Abstract: Novel processes for incorporating anti-scalant agents having acidic functionalities in zero-P or low phosphate built powder detergents to provide an automatic dishwashing detergent of improved solubility.

Abstract: Whiskers having a diameter of 0.1-10 .mu.m and a length of 5-200 .mu.m are pelletized and granulated into agglomerates which have a size of 0.1-10 mm and a bulk density of 0.2-1.0 kg/liter.To pelletize, powders of whiskers are moistened with water while mixing to form primary aggregates. Then, the powders and the primary aggregates are subjected to a rolling movement to cause the primary aggregates to grow into secondary aggregates having desired size distribution. Finally, the secondary aggregates are dried to obtain pelletized or granulated agglomerates of whiskers.Handling of whiskers is facilitated because the agglomerates are less bulky and less likely to fly up in the air. When blended into molding materials for fiber reinforcement, however, the agglomerates are readily disintegrated back into separated individual fibers to provide homogeneous dispersion.

Abstract: Provided is a process for preparing alumina agglomerates which comprises:(i) treating agglomerates of active alumina with an aqueous medium comprising at least one acid making it possible to dissolve at least part of the alumina and at least one compound providing an anion capable of combining with aluminum ions in solution,(ii) subjecting the agglomerates to a hydrothermal treatment at a temperature in the range of from about 80.degree. C. to about 250.degree. C., and then(iii) thermally activating the agglomerates at a temperature in the range of about 500.degree. C. to about 1100.degree. C.The resulting alumina agglomerates possess exceptional mechanical strength, heat resistance and hydrothermal resistance and are useful as catalysts or catalyst supports.

Abstract: A method for fast cooling granules of low melting point, subliming substances obtained by a prilling process. The granules are in the shape of a plurality of droplets having diameters of 0.5. to 4 mm and are formed from a prilling column with the droplets partially solidified by means of a countercurrent air cooling. The partially solidified particles are received in an inert liquid in which the substance is insoluble. The liquid also has a lower boiling point than the melting point of this substance. The solidified particles are separated from the liquid before being completely cooled so that their remaining heat content evaporates any residual liquid from the particles.

Abstract: Nitrogen compounds are a source of soil acidity. In addition nitrates are a major factor in the leaching of other nutrient salts from soils. These salts are then replaced by the available hydrogen ions, rendering the soil even more acidic. Besides supplying nutrients, a desirable fertilizer should offset changes in soil acidity brought about by nitrification. Calcium carbonate accomplishes this. Unfortunately it has not been possible commercially to include calcium carbonate in a fertilizer. If CaCO.sub.3 particles are ground too large they do not dissolve along with the agricultural fertilizer nutrients. If CaO.sub.3 is pulverized to a state necessary for dissolution, because of its hygroscopic properties, it hardens or cakes. It is not sufficiently stable in admixture with the other fertilizer materials for commercial distribution. Herein a fertilizer is provided which improves the condition of the soil, and stimulates microbial activity in the soil.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a zeolite agglomeration process and product. Zeolite particles are blended with a filler and preferably a surfactant and then agglomerated in a rotary agglomerator with a zeolite binder to form an agglomerate with about 5-70 parts by wgt. zeolite and, after drying, excellent mechanical strength and flowability with good solubilization/dispersion in aqueous solution. The zeolite agglomerate is preferably combined into a granular detergent in a second agglomeration step where the zeolite agglomerate is combined with other detergent components and sprayed with a detergent binder, the granular detergent being characterized by uniform density and particle size with minimum segregation and dusting. Both the zeolite agglomeration and detergent agglomeration steps are characterized by energy efficiency.

Abstract: A process for producing sodium perborate monohydrate agglomerates or granules in which primary particles of sodium perborate monohydrate produced from sodium perborate tetrahydrate by a dehydration process are subjected to compacting pressing agglomeration, and the resulting agglomerates are subsequently comminuted to granules.

Abstract: Whiskers having a diameter of 0.1-10 .mu.m and a length of 5-200 .mu.m are pelletized and granulated into agglomerates which have a size of 0.1-10 mm and a bulk density of 0.2-1.0 kg/liter.To pelletize, powders of whiskers are moistened with water while mixing to form primary aggregates. Then, the powders and the primary aggregates are subjected to a rolling movement to cause the primary aggregates to grow into secondary aggregates having desired size distribution. Finally, the secondary aggregates are dried to obtain pelletized or granulated agglomerates of whiskers.Handling of whiskers is facilitated because the agglomerates are less bulky and less likely to fly up in the air. When blended into molding materials for fiber reinforcement, however, the agglomerates are readily disintegrated back into separated individual fibers to provide homogeneous dispersion.

Abstract: A pelletized form of silica which is sufficiently dust free and highly dispersible in rubber formulations. The pelletized silica is produced by a process which involves pelletizing a mixture of silica and water in an inclined mixer and drying the pelletized product in a fluidized bed dryer.

Abstract: A hydrated calcium hypochlorite agglomerated particle is provided that is produced in a turbine agglomerator and has a plurality of connecting links of recrystallized material bridging the small particles forming the agglomerate which has therein a plurality of pores created by the substantial evaporation of the layer of surface liquid. The surface tension and adhesion forces of the layer of surface liquid at least partially holds the agglomerated particle together prior to drying.

Abstract: Agglomerated particle size of ceramic materials is controlled by accurate determination of the proper final point of agglomeration. A part of a suspension in a cylindrical agitating region having agitation blades is circulated through a pipe having at least one transparent portion, the suspension which flows through the transparent pipe is irradiated with a light, preferably a laser beam and the final point of agglomeration is calculated based on the change in quantity of the transmitted light and/or the change in acoustic emission generated in the agitating region, thereby to stop the agglomeration.

Abstract: Permanganate-containing pellets for gradual release or permanganate comprise an integrated body of a hydratable, self-curing cement in cured, hydrated form, and finely-divided particles of a water-soluble permanganate salt in substantially uniform distribution therein. The pellets are formed from a mixture of the permanganate salt, hydratable self-curing mineral cement, and water.

Abstract: Uniform spherical granules are produced from powder raw material without utilizing an agglomerating liquid by repeatedly and alternately compacting a dry powder raw material within a granulating vessel to cohesively form agglomerates of the material and fluidizing the powder material within the vessel to break up and form the agglomerates gradually into a uniform spherical shape.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to articles of manufacture comprising solid compacts, formed at elevated pressures, from homogenous, finely divided powders of spray dried water soluble inorganic compounds. The solid compacts are characterized by their readily water dissolvable, substantially nondusting and dense nature.

Abstract: Conventional presintering and reaction presintering processes for the production of ceramic powders yield products exhibiting an undesired primary particle size distribution along with localized distribution of impurities, which give rise to the formulation of undesired duplex structures during final sintering.In order to avoid formation of undesired duplex structures within sintered ceramic parts a process and a device for producing ceramic powders based on single- or multi-phase metal oxides (including SiO.sub.2 - compounds), exhibiting a narrow particle size distribution, i.e. with a maximum deviation of the primary crystal size (REM) of +/- 0.75 .mu.m, preferentially less than +/- 0.25 .mu.m, within an average particle size of 0.05 up to 10.0 .mu.m, is conceived. The raw feed material exhibits a specific surface area of 0.05 up to 500 m.sup.2 /g (BET), preferentially 5.0 up to 50 m.sup.

Abstract: An agglomerating process and an apparatus therefor for preparation of sinter mix having the basis of kneading with vibration to make raw feed in capillary state and then agglomerating the kneaded material with tumbling vibration. By using the particular process, apparatus and various kinds of raw feeds, sintering characteristics of the product shows superiority in size distribution, permeability, strength, and activities, resulting cost, power and material consumptions of the process are remarkably improved.

Abstract: A method of melt granulation for powdery material is disclosed wherein the powdery material is discharged onto the upper surface of a heated rotary spreader for migration under centrifugal force to the periphery of the spreader accompanying by melting of a portion of the material and enrobing of non-melted particles by the melted material for discharge as enlarged granules from the periphery of the spreader. To improve the quality of the granules produced, the feed material is supplied to the spreader at two separate locations. The first location is the central portion of the spreader to provide the melted material and the second location is adjacent to the periphery of the spreader. The spreader is preferably in the form of a concave bowl or inverted truncated cone or dish.

Abstract: A hydrated calcium hypochlorite agglomerated particle is provided that is produced in a turbine agglomerator and has a plurality of connecting links of recrystallized material bridging the small particles forming the agglomerate which has therein a plurlaity of pores created by the substantial evaporation of the layer of surface liquid. The surface tension and adhesion forces of the layer of surface liquid at least partially holds the agglomerated particle together prior to drying.

Abstract: The spray drying of a solution containing hydrogen peroxide and sodium metaborate to obtain primary particles which are immediately conveyed after leaving the drying zone to a granulating device and are then granulated in the presence of free and/or perborate water of crystallization. The granulated materials are dried, if necessary. The generally amorphous primary particles are converted into granulated materials with at least partially crystalline structure and significantly improved shelf life. The work is performed with advantage in a spray dryer with integrated fluid bed or in a compressing granulating device. The method is suitable for preparing perborate granulated materials with an active oxygen content of over 10% by weight, especially perborate monohydrate granular materials with 14 to 16% by weight active oxygen. A rapidly dissolving product is produced with an acceptable apparent weight for ease in packaging.

Abstract: An apparatus suitable for making a granular absorbent from cellulosic fibrous material includes a housing which defines an elongated internal cavity, and an inlet and an outlet communicating with the internal cavity. A rotatably driven shaft extends within the cavity of the housing, with the apparatus including an impeller arrangement mounted on the shaft for rotation therewith. The impeller arrangement includes resiliently flexible bristles which cooperate with the interior surface of the internal cavity for effecting agitation, blending, and agglomeration of the cellulosic fibrous feed stock. A pellet-like granular absorbent is produced.

Abstract: A pelletized form of silica which is sufficiently dust free and highly dispersible in rubber formulations. The pelletized silica is produced by a process which involves pelletizing a mixture of silica and water in an inclined mixer and drying the pelletized product in a fluidized bed dryer.

Abstract: The invention is a process for manufacturing an iodophor filler for a lavatory cleaning cake. The process involves mixing in a dry-mixer means or "Turbulizer" a dry filler composition. The dry filler composition contains an adsorbent and the dry-mixer means provides a uniform turbulent flow of the dry filler composition as the composition passes through the dry-mixer means. The method then involves wetting the dry filler composition with a liquid iodophor while the composition is in the uniform turbulent flow. Agglomerating of the wetted filler composition then occurs within a controlled residence time of the wetted filler composition in the dry-mixer means whereby the iodophor is substantially, uniformly distributed throughout the dry filler composition. The dry filler composition, desirably, includes both a dry adsorbent and a dry absorbent. This invention includes the product of the process.

Abstract: Residue produced by incineration of commercial, industrial or municipal waste is treated on-site at the point of generation or storage. Moist residue, such as incinerator bottom ash, is mixed in a multi-segment rotary drum with a heavy metals treatment agent in a first section of the drum. An aggregation agent is added to the mixture, and the mixture separates under the shearing force imposed by the rotating drum into individual pieces which are rolled into balls. A cementitious coating material is added to coat the balls, and the coated balls are classified by size. The classified coated balls are conveyed to a bagging plant, where they are packaged in flexible containers formed from material selected to retard water loss, and tagged with identifying information. Toxic contaminants such as cadmium, lead and mercury are immobilized in the cured balls, which can be used as a construction aggregate. Leaching of heavy metals from the incinerator residue is strongly inhibited by the process.

Abstract: The invention disclosed by this application relates to a novel method of processing sinterable powders into sintered ceramic products. This application also relates to novel forms of aluminum oxide, hydroxylapatite, and tricalcium phosphate ceramic products prepared in accordance with the method of this invention, as well as novel intermediate products useful to prepare the novel ceramic products of this invention.

Abstract: By agglomeration in a high speed mixer spherical granules having a desired granule size distribution are obtained by supplying the agglomeration liquid by means of an atomizer wheel axially positioned in the high speed mixer and by controlling the quantity and evaporation of said liquid in consideration of the changes occurring with respect to water binding ability of the agglomerates during compaction. An apparatus for carrying out the method includes a mixer bowl with an impeller on a central shaft through the bottom of the bowl and an atomizer with an atomizer wheel with its shaft in alignment with the shaft of the impeller.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of granules by spray-drying of an aqueous suspension having a solids content of greater than/equal to 30% and containing at least one dye, fluorescent brightener or photoactivator and one condensation product from naphthalenesulfonic acid and formaldehyde and, if necessary, further auxiliaries and/or diluents. The spray-drying is carried out at a feed pressure of 50-150 bar, the residual moisture content of the product is less than 4%, and the granules obtained are in particular very pressure resistant and abrasion resistant.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a zeolite agglomeration process and product. Zeolite particles are blended with a filler and preferably a surfactant and then agglomerated in a rotary agglomerator with a zeolite binder to form an agglomerate with about 5-70 parts by wgt. zeolite and, after drying, excellent mechanical strength and flowability with good solubilization/dispersion in aqueous solution. The zeolite agglomerate is preferably combined into a granular detergent in a second agglomeration step where the zeolite agglomerate is combined with other detergent components and sprayed with a detergent binder, the granular detergent being characterized by uniform density and particle size with minimum segregation and dusting. Both the zeolite agglomeration and detergent agglomeration steps are characterized by energy efficiency.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for the formation of granules of a larger size or mass of a desired range from a feed stock of smaller particles comprising feeding a meltable powdery material to be granulated, or a non-meltable powdery material with a meltable binder to the surface of a rotating spreader means in the form of a disk or bowl, at least a portion of which has been heated to a temperature above the melting point of the meltable component of the feed material wherein the rate of feeding, the energy input to the spreader means and the rotational speed of the spreader means are controlled so that there is sufficient time for at least a partial melting of the meltable component of the feed material substantially solely by contact with the heated surface of the spreader means, centrifugally spreading the material across the surface of the disk or bowl and dispersing the same from the edge thereof into an atmosphere cooler than the melting temperature to form the granulated product.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for preparing free flowing powders of nonpigmentary titanium dioxide granular aggregates. The process comprises the providing of dried preforms of flocculated pigmentary titanium dioxide and the comminution thereof to powders of granular aggregates of enhanced bulk density and predetermined particle size.

Abstract: One or more powders are placed in a leaktight vessel (12) having a substantially vertical axis and comprising a bottom blade rotating about an axis parallel to the axis of said vessel, and a spheronizing tool (28) having a substantially discoidal rotating form; said powders are mutually mixed by means of the rotation of said bottom blade, and a binder solution is added thereto. The composition of mixed powders thus added to is spheronized by immersing said spheronizing tool (28) in said composition and causing it to rotate simultaneously with said blade (18).

Abstract: A method for forming strong and durable pellets from dust collected from stack gases. The dust includes CaSO.sub.3, CaSO.sub.4 and unreacted CaD. A portion of water required for total hydration with the dust is blended in a mixer. The moistened powder is stored in a conditioning container wherein the moistened powder is chemically reacted and heated to form a hydroxide with the oxides in the powder. Water is added to the hydrates and the wetted hydrates are subjected to an intense second mixing. The wetted hydrates are then pelletized in a pelletizer.

Abstract: The prior-art CO.sub.2 adsorbent masses used in oxygen-supplying respirators have the disadvantage that they can be granulated only very poorly. The granules have low strength and a tendency to dusting. The goal of the present invention is to produce harder granules which do not give rise to dusting any longer. This is achieved according to the present invention by adding an alkali salt of an oxo acid, preferably sodium hexametaphosphate, to the calcium hydroxide paste prior to the granulation. The present invention is not limited to this salt, but it is also possible to use alkali salts or other oxo acids, such as orthophosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, hypermanganic acid, chromic acid, and vanadic acid. This leads to a substantial increase in the strength to the calcium hydroxide granules without any reduction of their CO.sub.2 binding capacity.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of treating power station residues in the form of bulk material, particularly the filter ash from power stations, by hydrating the lime content by adding moisture and by further wetting of the bulk material, with an opportunity for constantly feeding in material to be processed and discharging processed material, and also to an apparatus for carrying out the method. In order to provide a method and an apparatus by which large quantities of power stations residues (ash) can be quickly and safely treated at economic and comparatively low cost, it is according to the invention proposed that the bulk material supplied should pass through a succession of different spatially substantially separate treatment zones be moved mechanically at adjustable intensity throughout the entire process, be differently treated in each treatment zone, be caused to react and transported along a reaction line under control.

Abstract: Low bulk density, soda ash-based, nonphosphate laundry detergents are prepared by (a) loading nonaqueous liquid surfactant onto substantially anhydrous, hydratable soda ash particles, (b) turbulently dispersing the surfactant-loaded particles into an inert gaseous medium while wetting the dispersed particles with an atomized stream of dilute aqueous sodium silicate or with separate atomized streams of water and concentrated aqueous sodium silicate, and (c) recovering the resultant particulate detergent. Preferably, natural soda ash is used in the process, and both nonionic and anionic surfactants are loaded onto the soda ash, in that order.

Abstract: Colored plastic granules are obtained by mixing plastic granules with particles of a colouring agent composition until the coloring agent composition particles are attached to the surface of the plastic granules. The coloring agent composition particles used are substantially spherical; in the particles the coloring agent, such as a pigment, is completely wetted with the carrier present in the composition. The method includes a mixing step in which granules to be coated are mixed, substantially at ambient temperature, with colouring agent composition particles. During mixing the temperature is controlled to remain below the melting temperature of the carrier use.

Abstract: A crystallizer which incorporates a lamella settler and which is particularly applicable for use in batteries and power cells for electric vehicles or stationary applications. The lamella settler can be utilized for coarse particle separation or for agglomeration, and is particularly applicable to aluminum-air batteries or power cells for solving the hydrargillite (aluminum-hydroxide) removal problems from such batteries. This invention provides the advantages of very low energy consumption, turbulence, shear, cost and maintenance. Thus, due to the low shear and low turbulence of this invention, it is particularly effective in the control of aluminum hydroxide particle size distribution in the various sections of an aluminum-air system, as well as in other electrochemical systems requiring separation for phases of different densities.

Abstract: Compositions suitable for use as detergents comprise a non-silicate-coated alkali metal phosphate salt hydrated to at least about 50% by weight, and an inorganic salt selected from alkali metal carbonates and sulfates. The compositions for use in, e.g. dishwashing, have improved solubility and dispersion characteristics.

Abstract: The spray drying of a solution containing hydrogen peroxide and sodium metaborate to obtain primary particles which are immediately conveyed after leaving the drying zone to a granulating device and are then granulated in the presence of free and/or perborate water of crystallization. The granulated materials are dried, if necessary. The generally amorphous primary particles are converted into granulated materials with at least partially crystalline structure and significantly improved shelf life. The work is performed with advantage in a spray dryer with integrated fluid bed or in a compressing granulating device. The method is suitable for preparing perborate granulated materials with over 10% by wt., especially perborate monohydrate granular materials with 14-16% by wt. active oxygen.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and apparatus for extracting gold from gold ore. The apparatus and process save capital and operating costs in the extracting of gold from gold ore and include comminution and leaching of the ore, and more particularly the apparatus and process reduce the costs for the ore grinding, and make a fine ore grinding superfluous without having to accept a reduction in the gold yield during leaching. The gold ore is subjected to a product bed stressing and interparticle crushing in the nip of a high-pressure roller press before being leached and the product that has been product-bed-comminuted and subjected to interparticle crushing and the product agglomerates thereby formed are piled on a heap that is sprayed with a lixivium.

Abstract: An improved process for economically and effectively granulating solid, finely-divided, particulate feedstock comprising phosphogypsum, limestone, or mixtures comprising sulfogypsum, natural or mineral gypsum, or mixtures thereof and limestone and having from about 80 to 95 percent by weight of such sulfogypsum/mineral gypsum to effect products which exhibit excellent physical and chemical properties relative to dustiness, storage, handling, and perhaps most importantly, aqueous media-induced rapidity of reversion to a mesh-size distribution of particles substantially similar to the initial size distribution of said feedstock, which improved process involves introducing such relatively finely-divided feedstock, together with material comprising recycle thereof into a suitable agglomeration device, such as a rotary drum, and therein effecting agglomeration/granulation of such feedstock in the presence of aqueous media, the improvement comprising the utilization, in combination with said aqueous media, of relat

Abstract: Magnesia pellets are formed from finely-divided, highly reactive, lightburned magnesia (MgO) particles by granulating such powders in conventional equipment using either an organic liquid or an organic liquid-binder mixture. The organic liquid may be an alcohol or a ketone the alkyl groups of which, independently, can have from 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Magnesium chloride and water are among disclosed binders which may be used in combination with said organic liquid. The organic liquid should be more than about 80% of any admixtures with water.

Abstract: A device for preparing a very homogeneous and finely divided fine-ceramics mass from ceramic raw materials, liquids, aggregates, and similar materials, whereby the starting materials are finely ground, and liquid is added and later partly removed. The starting materials are ground dry or moist and all or some of the starting materials are first allowed to fall free in and through an upright container while being contacted with all or some of the liquid, which is injected in subject to turbulence, and then agglomerated into a granulate.

Abstract: The invention relates to a delayed release laundering additive. The invention comprises a carrier comprising one or more water soluble modified cellulose materials which holds one or more antifoam and a process for the manufacture thereof. Optionally, the invention comprises a conventional laundry detergent in admixture with the antifoam agent or agents held on the carrier.

Abstract: A method for making spherical particles, which includes:(a) kneading powdered raw material, preferably a refractory inorganic material, liquid and wax to form a dough/agglomerated granules,(b) separating, preferably by sieving, the dough/agglomerated granules to a predetermined size fraction without extruding, and(c) spheridizing the granules in a heated rotating bowl.The method is particularly useful for the production of catalysts from refractory inorganic materials.

Abstract: Pyrogenically prepared silicic acid is compressed by a rotary filter equipped with a pressing band.

Abstract: A process for producing desired sized product granules characterized by dispensing on a flat moving horizontal bed product particulates from a heat exchange assembly, then mixing the product particulates with seed material by a mixing means for a period of time to produce the desired sized product granules.

Abstract: A process for producing shaped, agglomerated, particulate solids, by combining finely divided solids with a polymeric binder solution and curing the combination with polyvalent metal cations; and the products of such process.

Abstract: The use of combination granulates consisting of metasilicate and silica in detergent products. These combination granulates can particularly be used as anti-redeposition and antisoiling agents in detergent compositions for washing laundry.

Abstract: Agglomeration of particles of a pulverulent water-soluble material is achieved by conveying a layer of the material on a porous surface towards which a laminar flow of heated humid air is directed. A reduced pressure is applied from beneath the porous surface for drawing the heated humid air to contact the conveyed material for a time sufficient for fusing particles of the material at micropores formed at points of contact between the surfaces of the particles.

Abstract: A process for granulating finely divided particulate sulfate or chloride salts of potassium to produce therefrom agricultural products having exceptionally satisfactory physical and chemical properties in regard to bulk blending with other fertilizer blend materials and also in regard to storage and handling properties. The instant methods involve introducing fine-sized, particulate feedstock together with recycle material into a conventional granulator and granulating the solids with use of a water solution comprised of the potassium salt to be granulated and portions of lignosulfonate, which solution has been found to bind the solids material together in a manner and form highly desirable. Drying of the resulting granulation material is required. Nominal grades of the sulfate and chloride granular products are about 47 and 57 percent by weight K.sub.2 O equivalent, respectively.