Abstract: A device is provided that includes a heat conductive structure; a heat transfer structure for extracting heat from the heat conductive structure by means of a boundary layer; a motor for rotating the heat transfer structure relative to the heat conductive structure; and a vertical fixing mechanism for allowing the heat transfer structure to rotate above the heat conductive structure without making contact with the heat conductive structure so as to define a boundary layer between the heat conductive structure and heat transfer structure, wherein the heat transfer structure extracts heat from the heat conductive structure by means of the boundary layer, and wherein the heat conductive structure includes small geometric turbulators.

Abstract: A biomass fractionation apparatus includes a vessel having a processing chamber, an inlet configured to receive a biomass into the processing chamber, and an outlet configured to discharge processed biomass from the chamber. A bed plate is movably positioned within the processing chamber and includes a plurality of elongated fins extending outwardly therefrom in substantially parallel spaced-apart relationship. A cylindrical rotor is rotatably secured within the processing chamber in adjacent, spaced-apart relationship with the bed plate. The rotor has a plurality of elongated blades extending radially outwardly therefrom in circumferentially spaced-apart relationship. Upon rotation of the rotor, the blades are configured to accelerate a biomass within the processing chamber against the fins of the bed plate and to cause the bed plate to pulsate against the rotor.

Abstract: A jaw crusher having a fixed jaw and a swing jaw disposed between opposing side walls of the jaw crusher. The swing jaw is movable relative to the fixed jaw for generating impelling forces to crush material present between the two jaws. The jaw crusher includes a cross beam which extends between the opposing side walls and a toggle plate is provided between a rear face of the swing jaw and the cross beam. Pressure cylinders are provided for applying a load to the cross beam, to provide a reaction to forces generated during movement of the swing jaw. The jaw crusher comprises a locking arrangement for selectively preventing substantial movement of the cross beam against the action of the pressure cylinders.

Abstract: A device and method for comminuting ore and/or slag comprises an ore feeding unit for feeding ore to a pulverizer, wherein the pulverizer includes at least two comminuting elements that form at least one comminuting space for the ore such that, by a relative movement in the form of a rotation of at least one of the comminuting elements, the ore is pulverized. One or more accelerating elements are provided on at least one of the comminuting elements for accelerating and comminuting the ore by the rotation of one of the comminuting elements. An intermediate space is provided between two comminuting elements and/or in at least one of the comminuting elements, through which the pulverized ore, during the rotation, is transported from the center of rotation, and an outlet unit is provided, which is connected to the intermediate space and through which the pulverized ore is discharged.

Abstract: A crusher system, including a first crushing surface and a second crushing surface which are operative to crush material between them. A hydraulic system is operative to adjust a gap between the first crushing surface and the second crushing surface by adjusting a position of the first crushing surface with a hydraulic cylinder connected to the first crushing surface. The hydraulic system includes an accumulator connected to the hydraulic cylinder by a hydraulic liquid conduit. The accumulator includes a hydraulic liquid chamber and a gas chamber separated from the hydraulic liquid chamber. The accumulator has a preloading pressure that is the pressure of the gas chamber when the hydraulic liquid chamber is empty, which is at least 0.3 MPa lower than a mean operating pressure of the hydraulic cylinder, such that the accumulator is active and variations occurring in the hydraulic pressure of the hydraulic cylinder during operation of the crusher system are attenuated.