Abstract: A spray head and air atomizing assembly for providing atomizing air in an air sprayer or other delivery device in which the atomizing assembly includes converging, spiral atomizing fluid passageways.

Abstract: A fluid discharge apparatus adapted for to commingling two pressurized fluids, such as a pressurized liquid and a pressurized gas, and for discharging the commingle fluids in a high pressure spiral stream that is particularly useful in washing dirt, debris, barnacles, and other substances from surfaces. The fluid discharge apparatus is adapted with a barrel having internal spirally disposed baffles that induce rotation in the flowing fluids thereby producing a spiral flow. Cavitation results from the spiral flow thereby creating an axial region of low pressure that draws the gas radially inward resulting in a composite stream including a rotating stream of liquid surrounding a concentrically disposed stream of gas.

Abstract: The nozzle of the present invention has an internal chamber, condiment input and discharge ports in fluid communication with the internal chamber, and an extension downstream of the condiment discharge port. Preferably, the internal chamber has a flow disrupter taking the form of a funnel-shaped end portion adjacent to the condiment discharge port. The internal chamber is preferably elongated and has a larger cross section than the spout to which the nozzle is connected to reduce condiment pressure and flow speed entering the nozzle. Condiment pressure can also be reduced in the internal chamber by other types of flow disrupters: protrusions extending from the internal chamber walls into the condiment flow and/or by an insert received within the internal chamber. At the funnel-shaped end portion, condiment flow adjacent to the internal chamber side walls is preferably diverted toward the discharge port to generate crossflow and turbulence, further reducing condiment pressure and force.

Abstract: Radial actuation of a handle (15) axially retracts the dispensers shaft (6) inclusive an exit head (9) relative to a base body (5) and a reservoir (7). The shaft (6) is prevented from rotating. The medium thus flows from a pressure chamber (26) via an outlet valve (32) through the entire shaft (6) to a medium exit (20) while being swirled. For facilitated handling the base body (5) and the reservoir (7) form a rod-shaped grip with the handle (15) on one side and a finger scallop (72) on the other.

Abstract: A misting head system (24) configured to render a fluid (32) into a mist (36) is provided. The system (24) includes a misting head body (26) and a poppet (20). The misting head body (26) has a cylindrical chamber (28), an inlet (30) configured to pass the fluid (32) into the chamber (28), and an orifice (34) configured to pass the fluid (32) out of the chamber (28) and to render the fluid (32) into the mist (36). The poppet (20) has a cylindrical core (38) configured to force the fluid (32) to pass through a space (44) between the core (38) and an inner wall (46) of the chamber (28), a fracture band (54) coupled to the core (38), configured to center the core (38) within the chamber (28), and having a plurality of flutes (60) configured to fracture the fluid (32) as the fluid (32) passes through the space (44), and an orifice end (40) of the core possessing a plurality of symmetrically spaced slits (48) configured to further fracture the fluid (32).

Abstract: The invention is directed to a high efficiency method for the remediation of large quantities of liquids, operating at low to moderate ambient pressures, in order to reduce environmental or health risks or to purify the liquid for use in industrial processing. Decontamination is achieved through the use of a swirl chamber in which a central vortex is formed which has a core pressure lower than the vapor pressure of the liquid thus inducing cavitation pockets in the vortex, which are then ejected from the nozzle through the exit orifice into a volume of liquid where the cavitation pockets collapse. These cavitation events drive chemical reactions, by generating strong oxidants and reductants, efficiently decomposing and destroying contaminating organic compounds, as well as some inorganics. These same cavitation events also physically disrupt or rupture the cell walls or outer membranes of microorganisms (such as E.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a high efficiency method for the remediation of large quantities of liquids, operating at low to moderate ambient pressures, in order to reduce environmental or health risks or to purify the liquid for use in industrial processing. Decontamination is achieved through the use of submerged liquid jets which trigger cavitation events. These cavitation events drive chemical reactions, by generating strong oxidants and reductants, efficiently decomposing and destroying contaminating organic compounds, as well as some inorganics. These same cavitation events also physically disrupt or rupture the cell walls or outer membranes of microorganisms (such as E. coli and salmonella) and larvae (such as Zebra mussel larvae), leaving the inner cellular components susceptible to oxidation.

Abstract: A valve includes a swirl-inducing arrangement positioned downstream from a valve seat. The swirl-inducing arrangement is shaped so that at least two radially offset and oppositely directed flows can be induced in a fluid to be sprayed. Swirl-induced shearing forces that cause turbulence occur in the boundary areas of the flow components having different directions. A uniform and extremely fine atomization of the fluid, specifically a fuel, is possible with this valve without any additional energy input. The valve is especially suitable for use in fuel injection.

Abstract: A full cone spray nozzle having a vane which comprises a plurality of vane segments each disposed in a respective quadrant of a vane chamber and formed with respective flat ramp surfaces and concave surfaces which divide the incoming liquid into two flow streams and impart vortical and turbulent movement to the liquid such that the liquid discharged from the nozzle has a conical spray pattern with liquid particles distributed throughout the spray pattern. The vane chamber is formed with outwardly extended recesses adjacent and across from concave surfaces of the vane segments for ensuring maximum free tangential passage of solids through the vane without affecting the liquid flow rate. In one embodiment the recesses are in the form of slots in a cylindrical mounting ring of the vane segments and in another embodiment the recesses are outwardly extending grooves in a cylindrical wall of the nozzle body which defines the vane chamber.

Abstract: A burner for an entrained bed gasifier is provided in which a stable ignition is accelerated in the vicinity of a fuel jetting port and a good combustion state is maintained. A fuel (1, 3), such as coal and char etc., and a portion of a gasifying agent (2, 4, 5) are premixed in a burner before they a charged into a gasifier. The burner includes a triple tubular member including an outer tubular portion, an intermediate tubular portion, and an inner tubular portion. A seal gas tube is positioned within the inner tubular portion. At the time when the fuel, such as coal and char etc., and a premixing gas (a portion of the gasifying agent) are charged into the burner, at least any one of the fuel, such as coal and char etc., and the premixing gas is charged in a tangential direction relative to the burner central axis so as to be given a swirling directional velocity component.

Abstract: A drill bit with a housing and roller cones has a high-speed fluid jet erosion system utilizing dual discharge, high-velocity, jet streams that is directed at the surface to be eroded. The jet streams are developed from a dual discharge nozzle adapted to form a first, swirling liquid jet and a second, axial liquid jet in combination therewith. When used in a shale-like formation, the bit includes a nozzle in a bowl area of the housing that sends a vortex shaped spray against the roller cones.

Abstract: A liquid atomizing nozzle is provided which is designed to receive various types of impellers in a chamber just preceding an orifice for the purpose of fracturing the liquid such as water to thereby facilitate the generation of fine fogs or sprays. The interchange of impellers and cleaning of nozzle and impeller chamber is simplified by the provision of a separate detachable inlet member to the nozzle which is designed to also retain the impeller in its chamber and to supply a jet stream of liquid thereto. The inlet member is in the form of a separate connector provided with an entry segment of greater diameter then a narrower exit segment connectable to the impeller chamber in a manner which encloses the chamber and retains the position of the impeller.

Abstract: A compression-ignition type engine in which fuel is injected in a combustion chamber during the compression stroke or intake stroke before 60 degrees before top dead center of the compression stroke and at this time, the spread angle of the injected fuel is made small as the position of the piston is low. In addition, at this time, the mean particle size of the injected fuel is made a size in which the temperature of the fuel particles reaches the boiling point of the main fuel component, determined by the pressure in the combustion chamber, at substantially the top dead center of the compression stroke. After the injection and until about the top dead center of the compression stroke is reached, vaporization of the fuel by boiling from the fuel particles is prevented and the fuel of the fuel particles boils and vaporizes and is ignited and burnt after about the top dead center of the compression stroke.

Abstract: A mixing and dispensing gun with a valve body containing a pair of liquid inlets, a pair of separate liquid outlets, a gas outlet and a removable mixing and dispensing nozzle. The nozzle contains the ingredients while they are being mixed and a gas outlet is positioned within the nozzle so as to propel the mixed ingredients to the application area. The nozzles and gun body include cooperating inlet and outlet ports such as nipples and recesses to permit alignment and sealing when the nozzle is positioned for use. The gas valve is arranged so that it may be operated simultaneously or in sequence with the liquid valves.

Abstract: A burner structure and a method of operating a burner to reduce the pollutant emissions produced thereby are disclosed. Air and gas are premixed in a manner such that a substantially homogeneous mixture containing excess combustion air results. The velocity of the substantially homogeneous mixture is increased as it passes through the burner causing the "residence time" associated with the formation of the flame to be decreased, i.e., the combustion gases are in the reaction zone of the flame for a significantly shorter period of time, reducing the production of NO.sub.x. In order to prevent the flame from "lifting-off" the burner because of the high velocity of the substantially homogeneous air/gas mixture, flame stabilizing devices and/or a burner structure which provides flame stabilization are utilized resulting in the production of a high heat flux and low pollutant emissions.

Abstract: A nozzle for atomizing a liquid includes at least one Venturi tube. A Venturi tube defines a liquid flow path and has an entrance cone, an intermediate throat of diameter d.sub.n, and an exit cone having a length along the flow path to an exit port of at least about 2d.sub.n. The exit cone also has an angle of divergence that varies from 0.degree. at the throat to about 6.degree. at the exit port. As liquid with an entrained gas, preferably constituting about 10.sup.-2 to about 10.sup.-3 fractions, passes through the throat in a Venturi tube with a Reynold's number greater than about 2300, the liquid static pressure reduces and the entrained gas forms cavities that grow as the liquid passes through the exit cone. The nozzle is substantially free of any structure that could disturb the flow in the nozzle sufficiently to allow the static pressure on the liquid to rise significantly in the nozzle.

Abstract: A full cone spray nozzle assembly having a body with a centrally disposed, axially extending chamber through which a liquid to be discharged will flow, and a frusto-conically formed end cap having a circular, centrally located discharge opening. The end cap covers the body at the discharge end thereof, and the body has passages to direct pressurized air into a cavity formed between the discharge end of the body and the adjacent interior surface of the conical cap, thus forming an air outlet in the shape of an annular slot. The slot is arranged to direct the pressurized air inwardly towards the center of the opening in the conical cap so that the pressurized air surrounds and impinges the liquid flowing from the orifice and atomizes the liquid discharge.

Abstract: A burner nozzle for petroleum products. The burner nozzle comprises a housing portion with a nozzle assembly disposed therein. In the nozzle assembly are an outer disc and an inner disc disposed in the outer disc. Helical ramps on the outer and inner discs define gaps or fluid flow orifices therebetween. A spring biases the ramp on the inner disc toward the ramp on the outer disc. Fluid pressure in the tube portion forces the ramps apart to increase the orifice size to maintain a relatively high fluid flow velocity through a wide flow rate range. Fluid is discharged from the orifices in a spiraling pattern and impinges a conical inner surface of a swirl chamber from which the fluid is discharged from the burner nozzle.

Abstract: A spray nozzle for spray gun for forming a polyurethane layer on a surface by spraying the reaction components for obtaining this polyurethane. A spray piece (21) with a funnel-shaped cavity (27) is connected to a supply channel (19) of the reaction components and flows out in a cylindrical channel (29) which connects this cavity (27) to a spray opening 22. A core (17) is detachably placed in the spray piece (21) and allows the reaction components and/or the already formed polyurethane to be fed according to a screw or whirling movement through the spray opening. The core has a conical part which rests against an inner conical wall of the cavity. Formed in the conical core part are spiraled grooves (23) which impart a screw or whirling motion to the reaction components and which are in communication with respective core borings (40) which open into the supply channel (19) at a common point.

Abstract: A water cannon, having an air gun disposed within its breach, for explosively discharging a quantity of water from the muzzle, which may include a constricted directional nozzle, to dislodge sludge from the tube sheet of a heat exchanger, and a method of cleaning the tube sheet of a heat exchanger are disclosed.

Abstract: A solid-cone spray nozzle in which the flow-directing vanes are disposed in opposed pairs spaced axially in the nozzle chamber and rotatively displaced a quarter-turn from each other to provide clearance at each vane set, and between them, for the passage of a solid object capable of passing outwardly through the nozzle orifice.

Abstract: A dosing or atomizing pump for liquid, creamy or pasty media has, in addition to its outlet valve provided on the pump chamber an additional valve provided in the pump operating pushbutton and closes the discharge opening directly at its mouth. By means of the hydraulic pressure, the additional valve body is operated by means of a differential piston. In a variant, the valve body can be a functional part of an atomizer nozzle. The additional valve prevents drying or other negative influencing of the medium in the discharge passage.

Abstract: A quick disconnect nozzle assembly having a nozzle body, an annular sealing member and a nozzle tip with a socket in the body for receiving the tip and having a pair of chord-like lugs with upstream facing camming surfaces for engaging downstream facing camming recesses in a pair of radially extending shoulders on the nozzle tip to cam the tip axially into sealing engagement with the annular sealing member as the nozzle tip is inserted in the socket and rotated therein. Preferably the socket includes diametrically opposed lugs and the tip has a pair of cooperating shoulders and recesses and at least one radially extending stop adapted to engage an abutment in the base of the socket when the tip is rotated into proper position. The tip may include a swirl imparting vane and have an outer protective sleeve with longitudinal ribs to facilitate rotating the tip by hand.

Abstract: A misting and watering can includes a can body having a pouring spout on one side thereof and a hollow handle on its opposite side. A misting and watering nozzle mounted in the pouring spout includes a misting aperture surrounded by multiple pouring passages in communication with the pouring spout. A pumping mechanism within the hollow handle includes a trigger operator. A delivery tube in the interior of the can body is connected with the pumping mechanism within the hollow handle. A discharge tube connected with the pumping mechanism extends within the pouring spout and is connected with the nozzle in communication with the misting aperture.

Abstract: A center vane is disclosed for a solid cone spray nozzle in which four generally U-shaped channels are symmetrically disposed around the vane axis and are skewed so that a line along their bottoms forms a 30.degree. angle to the vane axis. Specific parameters are stated for the vane geometry and for the geometry of the channels so that the vane will cause a solid spray cone of uniform distribution for a large range of volumetric flows, pressures and pipe diameters.

Abstract: A swirl burner and partial oxidation process for producing synthesis gas, fuel gas or reducing gas from slurries of solid carbonaceous fuel and/or liquid or gaseous hydrocarbon fuel. The swirl burner may have pre-mix and/or high turndown features. By means of the burner a first reactant stream is split into a plurality of swirling streams by being passed down through a central bundle of helical tubes. Simultaneously a second reactant stream is split into a plurality of swirling streams by being passed down through a plurality of related passages formed in the cylindrical space that surrounds said central bundle of helical tubes and/or the interstices between the helical tubes. When the two swirling reactant feed streams impinge, either upstream from the face of the burner in a pre-mix zone or downstream from the face of the burner, in the gas generator, they are intimately mixed together. The combustion efficiency of the burner is thereby improved.

Abstract: Improved apparatus for distributing a liquid in film form in the interior of vertical tubes in which a counterflow or cocurrent flow of liquid-vapor takes place. The apparatus includes a cylindrical body having an annular ledge and helical grooves on its peripheral surface, and wherein the cylindrical body is slightly tapered downwardly and inwardly to enable it to be easily introduced into the tube and to enable it to be freely rotated about its own vertical central axis. In the case of counterflow circulation, the cylindrical body has a blind laterally perforated vent tube on its top surface. In each instance the rotation of the body is effected by the liquid being distributed to inhibit the formation of deposits of solids from the liquid being distributed on the inner wall of the vertical tube.

Abstract: A spray nozzle for use in the spray head of shower-bathing apparatus and primarily for use with high pressure water systems. The nozzle comprises a ducted body housing a swirl device having fixed guide vanes extending radially from a generally cylindrical hub and substantially flat guide faces angled relative to the hub axis which impart a swirling motion to water flowing through the body and which direct the water onto a converging wall and thence to a single nozzle orifice of right cylindrical configuration, whereby the water issues as a cone-shaped spray which is "full" of water droplets. The nozzle is suitable for use over a wide range of pressures above 1 bar (1 atmosphere) as the level of comfort of the user is maintained at the higher pressures.

Abstract: In a jet torch of the type in which a venturi yields a high-velocity stream of air entrained with combustible gas released from a pressurized tank, the stream gases are mixed for reliable and efficient burning, while at the same time sidewall cooling and flashback-suppression are promoted, by thin crossed vanes edge-locked within the flame tube and bent without twist to deflect the stream gases about the cylindrical interior of the flame tube for resulting swirling motion.

Abstract: A fluid distributor for mounting in the upper end of a vertical condenser tube, comprising a ferrule having a downwardly opening cavity therein, the cavity including a lower frusto-conical portion and an upper spherical portion which is tangential to said lower portion. The ferrule has an enlarged head portion containing at least one inlet orifice, the orifice extending upwardly at an angle from a horizontal plane passing through the upper end of the ferrule chamber, and the inner end thereof opening tangentially on the wall defining the spherical chamber portion. Fluid entering the ferrule chamber through the inlet orifice is directed thereby both laterally and downwardly, to establish an inverted vortex from which is formed a uniform hollow cylindrical film of fluid.

Abstract: A stem has an upper central bore terminating a short distance from the lower end, with transverse holes for connecting the bore with the outside of the stem. Below these holes is a spiral rib, such as an Acme thread, with the lower end of the stem being beveled. A housing having interfitting threads with the stem and adjustable along the stem has a central bore terminating in a conical surface corresponding to the bevel of the stem, from which a hole extends to the lower end of the housing. A restricted hole in a passage leading to the stem, as in the ball of a ball joint, restricts flow through the head to on the order of 2 to 1.6 gallons per minute, for certain sizes of holes tested. A pair of opposed holes, spaced equidistantly from the bottom of the stem, extend through the rib area into a short counterbore at the lower end of the stem, and result in the production, at certain longitudinal positions of the housing relative to the stem, of pulsating, oscillating jets having a massage effect.

Abstract: A full cone spray nozzle, particularly for liquids bearing fibrous particles and the like, having a pair of swirl imparting vanes within the bore of the nozzle. Transversely of the bore, the vanes are approximately semi-circular segments, each having a central recess to provide an opening for liquid flow in axial alignment with the outlet orifice of the nozzle. The vanes overlap circumferentially on diametrically opposite sides of the opening. In the direction of liquid flow, each semi-circular segment is generally sinusoidal, having a convex loop in one quadrant of the passage facing upstream and a concave loop also facing upstream in an adjacent quadrant of the passage. The curved loop portions of each vane are interconnected by an axially extending leg which cross at about the center of the bore and being recessed define the central opening.