Abstract: This disclosure relates to a refiner plate segment, mechanical refiners, and methods to manufacture a refiner plate segment having one or more water channels disposed in a variable substrate profile along the radial length of a refiner plate segment base and disposed between the refiner plate segment inlet and the primary refining section, wherein the variable substrate profile comprises an undulating curve configured to complement a second undulating curve on an opposing refiner plate, and wherein dimensions of the one or more water channels are sufficiently narrow to prevent wood chips from entering the water channels and sufficiently wide to provide a bypass path for the free water.

Abstract: An impeller assembly with an impeller and a cutter bar plate is used in a chopper pump system which handles liquid material sometimes entrained with large debris and stringy matter. The debris and matter present clogging hazards, which are reduced by a combination of scissoring between sharpened impeller blades and shearing fingers, and between cutting wings and shearing fingers. To make the cutting feature more aggressive, sharpened edges along two of the scissoring edges of the shearing fingers are utilized. Preferably, the sharpened edges are either the result of machined v-notches on the cutting surface of the shearing fingers or of a casted part having a cupped surface. Generally speaking, the impeller assembly comprises an impeller attached to a rotatable pump shaft and includes a back shroud.

Abstract: A centrifugal pump with a cutter mechanism has a toothed cutter auger affixed to an impeller, and a toothed cutter stator affixed to the volute casing. The auger is a rotor cutter preferably profiled radially to match the inlet geometry of the impeller vanes while extending along its central axis towards the pump suction. The auger is preferably radially concentric to the impeller and includes vanes numbered preferably to match the number of vanes on the impeller. The auger is affixed to the impeller, preferably with a lockscrew threaded into a common pump shaft. The radial profile of the auger essentially makes a continuous vane with the impeller, and prevents solids from hanging on the inlet vane tip or center void while providing a smooth flow transition into the impeller.

Abstract: A food mixing machine appliance is presented for mixing ingredients. The machine has a base unit that can rest on a horizontal surface, a motor positioned in the base unit, a bowl attached to the base unit, and a mixing tool positioned in the bowl. The bowl has a longitudinal axis that extends at an angle that is non-parallel relative to a gravitational direction while the base unit is resting on the horizontal surface, and the mixing tool is operably connected to the motor to receive a torque from the motor and to move within the bowl to mix contents of the bowl. The non-parallel longitudinal axis of the bowl may improve mixing quality and may allow the mixer to better mix small amounts of ingredients in the bowl.

Abstract: An apparatus comprises: a hopper for feeding biomass; a horizontal extruder comprising a cylindrical housing and a rotatable screw mounted in the housing, in which one side of the housing is connected to the hopper, and an outlet provided at the other side of the housing is connected to an inlet for feeding biomass into a refiner; and a refiner comprising a stator disc having a cooling water space formed on the outer peripheral surface thereof, one or more enzyme feeding holes provided in a refining region adjacent to the circumference of the stator disc, and a biomass inlet provided at the central portion thereof, and a refining disc which is disposed so as to form a gap with the inner surface of the stator disc and to have a refining region opposite to that of the stator disc and is rotated by a separate motor.

Abstract: Device for dispersing a water-soluble polymer including a rotor equipped with knives, a fixed stator, over all or part of the periphery of the chamber, a ring fed by a secondary water circuit, characterised in that the rotor knives and the stator are made out of austeno-ferritic stainless steel and in that the stator comes in the form of a cylinder in the wall of which are cut vertical slits produced on part of the height of the wall, the slits having a width of between 150 and 700 micrometers.

Abstract: A cutting machine for cutting a vegetable product includes a frame, supporting a product flow path, at least three links, pivotally attached to the frame, a cutting plate, pivotally attached to each of the three links at three pivot points and oriented substantially perpendicular to the flow path, a plurality of cutting knives, carried by the cutting plate, each having a generally corrugated configuration defining adjacent peaks and troughs, the cutting knives oriented angularly with respect to each other, and a drive motor, coupled to rotationally drive at least one of the links with respect to the frame, whereby the cutting plate moves in an orbital motion in a plane substantially perpendicular to the flow path, thereby moving the cutting knives sequentially and repeatedly across the product flow path.

Abstract: The present invention can suppress variations in dispersion and grinding processing, apply stable shearing force to a material to be processed, and also enable efficient dispersion and grinding. The present invention has a supply portion (10A), a processing portion (10B), and a discharge portion (10C). The processing portion (10B) includes a stator (12b), and a rotor (11b). The material to be processed is processed in a gap (Gt) between an outer peripheral surface of the rotor (11b) and an inner peripheral surface of the stator (12b). The inner peripheral surface of the stator (12b) and the outer peripheral surface of the rotor (11b) are circular in a cross section orthogonally intersecting the axis of the rotor (11b) and linear in a cross section bearing the axis. The gap (Gt) is constant in the circumferential direction and the axial direction.

Abstract: A food homogenizer is provided, including a base with a driving motor and a homogenizer assembly removably coupled to the base. The homogenizer assembly includes a homogenizing chamber, an inlet chute, and an exit spout. A shredder is disposed within the homogenizing chamber and is driven by the driving motor to homogenize food ingredients into a soft texture with a similar consistency as ice cream or sherbet.

Abstract: A device and method for processing aggregate material, in particular for preparing olive paste for the extraction of oil. The device includes a housing having an inlet for receiving aggregate material, a driving shaft coinciding with the central longitudinal axis of the housing, a crushing drum mounted on an eccentric segment of the driving shaft, free to rotate thereabout, and a final grinder located downstream from the crushing drum.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process and an apparatus for the treatment of a material in the form of fragments or particles which is moved and/or rotated, mixed, heated and, if appropriate, comminuted by at least one mixing element (12, 21) in a receiver or cutter-compactor (1), where, in the course of the process, undesired substances which impair the treatment of and/or further operations on the material are removed from the material by introducing a gas, in particular air or an inert gas, in a region below the level of the material located in the receiver (1) during its operation, or below the level of material of the mixing vortex which forms within the receiver (1), where the gas is forced to flow through at least a subregion of the material, and where the gas then saturated with, or with an increased concentration of, undesired substances is discharged from the receiver (1) in a region above the level of the material located in the receiver (1) during its operation or above the level of the material of th

Abstract: A device and method for comminuting ore and/or slag comprises an ore feeding unit for feeding ore to a pulverizer, wherein the pulverizer includes at least two comminuting elements that form at least one comminuting space for the ore such that, by a relative movement in the form of a rotation of at least one of the comminuting elements, the ore is pulverized. One or more accelerating elements are provided on at least one of the comminuting elements for accelerating and comminuting the ore by the rotation of one of the comminuting elements. An intermediate space is provided between two comminuting elements and/or in at least one of the comminuting elements, through which the pulverized ore, during the rotation, is transported from the center of rotation, and an outlet unit is provided, which is connected to the intermediate space and through which the pulverized ore is discharged.

Abstract: A method and system are presented for grinding and reclaiming of polymer material such as a rubber. The apparatus comprising a stator (4) and a rotor (2) in near face-to-face relationship with each other forming an operating zone for rubber grinding and reclaiming therebetween. The stator (4) has a substantially flat smooth face surface and the rotor (2) has a concave face surface with a depth gradually decreased from a center to a periphery thereof. The rotor further comprising at least one curved protrusion (30) with a radius of curvature gradually increased from the center to the periphery of the rotor.

Abstract: A wearable surface for a device configured for material comminution wherein the wearable surface is comprised of a first metal structure attached to at least one insert via a deformation of a portion of the first metal structure by a transfer of force caused by igniting at least one explosive material, the inserts being harder than the first metal structure wherein the wear surface is sized and configured to support or retain a material to be impacted and crushed by the crushing body. The wearable surface may be, for example, a semi-autogenous layer of a roller or may be a wearable surface of a crushing body of a crushing device configured to impact, crush, or grind material such as rock, minerals, ore or agglomerated material. Devices that include such a wearable surface are also disclosed.

Abstract: An apparatus for fracturing polycrystalline silicon having a pair of rolls which are rotated in a counter direction each other around parallel axes, the rolls is provided with: a plurality of disks layered along the axes of the rolls; and a plurality of fracturing teeth protruding radially-outwardly from the disks with a certain intervals along a peripheral direction of the disks, wherein the disks are rotated at different rotation speed from an adjacent disks, and the apparatus fracturing fragments of polycrystalline silicon between the rolls.

Abstract: A grinding type vertical grain milling machine is capable of shortening a dimension of a machine body in the vertical direction and removing bran by evenly suctioning an entire bran removing chamber. The grinding type vertical grain milling machine includes a bran removing metallic mesh cylinder with a main shaft, an integral grinding type grain milling roll body, a bran removing chamber, and a bran discharge pipe that discharges bran to the outside of the machine. A fan-pulley is provided between the bran removing chamber and the bran discharge pipe. The fan-pulley rotationally drives the main shaft to which the grinding type grain milling roll is axially attached and generates a bran removing wind to convey bran produced by the grain milling action of the grinding type grain milling roll from the bran removing chamber toward the bran discharge pipe.

Abstract: A spare part for disc refiners, in particular a stator and/or rotor used in a disc refiner for the preparation of paper pulp, where the stator and/or rotor each comprise a disc-shaped metallic element with a refining blade surface having alternating blades and grooves, where the rotor is designed to be driven and rotated around its own axis of rotation which passes through the centre of the disc-shaped element so that the rotor blades perform a rotary movement in front of the stator blades with a suitable air gap in between. The spare part is characterised in that the blade surfaces have a pre-set angle greater than 0° with respect to a plane perpendicular to the rotor axis of rotation, which enables the achievement of major advantages in terms of the quantity and quality of the refined product, and the potential to reduce the energy consumed.

Abstract: In one aspect of the present invention, a high impact resistant tool comprises a sintered polycrystalline diamond body bonded to a cemented metal carbide substrate at an interface, the body comprising a substantially pointed geometry with an apex, the apex comprising a curved surface that joins a leading side and a trailing side of the body at a first and second transitions respectively, an apex width between the first and second transitions is less than a third of a width of the substrate, and the body also comprises a body thickness from the apex to the interface greater than a third of the width of the substrate.

Abstract: A grinding mill for particulate material includes a rotary container having an inner surface, a material feed for feeding the particulate material to the container, a first rotary drive rotating the container about a first rotational axis, and a shear inducing member contacting the particulate material in the container so as to induce shearing in the particulate material layer. The shear inducing member is mounted about a second axis, which is angularly displaced from the rotational axis of the container. The mill may also include an angle adjustment mechanism for adjusting the relative angular displacement of the container rotational axis and the shear member axis.

Abstract: A machine comprising two rollers for ovalising a nuclear fuel cladding to crush the content thereof allowing its easy release even if the pellets are arranged in the cladding with little clearance. The opposite inclinations of the rollers promote automatic forward travel of the claddings. The opening and the inclination of the claddings lead to release of the crushed fuel. The rollers are biconical, with an input portion of increasing diameter and an output portion of decreasing diameter, to apply sufficient ovalisations to crush the fuel whilst restoring rotundity to the cladding when it leaves the machine, to facilitate the outflow of debris.

Abstract: A rotary tumbler metal reclaimer includes an inner cylinder and a concentric outer cylinder that rotate simultaneously. The inner cylinder includes a first compartment that intakes material for breaking by teeth, a second compartment that receives broken material from the first compartment and crushes the material into smaller particles and a third compartment wherein particulate material enters the space between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder by attrition through perforated screens. The second compartment includes a crusher having various features for crushing lump material as it rotates. The third compartment provides further breakage and conveyance of particulate material. Particulate material then returns proximate the intake for screening into fine and coarse sizes and then collecting for reuse. Metallics and metallic oxides exit the tumbler through apertures in the rear of the third compartment for collection. The tumbler reclaims metals, metallic oxides, sands, and other materials for reuse.

Abstract: A powder processing apparatus includes a main body portion having a cylindrical rotor rotating at a high speed, and a cylindrical stator arranged coaxially with the rotor, outside the rotor with a gap therebetween; a supply port provided at one end of the main body portion, and supplying a processing raw material into the gap together with an airflow; and a discharge port provided at the other end of the main body portion, and discharging, from the gap, a processed product obtained by spheroidizing the processing raw material between the rotor and the stator. In the inner peripheral surface of the stator, there are provided circumferential grooves orthogonally intersecting the axis line of the stator, or a spiral groove forming an angle of not less than 60 degrees and less than 90 degrees with respect to the axis line.

Abstract: Apparatus for separating steam from a mixture of steam and fibers is disclosed, comprising an elongated feeding compartment having an inlet and a feeding device for feeding a mixture through the inlet. The feeding device comprises a tubular section which is curved such that the mixture in the tubular section is separated under the influence of centrifugal forces in a heavy steam-less fraction of fibers in a outer layer and in a light fiber-free fraction of steam in a inner layer. The tubular section is arranged in such a way that a heavy fraction of fibers is fed through the inlet peripherally. The separated light fraction of steam is fed against the center of the compartment and removed through an outlet of the apparatus.

Abstract: Apparatus for aligning a refining disc is a refiner is disclosed, the apparatus including a first wedge slidable along a support for the axle package of the refining disc, a second wedge disposed between the first wedge and a bearing housing in which the rotatable axle of the axle package is journalled, the second wedge being slidable transversely to the slidable movement of the first wedge, a controller for controlling displacement of the first wedge, a support for a bearing housing, which includes a recess for the support and a complimentary recess, the support including a convex contact surface to engage the recess and being displaceable with respect to the complimentary recess.

Abstract: The invention discloses a process for refining yarn or sliver having a length of at least 1 meter, comprising the step of feeding the yarn or sliver and a liquid into a refiner, which comprises refiner fillings having a body surrounding a central hole (7), and at least one inlet (1) for the yarn or sliver, and the thus obtained pulp-like materials and its use for making friction materials, paper, and gaskets. In particular, the refiner has a refiner filling (8), wherein the yarn or sliver is fed through an inlet positioned in the refiner filling. The present invention further relates to the refiner filling comprising at least one, preferably eccentric, inlet for yarn or sliver. The inlet comprises an inlet hole which comprises an inclined slope (2) on the outflow side of the inlet, the inclined slope serving to guide the yarn or sliver from the inlet hole to the surface of the refiner filling. The invention further relates to a refiner comprising such refiner filling.

Abstract: Apparatus for aligning a refining disc is a refiner is disclosed, the apparatus including a first wedge slidable along a support for the axle package of the refining disc, a second wedge disposed between the first wedge and a bearing housing in which the rotatable axle of the axle package is journalled, the second wedge being slidable transversely to the slidable movement of the first wedge, a controller for controlling displacement of the first wedge including an actuator at one end of the support and a control axle extending from the actuator to the first wedge, the control axle being rotatable and rotatably secured to the first wedge whereby operation of the actuator causes rotation of the control axle, which in turn causes displacement of the first wedge which causes transverse displacement of the second wedge.

Abstract: A cone crusher fixed toothed plate fixing structure, including an upper chamber, a locking device, a fixed toothed plate and a plurality of bolt members. A passageway penetrates the interior of the upper chamber, and the fixed toothed plate, provided with protrusions corresponding to protruding pieces of the upper chamber and stop pieces of the locking device and clasping notches corresponding to indentations of the upper cover and recesses of the locking device, is disposed therein, and a ledge located interior of the passageway enables the locking device to be disposed thereon. The plurality of bolt members are rotated and bolted into a plurality of screw holes to enable abutting against the ledge, whereupon a locking action raises the fixed toothed plate and attaches it to the upper chamber, thereby enabling the fixed toothed plate G to realize simple assembly of the fixing structure, and achieve effectiveness to crush stones.

Abstract: An apparatus for loading fibers in a fiber suspension with calcium carbonate has a housing with an inlet and an accept outlet. A rotatable distribution member is positioned within the housing. A rotor and stator assembly is positioned within the housing radially outside of the distribution member. A toothed ring is interposed between the distribution rotor and the rotor and stator assembly. The toothed ring and the rotor and stator assembly define a gas ring therebetween. A reactant gas supply is fluidly coupled with the gas ring. A method for loading fibers in a fiber suspension with calcium carbonate can be practiced with the apparatus, The method controls various factors and provides low shear treatment of the suspension to promote selective crystal formation.

Abstract: A feeding element is disclosed for use in connection with a refiner for lignocellulosic fibrous material including a stationary refiner, a rotary refiner mounted for rotation in juxtaposition with the stationary refiner thereby forming a refining gap therebetween, a feeder for feeding the lignocellulosic fibrous material centrally to a feed zone within the refining gap and a refining zone extending radially outward from the feed zone, the feeding element including a feeder with an upper surface for mounting on the rotary refiner at a location displaced outwardly from and directly adjacent to the central location of the feed zone, the feeder including at least one radial feed bar projecting from the upper surface of the feeder, the at least one radial feed bar including a body and a projecting portion extending laterally from the body at a location displaced from the upper surface of the feeder.

Abstract: A rotary disc refiner includes a pair of spaced apart refiner discs for refining or grinding a material that typically is fibrous material such as wood pulp or the like. Pressurized vapor, typically steam, produced as a result of the refining or grinding is exhausted through a channel in the refiner disc which extends through the body of the disc. Preferably, the channel is located in a refiner disc that rotates. The channel includes a vapor inlet opening located preferably in the high pressure midsection of the refiner disc, a vapor outlet opening which discharges the steam to the relatively low pressure outer section of the disc, and a passageway behind the refining or grinding surface of the refiner disc connecting the inlet to the outlet.

Abstract: A method of crushed ground-wood processing comprises charging the input between two relatively revolving and displaced conical surfaces with simultaneous dimension separation variation by circulating vibrations causing the surfaces to apply variable squeezing pressure and lateral or normal forces to effectively compress and rub the bark from the wood surface.

Abstract: A process and apparatus is disclosed for treating fibrous material under pressure which includes at least two pressure relief devices. The pressure relief devices are arranged so that only one at a time is exposed to pressure during the treatment process. When the exposed pressure relief device is ruptured in response to an abnormal increase in pressure, the ruptured device may be isolated and the second pressure relief device exposed to the operating pressure so that the treatment apparatus may be operated on a substantially continuous basis.

Abstract: A refiner for processing fibrous material comprising a frame, a stator, a rotor, a shaft assembly, a stator support, a stator support receiving means adapted to receive the stator support, the improvement comprising mounting the stator support receiving means on the rotor for movement of said stator towards or away from said rotor.

Abstract: The invention is a waste processor which incorporates the advantages of the chipper knife holder 100, swing hammers 50 and hog 120. A swing hammer 54 is used, providing for the use of all the kinetic energy stored in the swing hammers 54 together with good material contact. The swing hammer 54 profile is designed to spread the impact force over a large area, thus increasing the life of the swing hammer 54. If necessary, the swing hammers 50 can be locked to the rotating disk assembly 18, preventing their contacting any material. Hog hammers 120 are placed immediately behind the swing hammers 50. The position of the hog hammers 120 is such that they provide room for the swing hammers 50 to recoil, but are close enough to impact the material in approximately the same place as the swing hammers 50. The hog hammers 120 use the much larger amount of kinetic energy that is stored in the rotating disk assembly 18.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for the crushing or grindign of fibrous material, in particular fibrous material wet or mixed with water, preferably chips, in particular to drum refiners.The invention is mainly characterized in that channels for the discharge of steam are provided spaced from at least one material feed extending radially to the rotor axis or tangentially to the rotor jacket or housing shell on the grinding surfaces and optionally on the jacket supporting them, the channels piercing the grinding surfaces and optionally their supports and being provided in the working area of the grinding element provided on the surfaces, conveniently surfaces of revolution, in particular frustoconical surfaces, inclined to a rotor axis or extending normally thereto, and emptying into channels optionally provided in the bottoms of the supports and extending normally to the channels and conveniently being connected to cavities in the housing.

Abstract: Fibre pulp is manufactured in a refiner with opposed refining members (22,23,24) rotary relative to each other and enclosed in a pressure-proof refiner housing (20). Steam is separated from the fibre pulp in the refiner housing (20) at the counter-effect of centrifugal forces generated by radial wing members (40) on a rotary refining member (23,24). The steam is led off separately from the refiner housing (20) through a steam outlet (42), which communicates with a space (41) radially inside of the wing members (40). The fibre pulp is discharged separately through a discharge device (50,60,70,80,90) while in the refiner housing the desired pressure is maintained.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a fluid processing apparatus particularly useful for processing fluid foods in a highly uniform, "non-statistical" manner at controlled temperatures and high shear rates. The apparatus comprises a first means including an essentially smooth and unencumbered concave cylindrical surface of constant radius; a second means including an essentially smooth and unencumbered convex cylindrical surface having a constant radius which is less than, but not more than about 2 mm less than, the constant radius of said first means; said first and second means being arranged in mutually concentric relation with one another and such that there is a uniform annular treatment zone consisting of the gap formed between said first and second means, said treatment zone being arranged in heat transfer relation with a source of heat transfer medium; and, a third means for providing relative rotary motion between said first and second means, about the common longitudinal axis of symmetry thereof.

Abstract: A pressurized disc type refiner having parallel discs housed inside a pressurized chamber and a fluid conveying passageway for removing refined fibrous material entrained in steam is equipped with a second fluid conveying passageway. Fins on the one of the rotating discs impede the entrance of refined fibrous material into the second passageway by centrifugal force so that the steam conveyed in that passageway will be substantially free of entrained fibrous material.

Abstract: In the production of mechanical pulp, a refiner (defibrator) is driven by a steam turnine. The steam supply for the turbine comprises process steam generated in the refiner during the refining action, which steam is preferably passed through a reboiler. Some make-up energy is necessary to provide all of the power for driving the refiner, the make-up energy being preferably provided by clean steam from an accessory source introduced to the turbine by a steam ejector. A portion of the process steam, and the steam discharge from the turbine, can be used for presteaming the chips (comminuted cellulosic fibrous material) before introduction into the refiner. Any condensate from the turbine may be fed to the reboiler. Reduction gears are provided between the turbine and the refiner drive shaft so that the refiner is driven at optimum rpm for the particular material being treated.

Abstract: In the production of mechanical pulp a refiner (defibrator) is driven by a steam turbine. The steam supply for the turbine comprises process steam generated in the refiner during the refiner action, which steam is passed through a reboiler and then superheated, in a superheater or economizer, before being supplied to the turbine. A boiler comprises a secondary source of steam and that steam too is introduced to the steam turbine, either directly or after passage through another turbine which powers an electric generator. The off-gases from the boiler may drive a gas turbine. All the components may be mounted on a train, and the gas turbine may power the locomotive for the train. The gas turbine can also power an air compressor providing compressed combustion air to the boiler.

Abstract: A refiner for manufacturing fibre pulp from lignocellulose-containing material, comprising a pressure-proof refiner housing (20) with opposed refining members (21,22) rotating relative to each other. Steam is separated from the fibre pulp in the refiner housing (20) at the counter-effect of a fibre separating rotor (30) provided with wing members (31) and located on the rear side of a rotatable refining member (22). The steam is thereafter compressed in at least one step by means of this rotor (30) and possibly subsequent turbine wheels (34).

Abstract: Method and grinder for the manufacture of fibre pulp from lignocellulosic material, such as wood chips or the like. The fibres are detached from the material by means of a grinding member (6) and the fibrous material is formed into a body, which without rotational movement is fed, while being compressed, into a grinding zone (5) which has converging wall surfaces. In the grinding zone (5) the fibrous material is worked upon by the grinding member (6) which is rotatable relatively to the body of fibrous material and which delimits at least one of the converging wall surfaces of the grinding zone (5). The detached fibres are removed (at 8) from the grinding zone.

Abstract: The invention relates to a defibrator comprising at least one rotary cylindrical drum provided on its inner surface with longitudinal deflectors, driven in rotation and axially supplied with material which is to be defibrated. On the inside, the defibrator comprises a rotor consisting of a shaft coaxial with the cylindrical drum, and longitudinal blades branching off radially from the shaft and having ends which are curved in the direction of rotation, capable of receiving the material which is to be defibrated and of projecting it on to the inner wall of the drum.

Abstract: A grinding apparatus in which lignocellulose-containing material such as wood chips is ground in a grinding space defined between cooperating disc segments carried by a rotating disc and a stationary disc in close spacing tolerance. In order to counteract the deflective centrifugal force exerted on the rotating disc segments, the peripheral portion at the rear of the rotating disc is formed with an annular bulge having an annular channel therein for receiving mercury in an amount calculated to generate during the rotation of the bulging disc a counter centrifugal force equal to the deflecting centrifugal force exerted on the rotating grinding segments to thereby maintain the close tolerance spacing between the cooperating grinding segments.

Abstract: Apparatus for refining lignocellulose-containing material is disclosed, including a refiner housing, a pair of counter-rotating refining discs within the housing, one of the discs including a feed passage for refining stock and the other disc including a steam passage therethrough to permit steam to exit from the refining space between the discs, channel means rotatable with that refining disc which includes the steam passage in order to conduct steam therefrom through the refiner housing, and passage means located outside of the refiner housing for conducting away steam exiting from the channel means.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for producing pulp from moisture-containing lignocellulosic material, such as wood chips, which is ground in a grinding space defined between a pair of grinding discs which rotate relative to one another in an environment of pressurized steam generated during the grinding process, in a closed housing. The ground fiber or pulp discharged from the grinding housing is propelled by the accompanying steam into a cyclone, where the ground pulp is separated from the steam for further treatment, while the steam is recycled for further use in the pulping process. The pressure in the cyclone is so controlled that a pressure is maintained therein which is substantially equal to a pressure drop which is sufficient merely to maintain the propellant force of the steam to convey the ground pulp from the grinding housing to the cyclone while discharging the separated steam and recycling it for further use in the pulping process.

Abstract: A disc-type refiner wherein the means incorporating the refining surfaces are positioned in opposed, relatively adjacent, closely spaced relation and one thereof is formed to include at least one passageway through which steam created in the refining of material between the refining surfaces may be simply and quickly vented. A duct means is provided to receive and carry steam from the passageway to the exterior of the refiner housing, to facilitate use or disposal as and where desired. Means are included to control the amount of steam being vented and to maintain the venting arrangement on adjustment of the spacing between the refining surfaces. In the preferred embodiment illustrated, the invention features are incorporated in a double revolving disc refiner which, by reason of the improvements of the invention, may be operated under either atmospheric or pressurized conditions. In either case considerable benefit is reflected in the refining procedure and the quality of its end product.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for refining fiberous material in a disc refiner for withdrawing steam developed during refining of such fiberous material. The disc refinger comprises a pair of refining discs each of which includes a inner refining surface. The refining discs are mounted for rotation relative to one another in a housing with the refining surfaces opposing one another during the relative rotation and defining a refining space therebetween. Each of the refining surfaces of the refining discs is provided with a passageway for withdrawing steam developed in the refining space. The passageways extend from the respective refining surfaces in a direction away from the refining space and radially inward relative to the direction that the fiberous material moves through the refining space.

Abstract: A grinding device is disclosed in which material to be ground is fed axially to a rotating plate on which two sets of blades are mounted. A first inner set of slinger blades forces the material outwardly to a second set of grinding blades. The inner edges of the grinding blades are tilted forward of the outer edges thereof in the direction of blade rotation. Also, the grinding blades are adjustably supported on support plates.

Abstract: Raw food materials, having a 10-65% water content, are ground between two opposing disc grinding members. The opposing discs are concave to form a central hollow portion therebetween having a nearly trapezoidal cross section.