Abstract: A two-fluid atomizing nozzle incorporating a novel nozzle cap is described. The nozzle cap comprises support spokes which couple a pintle to the outer frame of the nozzle cap for holding the pintle in position. The support spokes comprise dams which prevent liquid from flowing along the length of the support spokes to the outer frame of the nozzle cap. This improves atomization by causing any liquid which flows along the spokes to reenter the high disturbance region of the nozzle. Additionally, it reduces erosion of the support spokes, particularly near the end of the spokes adjacent to the outer frame of the nozzle cap. Moreover, it reduces erosion of the interior wall of the outer frame of the nozzle cap. In another embodiment the support spokes have a non-planar inlet surface to improve atomization and to reduce erosion of the support spokes and the interior wall of the outer frame.

Abstract: An apparatus for premixing fuel and air prior to combustion in a gas turbine engine, including: a linear mixing duct having a circular cross-section defined by a wall; a centerbody located along a central axis of the mixing duct and extending substantially the full length of the mixing duct, the centerbody having a plurality of orifices therein to inject fuel into the mixing duct with an axial velocity component; a fuel supply in flow communication with the centerbody orifices; an outer annular swirler located adjacent an upstream end of the mixing duct and including a plurality of circumferentially spaced vanes oriented so as to swirl air flowing therethrough in a first direction; an inner annular swirler located adjacent the mixing duct upstream end and including a plurality of circumferentially spaced vanes, the vanes having an outer radial portion having a leading edge and a trailing edge oriented so as to swirl air flowing therethrough in a second direction opposite the first swirl direction by the outer

Abstract: The object of the invention is to provide a method and a device for operating a premix burner which improve the supply of fuel under certain types of operation.According to the invention, this is achieved by the fact that the liquid fuel (2) and the water (27) are conveyed separately to the liquid-fuel nozzle (17), and only there a liquid-fuel/water mixture (28) is produced, which is then injected into the inner chamber (9) of the premix burner (4) in a plain jet (29) with an injection angle a of less than 10.degree.. To this end and, the liquid-fuel nozzle (17), which opens out centrally into the inner chamber (9), is designed with a simple injection opening (19). A mixing zone (22), into which a liquid-fuel line (20) and a water feed line (21) open out, is arranged upstream of the injection opening (19).

Abstract: The dual-fuel nozzle for a gas turbine and combustor includes a liquid fuel nozzle surrounded by a gas fuel nozzle. A converging sleeve surrounds the converging outer wall of the combined liquid fuel and gaseous nozzle to form a duct of decreasing cross-sectional area in a downstream direction whereby air flow through the duct accelerates toward the conical droplet spray pattern emerging from the liquid fuel nozzle. An inside swirler is located upstream of the liquid fuel tip to swirl the air flowing through the duct. An outer swirler is provided about the downstream end of the sleeve, likewise to swirl air. The accelerated swirling air flow through the duct and outer swirling air flow preclude impingement of oil spray droplets onto metal surfaces of the nozzle and hence prevent carbon deposition thereon which would otherwise be deleterious to the liquid fuel and gaseous nozzles.

Abstract: A continuous gas fluidized bed process for the polymerization of an olefin monomer, especially ethylene, propylene, or mixtures of these with other alpha-olefins, wherein monomer-containing recycle gas employed to fluidize the bed is cooled to condense out at least some liquid hydrocarbon. The condensed liquid, which can be a monomer or an inert liquid, is separated from the recycle gas and fed directly to the fluidized bed, through a gas-induced atomizer nozzle, to produce cooling by latent heat of evaporation. The nozzle is provided with a mechanical device within the liquid inlet of the atomizing chamber, that preatomizes the liquid so that the nozzle requires reduced amounts of gas compared with conventional gas-induced atomizer nozzles.

Abstract: The invention relates to a two-stage pressure atomizer nozzle with a nozzle body (30) having a mixing chamber (39) which is connected to an outside space via a nozzle outlet bore (33), and with a first feed duct (42) with a feed bore (41) for a liquid (37) to be atomized, through which feed bore said liquid (37) can be fed, free of swirling and under pressure, at least one further feed duct (36) for a portion of the liquid (37) to be atomized or for a second liquid (37') to be atomized opening into the chamber (39), through which feed duct said liquid (37, 37') can be fed under pressure and with swirling. The feed bore (41) of the first feed duct (42) lies on one axis (34) with the nozzle outlet bore (33). It is defined in that the outlet-side diameter (d.sub.a) of the nozzle outlet bore (33) is at most as large as the diameter (d.sub.z) of the feed bore (41) and the length (L) of the nozzle outlet bore (33) is at least twice to at most ten times the outlet-side diameter (d.sub.

Abstract: A low emissions combustion system for a gas turbine engine, including a generally annular combustor with a plurality of tangential fuel injectors to introduce a fuel/air mixture. The annular combustor includes a skirt shaped flow control baffle from the inner liner and air dilution holes in the inner liner underneath the flow control baffle and also in the cylindrical outer liner. The fuel injectors extend through the recuperator housing and into the combustor through an angled tube and then through a tangential guide in the cylindrical outer liner of the combustor housing. The fuel injectors generally comprise an elongated injector tube with the outer end including a coupler having at least one fuel inlet tube. Compressed combustion air is provided to the interior of the elongated injector tube from either holes or slits therein which receive compressed air from the angled tube around the fuel injector which is open to the space between the recuperator housing and the combustor.

Abstract: A burner for an entrained bed gasifier is provided in which a stable ignition is accelerated in the vicinity of a fuel jetting port and a good combustion state is maintained. A fuel (1, 3), such as coal and char etc., and a portion of a gasifying agent (2, 4, 5) are premixed in a burner before they a charged into a gasifier. The burner includes a triple tubular member including an outer tubular portion, an intermediate tubular portion, and an inner tubular portion. A seal gas tube is positioned within the inner tubular portion. At the time when the fuel, such as coal and char etc., and a premixing gas (a portion of the gasifying agent) are charged into the burner, at least any one of the fuel, such as coal and char etc., and the premixing gas is charged in a tangential direction relative to the burner central axis so as to be given a swirling directional velocity component.

Abstract: A burner for liquid and/or gaseous fuels (A, B, C) for a premixing combustion system in graduated load operation of a combustion chamber includes at least one inner partial body (2) that extends in the flow direction; at least one outer partial body (4) which extends conically opposite to the inner partial body (2); and at least one other surrounding pipe (8). The inner and outer partial bodies form a central flow structure, whereby the two are supplied with the flow in effective connection with each other with combustion air (13, 14, 15). The main part of this combustion air (13) then flows through the two partial bodies through air inlet slits (11, 12) and forms one rotational flow in each of the adjoining flow chamber (5, 7).

Abstract: A pressure atomizer nozzle comprises a nozzle body (30) in which is formed a turbulence and/or swirl chamber (39) and having a nozzle bore (33). At least one first feed channel (41, 41a) for the liquid (37) to be atomized connects to the chamber as a first feed stage for feeding said liquid (37) under pressure. At least one second feed channel (38) connects to the chamber as a second feed stage for feeding part of the liquid (37) to be atomized or for feeding a second liquid (37') to be atomized. The second feed channel feeds liquid into the chamber under pressure and with a swirl. The two stage pressure atomizer nozzle allows, for example, simple adaptation of the fuel spray cone angle to the respective operating conditions of a gas turbine burner.

Abstract: A burner utilizing a low pressure fan for atomizing oil and supplying air for combustion. The burner includes an air-tube, an air-atomizing nozzle disposed in the air-tube, a conduit for supplying oil to the nozzle, and a fan for supplying air to the air-tube. A back plate, a retention plate, and a side ring meter primary air to the nozzle and provide a chamber through which secondary air passes around the nozzle. The side ring is provided with a plurality of apertures for directing secondary air inwardly into a chamber desirably normal to the direction from which the secondary air is discharged therefrom. Also disclosed is a novel three-piece air-atomizing nozzle.

Abstract: A combustor for a heat engine, such as a Stirling cycle heat engine, incorporating a number of nozzles mounted between a pair of plates. Fuel is introduced from above the plates into mixing chambers within the nozzles. Combustion inlet air passing between the plates is introduced into the mixing chambers and create a swirling motion in the fuel/air mixture. The fuel/air mixture passes through an expansion chamber before being discharged to a common combustion chamber. The combustor has been designed to allow the use of high temperature combustion inlet air and to have low NOx emission characteristics.

Abstract: An apparatus for generating a liquid spray from two jets of fluid which issue from a pair of opposing nozzles and interact, wherein the fluid is supplied to the nozzles under fully turbulent conditions such that random variations in the momentum of the fluid as it leaves the nozzles occur which results in random variations in the orientation of the resultant spray of liquid drops.

Abstract: A tangential air entry fuel nozzle has a combustor inlet port to permit air and fuel to exit into a combustor. The port includes a convergent surface, a combustor surface, and a cylindrical surface extending therebetween. The convergent surface extends a first distance along the longitudinal axis of the nozzle, the cylindrical surface extends a second distance along the axis, and the second distance is at least 30% of the first distance.

Abstract: A two-fluid atomizing nozzle incorporating a novel nozzle cap is described. The nozzle cap comprises support spokes which couple a pintle to the outer frame of the nozzle cap for holding the pintle in position. The support spokes comprise dams which prevent liquid from flowing along the length of the support spokes to the outer frame of the nozzle cap. This improves atomization by causing any liquid which flows along the spokes to reenter the high disturbance region of the nozzle. Additionally, it reduces erosion of the support spokes, particularly near the end of the spokes adjacent to the outer frame of the nozzle cap. Moreover, it reduces erosion of the interior wall of the outer frame of the nozzle cap. In another embodiment the support spokes have a non-planar inlet surface to improve atomization and to reduce erosion of the support spokes and the interior wall of the outer frame.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for dispensing a liquid, such as a fire suppressing gent, with a gas wherein both the liquid and a combustible propellant for generating the gas are stored in separate sealed compartments at atmospheric pressure. The liquid is stored in a chamber between an annular piston and a central pedestal containing a gas generating canister. A portion of the gas generated drives the piston to expel the liquid into a mixing chamber in the pedestal, and another gas portion is fed into the mixing chamber so as to mix with and propel the liquid through a nozzle. The liquid may be atomized or vaporized depending on its composition. Mixing of the liquid with the gas may be enhanced by tangentially injecting the liquid into the mixing chamber.

Abstract: A dual fuel injector includes an apparatus for injecting liquid pilot fuel into a gas turbine engine. The injector includes a liquid pilot fuel feedline having an outlet that sprays fuel on the conically-shaped pintle swirler that causes the fuel to form a cylindrically-shaped film on the interior of a pilot fuel-air mixing passage. The film of fuel is broken up into droplets at a downstream end of the pilot fuel-air mixing passage by shearing forces exerted on the film by separate streams of air flowing within and externally of the pilot fuel-air mixing passage.

Abstract: A compound spin vane (CSV) for use in an air passage of a fossil fuel-fired burner. In one embodiment, the CSV is a multi-piece construction of platelike outer and inner vane elements connected to an intermediate platelike rail element. In another embodiment, the CSV includes at least two and possibly three vane portions, rigidly interconnected in spaced lateral relationship with respect to each other. If desired, the vane portions may be simple, curved planar surfaces, and may be arranged with trailing edges arranged at angles with respect to each other. The invention may be employed as a replacement for flat spin vanes found in secondary air passages of known single and dual register burners. When used in such manner in a single register burner, the invention changes secondary air flow characteristics so as to mimic those commonly found in a dual register burner.

Abstract: An air premixed natural gas burner having reduced thermal and prompt NO.sub.x emissions employs a central, cylindrical core chamber and an outer annular chamber separated by a hollow barrel having a plurality of gas spuds at a front end of the burner adjacent to a burner throat. The plurality of gas spuds introduces natural gas into a core chamber air flow passing through a fixed swirler and controlled by a sliding air flow damper associated with the central, cylindrical core chamber. A reduced air/fuel stoichiometric ratio (of approximately 0.6) is preferably maintained at an outlet of the central, cylindrical core chamber. The balance of the combustion air is provided through the outer annular chamber to maintain an overall or cumulative burner stoichiometric ratio of approximately 1.05.

Abstract: An air fuel mixer is disclosed having a mixing duct, a shroud surrounding the upstream end of the mixing duct in which a fuel manifold is provided in flow communication with a fuel supply and control means, a set of inner and outer counter-rotating swirlers adjacent the upstream end of the mixing duct for imparting swirl to an air stream, a hub separating the inner and outer annular swirlers to allow independent rotation of the air stream, and a centerbody located axially along and substantially the full length of the mixing duct. In order to inject one type of fuel into the mixing duct, fuel is supplied to the outer annular swirlers which include hollow vanes with internal cavities, wherein the internal cavities of the outer swirler vanes are in fluid communication with the fuel manifold in the shroud. The outer swirler vanes further include a plurality of fuel passages therethrough in flow communication with the internal cavities.

Abstract: A multi-stream fuel injector for a gas turbine engine comprises a plurality of concentric member which define a plurality of flow passages carrying HP compressor air or fuel/air mixture. One of the members is formed with a wide-angle, frusto-conical flared lip to propagate a wide-angle fuel/air mixture cone in the combustion region. The lip is of such a cross-sectional configuration that air flowing over the lip surface remains attached to the surface and flows in a non-turbulent manner, initially in a radially inward direction, and subsequently in a radially outward direction. The lip ensures that undesirable regions of recirculation are avoided around the fuel injector.

Abstract: A tangential air entry fuel nozzle has a combustor inlet port to permit air and fuel to exit into a combustor. The port includes a convergent surface, a divergent surface, and a cylindrical surface extending therebetween. The convergent surface extends a first distance along the longitudinal axis of the nozzle, the cylindrical surface extends a second distance along the axis, and the second distance is at least 5% of the first distance.

Abstract: An air fuel mixer is disclosed having a mixing duct, a shroud surrounding the upstream end of the mixing duct in which a fuel manifold is provided in flow communication with a fuel supply and control means, a set of inner and outer counter-rotating swirlers adjacent the upstream end of the mixing duct for imparting swirl to an air stream, a hub separating the inner and outer annular swirlers to allow independent rotation of the air stream, and a centerbody located axially along and substantially the full length of the mixing duct. In order to inject one type of fuel into the mixing duct, fuel is supplied to the outer annular swirlers which include hollow vanes with internal cavities, wherein the internal cavities of the outer swirler vanes are in fluid communication with the fuel manifold in the shroud. The outer swirler vanes further include a plurality of fuel passages therethrough in flow communication with the internal cavities.

Abstract: An air fuel mixer is disclosed having a mixing duct, a shroud surrounding the upstream end of the mixing duct in which a fuel manifold is provided in flow communication with a fuel supply and control means, a set of inner and outer counter-rotating swirlers adjacent the upstream end of the mixing duct for imparting swirl to an air stream, a hub separating the inner and outer annular swirlers to allow independent rotation of the air stream, and a centerbody located axially along and substantially the full length of the mixing duct. In order to inject one type of fuel into the mixing duct, fuel is supplied to the outer annular swirlers which include hollow vanes with internal cavities, wherein the internal cavities of the outer swirler vanes are in fluid communication with the fuel manifold in the shroud. The outer swirler vanes further include a plurality of fuel passages therethrough in flow communication with the internal cavities.

Abstract: An ultra low volume fog or aerosol generator produces a fog with droplets whose particle size or sizes are easily varied from about 5 microns to about 20 microns during the operation of the machine. This generator includes an air blower, the discharge of which is directed along a prescribed path, thence, through a passageway and, thence, through a nozzle into the ambient air. Liquid supplied to the nozzle is entrained by the air as it passes through the nozzle for producing finely droplets dispersed in the air. The particle sizes of the droplets are regulated by altering the volume of air discharged through the nozzle by means of an air regulator valve, which diverts a portion of the air from its prescribed path. An electrical motor controls the opening and closing of the air regulator valve.In one embodiment, the motor cyclically modulates the opening and closing of the valve. In another embodiment, the motor is a reversible, D.C.

Abstract: A fuel injection apparatus which is suitable for use with the combustion apparatus of a gas turbine engine, is adapted to produce reduced amounts of noxious emissions. The apparatus comprises a central core which is provided with two fuel supply ducts. The first fuel supply duct supplies fuel for atomization in a swirling airstream; the atomized fuel being subsequently thoroughly mixed with air in an axially elongate mixing duct. The second fuel supply duct supplies fuel to the downstream end of the core where the fuel is atomized by an air flow through a duct surrounding the core before being exhausted from the core downstream end.

Abstract: An atomizer comprising a liquid inlet, a gas inlet arranged to receive a pressurized flow of gas, a liquid flowpath extending from the liquid inlet to a liquid stream outlet, and a curved gas flowpath extending from the gas inlet to a location adjacent the liquid stream outlet and including a supersonic flow region adjacent the liquid stream outlet, whereby supersonic gas flow adjacent the liquid stream outlet produces a shock wave which impinges on a liquid stream passing out through the liquid stream outlet for atomizing the liquid stream.

Abstract: A nozzle unit having a pressure nozzle for spraying feed liquid and a cylindrical outer tube disposed around the pressure nozzle for high-speed gas blowing. The tip of the nozzle unit is of converging construction. When water is sprayed at low pressure in the nozzle unit, water is atomized to fine droplets.

Abstract: A coating of creamy material, for example chocolate, is applied by spraying by making the chocolate mass flow to a main nozzle surrounded by an auxiliary nozzle to which air is supplied under pressure. During the spraying, the chocolate mass cools and hardens.

Abstract: A burner for burning liquid fuel is provided, which atomizes liquid fuel together with an atomizing medium mixed with the fuel. The inhibition of generation of NOx in exhaust gas and that of generation of soot and dust are caused to be compatible by the burner, and the manufacturing properties are improved and the turndown ratio is increased.

Abstract: An aerosol fogging generator is disclosed having a prime mover and blower for delivering air through a duct system to a nozzle assembly. A fluid introduction system is provided to introduce fluids into the nozzle assembly for dispersal as a fog into the atmosphere. A passage provided between the fluid introduction system and the duct system provides for a cut off of the fog produced by the generator in a matter of seconds.

Abstract: A nozzle for use with an adhesive spray apparatus includes a nozzle having an extended tip and an air cap having a diverging air passage terminating at an outlet concentric about the tip end. An adhesive outlet at the tip end is extended beyond the air outlet. Channels for swirling the air in the cap about the nozzle are provided in the cap around the nozzle. Highly viscous adhesives are sprayed in a uniform pattern without adhesive accumulation on the nozzle and disruption of pattern.

Abstract: Fuel injection nozzles used for reducing NOx in gas turbine engines have incorporated a variety of expensive and complicated techniques. For example, systems use schemes for introducing more air into the primary combustion zone, recirculating cooled exhaust products into the combustion zone and injecting water spray into the combustion zone. The present dual fuel injector reduces the formation of carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides within the combustion zone by providing a series of premixing chambers being in serially aligned relationship one to another. During operation of the dual fuel injector the premixing chambers have a liquid fluid and air or water and air being further mixed with additional air or a gaseous fluid and air. The liquid fluid and the gaseous fluid can be use simultaneously or individually depending on the availability of fluids.

Abstract: Past systems have attempted to cool the combustor end or tip of fuel injection nozzles by dumping the spent cooling air directly into combustion zone where it can adversely affect the combustion process in general, and NOx and CO emissions in particular. The present system or structure for cooling a combustor end or tip uses a circulating device which in this application is an annular groove positioned in the tip through which fuel is circulated and absorbs heat directly from the tip and indirectly from the combusting gases being produced in the combustion zone. After cooling the tip the fuel exits into a mixing chamber. The mixture of fuel and combustion air is then introduced into the combustion zone, thus, avoiding the direct injection of fuel into the combustion zone. The fuel enters an inlet opening and exits an outlet opening which are positioned about 180 degrees one from the other.

Abstract: A coating of creamy material, for example chocolate, is applied by spraying by making the chocolate mass flow to a main nozzle surrounded by an auxiliary nozzle to which air is supplied under pressure. During the spraying, the chocolate mass cools and hardens.

Abstract: A flame stabilizer for a burner of solid fuel, such as pulverized coal or sander wood dust, is described whereby the swirl number is varied radially to enhance swirl inducement towards the periphery of the flame stabilizer while more axial flow occurs near the central conduit through which fuel is supplied. The amount of swirl and the amount of combustion air being selected so as to provide an integrated swirl number for the flame stabilizer in the range from about 0.6 to about 2.0. A pressure control ring is described with which the static pressure in the windbox is increased to a level where flame pulsations attributable to low static pressure in the windbox are reduced while the vortex is maintained. An enhanced axial combustion air flow around the discharge end of the fuel supply conduit is described to modify the position of the adverse pressure gradient boundary in a downstream direction.

Abstract: An actuator for a liquid spray pump is provided with a skirt which co-operates with a body of the pump to compress a volume of air during pump actuation. Air compressed by this action is ejected from an air injection channel in the vicinity of a liquid spray emerging from a first nozzle defined by the actuator. A second nozzle is connected to the actuator externally of the first nozzle to define an air gap therebetween and the air ejection channel communicates with the air gap such that in use both the liquid spray and the compressed air are dispensed through the second nozzle aperture. Primarily intended for dispensing water based products, the effect of the compressed air is to assist in the evaporation of water contained in the liquid or any other volatile liquid dissolved in a liquid product to be dispensed in aerosol form.

Abstract: A burner lance for atomizing a suspension of coal in water by means of an atomizing gas. The lance consists of an inner pipe (1) that the suspension flows through, of an outer pipe (2) radially surrounding the inner pipe and leaving a gap (5) that the atomizing gas flows through, and of a nozzle (10) that narrows in the direction the suspension flows in and communicates with both the inner and the outer pipe. The outer pipe extends along the burner beyond the inner pipe and accommodates a nozzle (10) in that section. The outside diameter of the nozzle equals the inside diameter of the outer pipe. The nozzle tapers at a central angle of 35.degree. to 45.degree. and terminates in a concentric exit (11).

Abstract: A spray dispensing device is provided which can be used with non-pressurized containers. The device includes passageways for directing streams of air and liquid to a mixing chamber wherein the liquid is broken up into droplets and emitted as a fine spray through an orifice. An annular air passageway is concentrically disposed around a liquid passageway, both of which lead to the mixing chamber wherein the annular stream of air will be deflected by tapered walls of the mixing chamber to converge and impinge open the core stream of liquid, at a point in proximity to the orifice. The device may include a dip tube for the liquid which is provided with a check valve for retaining liquid at a high level in the dip tube after each spray cycle so that spraying is nearly instantaneous upon actuation.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for placing an imitation stone finish on a workpiece. The method includes first spraying the workpiece with an intermediate coating of pigmented, catalyzed material. Then, the workpiece is sprayed with a mottling coating, which is a pigmented mixture of solvents. The apparatus has two pair of spray guns. The first pair of spray guns spray a quantity of pigmented, catalized urethane material onto the workpiece. The second pair of spray guns spray a quantity of a pigmented mixture of solvents onto the workpiece.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for injecting sludge into a kiln includes a pump for pumping sludge, a conduit for conveying sludge to the kiln including an attrition portion for attriting the sludge into smaller particles, and a conduit enclosing the attrition segment for entraining the particles in a stream of combustion air to carry the particles into a kiln. The attrition portion includes a plurality of passageways connected to a source of compressed air to provide a plurality of jets of air to attrite the sludge into discrete particles and aid in ejecting the sludge from the conduit. In a preferred embodiment, the attrition segment includes nested, frusto-conical segments; each having a plurality of passageways which project jets of compressed air radially inwardly to slice the sludge mass within the segment into smaller particles. As the particles exit the attrition segment, they enter an extension tube having a helical internal rib which imparts a swirling motion to the particles.

Abstract: An aerosol generator apparatus 10 for mounting on a vehicle for dispensing minute quantities of liquid in a primary airstream to form a fog having finely divided droplets of liquid entrained therein includes an air blower 16, an air duct 18 mounted in communication with the air blower, a nozzle assembly 20 mounted in communication with the air duct, and liquid delivery means 49 for delivering a quantity of liquid to the nozzle assembly. Control means 31, 38 responsive to the speed of the vehicle are provided for controlling the airstream pressure delivered to the nozzle for maintaining the size of droplets of liquid in the fog within a selected range despite variations in the speed of the vehicle. A LORAN unit 32 is provided for sensing the vehicle's location and the control means 31 is adapted for recording when, where and how much liquid was dispensed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a structure of a burner which can be fueled with gas fuel or oil fuel. The main features includes: a specially designed swirl generator; an annular hollow gas gun; an oil gun received in the gas gun where the gas jets of the gas gun and the oil jets of the oil gun have an predetermined angle with respect to the centerline. Under designed operating conditions, a swirling air flow can be generated with a low pressure drop and low turbulences, which is beneficial to flame stability, reducing flame temperature, and delaying the mixing of air and fuel, thus inhibiting the formation of NO.sub.x. Staging air and flue gas recirculation are available for further reduction of nitrogen oxides.

Abstract: In known equipment for injecting a fuel/gas mixture, having a fuel injection valve protruding into a stepped longitudinal bore of a gas distributor part, the formation of as homogeneous as possible a fuel/gas mixture and the fine atomization of the fuel are not assured if the gas envelops the injected fuel approximately in the flow direction of the fuel. The novel apparatus has a swirl element in the longitudinal opening of the gas distributor part, the swirl element having a mixing opening extending concentrically with the longitudinal valve axis; at least one curved, groovelike flow conduit, formed in the wall of the swirl element, discharges into this mixing opening. As a result, particularly fine atomization of the fuel and the formation of the most homogeneous possible fuel/gas mixture are assured. The embodiment of the apparatus is especially suitable for use in mixture-compressing internal combustion engines with externally supplied ignition.

Abstract: A nozzle device for causing two fluids to mix together. In particular, a spray nozzle comprise two hollow, concentric housings, an inner housing and an outer housing. The inner housing has a channel formed therethrough for a first fluid. Its outer surface cooperates with the interior surface of the outer housing to define the second channel for a second fluid. The outer surface of the inner housing and the inner surface of the outer housing each carry a plurality of vanes that interleave but do not touch, each vane of one housing being between two vanes of the other housing. The vanes are curved and the inner surface of the outer housing and the outer surface of the inner housing converge to narrow the second channel. The shape of second channel results in a swirling, accelerating second fluid that will impact the first fluid just past the end of the nozzle where mixing will take place.

Abstract: The atomizer fits over the outlet of the fuel injector and comprises a thimble-shaped inner part that nests within a thimble-shaped outer part. Both inner and outer parts comprise holes in their end walls through which injected liquid fuel from the injector outlet passes. The inner and outer parts cooperatively define passages through which assist air is conveyed to the aforementioned holes to aid in the atomization of the injected fuel. Several embodiments of atomizers are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a fuel vaporizer and system. The fuel vaporizer comprises a fuel injector and a pair of facing nozzle sections for mixing the fuel/air mixture. Further, the internal configuration of the vaporizer and the directing of the incoming air stream into the vaporizer creates a vortex flow within the fuel vaporizer in combination with preheating and pressuring the fuel to facilitate a high degree of mixing within the vaporizer. The vaporizer and system can be added to an existing carbureted or fuel injected system of an internal combustion engine.

Abstract: Apparatus for collecting, segmenting and conveying metal chips from machining operations utilizes a compressed gas driven vortex nozzle for receiving the chip and twisting it to cause the chip to segment through the application of torsional forces to the chip. The vortex nozzle is open ended and generally tubular in shape with a converging inlet end, a constant diameter throat section and a diverging exhaust end. Compressed gas is discharged through angled vortex ports in the nozzle throat section to create vortex flow in the nozzle and through an annular inlet at the entrance to the converging inlet end to create suction at the nozzle inlet and cause ambient air to enter the nozzle. The vortex flow in the nozzle causes the metal chip to segment and the segments thus formed to pass out of the discharge end of the nozzle where they are collected, cleaned and compacted as needed.

Abstract: A spray gun including a rotatable spray head for creating a spiral flow of shaping air to more effectively apply multiple coats of liquid spray onto an article without dripping. The spiral flow of shaping or fanning air is further created by a turbine mechanism or air distributor. A drive mechanism, including a reversible motor, alternately rotates the spray head in either a clockwise direction or a counter clockwise direction relative to a housing assembly of the spray gun, depending on the direction of movement of the spray gun. In this way, the spray gun can effectively apply the liquid spray to the sides of an article, such as a grill, having a plurality of parallel, spaced portions. Preferably, the motor is an air motor having a drive shaft on which gearing is mounted for rotation therewith. A cylindrical portion of the housing assembly rotatably supports the spray head by bearings mounted thereon.

Abstract: A spray dispensing device is provided which can be used with non-pressurized containers. The device includes passageways for directing streams of air and liquid to a mixing chamber wherein the liquid is broken up into droplets and emitted as a fine spray through an orifice. The device includes a dip tube for the liquid which is provided with a check valve for retaining liquid at a high level in the dip tube after each spray cycle so that spraying is nearly instantaneous upon actuation.