Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for injecting fuel through three different rows of injector nozzles, where each row of the injector nozzle is arranged along a different vertical plane of the injector body. In one example, an injector needle housed movably inside the injector body may supply high-pressure fuel to each of the rows of injector nozzles sequentially to deliver up to five fuel injections in one actuation cycle of the fuel injector. In another example, a fuel injector may include three injector needles, where movement of each injector needle inside a respective chamber of the fuel injector body may supply high-pressure fuel to the chamber from where the fuel may be injected through the coupled fuel injector nozzles.

Abstract: Provided is a combustion generating device of an internal combustion engine, which is capable of performing very precise flame control through a simple structure which does not need a prechamber and reducing harmful exhaust gas through low-temperature rapid combustion. The combustion generating device includes: an ignition system generating a spark; and an injector generating a mixture by mixing air and fuel and injecting a flame into a combustion chamber, the flame being generated by applying the spark to the mixture.

Abstract: Foam dispensers, refill units for foam dispensers, and liquid pumps for use in foam dispensers are disclosed herein. In one embodiment, an inverted foam pump includes a compression chamber having an inlet valve and an outlet valve. The compression chamber is in fluid communication with a flow restrictor, an atomizer, a mixing chamber, a foaming chip and an outlet. The inlet valve, outlet valve, flow restrictor, atomizer, mixing chamber, foaming chip and outlet extend along a common axis. An air inlet is included that extends into the mixing chamber; the air inlet is an opening to atmospheric pressure. During operation, the liquid pump is located below the liquid container and liquid flowing from the compression chamber is accelerated and atomized. The atomized liquid enters the mixing chamber at a velocity sufficient to draw in air from the air inlet to mix with the liquid to form a foam.

Abstract: Atomizers (1) comprising a cartridge holder (4) which is arranged in the housing (3), a mouthpiece (5) which is provided on the housing (3) and in which an atomization device (6) is arranged, and a connecting tube system (7) which connects the atomization device (6) and the cartridge holder (4), wherein the atomization device (6) has at least one nozzle body (8) and the connecting tube system (7) has at least one passage (9) with a hollow plunger (10) mounted displaceably therein, wherein the hollow plunger (10) includes a valve body (21). In accordance with a first embodiment the atomizer (1) has a first hollow plunger (10a) mounted displaceably in a first passage (9a) and a second hollow plunger (10b) mounted displaceably in a second passage (9b), wherein the first hollow plunger (10a) and the second hollow plunger (10b) extend into the cartridge holder (4).

Abstract: A reducing agent metering system for delivering reducing agent to a lean burn internal combustion engine. The reducing agent metering system includes a metering system housing, a system for metering vaporized reducing agent to the internal combustion engine, the system positioned within the metering system housing and a system for delivering an atomized stream of liquid reducing agent to the lean burn internal combustion engine, the system positioned within the metering system housing, wherein the reducing agent metering system is operable to transition from metering vaporized reducing agent to delivering an atomized stream of liquid reducing agent to the lean burn internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A pneumatic inhaler that is able to deliver a controlled burst or dose of aerosol from a reservoir of liquid or powder medication. A supersonic jet of gas is emitted from a nozzle and shock waves are developed in the jet. In one embodiment the supersonic jet is directed into a shock chamber. Liquid or micronized powder material is introduced into the supersonic jet to form an aerosol. In one embodiment, smaller aerosol particles are separated from larger aerosol particles with a separator. In another embodiment, the produced aerosol is contained in an aerosol storage chamber prior to inhalation by the users.

Abstract: Optical elements are made using micro-jet printing methods to precisely control the type, position and amount of polymer deposited onto a substrate. In preferred embodiments, the proportions of two or more different polymer compositions are varied over the course of the deposition process to deposit adjoining polymer pixels in the form of a film on the substrate surface. The optical properties of each adjoining polymer pixel can be selected to provide a predetermined optical property, including a specific value of index of refraction. Preferably, the film has a radially non-monotonic refractive index profile and/or an angularly non-monotonic refractive index profile.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an airbrush including an elongate body having an internal cavity and an external grip surface to be held in the hand of a user. A DC electric motor and an air pump driven by the motor are oriented within the body cavity. A switch is oriented on the elongate body external surface proximate to a finger of a user's hand. A removable pen having an internal liquid reservoir and a nib cooperates with the elongate body and extends within an air chamber having an outlet nozzle and an inlet coupled to the air pump. The user selectively actuates a switch to cause the motor to drive the pump providing an air stream of pressurized air to the air chamber which flows above the nib drawing liquid particles therefrom, into the air stream forming a mist which is sprayed from an outlet orifice of the outlet nozzle.

Abstract: A fuel injector is provided. The fuel injector also includes a multi-layer orifice plate assembly located at the housing outlet. The orifice plate assembly includes a first orifice plate having a plurality of first openings extending therethrough and a second orifice plate disposed proximate to the first orifice plate. The second orifice plate includes a first face having a perimeter, and a plurality of channels extending radially therethrough to the longitudinal axis. The second orifice plate also includes a second face disposed opposite the first face and a plurality of second openings extending between the first face and the second face. The fuel injector also includes an air assist sleeve disposed about the housing proximate to the outlet. The air assist sleeve includes at least one air channel in communication with the plurality of channels. A method of providing a fuel/air mixture is also provided.

Abstract: A fuel injector for a spark ignition internal combustion engine includes a fuel injector having inlet and discharge ends. The discharge end includes a fuel injection port for supplying a fuel stream directed along an axis. An air shroud supplies assist air. The air shroud includes a first end mountable over the injector discharge end. The air shroud also includes a second end having an air assist passageway coaxially aligned with the fuel injection port for directing the fuel stream through the passageway along a common axis and guiding a flow of assist air through the passageway. The air flowing through the passageway coaxially surrounds the fuel stream to mix with the fuel upon discharge from the passageway, thereby providing a precisely targeted atomized fuel spray.

Abstract: A fuel injector is disclosed for high atomization capacity, and is of the single-jet air-assisted type in which a stop valve moved by an electromagnetic actuator controls the formation of fuel jets through atomization holes contained in a distributor element after which there is disposed an auxiliary atomization chamber. The auxiliary atomization chamber is delimited internally at least partially by a truncated conical surface onto which there opens substantially radial holes for the provision of auxiliary air, the truncated conical surface being defined by a mixer element disposed with a seal between the distributor element and a cap which is snap-fitted to a casing of the fuel injector.

Abstract: A fuel injection valve wherein fuel sprays discharged from a fuel injection hole are impacted with auxiliary air introduced from outside to thereby promote atomization and subsequent vaporization of the fuel sprays, is provided with fuel spray guide passages for each guiding one of the fuel sprays. As a result, the fuel sprays discharged from the fuel injection holes, are impacted by the auxiliary air to thereby promote atomization and subsequent vaporization thereof, and are guided by the inner walls of the fuel spray guide passages, to thereby control the diffusion and spray direction of the fuel sprays. The cross-sectional shape of the fuel sprays is thus controlled to an optimum shape so that adhesion of fuel to the inner wall of the intake port is minimized, thereby improving combustion, and in particular reducing hydrocarbon emissions and improving fuel consumption.

Abstract: A fuel feed apparatus having assist air passages that improve the fuel flow to an internal combustion engine. The fuel feed apparatus includes a fuel injection valve having a fuel injection nozzle body, and a resin cover member having both a fuel passage and an air assist passage. The cover member is press fit to the fuel injection body. The fuel feed apparatus further includes a ring member formed of metallic material and attached to an inner surface of the cover member.

Abstract: A fuel feed apparatus of an internal combustion engine is provided having a fuel passage serving to guide fuel in a predetermined direction, and an assist air passage serving to collide assist air against the fuel. The apparatus includes an inner member formed therein with the fuel passage extending from one end surface to another end surface thereof. An outer member is provided in surrounding relation to the inner member and forms the assist air passage between the inner member and the outer member. The outer member has at least one penetrating hole penetrating therethrough defining an inlet opening of the assist air passage. The air passage extends from the penetrating hole in a direction along fuel injection and has an outlet opening opened to an outlet side of the fuel passage. The outer member is joined to the inner member at an outer periphery of the one end surface of the inner member.

Abstract: A solenoid actuated valve assembly has first and second valve members, first and second valve seats, a solenoid coil, a first armature effective when the coil is energized with a positive current to permit displacement of the first valve member from the first valve seat, and a second armature effective when the coil is energized with a negative current to displace the second valve member from the second valve seat. The first valve member engages the first valve seat when the coil is energized with a negative current, and the second valve member engages the second valve seat when the coil is energized with a positive current.

Abstract: A fuel/air mixture device for a dual injection valve including a single-part element which is suitable for various fuel injection valves without further adjustment measures. The single part element includes an envelope bush portion in contact with the injection end of the fuel injection valve in the form of stop surfaces and, together with this injection end, forms a narrow air gap so that the air is accelerated to almost sonic velocity and the fuel sprayed from the fuel injection openings is finely atomized. The device is particularly suitable for injecting a fuel air mixture into the induction pipe of an internal combustion engine with externally induced ignition.

Abstract: A device and method for injecting a fuel-gas mixture. The novel device has an advantage of a simple and exact adjustment of an annular gas gap. The adjustment of the axial extension of a narrow annular gap is effected by varying the axial spacing between the face end of a retaining shoulder on a fuel injection valve and the face end of the bottom part in the region of the annular gas gap of the gas enveloping bushing. The proposed device for injecting a fuel-gas mixture is especially suitable for injection into the intake tube of a mixture-compressing internal combustion engine with externally supply ignition.

Abstract: A device for injecting a fuel-gas mixture having a cup-shaped gas enveloping sleeve in which the cylindrical part of the gas enveloping sleeve permits exact centering of the gas enveloping sleeve relative to the fuel injection valve. The novel device while having very exact centering of the gas enveloping sleeve relative to the fuel injection valve has the advantage of a simple, economical manufacture. The device includes radially inwardly pointing guide strips that rest with their face ends on the circumference of the fuel injection valve and thus in a simple way center the gas enveloping sleeve relative to the fuel injection valve. The device for injecting a fuel-gas mixture is especially well-suited for injection of a fuel gas mixture into the intake tube of a mixture-compressing internal combustion engine with externally supplied ignition.

Abstract: An apparatus for the combined blow-injection of fuel and air for fuel injection systems of internal combustion engines having a housing with a fuel connection an air connection and a blow-injection opening communicating with the air and fuel connections. Two valves are disposed in the housing and simultaneously actuated by an electromagnet. Both valves are disposed concentrically with one another, directly at the blow-injection opening to make it possible for the mixing ratio to be determined solely by the opening duration of the valves by means of synchronously clocked metering of fuel and air. The valve seat of the air valve and the valve seat of the fuel valve are carried in common by a hollow shaft valve member actuated by the electromagnet.

Abstract: A fuel injector comprising a pair of air passages which are joined at the nozzle opening, whereby fuel injected from the fuel supply bore is joined with the airstreams flowing in the air passages. At this time, the fuel is carried by the airstreams and thus flows through the air passages at a high speed, and accordingly, the fuel is caused to impinge against the inner wall of the nozzle opening at a high speed.

Abstract: A fuel injection device for an internal combustion engine comprises an electrically controlled injector having a body removably connected in a passage opening into an engine induction passage. The body has a nose of reduced diameter. A cap is fitted on the nose of the injector and formed with a fuel jet outlet opening. The cap and nose of the injector define an air chamber. Lateral openings of the cap communicate the air chamber with a space formed between the cap and the wall of the passage, connected to an air source. A spacer plate is retained between the cap and the nose and formed with a central calibrated hole surrounding an outlet of the injector for constituting a calibrated fuel and air jet outlet passage. The spacer plate is retained between the nose and the cap in a predetermined position.

Abstract: A dual-fuel injector is provided which allows precisely controlled injection of liquid and slurry fuels into an engine or the like, which prevents separation of solid material from the liquid carrier in the slurry fuel, and which prevents abrasion of selected surfaces of the injector by the solid material. The preferred injector includes a housing and an electronically actuated liquid and slurry fuel assemblies. In operation, pressurized liquid fuel supplied to the injector is used to amplify the injection pressure of the respective fuels for discharge through respective nozzles. The slurry fuel is continously circulated through the injector to prevent separation of the solid material from the liquid carrier and liquid fuel is used to purge selected surfaces of the injector to prevent the abrasion thereof by the solid material in the slurry fuel.

Abstract: An injector nozzle is provided which provides a pilot charge of fuel followed by a charge of coal/water slurry. The injector nozzle has a valve which is moved by coal/water slurry pressure to introduce pilot fuel followed by coal/water slurry. After the coal/water slurry is introduced the valve and valve seat are purged by pilot fuel.

Abstract: An air-assist fuel injection nozzle has an externally actuated needle plunger journaled for axial movement in the cylinder provided in a nozzle body. The needle plunger tip contains a central blind bore which communicates with discharge passages and with a supply passage, the latter, when the needle plunger is in a raised position, communicate with a valve controlled supply passage to receive a metered quantity of liquid fuel. Upon downward movement of the needle plunger a predetermined axial extent, the discharge passages come into flow communication with corresponding discharge orifices provided in the nozzle body. A central pedestal or pin upstanding from the lower closed end of the nozzle body substantially fills the blind bore in the needle plunger during the injection process in order to minimize the total clearance volume.

Abstract: A nozzle for injecting fuel premixed with air into the combustion chamber of a diesel engine cylinder. Included is a piston reciprocably mounted in a nozzle body to define in combination with the nozzle body an air chamber for receiving compressed air from the combustion chamber of the engine cylinder and a fuel chamber for receiving fuel from a fuel injection pump. Formed integral with the piston, a needle valve is adapted to open and close spray holes opening to the combustion chamber. Formed in the piston is a passage having a check valve mounted therein for allowing air to pass from the air chamber to the fuel chamber.Thus, upon descent of the piston at the end of the compression stroke, the fuel is intimately premixed with the compressed air from the air chamber, prior to the introduction into the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A nozzle for the air injection of fuel into the combustion chamber of a diesel engine cylinder. Included is a plunger reciprocably mounted in a nozzle body to define an air chamber for receiving compressed air from the combustion chamber during the compression stroke of the piston in the engine cylinder. Formed integral with the plunger, a needle valve defines within the nozzle body a fuel chamber for receiving fuel to be injected. A nozzle tip secured to the nozzle body founds a premixing chamber open directly to the combustion chamber and further in communication with both air chamber and fuel chamber. Thus, upon descent of the plunger at the end of the compression stroke, the fuel from the fuel chamber is intimately premixed in the premixing chamber with the compressed air from the air chamber, prior to introduction into the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A nozzle is disclosed for the air injection of fuel into the combustion chamber of a diesel engine cylinder. The nozzle includes a piston reciprocably mounted in the nozzle body to define therein a premixing chamber to be placed in and out of communication with the combustion chamber via spray holes at the tip of the nozzle body. Slidably fitted at one end in an axial bore in the piston, a needle valve is sprung to normally close the spray holes with its other end. Toward the end of the compression stroke of the piston, the mixture of fuel and air trapped in the premixing chamber acts on the needle valve to cause same to open the spray holes against the bias of the spring and thus is injected into the combustion chamber. The spring serves to cause the needle valve to firmly close the spray holes immediately upon full injection of the fuel-air mixture.

Abstract: For the injection of premixed fuel and air into a diesel engine cylinder, a nozzle assembly has a piston reciprocably mounted in a nozzle body to define a premixing chamber therein. Fuel and air are delivered into this premixing chamber through respective ports which are simultaneously covered and uncovered by the piston. Extending through the premixing chamber, a stepped plunger has one end slidably fitted in a bore in the piston to define a pressure chamber therein for exerting a decreasing air pressure on the plunger and has the other end arranged for movement out of and back into the nozzle body for spraying the fuel-air mixture from the premixing chamber through spray holes formed therein. During the stroke of the piston to compress the fuel-air mixture trapped in the premixing chamber, the compressed mixture acts on the step of the plunger to hold same retracted in the nozzle body against the decreasing air pressure in the pressure chamber.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for operating an air-compressing internal combustion engine with auto-ignition in which the fuel quantity to be injected is supplied initially in at least one pre-injection jet and thereafter in at least one main injection jet; the fuel of the main injection is preheated to a temperature above the temperature range critical for an evaporation of the fuel at least during operation of the engine in its upper load range while the fuel of the pre-injection is kept below the critical temperature; the injection valve includes two pressure spaces which are series-connected, whereby the pressure space disposed in second place, as viewed in the direction of flow, is arranged in heat-absorbing relationship to the interior of the working space of the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: An intermittent injection type fuel injection valve including a nozzle body comprising a hollow cylindrical member and having a valve seat and an injection port, valve comprising a movable member having a valve seat interposed into the nozzle body and intermittently reciprocated therein; a compressed air supply passage communicating with a compressed air supply source and having an air opening provided on or near at least one of the valve seats of the nozzle body and movable member; and a compressed fuel supply passage communicating with a compressed fuel supply source and having at least one fuel opening provided on the valve seat of the nozzle body and movable member, the valve intermittently controlling the on-off communication of the air and fuel openings of the compressed air and fuel supply passages, and the fuel opening of the compressed fuel supply passage being positioned closer to the injection port than the air opening of the compressed air supply passage.

Abstract: An injection valve arrangement for a high-pressure injection of liquid fuel into a working chamber of an internal combustion engine with the arrangement including at least one valve needle which is urged by a spring force in a closing direction so that a pair of sealing cones associated with the valve needles are brought into engagement with a pair of separate valve seats. The valve needle is liftable in a direction opposite a flow direction effective in the injection process by hydraulic pressure of the fuel to be injected. Pressure chambers having a diameter larger than the respective valve seats are provided and communicate by way of appropriate ducts which merge to form a common flow cross-section. At least two separate line connectors are provided for receiving separate fuels and/or fuel components with the line connectors directing the fuels and/or fuel components to the respective pressure chambers.

Abstract: An airbrush includes a body at the forward end of the airbrush and a plume at the rear end, the plume being for balancing the airbrush and supporting it in the user's hand. A source of fluid is included in the airbrush to be dispersed therefrom, and a needle valve through which fluid from the source flows is mounted on the body portion and the source of fluid is also connected to the needle valve. Air in an air passage passes over the needle valve to create a partial vacuum thereover to draw fluid from the source of fluid out of the needle valve and into the stream of air and out of the airbrush. An air valve on the body portion controls the flow of air through the air passage. An air supply provides air to the air passage from a source of air, and the air supply is mounted to the air passage on the plume so that the air valve is spaced from the air supply mounting to minimize the distance from the air valve to the needle valve to decrease the pressure drop between them.