Abstract: An aerial fluid dispersal system includes a fluid reservoir configured to hold a quantity of fluid, a manifold assembly in fluid communication with the fluid reservoir, a fluid pump coupled in fluid communication with the fluid reservoir and the manifold assembly, a plurality of nozzle assemblies coupled in fluid communication with the manifold assembly, and a controller coupled to the fluid pump and the plurality of nozzle assemblies. Each nozzle assembly includes an electrically-actuated valve, a spray nozzle fluidly coupled downstream of the electrically-actuated valve, and a check valve fluidly coupled in series with the electrically-actuated valve. The controller is configured to control the operating parameter of the electrically-actuated valve of each nozzle assembly.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a double pipe and, more specifically, to a double pipe for uniformly distributing a flow, which can distribute as uniformly as possible a flow which should be distributed toward branch pipes thereof. The present invention relates to a double pipe for uniformly distributing a flow, and can be applied to a seawater desalination device or a water purification device using a membrane and can be thus employed in the water treatment plant industry.

Abstract: Disclosed is a noise suppressor for use inside a nozzle and adjacent a nozzle liner. The suppressor can include an inlet with a cross-sectional area larger than that of the nozzle liner outlet. The suppressor can also have an entrance length with a diverging cross-sectional area, and an exit length extending from the entrance length. By incorporating this geometry, the noise suppressor reduces noise and improves performance of the apparatus in which the suppressor is used.

Abstract: Disclosed is a noise suppressor for use inside a nozzle and adjacent a nozzle liner. The suppressor can include an inlet with a cross-sectional area larger than that of the nozzle liner outlet. The suppressor can also have an entrance length with a diverging cross-sectional area, and an exit length extending from the entrance length. By incorporating this geometry, the noise suppressor reduces noise and improves performance of the apparatus in which the suppressor is used.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for providing tempered water to an emergency wash system. Various embodiments include simple, reliable, low-cost flow regulators to reliably provide adequate emergency wash flows. Yet other embodiments include one or more features that consider the special needs of a person temporarily blinded, and include those persons having disabilities.

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein include a source for a processing tool. In an embodiment, the source comprises a dielectric plate having a first surface and a second surface opposite from the first surface, and a cavity into the first surface of the dielectric plate. In an embodiment, the cavity comprises a third surface that is between the first surface and the second surface. In an embodiment, the source further comprises a dielectric resonator extending away from the third surface.

Abstract: Embodiments of a showerhead for use in a substrate processing chamber are provided herein. In some embodiments, a showerhead for use in a substrate processing chamber includes an upper plate having an outer gas inlet fluidly coupled to an outer recursive gas path and an inner gas inlet fluidly coupled to an inner recursive gas path; and a lower plate having an upper surface bonded to the upper plate and a lower surface having a plurality of outer gas distribution holes and a plurality of inner gas distribution holes, wherein the upper surface includes an outer recess to define an outer annular gas plenum fluidly coupled to the outer gas inlet and to the plurality of outer gas distribution holes and an inner recess to define one or more inner annular gas plenums fluidly coupled to the inner gas inlet and to the plurality of inner gas distribution holes.

Abstract: A nozzle system comprising a nozzle apparatus (610) and a pipeline (614), the nozzle apparatus attached to the pipeline such that there is fluid communication therebetween, the nozzle apparatus having a first inlet (631), a second inlet (622) and an outlet, wherein the nozzle apparatus extends into the pipeline such that at least a portion of the first inlet (631) is in the centre of the pipeline, that is within 15% of the central axis of the pipeline; and the second inlet (622) is within the pipeline but outwith the centre of the pipeline, the second inlet comprising a filter with at least one, normally at least four, linear apertures (625) therein, often parallel to a main axis of the nozzle apparatus (610). Preferably the first inlet is a larger aperture than the second inlet, and is provided on an end of the nozzle apparatus and the second inlet is provided on a side of the nozzle apparatus.

Abstract: Various embodiments relate to a selective catalytic reduction system for treating exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine. The system includes an inlet section that receives exhaust gases from the engine. The system includes a tank storing diesel exhaust fluid (“DEF”), a pump, a valve, and an injector each in fluid communication with each other. The injector is coupled to the inlet exhaust pipe and configured to inject DEF into the exhaust gases flowing through the inlet exhaust pipe in a plurality of pulses. Each of the plurality of pulses injects a constant volume of DEF into the inlet exhaust pipe. The system further includes a controller configured to operate the pump and the valve such that a time interval between successive constant volume pulses of the plurality of pulses is varied based on a variable oxides of nitrogen content of the exhaust gases.

Abstract: An injector for delivering a working fluid into a working environment is disclosed. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the injector includes a pre-metering chamber with a control valve controlling fluid delivery rate and a swirl chamber, in which a swirling flow is created and atomization is achieved at low injector pressure when it is released. In another embodiment, the injector includes a swirl chamber and an atomization element with a bore, through which a control valve is positioned. The control valve forces a working fluid flow through the atomization element when the injector is energized to create a metered swirling flow. To avoid issues with deteriorated working fluid, a purging apparatus is used for emptying working fluid residue in the injector, and a special control method is used when the injector works in a high-temperature working environment.

Abstract: In various implementations, a burner assembly may include a body coupled to burner heads. The body may include one or more converging and/or diverging parts. For example, the body may include a diverging part proximate one or more of the burner heads of the burner assembly. The body may allow a predetermined fuel/air ratio to be provided to the burner head, in some implementations.

Abstract: Adjustable gas grill burners are disclosed. Methods of making and using adjustable gas grill burners are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method provides a replication-only trigger in a database management system. The database management system has a source server and a target server. At least one replication-only trigger which is associated with a replication operation is registered. The replication-only trigger is associated with a stored procedure. The stored procedure is invoked in response to an occurrence of the replication operation in replicating data from the source server to the target server.

Abstract: A fluid supply line is provided to reduce the labor and cost required for dripline system installations by providing predetermined fitting locations where driplines can be attached. The supply line consists of a conduit having a side wall, a connector extending through the side wall of the conduit, the connector having a conduit connecting segment extending outside the conduit and an inlet segment extending into the conduit, and the inlet segment being connected to the side wall of the conduit.

Abstract: A dish washing machine including a cabinet configured to form an exterior, a washing tub provided in the cabinet to wash dishes, and a jet nozzle configured to jet washing water to the washing tub, wherein the jet nozzle includes a plurality of nozzle inner walls provided therein to form a passage through which the washing water passes and having a plurality of passage inner walls provided to have arc shapes in section vertical to a flow direction of the washing water. Due to such configuration, a jetting force may be enhanced and washing efficiency may be also improved.

Abstract: Fabricating a core of a component (34A, 34B, 34C) from a stack (25, 36) of sheets (20) of material with cutouts (22A) in the sheets aligned to form passages (38) in the core. A casing preform (28) is then fitted over the core. The preform is processed to form a casing (29) that brackets at least parts of opposed ends of the stack. Shrinkage of the casing during processing compresses (46) the sheets together. The preform may slide (52) over the core, and may be segmented (28A, 28B, 28C) to fit over the core. A hoop (66) may be fitted and compressed around the segmented casing (29A, 29B, 29C).

Abstract: A functional plumbing unit is provided, which is configured as an insertion cartridge insertable into a fluid conduit of a discharging plumbing fixture. The insertion cartridge includes a housing and a jet regulator. The housing includes an external thread on an outside thereof, configured to be screwed into an internal thread of the discharging plumbing fixture, a height of the housing, in a flow direction, generally corresponds to the external thread, a ring seal located in a downstream position therefrom and an upstream housing edge, the external thread is arranged between the downstream ring seal and the upstream housing edge, and at least a jet fractionating part, is arranged at an inlet end configured to be connected to the housing.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide a spraying apparatus with an integrated filter, specifically to overcome the challenges of spraying asphalt sealant material. The present invention can be integrated within an asphalt sealant spray system and consists of a leak free large filter housing, multiple spray nozzles placed axially and pointing downwards towards the ground, a meshed filter that fits inside the filter housing, an actuator as means of on/off nozzle control, extension options for lengthening the spray pattern, a material inlet that will receive pressurized material from a pump the spray apparatus is integrated with, and housing end caps to provide easy access to the inside of the filter housing.

Abstract: A closed nebulizing system for removing bubbles includes a first pump, a nebulizing module and a second pump. The first pump is for providing a fluid. The nebulizing module includes an outlet channel, an inlet channel connected with the first pump, and a plurality of nozzles for nebulizing and ejecting part of the fluid. The second pump is connected with the outlet channel for outputting non-nebulized fluid. The first pump, the nebulizing module and the second pump form a closed fluid loop, so that the fluid continuously contacts with the plurality of nozzles and bubbles generated during nebulization process are evacuated from the nebulizing module.

Abstract: A sanitary functional unit with a housing releasably fastened to the water outlet of a sanitary outlet fitting, the housing having an outflow-side housing end face with outflow openings. The outflow-side housing end face has at least one slot, opposing longitudinal sides of which form turning engagement surfaces or tool engagement surfaces for a turning tool that is releasably inserted into the slot, and the housing of the functional unit is rotatably held on the water outlet of the outlet fitting and/or the housing end face is mounted rotatably in the housing. Using the turning tool in the slot, a pivotably mounted housing end face in the housing can be easily aligned and/or the turning force required for fitting and removing a screw connection provided between the outer housing periphery and the inner fitting periphery can be conveniently transferred to the housing without requiring special turning tools.

Abstract: A plumbing outlet fitting (2) with a liquid guide (3), which opens into a fitting outlet (4) in an area in which a plumbing functional unit (5) in the form of an insertion cartridge is provided. The outlet fitting is provided such that the clear open cross-section of the liquid guide (3) is adapted to the insertion cartridge (5) at least in the opening area of the fitting outlet (4), and the insertion cartridge (5) can be inserted into the fitting outlet (4) from the opening side and is removably held therein, The outlet fitting (2) can be used with a jet regulator or with another plumbing functional unit (5) without any significant limitations of the structural clearance.

Abstract: A sanitary fixture with a mounting housing which has a thread for fastening to a mating thread provided on the water outlet of a sanitary outlet fitting. The mounting housing has a downstream housing end side with flow-through holes, and wherein at least one insertion part can be inserted into the mounting housing as far as an insertion stop. The fixture has an aerated jet regulator or is configured as such, so a circumferential wall of the mounting housing borders at least one aeration duct at least in a subregion of at least a double-walled configuration, and the at least one aeration duct, which is open towards the downstream housing end side, opens out in at least one aeration opening leading into the housing interior of the mounting housing.

Abstract: A nozzle body (1) for a liquid droplet spray device is disclosed, wherein the nozzle body is arranged to receive a liquid substance from the liquid droplet spray device, wherein the nozzle body includes: (a) a substrate (2), and (b) a plurality of traversing output nozzles (4, 24, 34) formed in the substrate (2, 22, 32) for ejecting liquid as a low pressure mono-dispersive droplet spray, wherein each traversing output nozzle is arranged to receive the liquid such that the liquid may be expelled from the nozzle body by traversing the output nozzles, wherein the output nozzles (4, 24, 34) have straight and parallel side-walls that have a near vertical profile. The output nozzles are arranged in the substrate such that the density of the output nozzles increases from the center towards the edges of the substrate.

Abstract: A head for dispensing a thin film over a substrate is disclosed. The head includes a body assembly that extends between a first and a second end that is at least a width of the substrate. The body includes a main bore that is defined between the first and the second ends, the main bore connected to an upper side of a reservoir through a plurality of feeds that are defined between the main bore and the reservoir. The body also includes a plurality of outlets connected to a lower side of the reservoir and extend to an output slot. The plurality of feeds have a larger cross-sectional area than the plurality of outlets and the plurality of feeds are fewer than the plurality of outlets. Wherein fluid is configured to flow through the main bore, through the plurality of feeds along the bore and fill the reservoir up to at least the threshold level before fluid is evenly output as a film out of the output slot onto the substrate.

Abstract: A smoke evacuation device comprises a nozzle for connection to a source of clean air supply, the nozzle being adapted to vent clean air supply in all available directions in space therefrom to provide a volume of space with clean air in the proximity of the nozzle, thereby providing visibility and breathable air to the user. The nozzle is adapted to minimize entrainment of the surrounding smoke into the volume.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention relate to method and apparatus for providing processing gases to a process chamber with improved uniformity. One embodiment of the present invention provides a gas injection assembly. The gas injection assembly includes an inlet hub, a nozzle having a plurality of injection passages disposed against the inlet hub, and a distribution insert disposed between the nozzle and the inlet hub. The distribution insert has one or more gas distribution passages configured to connect the inlet hub to the plurality of the injection passages the nozzle. Each of the one or more gas distribution passages has one inlet connecting with a plurality of outlets, and distances between the inlet and each of the plurality of outlets are substantially equal.

Abstract: A faucet aerator is provided with a plurality of pins oriented in a flow direction, spaced apart from one another, and extending essentially over the distance between a flow-dispersing device and an adjacent grid and/or lattice structure. The pins each have an evaporation surface, which is situated outside the region that is struck directly by the individual streams but can be wetted by the water flowing through the aerator housing and for this purpose, the pins are situated laterally outside the projection of the through-flow holes oriented in the flow direction. These comparatively long pins around which the flowing water circulates are covered by an enveloping water film even after the water valve is closed, which results in an increased humidity and therefore a reduced evaporation in the housing interior of the aerator housing. This prevents a complete drying-out of the interior of the aerator housing.

Abstract: A nozzle for dispensing a random pattern of liquid adhesive filaments generally includes a plurality of liquid outlets positioned in a liquid discharge plane and first and second pluralities of air passages. The first plurality of air passages is positioned in a first plane oriented at a first angle relative to the liquid discharge plane, while the second plurality of air passages is positioned in a second plane oriented at a second angle relative to the liquid discharge plane. The first angle is different than the second angle so that pressurized process air streams from the first and second pluralities of air passages are directed asymmetrically toward adhesive filaments discharged from the liquid outlets to produce the random pattern.

Abstract: A liquid discharge head is disclosed that includes plural nozzles that discharge liquid droplets, plural individual channels that are in communication with the nozzles, a liquid introducing part that is in communication with the individual channels, a common liquid chamber that supplies liquid to the individual channels, and a filter part that is arranged between the common liquid chamber and the liquid introducing part. The filter part is configured to filter the liquid over a range of the individual channels in a nozzle array direction. A partition wall that partitions the individual channels has an end portion towards the liquid introducing part that is arranged to have a width in the nozzle array direction that becomes gradually narrower towards a tip of the partition wall. Further, at least a portion of the end portion of the partition wall is arranged to face the filter part.

Abstract: The invention relates to a coating tool for applying a fluid film onto a substrate, wherein disposed upstream of a slot nozzle (1) for producing a fluid film, said nozzle extending substantially across the entirety of a first width (B1) of the coating tool in unbroken fashion, is a distribution space (7) for distributing the fluid over a second width (B2) of the slot nozzle (1), wherein at least one channel (6) for feeding fluid is provided upstream of the distribution space (7), said channel having a third width (B3), and wherein the third width (B3) is smaller than the second width (B2). To avoid an uneven throughput of material across the width of the slot, it is proposed according to the invention that a plurality of feed channels (9) be disposed in the distribution space (7), said channels having a cross sectional area that increases in the direction of flow (S).

Abstract: A coating nozzle includes a nozzle body including an inlet opening for receiving a liquid supplied from a liquid supply valve and an outlet opening, a distribution plate disposed adjacent to the nozzle body and including an elongated bore in fluid communication with the outlet opening, a shim plate disposed adjacent to the distribution plate and including a shim plate cutout communicating with the elongated bore of the distribution plate, and a baffle plate disposed adjacent to the shim plate. At least a portion of the shim plate cutout is located between the first elongated bore and the baffle plate so as to define a multi-face dispensing slot for dispensing the liquid onto at least two faces of the substrate.

Abstract: A shower head comprises an upper watering set including a tube having a channel formed therein, a first disc including a bottom wall, and a connection defined between the tube and the first disc and including an arcuate internal wall formed therein, between the internal wall and the bottom wall being defined plural radial passages; a lower watering set connected to the upper watering set and including a top surface disposed on a top end thereof and having a conical guiding peg inserted to the receiving chamber, the guiding peg including an arcuate periphery extending downward and outward to correspond to the internal wall; plural distances between the top surface and peripheral fences of the passages being equivalent to form a number of gaps so as to adjust flowing amounts in the passages individually; the top surface including a plurality of spouts relative to the passages to spray water flowers.

Abstract: A fuel nozzle assembly includes a nozzle body and an orifice plate. The orifice plate may be removably positioned on an interior of the nozzle body.

Abstract: A sanitary insert (1) includes a housing (8) and a flow guide (4), the housing (8) having a generally cylindrical shape and an inner wall portion thereof has a concavity (3) around its periphery. The flow guide (4) having generally a disc shape with an outer wall portion thereof having a convexity (2), the housing (8) being configured to pivotally secure the flow guide (4) within it by a ball and socket type engagement thereby allowing an articulating movement of the flow guide (4) within the housing (8). The housing (8) being configured to be inserted into a plumbing outflow fitting.

Abstract: A nozzle for dispensing a random pattern of liquid adhesive filaments generally comprises an adhesive shim plate positioned between first and second air shim plates. The first air shim plate includes air slots configured to direct pressurized process air along a first angle relative to the adhesive shim plate, and the second air shim plate includes air slots configured to direct pressurized process air along a second angle relative to the adhesive shim plate. The first angle is different than the second angle so that the first and second air shim plates direct the pressurized process air asymmetrically toward adhesive filaments discharging from liquid slots in the adhesive shim plate.

Abstract: An exemplary spray apparatus includes a first nozzle assembly and a second nozzle assembly, which are parallel to each other. The first nozzle assembly includes a plurality of feed inlets and a feed outlet in communication with the feed inlets. The first nozzle assembly configured for spraying a liquid coating material on a substrate. The feed inlets are aligned along a first imaginary straight line. The second nozzle assembly includes a plurality of air inlets and an air outlet in communication with the air inlets. The second nozzle assembly is configured for spraying air with uniform air toward the liquid coating material applied on the substrate. The air inlets are aligned along a second imaginary straight line parallel with the first imaginary straight line.

Abstract: A flow regulator, jet regulator or backflow preventer (11) having at least two components or parts (2, 11), a first one (2) of which can be inserted into a receiving opening (12) of the second part (12). The two parts (2, 11) can be interconnected using a locking arrangement (13, 17). One part is provided with at least one locking cam while the other part (11) is provided with a locking groove which is assigned to the locking cam and is used as a counterpart. One of the parts is provided with a slot (15) or similar recess located at a distance (a) from the outer or inner circumference of the part (2) in the area of the at least one locking groove.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for spraying water, provided with a seal support (21) arranged between the body (1) and the perforated sheet (23) and in contact with the above. The seal support is mounted such as to be able to be removed from the body (1) with the joint (20). The above finds application in the production of non-woven materials.

Abstract: A nozzle for dispensing a random pattern of liquid adhesive filaments. The nozzle may include first and second air shim plates, an adhesive shim plate and first and second separating shim plates. The first and second air shim plates each have respective pairs of air slots. Each air slot has a process air inlet and a process air outlet and the air slots of each pair converge toward one another such that the process air inlets are farther apart than the process air outlets in each pair. The adhesive shim plate includes a plurality of liquid slots each with a liquid outlet. Four process air outlets are associated with each of the liquid outlets. The process air slots are adapted to receive pressurized process air and the liquid slots are adapted to receive pressurized liquid adhesive. The pressurized process air discharges from each group of the four process air outlets and forms a zone of turbulence for moving the filament of liquid adhesive discharging from the associated liquid outlet in a random pattern.

Abstract: A high velocity, multiple-jet spray nozzle for use in carwash systems. Each nozzle comprises the axial unitary combination of a base, a nozzle carrier and a face plate. An inlet and a chamber are formed in the body and axially aligned flow passages are formed in the nozzle carrier and face plate so that when the components are assembled, five parallel jets arranged in a circular pattern are defined between the chamber and the outer surface of the face plate. Stainless steel nozzle inserts are press fit into the flow passages of the nozzle carrier and are held in place by the face plate. Screws hold the assembly together. The nozzles are preferably used in multiples to define a wide stream of washing fluid which can be used to attach mud, ice and other debris on the surfaces of a vehicle as well as on wheels and undercarriage. Each nozzle has an alignment axis marked on the face plate along which the spacing between adjacent nozzle outlets is uniform.

Abstract: The invention concerns a sanitary component (1) that has a jet regulating device (4) in the interior of a mounting housing (6). The jet regulating device (4) includes at least one directly-mounted element (5) housed in the mounting housing (6), this element being provided with ridges (11) transverse to the flow direction and defining between them passageways (12). The invention is characterized in that the ridges (11) of at least one directly mounted element (5) are arranged in the form of a grid or network and intersect at junction points. The component (1) according to the invention, which can be manufactured inexpensively, exhibits the best possible jet regulating characteristics, even if the transverse surface is relatively small; moreover, the component (1) according to the invention requires little maintenance, without any risk of malfunction resulting from dirt carried by the liquid flow.

Abstract: A nozzle assembly and method is configured to apply coherent jets of coolant in a tangential direction to the grinding wheel in a grinding process, at a desired temperature, pressure and flowrate, to minimize thermal damage in the part being ground. Embodiments of the present invention may be useful when grinding thermally sensitive materials such as gas turbine creep resistant alloys and hardened steels. Flowrate and pressure guidelines are provided to facilitate optimization of the embodiments.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a jet regulator (1) having a jet fractionating device inside a mounting housing (6). The jet regulator (1) according to the present invention is characterized in that the mounting housing (6) is divided into at least two housing parts (7, 8), and that the housing parts (7, 8) can be connected to one another, and that a housing part (7) at the flow inlet side is connected fixedly and non-releasably with the jet fractionating device (2). The jet regulator (1) according to the present invention is distinguished by a high degree of shape stability and by manufacturing costs that are nonetheless low, even for small housing diameters (see FIG. 1).

Abstract: The fuel injector is characterized in that a multi-fan jet nozzle is disposed downstream of a valve-seat member having a fixed valve seat. The multi-fan jet nozzle is disk shaped, having a middle, bulged, crest-like nozzle area that has an elliptical elongation. In the nozzle area of the multi-fan jet nozzle used as an atomizer device, a plurality of directionally parallel spray-discharge slots is provided, which, for example, are arranged in a row. The fuel injector is particularly suitable for use in fuel-injection systems of mixture-compressing internal combustion engines having externally supplied ignition.

Abstract: A spraying head for bathing comprises an outer housing and an inner housing. In a center of a top edge of the outer housing is mounted a locking seat having plural water outlet openings and outer threads, and an engaging section mounted with a water-stop ring is formed on a lower end of the locking seat. The inner housing is mounted in the outer housing, and the inner housing is combined with a water outlet panel and is mounted with a locking assembly having inner threads and an abutting flange. The inner threads of the locking assembly are threaded with the outer threads of the locking seat in such a manner that the abutting flange is abutted against the water-stop ring, so as to form a sealing condition. And a bolt cooperates with a spacer and a nut enabling the water outlet panel to fix in the locking seat.

Abstract: A punched metal plate 51 is constructed so as to be in a ring shape covering a space between the outside wall of the combustor basket 2a and the inside wall of the external cylinder 2c and at the same time is constructed to be a perforated plate having a plurality of holes. In addition, ribs 52 are provided in a radial pattern against the axis of a combustor in a manner that both ends of a rib 52 are in contact with the outside wall of the combustor basket 2a and the inside wall of the external cylinder 2c. Additionally, ribs 52 are provided in a plural number, and the plurality of ribs 52 are arranged so as to be equally spaced in the circumferential direction of a combustor and connected to the external cylinder 2c, thereby supporting the combustor basket 2a.

Abstract: A spray cooling system includes a spray delivery device and a cooling liquid delivered to the spray delivery device. The spray delivery device includes one or more inlet apertures and one or more corresponding outlet apertures, at least one pair of inlet aperture and corresponding outlet aperture being positioned relative to each so as to form an asymmetric non-uniform density full-cone spray pattern.

Abstract: The subject invention pertains to a spray nozzle apparatus and method of use. The subject spray nozzle can be used to spray atomized fluid. The atomized fluid can then be incident on a heated surface such that heat is transferred from the heated surface to the atomized fluid. The subject invention also relates to a spray-cooling system and method of use. The subject spray-cooling system can incorporate a spray nozzle and a heat transfer plate. A device to be cooled, such as a laser diode, microwave amplifier, or other high power electrical device, can be placed in direct thermal contact with the heat transfer plate. The spray from the spray nozzle can then be sprayed onto the heat transfer plate. In a specific embodiment, a cellular transfer plate can be used and the spray from the spray nozzle can be sprayed into a cellular cavity or compartment, within the heat transfer plate. Heat is transferred from the heat source to the sprayed liquid via the wall of the heat transfer plate.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus having a flow gradient created from a gas distribution plate are provided. In one embodiment, the method and apparatus are particularly useful for, but not limited to, depositing a silicon film for solar cell applications. The apparatus for depositing a uniform film for solar cell applications includes a processing chamber, and a quadrilateral gas distribution plate disposed in the processing chamber and having at least four corners separated by four sides. The gas distribution plate further includes a first plurality of chokes formed through the gas distribution plate, the first plurality of chokes located in the corners, and a second plurality of chokes formed through the gas distribution plate, the second plurality of chokes located along the sides of the gas distribution plate between the corner regions, wherein the first plurality of chokes have a greater flow resistance than that of the second plurality of chokes.

Abstract: A reinforced unitized mat to facilitate growing plants includes at least two material layers defining fluid-conveying passageways forming distribution headers and a flow restrictor, an inlet for delivery of a fluid into the distribution headers, and an outlet for dispensing fluid into a root zone area covered by at least one layer of the material layers. The material layers are sized and shaped to cover an area immediately around at least one plant. The flow restrictor, for metering the fluid, is in fluid connection with the distribution header and extend outwardly to a multi-dimensional array of outlets. There may also be an additional reinforcing layer attached to the material layers. The reinforcing layer for the unitized mat can be a polymeric material layer, a fibrous material layer, a foam layer, a metal layer, or a composite layer. The fibrous layer, foam layer, metal layer, or composite layer may also form a portion of, or replace, one or more of the material layers.