Abstract: The present application provides a composite wheel, including spokes, a rim and a central disc, one end of each spoke being connected to the central disc and the other end of each spoke being connected to the rim, each spoke includes a spoke skeleton and a spoke shell, and the spoke skeleton is wrapped by the spoke shell; and the spoke shell is made of plastic, rubber, nylon or resin. The technical solution of the present application brings the beneficial technical effects of overcoming the contradiction between the pursuit of the artistic design effect of the wheel and the pursuit of the lightweight of the wheel and meeting the strength requirement of the wheel.

Abstract: A vertical roll mill may include a grinding plate, a grinding roll, a nozzle ring that horizontally surrounds the grinding plate, an air feed apparatus disposed under the nozzle ring, a discharge element disposed below or in a region of the air feed apparatus, and a bypass apparatus disposed in the nozzle ring. The bypass apparatus may form a connection between the nozzle ring and the discharge element. Further, the bypass apparatus can discharge particles that are difficult to grind, for example, ductile particles such as iron particles, from the grinding process. In some examples, the bypass apparatus includes a gas-impermeable outer skin in the region of the air feed apparatus.

Abstract: A method and system of recycling aluminum alloy rims, the method and system comprising providing a feed of a plurality of aluminum alloy rims of different alloys, for each rim in the feed of aluminum alloy rims, determining a composition of that aluminum alloy rim, determining a plurality of recycled aluminum alloy composition ranges, and dividing the feed of aluminum alloy rims into a plurality of batches of aluminum alloy rims, each batch of aluminum alloy rims in the plurality of batches of aluminum alloy rims corresponding to an associated recycled aluminum alloy composition range in the plurality of recycled aluminum composition ranges, such that each rim in the plurality of aluminum alloy rims is allocated to an associated batch in the plurality of batches of aluminum alloy rims based on the composition of that aluminum alloy rim.

Abstract: The invention is intended for integrated decontamination of soils contaminated with mercury (amalgam) or/and radionuclides. Method for soil decontamination includes preparation of pulp by mixing soils with water at the soil sampling point with separation of fraction with fragments more than 100 mm in the pulp preparation module, disintegration of pulp and soil aggregates in the disintegration module with separation of plants residues and fraction with fragments more than 10 mm. Pulp thickening. In the hydroclassification module the pulp is separated into sand and fine particle fractions, the fine particle fraction goes to the dehydration module, designed as a concentrator, where it is thickened and dehydrated for further disposal. If mercury and amalgam are present in soils they are separated in the thickening module.

Abstract: A system includes a first magnetic separator, which includes a first housing or is installed in a user's first housing process system, defining a product flow path through which a material may pass, one or more magnets that generate a magnetic field that is positioned within the product flow path to attract metal from the material as the material passes through the product flow path, and a first sensor to detect a presence of captured metal contaminants on the one or more magnets, such as via a measurement of a strength of the magnetic field. The system includes a first controller configured to receive a signal from the first sensor, the signal indicating the presence of the captured metal contaminants on the one or more magnets, and send an instruction related to the signal.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a non-molded solid fuel using a combustible waste material includes (a) primarily crushing an inflowing waste material using a bag-tearing and crushing device, (b) separating iron from the primarily crushed waste material using a first magnetic sorter, (c) sorting the waste material, from which the iron is separated, according to the particle size of the waste material using a first oscillating multi-stage particle-size sorter, (d) secondarily crushing the waste material having a large particle size using an impact crusher, (e) separating the iron from the secondarily crushed waste material using a second magnetic sorter, (f) sorting the waste material, from which the iron is separated, according to the weight of the waste material using a wind power sorter, (g) separating the iron from a light material, and (h) pulverizing the waste material, from which the iron is separated.

Abstract: The present invention provides a producing method of a rare earth sintered magnet which is suitable as a producing method of a high performance rare earth sintered magnet which can reduce the number of steps for reusing defective molded bodies generated in a wet molding step of the rare earth sintered magnet, and which has a small content amount of oxygen. The invention also provides a slurry recycling method used for the producing method, and a slurry recycling apparatus. Each of the methods includes a crushing step of crushing, in mineral oil and/or synthetic fluid, a molded body in which slurry formed from alloy powder for a rare earth sintered magnet and mineral oil and/or synthetic fluid is wet molded in magnetic field, and recycling the crushed molded body into slurry.

Abstract: Systems and methods for producing engineered fuels from solid waste material are described herein. In some embodiments, a method includes receiving a waste stream at a multi-material processing platform and separating the waste stream to remove non-processable waste and marketable recyclables. The method further includes conveying processable materials to a material classification system and incorporating additives to produce an engineered fuel from the constituents of the waste stream.

Abstract: A method and system is used to process slag material to yield by-products including a finished iron rich product and a finished low iron fines product. The by-products may include a finished high iron product and a finished medium iron product. The method and system include size classifying the material into a plurality of sized groups prior to using magnetic separation to separate at least one of the sized groups into two portions having differing magnetic susceptibilities. The method and system may include more than one phase of size classifying the material into a plurality of sized groups and using magnetic separation to separate at least one of the sized groups into portions, where the average size of the material remaining after one phase is reduced prior to the subsequent phase.

Abstract: A method of separating a mined material that comprises assessing the grade of successive segments of the mined material, and separating each segment on the basis of grade into a category that is at or above a grade threshold or a category that is below the grade threshold. An apparatus is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for recycling discarded batteries by chopping or crushing to recover reusable materials, the method comprising the steps, sorting a plurality of batteries into groups by battery technology; removing button-cell batteries from said groups; chopping said groups of batteries into pieces approximately one quarter inch or less, to produce final particle matter; removing ferro-magnetic material form said final particulate matter; transferring said final particulate matter to refining or smelting process to recover to recover reusable materials.

Abstract: What is presented is a process for scrap metal processing for shredding and sorting recoverable material from a material stream that comprises a ferrous fraction, a non-ferrous fraction, a waste fraction and a less ferrous fraction that includes composite materials. The process comprises first shredding the material stream with a first shredder to a size that enables downstream processing. The shredded material stream is then conveyed to at least one drum separator to remove the non-ferrous fraction from the material stream and then conveyed to a first conveyor separator to further separate the ferrous fraction from the material stream. At the completion of these steps the remaining material stream to be handled by downstream processes represents 10% to 40% of the original material stream as compared to 70% to 75% of the material stream in the prior art.

Abstract: A method of enriching the iron content of low grade iron ore bearing materials has been developed which produces a high iron ore concentrate suitable for processing into pig iron and steel. The process includes reducing the low grade iron ore bearing materials to a fine particulate form and treating a water slurry of this material by applying a combination of ultrasonic treatments in a plurality of high and low intensity magnetic separation operations to remove interfering materials and concentrate magnetic and paramagnetic iron bearing materials into a high grade ore stock.

Abstract: A method for processing a supply of post consumer scrap linear low density or low density polyethylene film into near-virgin quality blown film product. The method includes tearing the supply of film in a shredder, wherein the surface area of the film is exposed, including delaminating the film. The torn supply of film is washed in a water bath including a surfactant. The film is agitated in the bath containing the surfactant wherein contaminants on the film are removed from the film. The washed film is ground into smaller pieces and additional washing of the ground film in a rotating friction washer occurs wherein additional contaminants are removed from the film. The ground film is then dried and compacted without addition of water into granulated objects of near-virgin quality blown film product.

Abstract: A process for the recovery of a plastic product from ASR or ESR mixtures can include five or more process steps selected from DEXRT; XRF; size reduction; density separation; NIR sorting; Electrostatic separation; LD sorting; Wood removal; rubber removal; metal removal; and glass removal.

Abstract: Processing waste materials to recover valuable metals, such as copper, from the materials. The disclosed systems and methods employ processes that further refine the waste materials to concentrate the metallic material after the waste materials are initially processed. Processes include employing air separation and screening. Processes also include employing a dynamic sensor and a vacuum pressure separator to separate metals from other materials. A central processing facility may process metal concentrate from multiple concentration facilities.

Abstract: A system and a method for separating rare earth element compounds from a slurry of mixed rare earth element compounds, comprising flowing the slurry of mixed rare earth element compounds through at least a first channel rigged with at least a first magnet along a length thereof and connected to at least a first output channel at the position of the magnet, and retrieving individual rare earth element compounds and/or groups of rare earth element compounds, separated from the slurry as they are selectively attracted by the magnet and directed in the corresponding output channel according to their respective ratio of magnetic susceptibility (??) to specific density (??).

Abstract: A method of enriching the iron content of low-grade iron-bearing ore materials has been developed which produces a high iron ore concentrate suitable for processing into pig iron and steel. The process includes reducing the low-grade iron-bearing ore materials to a fine particulate form and treating a water slurry of this material by applying a combination of ultrasonic treatments in a plurality of high and low intensity magnetic separation operations to remove interfering materials and concentrate magnetic and paramagnetic iron-bearing materials into a high-grade ore stock.

Abstract: A method for extracting copper, including: 1) inputting a copper cinder into a ball grinder to grind, screening, transferring resulting coarse grains to a first magnetic separator to yield a copper concentrate I and magnetic minerals, and returning the magnetic minerals to the ball grinder; 2) transferring resulting fine grains from the screening to a classifier to yield a deposited sand and an overflowing slurry, returning the deposited sand to the ball grinder, transferring the overflowing slurry to a flotation unit to yield a copper concentrate II and a gangue; 3) transferring the gangue to a second magnetic separator to separate a non-magnetic mineral from a magnetic mineral, transferring the non-magnetic mineral to a gravity concentrator to get a semi-qualified product, and transferring the semi-qualified product to a table concentrator to yield a copper concentration III; 4) discharging the gangue and the magnetic mineral.

Abstract: Systems and methods for providing a quantity of cullet having at least two colors of glass from an input stream of recyclable material and non-recyclable material. In an embodiment, the system includes a sortation station, a screening apparatus, an air classifier, and a crushing apparatus to provide as output substantially pure cullet having at least two colors.

Abstract: A system for processing slag material from a steelmaking process includes reducing the average particle size of slag from a steelmaking process into finer particle size material by directing the slag against a surface at a velocity sufficient to cause the slag to break into smaller pieces, and separating the finer particle size material into at least an iron rich product and a silicate rich product based on the differences between these products in at least one or more properties including magnetic susceptibility, particle size, weight or specific gravity. Directing the slag against a surface to reduce the average slag particle size can better separate the dissimilar materials in the slag from each other, and result in less dust generation and less energy consumption compared to grinding the slag material.

Abstract: Processing waste materials to recover valuable metals, such as copper, from the materials. The disclosed systems and methods employ processes that further refine the waste materials to concentrate the metallic material after the waste materials are initially processed. Processes include employing air separation and screening. Processes also include employing a dynamic sensor and a vacuum pressure separator to separate metals from other materials.

Abstract: An easy and effective method for purifying graphene powder by removing magnetic impurities, wherein magnetic impurities are incorporated during the process of fabricating the graphene powder, is provided. The method for purifying graphene powder, the method including: (1) ball-milling a graphite material to form graphene powder; (2) dispersing the graphene powder in a solvent to form a suspension; and (3) separating magnetic impurities during stirring the suspension, by using a magnet, Wherein the magnetic impurities were incorporated into the graphene powder during ball-milling from the balls and dispersed in the suspension.

Abstract: A layer (71), made from a material that is attracted by a magnet, is formed in at least part of a chamber component (70), which at least part makes in contact with a film forming material. A method for collecting a film forming material includes the steps of: (a) exfoliating an attachment (22) which has attached to a surface of the chamber component (70); and (b) collecting the attachment (22) by separating a fragment of the layer (71), which fragment has been exfoliated in the step (a), while causing the fragment to be attracted by a magnet (202a).

Abstract: In a method and equipment for conditioning low-metal scrap high in plastics, which contains at least partially scrap high in plastics from shredder processes, especially of scrap vehicles, the method includes: splitting up ferromagnetic components from the scrap that is high in plastics; separating a first raw sand fraction from the scrap high in plastics that has been reduced in metals; reducing in size the fraction high in plastics that remains after the isolation of the first raw sand fraction; separating a second raw sand fraction after reducing in size the remaining fraction high in plastics; and splitting up the remaining fraction, that is high in plastics, into a light fraction and a heavy fraction. The equipment has the appropriate device for carrying out the individual method steps.

Abstract: A method for recycling discarded batteries by chopping or crushing to recover reusable materials, the method comprising the steps, sorting a plurality of batteries into groups by battery technology; removing button-cell batteries from said groups; chopping said groups of batteries into pieces approximately one quarter inch or less, to produce final particule matter; removing ferro-magnetic material form said final particulate matter; transferring said final particulate matter to refining or smelting process to recover to recover reusable materials.

Abstract: A layer (71), made from a material that is attracted by a magnet, is formed in at least part of a chamber component (70), which at least part makes in contact with a film forming material. A method for collecting a film forming material includes the steps of: (a) exfoliating an attachment (22) which has attached to a surface of the chamber component (70); and (b) collecting the attachment (22) by separating a fragment of the layer (71), which fragment has been exfoliated in the step (a), while causing the fragment to be attracted by a magnet (202a).

Abstract: A method for processing a supply of post consumer scrap linear low density or low density polyethylene film into near-virgin quality blown film product. The method includes tearing the supply of film in a shredder, wherein the surface area of the film is exposed, including delaminating the film. The torn supply of film is washed in a water bath including a surfactant. The film is agitated in the bath containing the surfactant wherein contaminants on the film are removed from the film. The washed film is ground into smaller pieces and additional washing of the ground film in a rotating friction washer occurs wherein additional contaminants are removed from the film. The ground film is then dried and compacted without addition of water into granulated objects of near-virgin quality blown film product.

Abstract: A method of enriching the iron content of low grade iron ore bearing materials has been developed which produces a high iron ore concentrate suitable for processing into pig iron and steel. The process includes reducing the low grade iron ore bearing materials to a fine particulate form and treating a water slurry of this material by applying a combination of ultrasonic treatments in a plurality of high and low intensity magnetic separation operations to remove interfering materials and concentrate magnetic and paramagnetic iron bearing materials into a high grade ore stock.

Abstract: Methods and systems for separating a mixed waste into a wet organic fraction, a dry organic fraction, and an inorganic fraction are achieved by (i) comminuting the mixed solid waste, (ii) fractionating the comminuted stream by size to produce two or more particle-sized waste streams, and (iii) processing one or more of the particle-sized waste streams using density separation to produce an intermediate wastes stream, and (iv) recovering a homogenous product (e.g., a recyclable material or an organic fuel) from the intermediate waste stream.

Abstract: A method for separating a particle mixture into a first and second fraction, the first fraction of particles having an electrical conductivity greater than the particles of the second fraction, by a) ionizing air to have the same polarity with a corona electrode; b) mixing the ionized air with a fluidized particle mixture containing two particle fractions with different electrical conductivities, to obtain a fluidized particle mixture ionized to have the same polarity; d) precipitating particles of the second fraction from the particle mixture on a collection electrode moving relative to the particle mixture, where the collection electrode is grounded or has an opposite charge to the corona electrode; e) removing particles adhered to the collection electrode as the second fraction; and f) obtaining the first fraction from particles of the particle mixture which do not adhere to the collection electrode.

Abstract: A method of grinding a mineral material (10) containing at least calcium impurities implemented in a plant (1) including a grinder (2) and a granulometric selection device, referred to as a selector device (3), able to separate the materials into two fractions. The method includes the following steps: grinding the mineral material by material bed compression with the grinder to obtain a ground material, separating the ground material into a fine fraction and a coarse fraction with the selector device, returning the coarse fraction (13) to the grinder (2) for a further grinding step. At least part of the ground material is subjected to sorting intended to separate the metal impurities from the mineral materials. A plant as it stands, and the method and installation will find a particular use for producing hydraulic binders such as cement.

Abstract: The method and systems efficiently extract recyclable materials from a mixed solid waste stream. The methods and systems use sizing, density and dimensional separation to produce intermediate waste streams that are enriched in particular recyclable materials. The recyclable materials can then be efficiently sorted from the individual intermediate streams using mechanized sorting equipment.

Abstract: Methods and systems for separating a mixed waste into a wet organic fraction, a dry organic fraction, and an inorganic fraction are achieved by (i) comminuting the mixed solid waste, (ii) fractionating the comminuted stream by size to produce two or more particle-sized waste streams, and (iii) processing one or more of the particle-sized waste streams using density separation to produce an intermediate wastes stream, and (iv) recovering a homogenous product (e.g., a recyclable material or an organic fuel) from the intermediate waste stream.

Abstract: Processing waste materials to recover valuable metals, such as copper, from the materials. The disclosed systems and methods employ processes that further refine the waste materials to concentrate the metallic material after the waste materials are initially processed. Processes include employing air separation and screening. Processes also include employing a dynamic sensor and a vacuum pressure separator to separate metals from other materials.

Abstract: In a method of reclaiming constituent components of sealed batteries, the batteries are initially ground to form a ground feedstock. The ground feedstock is heated to form a dried feedstock. The dried feedstock is screen separated into a coarse fraction and a powder fraction, the coarse fraction including a magnetic fraction and a non-magnetic fraction. The coarse fraction and the powder fraction are further vibratorily segregated. The magnetic fraction may be magnetically extracted from the coarse fraction, while the powder fraction is outputted.

Abstract: The method and systems efficiently extract recyclable materials from a mixed solid waste stream. The methods and systems use sizing, density and dimensional separation to produce intermediate waste streams that are enriched in particular recyclable materials. The recyclable materials can then be efficiently sorted from the individual intermediate streams using mechanized sorting equipment.

Abstract: A method for reducing the content of a heavy metal in a mixture of solid plastic materials, wherein the mixture includes plastic flakes and there are at least two different colors of plastic flakes in the mixture. A percentage of each of two or more colors of flakes in the mixture is determined. A heavy metal content in the mixture based on the determined percentages is predicted. Whether the predicted content of the heavy metal in the mixture exceeds a pre-determined threshold is determined. If the predicted content exceeds the pre-determined threshold, a color sorting step is performed to obtain a subset of the mixture of plastic flakes, wherein the subset of the mixture of plastic flakes has a lower heavy metal content than the mixture prior to the color sorting step.

Abstract: In a method and a system for sorting shredder residues of metal-containing wastes, in particular from vehicle body shells, shredder residues are separated into a shredder light fraction and a non-ferromagnetic fraction. The method and system provide for a raw-granulate fraction being produced during the sorting of the shredder light fraction and the shredder heavy fraction in preliminary processes and a main process, by separating out at least one ferromagnetic fraction, a nonferrous-metal fraction, a fiber fraction, and a sand fraction, and the raw-granulate fraction being split up in a refining process.

Abstract: Systems and methods for increasing recyclable material recovery from automobile shredder residue. Embodiments include substantially isotropic quantization separation of automobile shredder residue such as a wind tunnel system and even substantially horizontal laminar air flow and can be used with or without out other traditional automobile shredder residue sorting systems perhaps creating additional recyclable quantities and even better separated results such as with zorba and zurik and the like.

Abstract: A process for industrial disposal for electro-waste. The process contains steps for separating material that are contained in such waste, for re-introducing material into a re-using process in order to save resources and to meet ecologic and economic interests.

Abstract: In a method of recycling sealed batteries, the batteries are shredded to form a shredded feedstock. The shredded feedstock is heated above ambient temperature and rolled to form a dried material. The dried material is screen separated into a coarse fraction and a powder fraction and the powder fraction is output. A system for recycling sealed cell batteries comprises an oven with a first conveyor extending into the oven. A rotatable tunnel extends within the oven from an output of the first conveyor. The tunnel has a spiral vane depending from its inner surface which extends along a length of the tunnel. A second conveyor is positioned below an output of the rotatable tunnel.

Abstract: A first object of the present invention is a process for dry grinding of one or more mineral materials which include at least one calcium carbonate, characterized in that the said process includes the stages of: a) crushing the mineral material or materials in at least one crushing unit until a crushed material is obtained with a d95 of less than 10 cm; b) possibly improving the material crushed according to stage a); c) dry grinding the material crushed according to stage a) and/or b) in at least one grinding unit: (i) in the presence of at least one comb-type hydrophilic polymer containing at least one polyalkylene oxide function grafted on to at least one unsaturated ethylene monomer, (ii) in such a manner that the quantity of liquid in the said grinding unit is less than 15% by dry weight of the said material crushed in the said crushing unit; d) possibly classifying the material dry ground according to stage c) with at least one classification unit; e) possibly repeating stages c) and/or d) on all

Abstract: Clean glass particles are produced from post-consumer mixed glass and like waste streams by a series of pulverizing, size- and material-based separation, ozonation, drying, sizing, and paper fluff removal steps.

Abstract: The invention provides for methods, systems, and devices for processing rubber materials including rubber from tires, tubes, shoe soles, or any other rubber containing product. Characteristics of the rubber materials, such as chemical composition and/or product manufacturer, model, and manufacture date, can be identified. Identification can be performed by personnel, can be automated, or can be a combination thereof. The characteristics of the rubber material can be used to sort the rubber product. Rubber materials suitable for a particular end product can be selected for further processing, which can include size reduction, material separation, chemical and physical processes, devulcanization, or a combination thereof. Processed rubber materials can be stored or delivered to a user or manufacturing site with product specifications.

Abstract: A method of removing iron from waste slag from a steel producing furnace that reduces the size of the waste slag to slag particles in a reduction zone. The slag particles are advanced along a conveyor in a first direction. A first and second magnet are positioned adjacent the conveyor to remove slag particles that have a sufficient iron content to be attached by the first and second magnets. A first removal belt is advanced between the first magnet and the conveyor to remove slag particles removed from the conveyor by the first magnet. A second removal belt is advanced between the second magnet and the conveyor to remove slag particles removed from the conveyor by the second magnet. A first and second separation screens are positioned along the conveyor to remove particles not removed by the first or second magnets that are small enough to pass through the first and second separation screens.

Abstract: A method for the recovery of refractory debris materials and ladle slags as process slags in the iron metallurgy production in EAFs and the related metering to the furnace for the formation of the process slag comprises the following steps: grinding and screening of the refractory debris materials until powders of controlled granulometry are obtained, storage of the powders in storage sites, injection of the powders into an EAF furnace by means of automatic metering of the various components.

Abstract: Method for reusing bituminous products (11), in particular bitumen containing roofing materials and membranes, wherein the bitumen containing products are placed in a second hopper (9), where a particulate material having a grain size between 5 mm and 35 mm is placed in a first hopper (5), and that in the bottom of the second hopper, conveyor means (10) urges the bituminous material into a mixing chamber (8), and that inside said mixing chamber a milling and/or crushing wheel (14) is arranged, which wheel engages and crushes/mills the material transported from the second hopper in an engagement zone, and at the same position as the wheel engages the bituminous material, the particulate material by means of a first conveyor (7) is fed into the engagement zone, and that the wheel's action will fragment the materials and at the same time mix the fragmented bituminous materials and the particulate materials, and transport the material past a sieve (15), where material having a particle size smaller than the sieve

Abstract: A method for recovering valuable metals contained in printed circuit boards of waste electronic machine, and more particularly, a method for liberating metal and plastic laminated in waste printed circuit boards uses an organic solvent and then separates and recovers the liberated metal components using an electrostatic separation process.

Abstract: Clean glass particles are produced from post-consumer mixed glass and like waste streams by a series of pulverizing, size- and material-based separation, ozonation, drying, sizing, and paper fluff removal steps.