Abstract: Providing a reliable, durable external storage apparatus that is capable of disposing a sensor for fingerprint authentication on its surface of the housing with a simple structure. With respect to a memory substrate 12 to be mounted a semiconductor memory 21, an image sensor 20 on which a sensing surface 20a is provided for fingerprint authentication is mounted at a surface on the opposite side to a surface where a connector 24 is mounted so as to dispose the image sensor 20 directly under a window 31. By adapting a structure such that a protective plate 13C of the substrate holder 13 is held by a holding section 58 in a vertical direction, the memory substrate 12 is protected from damages by external force acting on the substrate holder 13.

Abstract: A voting system for storing voter input data on a voter selection card, which is capable of storing data for a plurality of candidates, and the system, subsequently, prints a ballot marked in accordance with data on the voter selection card. A voter-assist terminal receives a blank voter selection card, and then presents candidate selection options to the voter visually by means of an LCD touch screen menu and aurally by means of a synthesized speech menu. Candidate selections entered by means of the touch screen menu or by means of the audio menu are stored on the voter selection card, and the voter selection card is returned to the voter to take to a reader terminal. The reader terminal sends the stored data on the voter selection card to an attached printer which prints a marked ballot corresponding to the voter's selections. The ballot is inserted in a ballot scanning device, wherein the ballot is tallied and deposited in a locked ballot box.

Abstract: Disclosed are a system and method of voting via an interactive television system. In a particular embodiment, the method includes identifying data embedded within video content sent to a set-top box device via an access network of an Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) system, the data indicating a voting event related to the video content. The method also includes sending data related to a voting indicator to the set-top box device, wherein the voting indicator includes a selectable indicator of an option to cast a vote related to the video content. The method also includes determining whether payment information is required in order to accept a vote related to the video content. The method also includes sending data related to a voting interface to the set-top box device and receiving a voting selection from the set-top box device.

Abstract: A method and form for an integrated voting system includes a single sheet having ballot information, verification information and mailing information thereon. The sheet is folded to form various panels including a first and a second panel having ballot information thereon. Sealing means is provided on one of the first and second panels and located to obscure the ballot information from view when used seal the first and the second panels. A verification panel is attached to the first and said second ballot panels to provide for verification. A first mailing panel is attached to one of the first and the second ballot panel and said verification panel to form an outer mailing envelope such that the ballot panels and verification panel can be mailed to a voting authority for processing. The panels may be of different heights to facilitate processing by a voting authority.

Abstract: The present invention is an ink-based electronic voting apparatus that generates a paper ballot for every voter. The voter marks a ballot with a probe as he/she would with a conventional ink-based system. In one embodiment, the paper ballot is situated underneath the surface of an input board electrically connected to a computer. A vote is cast when the probe is depressed onto the ballot at a designated input point. The electrical interaction between the probe and the input board generates a vote signal for recording and causes ink to be released from the probe to mark a corresponding spot on the paper ballot. As such, votes are electronically recorded for fast tabulation while paper ballots are generated for manual and/or optical scanner recounts to safeguard against computer errors and tampering. Furthermore the voting apparatus has a built-in mechanism to prevent undervoting and overvoting and thus increases valid votes.

Abstract: An interactive voter choice system providing voters mechanisms they can use to play more pro-active roles in influencing elections and policy-making by elected representatives in representative bodies than the relatively passive roles ascribed to them in the typical rules and regulations governing these elections, namely mechanisms that enable them to specify in written policy agendas their preferred policy options chosen from a comprehensive database of policy options, transmit their agendas to provide information and instructions to candidates for office, elected representatives and others; request candidates and representatives to use the comprehensive database to specify their preferred policy options in written agendas; and use voters' own agendas to build consensus, coalitions and voting blocs that can run and elect their own candidates for office and induce elected representatives to enact their agendas.

Abstract: In a transparent election system that protects voter privacy, the actual votes cast are published as a public record, with individual voter information redacted, allowing verification of the election results. A voter may verify that his votes were properly read and counted, to a high degree of certainty. The voter retains a receipt, including a unique voterID, from his ballot. During verification, using the voterID, the voter receives a plurality of non-matching sets of votes, one of which is his, without any indication of which one that is. If a voter does not recognize his set of votes, his marked ballot may be physically audited by voterID. A third party may verify the election results using these verification and auditing procedures on randomly selected ballots or sets of votes from a database.

Abstract: A terminal for marking a paper ballot which lists a plurality of candidates and which includes a marking space for each candidate which can be either hand-marked by a voter, or machine-marked by the terminal. The terminal scans the ballot to determine the ballot format, and then presents candidate selection options to the voter. Candidate selections are entered through a touch screen menu or through an audio menu and are accurately marked on the front and back sides of the ballot in marking spaces corresponding to the selected candidates. A skew correction mechanism ensures accurate marking.

Abstract: A terminal for marking a paper ballot which lists a plurality of candidates and which includes a marking space for each candidate which can be either hand-marked by a voter, or machine-marked by the terminal. The terminal scans the ballot to determine the ballot format, and then presents candidate selection options to the voter. Candidate selections are entered through a touch screen menu or through an audio menu and are precisely marked on the front and back sides of the ballot in marking spaces corresponding to the selected candidates by conducting an alignment scan prior to printing that collects data to compensate for ballot rotation angles due to skewing. The ballot is returned to the voter in a form which enables the voter to visually confirm that his or her selections have been marked.

Abstract: According to one embodiment of the present invention, an advanced voting system includes one or more computing devices. The one or more computing devices display ballot questions to the voter and receive interactive voter selections from the voter. A ballot generator generates encoded ballots encoded with the voter selections.

Abstract: The present invention is an improved scannable answer sheet or document suitable for a balloting process and a method for producing such document using a printing process, particularly a document that may be printed in a single color without impacting the ability of the document to be scanned by an automated mechanism.

Abstract: A voting system comprises a setup module, which generates a ballot input in a plurality of formats. A conversion module receives the ballot input and generates a converted ballot output. A loading module receives data in the converted ballot output and makes the converted ballot output available to a plurality of precinct modules via a delivery infrastructure. A voting process occurs whereby individuals cast votes using the precinct module and after the votes are cast, the precinct module produce votes outputs based on the converted ballot output and the votes made by the individuals via the voting process. A tabulation module receives the vote outputs from each of the precinct modules and aggregates the vote outputs to produce a result for the election.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an advanced voting system includes one or more computing devices operable to receive instructions from a voter to adjust a color of a screen of a computing device. The color adjustment instructions are indicated by the voter's selection of non-dedicated keys associated with a specific color adjustment. The system is operable to execute the color adjustment instructions received from the voter, display ballot questions to the voter, and receive interactive vote selections from the voter.

Abstract: To provide a printer for an electronic voting apparatus which is capable of smoothly transporting a recording sheet having a free end at an end thereof with a small transport load, and which is reduced in size and is simplified in structure. Fanfold paper (16) is accommodated in a container (7) mounted on a casing (6a) of a printer (6). The fanfold paper (16) supplied into the casing (6a) from the container (7) is printed with contents of a vote inputted by a voter using a touch panel with a recording head (9), is transported to a platen roller (10), and enters a gap (12c) of a window portion (12) through a guide (13). The voter in a voting booth confirms printed contents (contents of the vote) from the window portion (12), and carries out a process of approving the contents of the vote. Then, a recording head (9) is used to print characters representing the approval, and the fanfold paper (16) is cut by a cutter portion (11).

Abstract: There is provided an electronic voting and counting system including an electoral register check system, an electronic voting system, an electronic counting system, and an electronic examination system. The electronic voting system operated by interworking with a voter DB online or offline stores image files of candidate information of nationwide election district inputted via an external storage medium in the electronic voting apparatus, displays an image file of candidate information of an election district to which the voter belongs according to information stored in the electronic voting card, automatically guides a voting procedure to the voter when the electronic voting card is deposited, encodes a voting result to doubly store in a storage medium, and prints the voting result.

Abstract: A method for identifying objects within a set of objects includes the steps of transmitting a signal toward a region of interest, receiving energy reflected from the region of interest, establishing a baseline field strength for the received reflected energy, determining at least one frequency at which the field strength substantially differs from the baseline field strength for the received reflected energy, and identifying at least one object within the region of interest based upon the determined at least one frequency.

Abstract: A secure device for electronic voting employs a write-once vote-recording medium. The medium has an initial writing mode in which data can be written but not read and a subsequent reading mode whereby data can be read but writing is permanently disabled. Once switched from the writing mode to the reading mode, it cannot be switched back. A hardware mechanism provides successful write confirmation The medium can be installed like a cartridge into a vote-recording device. The voting device provides encryption/authorization that combines polling parameters with voter information to produce a “fuse string”. For each vote, a fuse string is written to the array. The poll is “closed” by switching the medium to “read” mode, preventing further modification or tampering. To read out the results of the poll, an auditor enters “password” information to decode/decrypt the recorded information.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, there exists a voting system for making family decisions. A chart with write-on, wipe-off and steel properties is used to record preferred choices in family decisions on which to vote. One such application is the charting of baby names for a new baby. Magnets with the designations, Yes, No and ? are used by the family members to vote for each potential baby name. The name will be chosen when the voters reach a consensus on one baby name.

Abstract: An integrated voting system includes a memory element configured with multiple lock bits. Lock bits are arranged according to vote records, thereby allowing each individual vote cast to be recorded securely, providing a tamper-resistant record of the vote count. The system forms a complete, integrated, secure voting system that can be re-used on different elections without requiring any updates, changes, or other maintenance.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for creating and recording both an electronic and printed ballot for each voter during voting. The system can employ a variety of vote selection techniques, all of which can lead to the generation of an electronic tally of the vote in addition to the printing of a paper ballot. The printed ballot includes only the names of the candidates for whom the voter has voted in a form that is easily readable by both humans and machine. This unambiguous printed ballot makes it easy for voters to verify the accuracy of their intended vote and can subsequently be used to cast the voter's official vote or saved to provide an audit trail for subsequent confirmation of the electronic tally. These and other features accelerate the initial tabulation of results while providing multiple safeguards against fraud through the printing of a paper record for verifying voter intent.

Abstract: A modular integrated software and hardware suite can accept data exported from a voter registration database corresponding to requests for mail ballots, sort the data as necessary for ballot preparation, create a road map for ballot mailing preparation, provide for mail presorting, scan returned ballot envelopes using a ballot envelope scanner, and accept data from the scanner. The scanner uses a passive feed system, a separator brush, and a variable speed straight paper path to minimize jamming through the ballot envelope scanner. The scanner can work with a workstation application to interpret a barcode, store an image of the ballot envelope signature in association with a specific voter, print an endorsement on each verified ballot envelope, and store the endorsement with the signature image. The scanner can divert ballot envelopes with unrecognizable or unmatched barcodes to a separate tray for manual processing.

Abstract: An electronic voting system comprising of one or more intelligent fixed in place voting machines, mobile voting machines and one or more trusted servers connected by secure wired or wireless communication means to enable electronic voting. A secure system for electronic voting by means of dynamically reconfiguring the mobile device as a mobile voting machine, said mobile voting machine communicating voice and data information with one or more trusted election servers to enable electronic voting in real time by leveraging the processing power/databases resident on the mobile device and or the processing power/databases resident on the trusted election servers. A system for providing disabled voters with enhanced utility by means such as language translation, speech recognition and other features by enabling the desired and enhanced functionality by using the processing power of the mobile device by itself and or in conjunction with the processing power of the local, central and or network server.

Abstract: A system and apparatus for marking a pre-printed paper ballot which can be either hand-marked by a voter, or machine-marked by the apparatus. If the ballot is to be machine marked, the ballot is inserted into the marking apparatus and candidate selections are presented to the voter on a touchscreen. Candidate selections entered on the touchscreen are marked on both the top and bottom sides of the ballot utilizing a single print head to mark spaces corresponding to the selected candidates, and the ballot is returned to the voter in a form which enables the voter to visually confirm that his selections have been marked. The ballot, whether hand-marked or machine-marked, is inserted in a ballot scanning device, wherein it is tallied and deposited in a ballot box.

Abstract: A method that allows one to mark information with a pencil or ball point pen on a material and have the marked information represent answers to questions or responses to queries that may be read while the material is contained in an envelope. The material may be any cellulose type product, i.e., paper, cardboard, chipboard, wood or plastic, fabric, animal hide, etc. The marked entered information may be corrected by erasing the written information with an eraser and writing new information on the paper with a pencil or ball point pen.

Abstract: A ballot packaging system is automated to place ballots in envelopes. The ballots are printed by an assigned type according to voter information stored in a database. Each ballot includes a first printed indicia allocated to the ballot type, but this identifier does not particularly identify the voter. The first printed indicia is scanned to produce a scanned identifier signal. The ballot is placed in an envelope, which is printed with comparison indicia that enables a comparison to ascertain whether the ballot within the envelope does contain the intended ballot type.

Abstract: An election system provides, in one example, each voter with multiple physical “layers” that the voter is able to choose between. The voter takes part of the layers as a kind of receipt and the other layers are retained and/or destroyed by the system. The actual vote is not readily revealed by the layers taken by the voter, thus protecting against improper influence. In the voting booth, when all the layers are combined, however, the voter is readily able to verify the vote. Moreover, posted images of the layers not taken by the voter can be used to compute the election results in a way that is verifiable by interested parties. The results cannot be changed without substantial probability of detection and privacy of votes can be maintained unless a number of parties are compromised or collude.

Abstract: A method, system, and program product for the electronic delivery and distribution of a solicitation for votes on shareholder issues from an issuer to a plurality of voters. The method includes creating an electronic solicitation message for the issuer; tagging the electronic solicitation message with at least one parameter to ensure the electronic solicitation message is available to the voters holding a shareholder position with the issuer; presenting the electronic solicitation message to the voters; recording and compiling a plurality of information regarding each viewing of the transmitted solicitation message; aggregating a plurality of electronic voting results from the voters; and reporting the aggregated electronic voting results to the issuer.

Abstract: A vote verification system and method which provides assurance to voters that their votes were processed. The system includes a computer including a reader, wherein the computer is for reading machine-readable information on a receipt containing both the machine-readable information and human-readable information as the voter presents the receipt to the reader, obtaining identifying information associated with a ballot of the voter, and providing the identifying information so that a voter may compare the identifying information to the human-readable information on the receipt.

Abstract: A system and method is provided overcoming decision-making and communications errors to produce expedited and accurate group choices. The invention provides collective outcomes that are resilient to communication and decision making errors, and which are provided with a minimum wait time. The system comprises a user interface engine that provides a channel to the features of the present invention, an agenda manager module for creating and presenting questions, a user manager module that controls interactions with user who request questionnaires, submit response data, and request access to analytical results, and a report manager module that identifies collective outcomes that are resilient to error and/or that weight individual votes to optimize the group's performance in producing one or more correct or optimal collective choices. A common data exchange allows communication between the modules.

Abstract: A system and apparatus for marking a pre-printed paper ballot which can be either hand-marked by a voter, or machine-marked by the apparatus. If the ballot is to be machine marked, the ballot is inserted into the marking apparatus and candidate selections are presented to the voter on a touchscreen. Candidate selections entered on the touchscreen are marked on both the top and bottom sides of the ballot utilizing a dual print head to mark spaces corresponding to the selected candidates, and the ballot is returned to the voter in a form which enables the voter to visually confirm that his selections have been marked. The ballot, whether hand-marked or machine-marked, is inserted in a ballot scanning device, wherein it is tallied and deposited in a ballot box.

Abstract: The disclosure is for an apparatus and method for voting that are based on personal computers. All data and software, including the operating system, voting software, and original ballot information are on a single portable data storage medium, such as a diskette. During use, voting results and security-check information are added to the same portable storage medium. The apparatus also includes a tamper detectable seal for a diskette in the computer and means for officials to authorize each voter to begin voting. In one sealing system diskette removal is prevented by a blocking plate that slides into the diskette slot above the diskette and an extension fastened to the diskette is also attached to the blocking plate assuring that the diskette cannot be removed until a visible seal is broken.

Abstract: A voting system that allows voters who may be blind or otherwise disabled to use election ballots without needing to see the ballot. The present invention provides a balloting system which presents and holds an election ballot while allowing a voter to cast and inspect votes. The system provides audible or tactile feedback when voting targets are probed with a wand or other pointing means. The feedback can comprise information pertaining to a candidate at a position on the ballot. The feedback can also comprise information pertaining to a mark that may or may not have been made on the ballot.

Abstract: The invention provides systems and methods for ensuring security for a voting machine. The voting machine can include a display screen upon which numerous election choices are displayed for selection by a voter. A detachable printer can also be provided that is adapted to be securely attached to the voting machine and that prints the choices selected among the election choices to a print medium to generate a printed audit trail. A summary of the election choices visible on the display screen can be simultaneously compared with the printed audit trail by the voter poised in a voting position.

Abstract: According to the invention, a system for identifying an individual and reading biometric information pertaining to the individual from an optical card is disclosed. The system includes an optical card drive and a biometric scanner that are both coupled to a data processor. The optical card includes biometric data of the individual. The biometric scanner reads the biometric information from the individual.

Abstract: A voting system utilizing a paper ballot listing a plurality of candidates which includes a marking space for each candidate which can be either hand-marked by a voter, or machine-marked in an electronic voting station. The voting station includes a ballot marking device and a touch-screen voting terminal. If the ballot is to be machine marked, the ballot is inserted into the marking device and candidate selections are presented to the voter on the touch-screen. Candidate Selections entered on the touch-screen are marked on the ballot by the marking device in marking spaces corresponding to the selected candidates, and the ballot is returned to the voter in a form which enables the voter to visually confirm that his selections have been marked. The ballot, whether hand-marked or machine-marked, is inserted in a ballot scanning device, wherein it is tallied and deposited in a ballot box.

Abstract: A terminal for marking a paper ballot which lists a plurality of candidates and which includes a marking space for each candidate which can be either hand-marked by a voter, or machine-marked by the terminal. The terminal scans the ballot to determine the ballot format, and then presents candidate selection options to the voter visually utilizing an LCD touch screen and aurally utilizing a synthesized speech menu. Candidate selections entered utilizing the touch screen menu or utilizing the audio menu are marked on the front and back sides of the ballot in marking spaces corresponding to the selected candidates, and the ballot is returned to the voter in a form which enables the voter to visually confirm that his or her selections have been marked. The ballot, whether hand-marked or machine-marked, is inserted in a ballot scanning device, wherein the ballot is tallied and deposited in a ballot box.

Abstract: Votes are cast using an electronic voting machine that is configured to transmit the votes cast in electronic form and to memorialize the votes in a persistent and tangible form (such as a printed paper ballot, for example) that is both machine and human readable. To ensure that the voter has the ability to verify that his or her completed ballot accurately reflects his or her voting choices, the present voting machine is configured to securely present the printed ballot for the voter's visual inspection prior to finalizing the voting process. The present electronic voting machine is preferably configured with a read-after-write functionality, wherein one or more scanners read what the voting machine's print head prints, during or immediately after the printing process.

Abstract: A method for reading ballots comprises reading/imaging each ballot transported on a transport path including reading/imaging orientation indicia and a jurisdiction identifier thereof and voting selections marked thereon; determining from the orientation indicia the orientation of each ballot; processing the jurisdiction identifier for each ballot for selecting a template; and recording the voting selections marked on each ballot in accordance with the selected template and the determined orientation of the ballot.

Abstract: A voting application on a computing device of a voter sends a challenge including data identifying and verifying the voter, the challenge is validated to ensure that the identified voter allowed to vote, and a response is sent with a vote identification value identifying the voter as being activated. A ballot is then sent to the voting application and presented thereby to the voter based on which voting information is gathered from the voter. The voting application then sends a vote package with the vote identification value and the gathered voting information, and the vote package is validated to ensure that the vote identification value matches the vote identification value matches. The voting information from the vote package is then tallied.

Abstract: A method and system for validating the creation and submission of absentee ballots is provided. An authentication/validation mark is generated and printed on an absentee ballot and/or the envelope that contains the absentee ballot. The authentication/validation marks include information such as, for example, the date and time of printing, an identification and location of the vote validator that generated and printed the mark, a unique identifier of the mark, and a digital signature of the authentication/validation data. Upon receipt of the absentee ballot by election officials, the authentication/validation marks printed on the absentee ballot and/or envelope containing the ballot can be verified by authenticating the digital signature and verifying the validity of the data in the mark. If the mark is verified, the authenticity and creation/submission dates of the absentee ballot are guaranteed and the absentee ballot can be accepted as a valid absentee ballot for election purposes.

Abstract: A voting apparatus includes a print media receiving unit including a surface suitable for receiving a printed medium containing a list of two or more choices. An electronic position determining system is associated with the print media receiving unit. The electronic position determining system is capable of determining a position of a selection of the two or more choices on the print medium when the print medium is disposed on the surface. An information storage medium in the voting apparatus is capable of storing the selection.

Abstract: This invention is directed to the need for real-time functionality in the voting process. A vote tracking and reporting system is provided that will read ballots and transmit encrypted vote data to a secured collection and processing system. The secured collection and processing system totals votes and monitors ballot irregularities. Authorized users access the secured processing system and server to retrieve vote totals. Election authorities can access the secured processing system and server to monitor ballot irregularities to assure that ballots are being properly used and counted.

Abstract: The voting apparatus, system and method of the invention provides at least two independently means for recording and counting votes, i.e. one associated with the voting apparatus and one separate therefrom. A preferred voting apparatus, system and method provides triple data redundancy in that each vote is recorded by three independent and verifiable means: i.e. by recording in an electronic memory included in each voting machine or system, by recording in the memory of a smart card separate from the voting machine or system, and by a confirmatory printed record for each voter. The invention utilizes a voting session identifier to provide transparency of each and every vote and to maintain the anonymity of each and every vote and voter.

Abstract: An electronic voting system includes a controller and one or more voting stations. The voting stations each have a liquid crystal display that is electronically configurable to present voters with ballot information. A mobile ballot box includes memory storage that is used to transport electronic ballot data to and from an election headquarters. The visual display on the LCD at the casting of each ballot is checked against electronic records of votes, as they are stored. The electronic ballot information includes a plurality of ballot styles that the controller selectively provides to the voting stations depending upon voter authorization corresponding to a particular style. The voting stations may be retrofitted with access units that facilitate voting by disabled or physically challenged persons. A complete audit trail is maintained of all operator interaction with the controller.

Abstract: A ballot system including a printed ballot wherein the locations intended for marking voter choices are pre-treated with invisible ink, the remainder of the ballot being untreated; a marking pen containing an activating chemical which makes the invisible ink change to visible and produce permanent marks; and an optical scanning system which detects and tallies the marks made visible by the activation.

Abstract: The present invention is an ink-based electronic voting apparatus that generates a paper ballot for every voter. The voter marks a ballot with a probe as he/she would with a conventional ink-based system. In one embodiment, the paper ballot is situated underneath the surface of an input board electrically connected to a computer. A vote is cast when the probe is depressed onto the ballot at a designated input point. The electrical interaction between the probe and the input board generates a vote signal for recording and causes ink to be released from the probe to mark a corresponding spot on the paper ballot. As such, votes are electronically recorded for fast tabulation while paper ballots are generated for manual and/or optical scanner recounts to safeguard against computer errors and tampering. Furthermore the voting apparatus has a build-in mechanism to prevent undervoting and overvoting and thus increases valid votes.

Abstract: An electronic voting system includes a ballot card, accepting apparatus, and at least one voting apparatus. The accepting apparatus issues a ballot card in accordance with a vote acceptance request. The voting apparatus performs voting processing in accordance with a vote request using the ballot card. The accepting apparatus includes an acceptance time recording section which records the acceptance time on the ballot card when issuing the ballot card. The voting apparatus includes a timeout detecting section and unauthorized use warning display section. Before performing voting processing upon reception of a vote request, the timeout detecting section determines whether or not a preset timeout time has elapsed from the acceptance time recorded on the ballot card to the time of voting. The unauthorized use warning display section outputs a warning message when the timeout detecting section determines that the timeout time has elapsed.

Abstract: The invention is a method, system, programmed processor and a program stored on a storage medium used for providing voter confirmation that electronically cast ballots have been properly registered.

Abstract: Hash numbers are assigned to each individual ballot choice made by a particular voter and a hash total, establishing the voter's set of ballot choices, is recorded and a printed receipt is issued to the voter, bearing the voter's identification number, to assure him that his vote was correctly recorded along with his hash total. If the voter presents his receipt, to deny that he voted as shown on the receipt, an unfavorable comparison of the previously recorded hash total, with the hash total on the receipt, proves that the receipt was forged, and each such tampering attempt and voter ID is recorded. Recounts are unnecessary, unless the number of such recorded attempts at tampering exceed a predetermined number. A hacker attempt to change a recorded vote will fail because the hash totals of the altered ballot won't match the correct hash total because the hash encoding algorithm is secret.

Abstract: Electronic labels consist of an electronic chip (4) and an antenna (3) assembled on a flexible support (2). The electronic chip (4) needs a rigid zone in order to not be damaged. This is why it is generally covered with a resin that makes this rigid region bigger. In order to reduce this zone the resin that covers the chip is suppressed and replaced with a protection (5) ensured by a rigid element added to the flexible support (2).