flat spiral 10d, completing the circuit.

Abstract: This heating cartridge (1) includes a thermally conductive tube (2) to be immersed in a thermo-expandable substance of the thermostatic element, electric heating element (3), arranged inside the tube and provided with wires for conducting an electric current supplied by an external current source, and connection element between the wires and ports (7) powered by the external current source, these connection element comprising a support base (4) integral with the tube. In order to facilitate the electric connection between the wires and the ports and make it more reliable, the connection element comprise coupling pieces (6), supported by the support base and designed to pinch each port against the corresponding wire.

Abstract: A more comfortable seat is provided by detecting whether or not a person is in a seat. A seat has a heating element 1, a seat surface temperature detector 5 that is situated below a seat surface cover and that detects the temperature of the seat surface, and a seating determination unit 6 for determining whether or not a seat is occupied. A determination is made as to whether or not a seat is occupied according to an amount of temperature change detected by the seat surface temperature detector 5 for a predetermined period of time, whereby a determination can be readily made as to whether or not a person is seated. When no one is seated, application of power to the heating element 1 is stopped, and the like, which in turn contributes to energy saving and enhancement of fuel efficiency.

Abstract: A method of coating a carbon nanotube material with a solventless coating composition is described. The resulting coating has been shown to preserve the conductivity of the conductive layer and protect the conductive layer from the effects of subsequent coating compositions. Examples are shown in which the coating formulation comprises a polyol and an isocyanate. A layer material comprising a polyurethane coating on a carbon nanotube network layer is also described.

Abstract: The present application is directed to a composition for generating heat from an applied current, comprising a mixture of graphite particles and dielectric particles. The graphite particles have a diameter from 1 to 1500 microns. The dielectric particles have a diameter from 1 to 1500 microns. The mixture has a resistivity from 0.015 ohm-meters to 2.3 megaohm-meters. The mixture is incorporated into heat generation devices and exchange devices. The devices include at least one pair of electrodes disposed within the mixture to direct an applied current through the mixture to resistively heat the mixture.

Abstract: The invention relates to a planar heat generating element for use on steering wheels of automotive vehicles and motorboats, and a problem of the invention is to adjust a temperature portion of a planar heat generating element which is attached to a steering wheel, so as to enhance the sensation of using the steering wheel by the user when he or she grips thereon.

Abstract: A honeycomb structure 1 of the present invention includes: a cylindrical cell structure 2 having porous partition walls and a plurality of cells separated and formed by the partition walls and functioning as fluid passages, and an outer peripheral coat layer 3 disposed so as to cover the outer periphery of the cell structure 2, and the outer peripheral coat layer 3 has an outer peripheral coat portion 6 disposed so as to cover the outer periphery of the cell structure 2 and a protruding portion protruding outside from an end face 8 of the cell structure 2 and disposed so as to cover the outside portion on the end face 8 of the cell structure 2. In the honeycomb structure 1 of the present invention, the outer peripheral coat layer 3 is effectively inhibited from being damaged and peeled.