Abstract: An oil burner nozzle for use with liquid fuels and solid-containing liquid fuels. The nozzle comprises a fuel-carrying pipe, a barrel concentrically disposed about the pipe, and an outer sleeve retaining member for the barrel. An atomizing vapor passes along an axial passageway in the barrel, through a bore in the barrel and then along the outer surface of the front portion of the barrel. The atomizing vapor is directed by the outer sleeve across the path of the fuel as it emerges from the barrel. The fuel is atomized and may then be ignited.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for the spraycoating of the interior of a hollow body, one region of which, e.g. a seam, must receive a heavier coating than the remainder of the surface to be sprayed. A single spray coating operation is performed, in which a relatively heavy spray jet is concentrated on the seam and a relatively thin cloud of coating material is used to coat the entire interior surface of the body. Preferably, a cloud of electrostatically charged coating material is formed by an atomizer fed by a feed conduit from which a certain amount of coating material is diverted to be formed into the relatively highly concentrated spray jet directed at the seam. The relatively high-velocity particles of material of the spray jet which is concentrated onto the seam and the relatively low-velocity particles of material of the coating cloud together produce on the seam a thinner layer of material than would normally suffice and which, nonetheless, adheres well.

Abstract: A fluid jet-mixing apparatus for use in a flow deflecting structure or passageway unit disposed intermediately between an inlet and an outlet of a fluid or fluids to and from an adjacent reacting area in the upstream or downstream thereof, which incorporates a guide vane assembly for allowing the fluid or fluids to pass therethrough under appropriate flow velocity and pressure conditions, the guide vane assembly comprising a cylindrical wall member defining the fluid passageway and a flow deflecting structure of a guide vane form disposed within the cylindrical wall member and composed of a plurality of generally semi-elliptic shaped panel members and a triangular-shaped partition member, and a suction or introduction pipe member incorporated concentrically in the center of the guide vane assembly and extending in communication with the outside of the passageway system so as to cause another fluid to be dynamically introduced or sucked from outside into the fluid passageway system, thereby to have the flowing

Abstract: Exceptional atomization of liquids is achieved by combining shock wave formation and vortex generation in a gas stream. In a vortex generating device, a flow passage is aligned with a flow axis connected between a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet, and a plurality of tornado-like gas vortices are generated in the flow passage. In one embodiment, a restriction is formed in the fluid inlet, and a source of gas under sufficient pressure to cause sonic velocity at the restriction is connected to the inlet. In another embodiment, a restriction is formed in a downstream portion of a flow passage, and a pair of auxiliary flow passages connect an upstream portion of the flow passage to the restriction. In an embodiment, a fluid outlet has a concave semispherical surface opening into an ambient region.

Abstract: A substance in a particulate form, e.g. a polyacrylamide flocculant powder, is rapidly dissolved in a liquid, e.g. water by feeding the powder down a circular bore in a casing while the water is fed tangentially and swirled in two chambers in the casing and around the circular bore to emerge in the bore, as oppositely swirling, inwardly converging streams in the path of the powder. The diverging portion of the first stream intersects the converging portion of the second stream, which goes out of the bore with the powder dissolved therein.

Abstract: A fuel-air mixture supply system comprising a Venturi portion formed on the inner surface of a cylindrical suction system having a throttle valve therein, at least one fuel injection port provided in the Venturi portion and open into the suction system, an atomizing chamber located adjacently to the fuel injection port in a co-axial manner to the fuel injection port and having a nozzle to make the atomizing chamber communicate with the fuel injection port, a fuel injection valve connected to the cylindrical suction system to inject the fuel into the atomizing chamber at a predetermined pressure and an air bleed passage making the portion above the throttle valve in the suction system communicate with the atomizing chamber. The fuel injected into the atomizing chamber from the fuel injection valve is atomized by the air drawn into the chamber from the suction system through the air bleed passage.

Abstract: In order to reduce the electrical resistance of entrained fine particles of fly ash resulting from the burning of low sulfur coal and to enhance the efficiency of their collection by an electrical precipitator means, there is a conditioning of the particles carried in the flue gas stream by having a vapor of H.sub.2 SO.sub.4 condensed and adsorbed on the particles themselves. Sulfuric acid at ambient temperature is mixed with air in an acoustic nozzle to form a mist having an average particle size of about 10 microns which is injected uniformly into a cyclonically flowing stream of hot gas in a chamber located adjacent an upstream inlet duct portion of the precipitator unit. The hot gas in the chamber vaporizes the acid which is then injected into the precipitator inlet duct so that the acid can condense on the particles. The hot gas is preferably obtained from the combustion air preheater.

Abstract: A burner for liquid fuels such as light, medium and heavy oil, in which a fuel supply pipe is concentrically located in an air supply pipe and partially enclosed by a sleeve carrying air. A spray diffuser and a twist-producing member encloses the fuel supply pipe upstream of the spray diffuser. The twist-producing member has a fixed blower wheel and receives combustion air from the periphery thereof. The combustion air quantity is regulatable upstream of the burner head as a function of the prevailing fuel flow. A space located between the twist-producing member and the air supply pipe, holds two additional air supply pipes. One of these additional air supply pipes, an innermost pipe, has an end cone directed towards the outside. Coaxially downstream from the twist-producing member enclosing the fuel supply pipe, there are two additional twist-producing members with opposite twist direction enclosing each other.

Abstract: A vortex is formed in fluid flowing through a flow passage from the inlet of the passage to its outlet. A bluff body is disposed at the outlet external to the passage to interrupt vortically flowing fluid. In one embodiment, the bluff body, which could comprise one or more frustums or discs, has a flat surface facing the outlet. In another embodiment, the body comprises a sphere. In a third embodiment, the body comprises a frustum and a sphere adjacent to each other on the flow axis.

Abstract: A vortex is formed in fluid flowing through a flow passage from the inlet of the passage to its outlet. A resonator is disposed at the outlet external to the passage to intercept fluid flowing vortically through the passage. A bluff body lies between the outlet of the passage and the resonator to interrupt fluid flowing through the passage. The resonator is cylindrical having an axis aligned with the axis of the flow passage, an open end facing toward the outlet of the flow passage, and a closed end. Preferably, the bluff body is adjacent to the open end of the resonator and the length and width of the resonator are approximately multiples of the diameter of the bluff body.

Abstract: A flow passage having a restriction is connected between a fluid inlet and outlet. A bluff body such as a frustum or disc is disposed in the flow passage between the inlet and the restriction. The inlet is transverse to the axis of the flow passage. The bluff body is mounted on a rod extending through the flow passage. In one embodiment, a sphere is mounted on the end of the rod beyond the outlet. The rod may be hollow and have holes near the restriction for the purpose of liquid feed. As fluid entering the inlet passes the rod and bluff body to the restriction, a vortex is generated.

Abstract: A dispensing nozzle for an aerosol package of the barrier type wherein a liquid product per se is directed out of the container through the usual valve. The nozzle is constructed to mix with the liquid product being dispensed air which is drawn in by the product so as to atomize the product and permit the dispensingthereof as a spray.

Abstract: A spray nozzle which transforms a stream of water into a thin-walled tubular sheet which is atomized over a hydrostep. The nozzle comprises a body, the main portion of which has a cylindrical contour and a central passage of venturi shape, with the passage being of cloverleaf formation in horizontal cross-section, presenting a plurality of helical recesses which open onto the venturi passage. The lower end of the latter is generally bell-shaped and formed with a cylindrical hydrostep. A conduit for air under pressure enters the venturi passage from the upper end of the body and has a discharge end at the axis of the venturi passage and slightly above its waist.

Abstract: Disclosed is a device for atomizing and dispersing a fluid in the form of a high speed dispersion filmy stream toward the environment surrounding the device. The device has a hollow cylindrical fluid barrel element in which a fluid, or fluids, under pressure is ejected so as to turn around an axis of the fluid barrel element, and a fluid dispersing round member defining a small dispersing opening between a conically convexed dispersing surface of the dispersing round member and a complementary end face of the fluid barrel element. The fluid dispersing round member is held by a flexible support structure so that the fluid dispersing round member is hydrodynamically drawn toward the fluid barrel.

Abstract: A closure for use in dispensing a spray of liquid and air can be constructed so as to utilize a cap and a spout rotatably mounted on the cap so as to be capable of being moved between open and closed positions. An air-liquid mixing chamber is located within the spout adjacent to the discharge end of the spout and an orifice is provided on the discharge end of the spout so as to lead from the mixing chamber. A liquid passage and at least one gas passage are provided in the cap and in the spout for conveying liquid and gas into the mixing chamber. A tube extends downwardly from the cap so as to be capable of conveying a liquid to the liquid passage.

Abstract: A burner system for burning gaseous or liquid fuel, comprises a primary burner system, which includes a liquid burner tube closed at one end and provided with a plurality of primary combustion ports symmetrically arranged to provide a plurality of jets forming a conical sheet of particles of fuel. Surrounding the liquid burner is a gas burner tube, which comprises the annular space between two coaxial tubes closed at the end, and including therein a plurality of primary combustion ports arranged symmetrically to provide jets arranged on the surface of a cone. Combustion air is drawn into the space around the gas burner tube, to supply combustion air for the liquid and/or gaseous fuel. Upstream of the primary combustion ports is a secondary burner which is circular in configuration, and surrounds, and is spaced from the gas burner tube. A limited quantity of gaseous fuel is supplied in the form of a circumferentially directed jet in the lee of an annular plate.

Abstract: A variable capacity burner assembly for the combustion of a fuel-air mixture is disclosed which includes a combustion air supply housing having spaced front and rear walls and including an opening in said front wall for the discharge of combustion air into a combustion zone. Disposed within the housing are a plurality of plate-like air directing vanes arranged in a circular array such that combustion air passing therethrough has a rotary, swirling motion imparted thereto prior to its discharge into the combustion zone. Flow control means for varying the volume of combustion air passing through said vanes are provided which include a generally planar baffle member having a circular array of slots therein corresponding to the array of air directing vanes, which vanes are in registry with said slots.

Abstract: A gas mixer is disclosed which is used for mixing different gases in order to obtain a solid by sublimation or chemical reaction. The mixing is carried out in a mixing chamber having a uniform, substantially circular, cross section and a length depending on the particular application. Build up of the solid is prevented by injecting the gases to be mixed into the mixing chamber so that the combined flow in the duct, at its inception, is characterized by an axial flow of one gas surrounded by a spiralling flow of another gas. Thus, the gases to be mixed will first meet in the vicinity of the center of the duct at what may be termed a shear layer and the shear layer will progressively spread outwardly to the mixer surfaces downstream of the point of injection of the gases into the mixing chamber. The bulk of the solid formation in the duct is in the vicinity of the center of the duct which prevents the formation of solid on or near the mixer surfaces where it would tend to adhere or deposit and cause build ups.

Abstract: A flow passage having a restriction is connected between a fluid inlet and outlet. A frustum is disposed in the flow passage between the inlet and the restriction. The frustum has a base facing away from the restriction, and an apex facing toward the restriction. The inlet is transverse to the axis of the flow passage and positioned so the base and a portion only of the frustum are directly exposed to the inlet. The frustum is mounted on a rod extending through the flow passage. In one embodiment, a sphere is mounted on the end of the rod beyond the outlet. The rod may be hollow and have holes near the restriction for the purpose of liquid feed.

Abstract: An electrostatic flocking system having a hopper for gravitationally feeding flock fibers at a controlled rate to a pickup chamber in an air flow pump. The flow pump has a venturi inlet connector with a multi-branched outlet for delivering accelerated air into the pickup chamber. The pickup chamber has an arcuately recessed bottom wall to cause air from the inlet connector to swirl within the chamber to entrain the flock fibers and to carry them out of the flow pump via an outlet connector to an applicator gun. Conveniently, the flow pump has an auxiliary air inlet port opening into the pickup chamber to allow additional flock-entraining air to be pulled into the chamber by the air swirling therein. The applicator gun has a non-conductive outlet nozzle for reception into the front of the applicator gun, with a plurality of electrodes extending forwardly from the nozzle for electrostatically charging flock fibers passing therethrough.

Abstract: A fuel-injection nozzle assembly particularly useful for gas turbines is provided with an additive supply arrangement which avoids mixture of the fuel additive with the fuel in the nozzle until the fuel reaches a swirl chamber within the nozzle. The nozzle includes a nozzle holder, a nozzle plunger extending generally centrally of the holder and fuel inlet passages which are defined between the holder and the plunger. The nozzle exhaust opening is located centrally of the plunger and the swirl chamber is defined to extend between the end of the nozzle plunger and the nozzle exhaust opening. The additive supply arrangement directs the additive through the nozzle to a discharge point within or adjacent the swirl chamber.

Abstract: A gun for tribo charging powder has a barrel body with a bore having an opening at one end. A venturi forming tube is contained in the barrel bore and a supply of powder enters the barrel through a bore of the venturi forming tube, which is in alignment with the bore of the barrel, creating an obstruction free passageway for the powder. A supply of pressurized propellant gas enters the barrel bore through an area between the outer venturi forming tube wall and the inner barrel wall and is the power source for charging the powder. Modifications for increasing the charge imparted to the powder include an insert in the venturi forming tube bore for forcing the powder to travel closer to the barrel wall upon exiting the venturi forming tube bore, and a system of holes through the venturi forming tube wall for imparting swirling motion to the powder in the venturi forming tube bore.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for burning oil or gas mixed with air to produce a long stable flame in which the fuel is atomized in a chamber by a primary atomizing medium introduced tangentially into the chamber to form a confined stream, secondary air moving parallel to the confined streams mixed with the stream which is then expanded and tertiary air supplied to the stream in a helical swirling path about the stream periphery.

Abstract: A combustor for a gas turbine engine has a prevaporization chamber wall having a plurality of air passages therethrough and wherein a variable geometry air flow control element is located in overlying relationship with the air passages to control air flow therethrough. A fuel injector is located concentrically within the chamber for supplying fuel for combustion with air supplied thereto and a hydraulic control actuator is located in surrounding relationship with the injector immediately outboard of the chamber including the hydraulic actuator having pressure supplied thereto from the fuel flow through the nozzle and including means for coupling the actuator directly to the control element for increasing primary air flow in accordance with increased fuel flow to the prevaporization chamber.

Abstract: A gaseous fuel mixture burner which includes a mixer device into which gas is injected so as to provide a gaseous vortex formation within the mixer, air being drawn into the device and mixed with the gas by the low pressure region created within the vortex.

Abstract: Pneumatic nebulizer for uniformly dispersing variable amounts of flowable liquid in a gas to form a stable dispersion having the appearance of a natural fog and consisting essentially of liquid particles having a maximum particle size below about 20 microns diameter and having an average particle size well below about 10 microns diameter suspended in said gas. The liquid is forced at a variable rate into a gas flow, at an angle thereto, through an orifice having a width which is variable under the effect of gradual changes in the force of said gas and/or of said liquid to stress the liquid prior to contact with the propellant gas, and is contacted with the propellant gas as it emerges from the orifice in stressed condition for conversion into a stable dispersion having the appearance of a natural fog.

Abstract: A burner nozzle providing substantially smokeless combustion of inflamable fluids such as petroleum that must be burned off, in a burner system not requiring water spray. A compressed gas, introduced to the inflamable fluid within the nozzle structure acts as an atomization aid, and as an initial combustion sustaining vehicle for the inflamable fluid. The compressed gas is directively introduced within the nozzle so as to, with combined flow from the nozzle, achieve an optimum flame shape and insure clean burning.

Abstract: An air vortex chamber is provided downstream of the valve seat portion of a fuel injection valve body such that the fuel injecting from the valve seat portion collides with the inner wall of the vortex chamber in a plane coincident with a plurality of tangential air passages which introduce air into the vortex chamber and create the vortex action.

Abstract: A gas gun for producing a hydrogen and carbon monoxide rich reduction gas by partially combusting a gaseous fuel. The tip of the gas gun is provided with at least two groups of radially-directed gas discharge nozzles, the nozzles of one group having a larger diameter than those of the other group.

Abstract: A wall burner is described for firing a flame laterally into a duct of the type generally known as a waste heat recovery duct wherein hot exhaust gases are passed in a heat exchange relationship with a second fluid downstream from the wall burner. The wall burner may be used as an igniter for a grid burner system disposed within the duct or the wall burner may itself be used to reheat the hot exhaust gases. The wall burner includes a combustion chamber pipe and ignition means located outside the duct so that ignition occurs outside the duct thereby obviating instabilities inherent in trying to ignite a combustible mixture within the hot exhaust gas path.

Abstract: A nozzle for atomizing fuel for use in gas turbines and the like especially suitable for atomizing fuels of high viscosity, said nozzle having a fuel swirl chamber with a trumpet or funnel-shaped orifice along which the fuel flows as a swirling conical sheet and being characterized in that said trumpet or funnel-shaped portion is perforated for admission of compressed air in swirling fashion to atomize the swirling conical sheet of fuel.

Abstract: A process for the gasification of oil containing finely dispersed solids, e.g., oil from tar sands, by partial combustion in a hollow reactor is disclosed in which process the gaseous oxidant is introduced into the reactor under flow conditions characterized by a relatively large axial velocity component as compared with the tangential flow component resulting in a relatively long flame.

Abstract: A nozzle which may be used with a low volume sprayer and which includes a plurality of spirally directed vanes positioned about a liquid inlet tube. Air is forced between the vanes creating a vortex which directs the liquid being expelled from the inlet tube against the vanes and then shears the liquid from the edges of the vanes in atomized form.