Abstract: A refrigerant distributor (4) includes: a box body (42); a refrigerant inlet (41) arranged on an upper surface (421) of the box body (42); liquid exit openings (46) evenly arranged on a lower surface (422) of the box body (42); and end plates arranged at both ends of the box body (42) in a length direction and enclosing the box body (42) from the two ends; wherein, in a height direction from the lower surface (422) of the box body (42) to the upper surface (421) and within a predetermined height range starting from the lower surface (422), a width of the box body (42) increases gradually; and a pre-distributor (3) is arranged inside the box body (42).

Abstract: Burner Tubes for Gas Grills are disclosed. An example burner tube includes a linear burner tube including a venturi member disposed within a hollow interior of the linear burner tube proximate an open front end of the linear burner tube. The venturi member includes a front face having an opening configured to receive a neck of a gas valve, an upper flange extending rearwardly from an upper edge of the front face, the upper flange having a downwardly-extending V-shaped segment configured to constrict a region of the hollow interior, and a lower flange extending rearwardly from a lower edge of the front face, the lower flange having an upwardly-extending V-shaped segment configured to further constrict the region of the hollow interior.

Abstract: An injector for a liquid rocket engine includes an array of injector elements. Each injector element includes a central passage and a plurality of peripheral transverse passages. The central passages are configured to provide axial injection flow and the peripheral transverse passages are configured to provide swirl injection flow about the axial injection flow. A portion of the injector elements are configured to provide the swirl injection flow in a clockwise direction and another portion of the injector elements are configured to provide the swirl injection flow in a counter-clockwise direction. The injector elements are arranged to form a plurality of circumferential rows. The injector elements of each individual circumferential row are either all of the clockwise direction or all of the counter-clockwise direction. At least one of the circumferential rows is of the clockwise direction and at least one of the circumferential rows is of the counter-clockwise direction.

Abstract: Embodiments of systems and methods are provided to monitor operation of a compound water meter comprising a low flow meter and a high flow meter. In the disclosed embodiments, a first sensor package is coupled to the low flow meter to generate a first set of sensor data for monitoring operation of the low flow meter, and a second sensor package is coupled to the high flow meter to generate a second set of sensor data for monitoring operation of the high flow meter. The first and second sensor packages may each include, e.g., an optical sensor, a magnetic sensor and a vibration sensor. In the disclosed embodiments, the first and second sets of sensor data are analyzed to detect various potential problems within the compound water meter, such as a register failure, a crossover failure, a measurement failure, a bypass open condition and/or an incorrect flow meter size.

Abstract: A conveyor dishwashing machine (1) has at least one washing zone (7), and at least one final rinse zone (8) which is connected downstream (as viewed in the transport direction (T) of the wash items) of the at least one washing zone (7). The conveyor dishwashing machine (1) has a transport apparatus for transporting the wash items through the treatment zones (6, 7) of the conveyor dishwashing machine (1) so that the wash items are situated at least in regions in a washing plane (5) which runs horizontally. The washing plane (5) is configured as a main washing plane, and there is at least one additional washing plane (6) in at least one of the treatment zones (7, 8) of the conveyor dishwashing machine (1), in which additional washing plane (6) wash items can be treated.

Abstract: A falling film evaporator (100), a housing (101) thereof being accommodated with a heat exchange tube (304), a perforated plate (205) and a spraying tube (202), the perforated plate (205) being provided between the spraying tube (202) and the heat exchange tube (304), such that refrigerant sprayed from the spraying tube (202) is sprayed onto the surface of the heat exchange tube (304) by means of distribution of the perforated plate (205); spraying openings (301) on the spraying tube (202) have a strip shape, and the extension direction of the openings is perpendicular to the length direction of the spraying tube (202).

Abstract: A device and a method for cooling metal strips or sheets conveyed on a conveyor line, in particular hot-rolled strips in the outlet of a rolling train. For these purposes, the device includes at least one cooling beam extending across the width of the conveyor line, and the cooling beam features a connection point to which a supply tube for cooling liquid can be connected, and a number of discharge openings arranged along a longitudinal axis of the cooling beam, such that cooling liquid can be discharged through the discharge openings in the direction of the metal strip or sheet that is to be cooled. Associated with each of the individual discharge openings is a respectively adjusted flow area, such that the flow areas of the respective discharge openings decrease in a direction leading away from the connecting point along the longitudinal axis of the cooling beam.

Abstract: A shower jet outlet device and a shower head equipped therewith have a jet disk with at least one jet disk opening and a jet outlet element disposed in the jet disk opening. The jet outlet element is pot-shaped with an outlet-side bottom, a side wall and a hollow chamber delimited by the bottom and the side wall. The bottom faces in the jet outlet direction and includes fine jet openings. The bottom and the side wall are made of an elastic material and the jet outlet element is configured to deform by bulging of its bottom and/or its side wall, in response to fluid pressure in the hollow chamber when operating.

Abstract: A shower with an adjustable water spray comprises a body portion and an adjusting member. The body portion comprises a water inlet passage and a plurality of water outlet nozzles. The adjusting member comprises a plurality of adjusting portions, and an outer side of each of plurality of adjusting portions comprises a plurality of adjusting grooves extending longitudinally. A size of each of the plurality of adjusting grooves gradually reduces in a downward direction. An inner wall of each of the plurality of water outlet nozzles comprises a sealing portion, and each of plurality of adjusting portion extends into a corresponding one of the plurality of water outlet nozzles and hermetically and movably cooperates with a corresponding one of the sealing portions. The plurality of adjusting grooves of each of the plurality of adjusting portions and a corresponding one of the sealing portions defines an adjustable water outlet hole.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an electrostatic chuck includes a ceramic dielectric substrate, a base plate, and first and second porous parts. The ceramic dielectric substrate includes first and second major surfaces. The second major surface is opposite to the first major surface. The base plate supports the ceramic dielectric substrate and includes a gas feed channel. The first porous part is provided in the ceramic dielectric substrate and is opposite to the gas feed channel. The second porous part is provided in the base plate and is opposite to the gas feed channel. The ceramic dielectric substrate includes a first hole part positioned between the first major surface and the first porous part. The first porous part includes a first porous region including pores and a first dense region. The second porous part includes a second porous region including pores and a second dense region.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a fuel injection valve that can be used in a gasoline engine and can take fuel into an injection hole with a small pressure loss near a seat portion on which a valve is seated. Thus, the present invention provides a fuel injection valve for a gasoline engine which includes: a plurality of injection holes; and a seat portion that opens and closes a fuel passage to the plurality of injection holes in cooperation with a valve. At least one fuel injection hole among the plurality of injection holes is configured in a shape such that an injection hole inlet has a long axis and a short axis, and the long axis is directed in a direction in which an extension line intersects with the seat portion.

Abstract: A sanitary shower device including a shower body including a fluid inlet configuration, a jet disk and an interposed fluid guidance, wherein jet output elements of the jet disk each have a first and a second fluid input opening and discharge fluid supplied via the first fluid input openings as a first shower jet with a first jet pattern and fluid supplied via the second fluid input openings as a second shower jet with a second jet pattern differing from the first jet pattern, a fluid control device including a fluid outlet connection configuration and a user-operated fluid control unit, and a fluid conduit configuration for fluid coupling of the fluid inlet configuration to the fluid outlet connection configuration.

Abstract: The invention relates to a gas injection element (10) for a system for distributing as gas inside a chamber of a fluid catalytic cracking unit. This injection element comprises a passage (14) passing right through it in a longitudinal direction (X), and —a metallic internal element (20) of which an internal surface (22) defines part of the through-passage (14) passing through in a longitudinal direction (X), —a hollow metal sleeve (30) accepting one end (20a) of the internal element (20) and attached thereto, —a hollow metal support (40) having an internal surface (42) defining the remainder of the through-passage passing through in the longitudinal direction (X), the said sleeve also being attached to one end of the support (40).

Abstract: An injector plate for a rocket engine assembly, for connection to the rocket engine assembly having a body with a fuel manifold that contains a fuel entry and a fuel passage ring encircling an axis, that fuels recirculation passages extending between portions of the fuel passage ring and fuel element passages, each fuel element passage extending to fuel outlets. The injector plate also has an oxidizer with an internal primary oxygen passage, secondary oxygen passages branching from the primary oxygen passage at an internal portion of the body to oxidizer outlets and tertiary oxygen passages branching from the secondary oxygen passages at an internal portion of the body to the oxidizer outlets. The fuel outlets and the oxidizer outlets are arranged to form outer and inner element grouping patterns.

Abstract: A gas diffusion system configured to feed a gas stream, in particular a passivating gas stream, into an apparatus, in particular a decomposer, of a urea plant; the system extends along an axis and has a gas feed conduit having an outlet from which the gas flows substantially parallel to the axis, and a diffuser assembly configured to diffuse the gas supply from the conduit; the diffuser assembly is shaped so as to intercept the gas stream flowing axially from the outlet, and divert the gas stream substantially radially with respect to the axis and uniformly about the axis.

Abstract: A gas pressure bearing element including a housing element with recesses, wherein the housing element is closed by a cover, wherein the recesses are defined by rib shaped intermediary walls and/or other island shaped protrusions and define first intermediary spaces between the intermediary walls and/or the island shaped protrusions, wherein the cover is formed in sections by a cured encasement compound provided with an open pore reinforcement mat, wherein the encasement compound has a flat surface that is processed after curing and forms a bearing surface for the gas pressure bearing element, wherein the bearing surface includes a plurality of gas outlet nozzles which are formed by micro holes penetrating the cover, and wherein the micro holes are provided at locations under which the first intermediary spaces are arranged below the cover, which first intermediary spaces form channels for a pressurized gas supply for the gas outlet nozzles.

Abstract: An apparatus and system for monitoring plant leaves to determine plant water needs and an automated variable-rate irrigation management system which can implement precision irrigation by taking into account specific plant water status is presented. Single or networked sensor platforms have a suite of sensors including a leaf temperature sensor for measuring leaf temperatures over time; an air temperature sensor; a relative humidity sensor for measuring relative humidity surrounding a leaf; a wind speed sensor for measuring wind speed surrounding a leaf; and an ambient light sensor for measuring solar radiation on the leaf. One platform has diffuser dome, leaf retainer and wind barrier structures. The sensor platform may have a computer processor and programming for obtaining and recording sensor measurements and determining plant water status in response to sensor measurements. The system may have a central control computer and communications link for communications with the platforms.

Abstract: An air manifold system that includes an improved air nozzle is provided. In one embodiment, the nozzle has an inlet and an outlet. The inlet of the nozzle may be shaped to conform to the curved outer surface of a main body of the air manifold, and may be welded thereto. The nozzle includes a variable section extending from the nozzle inlet to an intermediate transition point along the length of the nozzle, which has a converging inside diameter, which compensates for flow losses due to cornering. A resistive section extends from the transition point to the outlet, and has a generally constant diameter which is less than the inside diameter of the variable section measured at the nozzle inlet. In one embodiment, the length of the resistive section is less than the length of the variable section.

Abstract: A spray head (100) has an inlet (4) in fluid communication with a plurality of nozzles (15). The nozzles (15) are adapted to produce, in use, a jet of fluid (16) which is directed toward a respective impingement surface portion (22). The jet of fluid (16) impacts on the respective impingement surface portion (22) and breaks into a stream of droplets 23. The stream of droplets (23) has an elongate transverse cross-section.

Abstract: A fuel injector having an injector axis, comprising a first nozzle aiming in a first radial direction; a first nozzle pair aiming in radial directions each equally angled relative to the first direction, closest to the first radial direction, and having a longest radial offset; a nozzle second pair in radial directions each equally angled relative to the first direction; and another nozzle aiming opposite the first radial direction and having a shortest radial offset.

Abstract: A nozzle and system for manufacturing composite sandwich panels, including an input port configured to receive a fluidic production material for forming a composite sandwich panel; a branching element coupled to the input port, wherein the production material that enters the branching element is output from a first end and a second end of the branching element; and an elongate tubular member coupled to the first end and the second end of the branching element for receiving the production material, wherein the elongate tubular member has a first end; a second end and a plurality of openings formed in the elongate tubular member such that the received production material is output through the plurality of openings. In another embodiment, the nozzle includes a second plurality of openings formed in the elongate tubular member.

Abstract: A showerhead contains a chamber in connection with a connecting nozzle, said chamber from which the water is discharged from plurality of nipples formed on a membrane formed out of elastomeric material. The nipples feature a duct for the shower water. The nipples penetrate through openings of a perforated disc through the openings slightly larger than the outside diameter of the nipple. By shifting the perforated disc in a plane parallel to the membrane featuring the nipples, the direction of the nipple and thus the direction of the water jets discharged from the nipples will be changed. This adjustment can occur in two directions that are perpendicular to one another. The membrane is preferably approximately plane in shape, so that a front surface of the showerhead is likewise plane in shape.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a multiplex system for electrospraying an electrosprayable fluid to produce essentially uniform droplets in the cone-jet mode from multiple cone-jets anchored at the outlet of at least one atomizer when the at least one atomizer is in the presence of an electric field. The system comprises at least one electrode spaced from the outlet of the at least one atomizer such that the electric field is between the outlet of the at least one atomizer and the at least one electrode. The at least one atomizer is shaped for intensifying the electric field at discrete points at its outlet such that the electrosprayable fluid partitions into multiple monodispersed cone-jet electrosprays that anchor to the discrete points about the outlet of the at least one atomizer when a sufficiently intense electric field is present.

Abstract: A shower attachment which can be adjusted about a joint is proposed. The shower attachment comprises in one shower-attachment housing two water guides with in each case one outlet option. A changeover device can be used to change over between the two water guides. The changeover device comprises a valve having a valve closing body. In order to actuate the changeover device, an actuating element is provided on the shower-attachment housing and can be adjusted in two opposite directions relative to the shower-attachment housing. The two adjusting directions of the actuating element are at the same time directions which lead to a pivoting of the shower attachment about the joint axis.

Abstract: A multipoint fuel injection system includes a plurality of fuel manifolds. Each manifold is in fluid communication with a plurality of injectors arranged circumferentially about a longitudinal axis for multipoint fuel injection. The injectors of separate respective manifolds are spaced radially apart from one another for separate radial staging of fuel flow to each respective manifold.

Abstract: A gas-fired air conditioning furnace comprises a monolithic intake manifold including an inlet at a first end and a plurality of outlets at a second end opposite the first end. In addition, the furnace comprises a burner assembly including a plurality of burners, each burner is configured to combust an air-fuel mixture at least partially within an interior space of the burner. Further, each burner extends into one of the outlets of the intake manifold.

Abstract: A fluid agent applying multi-vent nozzle is capable of densely disposing ejecting vents. The multi-vent nozzle has a main body configured in a casing block, a raised surface provided at a distal end of the casing block, contoured and dimensioned corresponding to a target area to apply fluid agent to, and a plurality of ejecting vents defined in the raised surface.

Abstract: An injection device having at least one first spray hole and one second spray hole, which form a spray hole pair, the first and the second spray holes being situated so that a distance between the two spray holes is less than, or equal to twice a maximum opening edge distance at an inflow side of the two spray holes, and the spray hole axes of the first and the second spray holes being situated in directions that are different from each other.

Abstract: A system that incorporates teachings of the present disclosure may include, for example, an apparatus having a tube with an ingress opening to receive a liquid, and an egress opening to release the liquid, a conductor positioned in a conduit of the tube, the conductor and the conduit having dimensions to cause a surface tension of the liquid to prevent a constant flow of the liquid from the egress opening, and a power supply coupled to the conductor to apply a charge to the liquid to overcome the surface tension and form at the egress opening a single jet stream of the liquid applicable on a substrate to create a pattern. The single jet stream can be controllable in part by a viscosity of the liquid. Additional embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: A gas-fired air conditioning furnace comprises a monolithic intake manifold including an inlet at a first end and a plurality of outlets at a second end opposite the first end. In addition, the furnace comprises a burner assembly including a plurality of burners, each burner is configured to combust an air-fuel mixture at least partially within an interior space of the burner. Further, each burner extends into one of the outlets of the intake manifold.

Abstract: A gas injector includes: a plate including at least one first injection hole; and at least one nozzle module combined with the plate, the at least one nozzle module including at least one second injection hole connected to the at least one first injection hole.

Abstract: An arrangement for supplying a medium to an exhaust line of a combustion engine. The arrangement comprises a first exhaust passage defined by at least a first wall surface of an element, and a dosing device supplying the medium to the first exhaust passage. The arrangement is adapted to maintaining a degree of heating of the first wall surface so that the latter will be at a higher temperature than the medium's vaporization point when the liquid medium is supplied in the first exhaust passage. Therefore, even the medium which reaches the first wall surface will vaporize in the first exhaust passage.

Abstract: A fluid distribution system and method for mobile applications. The system includes a power source, a pump driven by the power source, and a motor driven by the pump. The system also includes a spray head with a fluid inlet passage, a fluid outlet passage, a fluid piston disposed in a chamber for controlled access between the inlet and outlet passages and defining a variable orifice, and a hydraulic cylinder controllably engaged to the orifice. The fluid piston and the hydraulic cylinder are aligned with a common longitudinal axis, and the inlet passage is offset from the axis in a direction opposed to the location of the outlet passage.

Abstract: According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a partition system includes a flexible partition expandable along at least its length and its height, at least one support element associated with the partition, and a fluid delivery system associated with the partition and configured to deliver a fluid to a space adjacent to the partition.

Abstract: A spray nozzle is provided that includes a nozzle body. The nozzle body has a fluid passageway extending from an upstream opening in the nozzle body. The fluid passageway has a longitudinal axis. A plurality of spray tips are provided with each supported on the nozzle body. Each spray tip has a discharge orifice in communication with the fluid passageway and configured to discharge fluid in a direction that is transverse to the longitudinal axis of the fluid passageway.

Abstract: Manual spraying device including a push-button that can be actuated manually, the push-button including a spray nozzle, the spray nozzle having an inner chamber adapted to receive a non-gaseous fluid product under pressure and delimited towards the outside by a perforated front wall, a reservoir for the fluid product to be sprayed, and a dispensing device that can be mechanically actuated by the push-button and adapted to transfer the fluid product from the reservoir to the inner chamber of the nozzle, the front wall having a plurality of calibrated holes, each having a diameter of between 1 and 100 ?m, the diameter of each hole not differing from a mean of the diameters of the various holes by more than 20%.

Abstract: An air manifold system that includes an improved air nozzle is provided. In one embodiment, the nozzle has an inlet and an outlet. The inlet of the nozzle may be shaped to conform to the curved outer surface of a main body of the air manifold, and may be welded thereto. The nozzle includes a variable section extending from the nozzle inlet to an intermediate transition point along the length of the nozzle, which has a converging inside diameter, which compensates for flow losses due to cornering. A resistive section extends from the transition point to the outlet, and has a generally constant diameter which is less than the inside diameter of the variable section measured at the nozzle inlet. In one embodiment, the length of the resistive section is less than the length of the variable section.

Abstract: Modular systems and methods for fluid dispersion are provided. A base module includes a modular frame structure and fluid distribution conduits secured within the frame structure. Diffuser assemblies or other equipment may be coupled to the fluid distribution conduits via a mating tube. The mating tube is inserted into an aperture in the wall of the fluid distribution conduit, and provides a fluid tight joining method.

Abstract: A nozzle is provided for use in a dynamic electrostatic air filter, in which the nozzle includes an internal electrode that charges a semiconductive liquid, and includes an external electrode that assists in breaking the liquid into droplets in a predetermined direction. Banks of multiple nozzles are also disclosed, which are separated by a charged “separation electrode” to prevent interference with spray patterns between adjacent banks. An electrostatic fountain is also disclosed which discharges a fragrance, or an inhalable medicine.

Abstract: A shower head includes a housing having a first side formed with a plurality of water outlet holes, a plurality of nozzles each detachably mounted in the respective water outlet hole, a top cover detachably mounted on an open second side of the housing, and a water dividing member detachably mounted on the top cover and connected to the inside of the housing. Thus, the top cover can be detached from the housing to facilitate a user washing the inside of the housing. In addition, each of the nozzles is made of a flexible material, so that each of the nozzles can be deformed to detach from the respective water outlet hole easily and quickly, thereby facilitating the user replacing the nozzles.

Abstract: A lubricant mist sprayer is composed by spray headers, which have lubricant and gas supply pipes integrally fixed to each other by fixing members and which are spaced apart a required distance from and are arranged in parallel with surfaces of pinch rolls, and mist nozzles which are arranged at required intervals longitudinally of the spray headers for spraying lubricant mist m over the surfaces of the pinch rolls and which communicate with the lubricant and gas supply pipes so as to make the lubricant mist sprayer compact in size and facilitate arrangement of the lubricant mist sprayer in a narrow space of a roll chamber surrounding the pinch rolls in a metal strip continuous caster.

Abstract: Disclosed is a showerhead of a CVD apparatus comprising a plate having an empty inside and provided with a plurality of injection holes at one surface thereof; and gas supplying pipes installed at the plate so as to supply gas, wherein introduced gas thereto is injected to an upper space of the wafer through the injection holes, the plate is divided in a radial manner on the basis of a center point to be divided into a plurality of sectors having respective inner spaces independently, and the gas supplying pipes are connected to the respective sectors. According to that, gas can be independently supplied to each sector of the showerhead, thereby easily applying the CVD apparatus not only to a batch type process but also to an atomic layer deposition method.

Abstract: A fuel injection valve is comprised of a nozzle plate which has at least four nozzle-hole sets. Each of the nozzle-hole sets has at least two nozzle holes through which fuel injection flows are injected and are collided with each other. The nozzle-hole sets are arranged into two aggregations so that the collided fuel injection flows are joined and are directed to two different directions.

Abstract: A showerhead as described herein includes a translucent hollow body having a fluid chamber, and a fluid distribution element configured to release fluid contained in the fluid chamber. The fluid distribution element includes a plurality of raised concentric rings having peaks that serve as the fluid release points. The fluid distribution element contains a number of fluid ducts that are specifically shaped to transport the fluid from the fluid chamber toward the fluid release points. The translucent nature of the showerhead creates an optical lens effect that illuminates the showerhead and the water droplets formed by the showerhead. The illumination of the water droplets creates a pleasant showering experience for the user.

Abstract: A fluid delivery module for use in preparing a substrate is provided. The fluid delivery module includes a process bowl designed to contain a substrate to be prepared. The process bowl has a bottom wall and a sidewall. The fluid delivery module further includes a fluid delivery ring configured to be attached to the sidewall of the process bowl. The fluid delivery ring includes a plurality of inlet and outlet pairs. Each of the plurality of inlet and outlet pairs is defined in the fluid ring and is designed to receive a respective supply tube. Each respective supply tube has an end that terminates at each of the outlets of the fluid delivery ring and is configured to direct fluid onto a surface of the substrate.

Abstract: Burner (1) comprising a head (2) with two groups of holes (4?, 4?) for the passage of fuel and comburent arranged in circles concentric to the burner axis, in which the various groups (5) of holes are separated by circular sectors without holes and the axes of the holes are oblique compared with the burner axis (X) to create special forms of flame.

Abstract: A showerhead as described herein includes a translucent hollow body having a fluid chamber, and a fluid distribution element configured to release fluid contained in the fluid chamber. The fluid distribution element includes a plurality of raised concentric rings having peaks that serve as the fluid release points. The fluid distribution element contains a number of fluid ducts that are specifically shaped to transport the fluid from the fluid chamber toward the fluid release points. The translucent nature of the showerhead creates an optical lens effect that illuminates the showerhead and the water droplets formed by the showerhead. The illumination of the water droplets creates a pleasant showering experience for the user.

Abstract: A fluid dispense tip includes a bevel at an opening to reduce the amount of surface tension, or “land”, at the opening. The bevel is formed by grinding in a longitudinal direction such that any tooling scars resulting from the grinding operation are likewise longitudinally oriented, further reducing the amount of surface tension in the tip, thereby leading to heightened dispensing accuracy. The tip may be machined from stock as a unitary piece, to increase its lifetime, and may be formed with a bore of a relatively large diameter that is tapered down to a smaller diameter near the tip opening, to allow for delivery of fluid through the tip body at a decreased pressure. The tip may optionally be formed with a Luer™-style fitting on the body, such that the tip is compatible with pumps that utilize such a fitting.

Abstract: A wedge-shaped nozzle for dispensing fluids onto a round surface is disclosed. The nozzle dispenses the fluid with a generally uniform volume of fluid per unit area of the round surface to achieve rapidly a uniform thickness of applied fluid on the round surface. The wedge-shaped nozzle has orifices of equal size disposed on its bottom through which the fluid is dispensed. The orifices are disposed along arcs, with increasing numbers of orifices on the arcs at greater and greater distances of the arcs from the apex of the wedge-shaped nozzle. The numbers of the orifices on each arc are proportional to the area of an annular region determined by the arcs.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described for improved yield and line width performance for liquid polymers and other materials. A method for minimizing precipitation of developing reactant by lowering a sudden change in pH includes: developing at least a portion of a polymer layer on a substrate with an initial charge of a developer fluid; then rinsing the polymer with an additional charge of the developer fluid so as to controllably minimize a subsequent sudden change in pH; and then rinsing the polymer with a charge of another fluid. An apparatus for minimizing fluid impingement force on a polymer layer to be developed on a substrate includes: a nozzle including: a developer manifold adapted to supply a developer fluid; a plurality of developer fluid conduits coupled to the developer manifold; a rinse manifold adapted to supply a rinse fluid; and a plurality of rinse fluid conduits coupled to the developer manifold.