Abstract: A method and an apparatus is used for forming airlaid articles such as diapers, sanitary napkins and the like. The apparatus includes an anvil drum with die cavities formed therein. The die cavities have foraminous bottom walls for drawing a stream of air-entrained fibrous fluff therethrough. A first material layer is laid on the anvil drum for covering some of the die cavities and is then deformed into the cavities. After a belt with opening corresponding to the die cavities has been laid on the first layer for protecting the sealing areas from fluff, an air stream with fibrous fluff is drawn through the first layer and through the foraminous bottom walls, thus pulling the first layer into the die cavities and causing the fluff to be deposited in the cavities. A second material layer is placed on the deposited fluff and glued or crimped to the first layer. A die-cutting roller then cuts the airlaid articles into the desired shape before the articles are removed from the anvil drum.

Abstract: An apparatus for reducing extra large vehicle tires to particles or to prepare them for recapping comprises a tire holder assembly, made up of a set of dual jacks, in combination with a rotary cutter blade assembly made up of a side-by-side series of discs carrying cutter blades of chisel type. The set of dual jacks are preferably carried by an arbor having opposite shaft ends adapted to matingly interconnect with corresponding ends of a motivating shaft for quick and easy interchange of one size tire holder assembly for another size. When the tire is to be recapped, arcuate attachments are secured to members of the tire holder assembly that contact a tire bead so as to preserve the circumferential integrity of such bead during cutting, and the cutter blade assembly is replaced by wire buffing brushes following removal of the tread portion of the tire by cutting.

Abstract: A mobile comminuting arrangement for organic waste materials includes a load space with a mechanically driven scraper floor and a draw-in roller arranged above the scraper floor. The draw-in roller is mounted so as to be vertically adjustable by a rocker member. A comminuting unit is arranged following the draw-in roller in work direction and at a discharge end of the load space. The comminuting unit is a conventional flail-type mulching unit with rotating work shaft and rigid work flails. A roller-shaped driven cutter roller with rigid flail-type tools is arranged in work direction in front of the vertically movable draw-in roller, so that the cutter roller precomminutes the waste material being supplied by the scraper floor. All rotating units are protected toward the top by a continuous, partially articulated hood which forms a continuous feed duct.

Abstract: A device for grinding tires and the scraps.

Abstract: The present invention provides a bale ripper and conveyor which disintegrates round bales of forage material. The bales can be loaded into the device without regard to the direction in which they are wrapped. The present invention further comprises a control box and conveyor assembly whereby the speed of operation of the device can be controlled manually and the shredded forage material can be directed to a desired location such as a mix mill.

Abstract: A bale shredding comprising an elongated wheeled frame having a first bale conveyor pivotally mounted thereon and moveable from an inclined position for loading bales onto the bale conveyor to a horizontally disposed transport positon. A bale shredder is mounted on the forward end of the wheeled frame at one side thereof forwardly of the forward end of the first bale conveyor. A second bale conveyor is positioned on the wheeled frame forwardly of the forward end of the first bale conveyor for conveying bales laterally into bale shredding drums. A pair of push rods are longitudinally movably mounted on the first bale conveyor for pushing the last bale thereon onto the second bale conveyor.

Abstract: An apparatus for forming wood shavings from wood stock includes a rotatable cutting roll for engaging and cutting wood shavings from a wood stock advanced by a feed mechanism along a predetermined path of travel to the roll. A rotatable roll of the feed mechanism has peripheral teeth that engage the wood stock and control its advancement along the path of travel. The teeth are inclined rearwardly relative to the direction of rotation of the roll so that the teeth have a negative rake angle. An anvil is positioned adjacent the end of the path of travel and closely adjacent the cutting roll for restricting advancement past the cutting roll of pieces of wood stock other than the shavings.

Abstract: A brush/wood chipper having a small diameter pressing feed cylinder adjacent and parallel to an anvil which is generally perpendicular to the feed disc, the cylinder also being adjacent the chipping disc. This feed cylinder is in an infeed chute, and presses the branches, twigs or other wood against the anvil while the wood is fed to and chipped by knives on the disc. The radially oriented knives are each canted relative to the chordal anvil so that, preferably assisted by a canted feed cylinder, the wood is forced toward the center of the chipping disc. The infeed chute has a wall generally at the center of the disc. The chips are propelled to a flow arrester for discharge into bags or bypassed to a discharge chute extension, using a control valve at the flow arrester.

Abstract: A cutter blade projects tangentially from the peripheral surface of a solid cylindrical rotor for travel along an arcuate path in converging relation to a support surface of an anvil aligned with a horizontal travel path along which scrap lumber is continuously fed by an infeed roller into a cutting zone formed between the anvil support surface and the peripheral surface of the rotor. Oversized solids emerging from the cutting zone below the rotor are separated from a wood chip product of desired size and recirculated to the infeed roller.

Abstract: The invention comprises a tearing machine of large width. The feeding station is automatic. A centrifugal separator recycles the scraps recovered by the longitudinal pneumatic transport. It recycles them with the new scraps, in the stack with vibrating walls which extends itself over the entire width of the machine. The compartmentalized suction loading devices assure homogeneity of the fibrous cloth. A fibrous cloth of very high quality is produced on an evacuation conveyor belt. This cloth is homogenous over the entire width of the machine, which may extend to several meters.

Abstract: A document shredder for destroying a generally rectangular document and having feed rollers for engaging a marginal portion of a document and simultaneously spirally coiling the document into a generally cylindrical form while advancing the document in an axial direction. A rotary shredding mechanism cuts the leading end portion of the document as it is advanced by the feed rollers. The shredding mechanism may be arranged to cut the advancing document along a line of shear spaced inward of the leading edge of the leading end portion to trim successive strips from the leading end of the document. The shredding mechanism may also include chipping mechanism for reducing each strip to smaller bits as the strip is formed.

Abstract: A method for incinerating contaminated soil or other material utilizing an incinerator, such as a CBC, which is operated below atmospheric pressure and apparatus for carrying out such decontamination by delivering the soil to be processed in desired particulate size to the incineration unit, e.g., to a recirculation loop through which separated solids are being returned from a cyclone to a CBC. The system for supplying the contaminated soil is isolated from the chute leading to the incineration unit by a feeder that forms an agglomerated plug which serves as a pressure seal and prevents any gas flow therepast. Illustrated are a pair of twin counterrotating screws which include shafts that extend past the ends of the screw flights to locations where rotary cutters having multiple blades are mounted.

Abstract: An apparatus for chipping solid materials generally comprises a chippr having a plurality of blades mounted between two hubs and spaced from one another and the shaft so that the chipped material does not jam the chipper. The blades preferably have a blade angle of from about 35 to about 60 degrees. An apparatus including the chipper, a device for support solid billets, and a conveyor for conveying the solid billets over the supporting device and into the chipper is also provided and advantageously occupies a minimum space.

Abstract: A horizontal disk wood flaking machine has two or more continuous feed conveyors each of which has a vertical chute or feed box that brings wooden logs to an upper surface of the cutting disk. The drive motor for the disk is situated below the disk at the under side of the machine, so that the power train is from the bottom upwards.

Abstract: A shredder and dispensing device for baled crop materials comprises a frame having coupling arrangements for mounting upon the front end loader linkage of a tractor. The frame carries a horizontal conveyor construction which has an inclined ramp at a forward end so that the ramp can be inserted underneath a bale to slide the ramp and conveyor under the bale to lift the bale onto the conveyor. The conveyor moves the bale toward one side of the device at which a shredder roller is provided with a suitable duct housing to direct the material out to one side of the implement. A deflector can be used to direct the material into feed bunks. The conveyor is mounted on a conveyor frame which can be raised to an inclined angle toward the shredder. The implement enables the handling and shredding of the bale in a simplified manner using a single machine.

Abstract: An ice storage bin and discharge apparatus for discharge of uniform size ice to an outlet station for bagging or other use, including an ice bin in the form of an elongated insulated storage receptacle for containing a mass of ice, and endless floor level conveyor adjacent and overlying the bottom wall spanning the length and width thereof defining an upper flight for advancing the mass of ice toward a discharge end wall of the bin. A first drive is provided for driving the floor level endless conveyor at a predetermined speed, and an ice shearing mechanism is provided at the discharge end wall comprising a plurality of ice shaving blades positioned to lie in a vertical cutting path extending above and aligned with a transverse discharge conveyor with the shear blades collectively transversely spanning substantially the width of the bin at plural levels above the discharge conveyor.

Abstract: A lifting mechanism for the pressing roller of the feed mechanism of a crusher for scrap. The rotor of the crusher, via a lifting mechanism that acts upon a mounting bracket of the rotor mounting, can be removed from a split housing after an upper part of the housing has been raised about a horizontal pivot axis and has been secured in position relative to a lower part of the housing, whereby pivot arms are disposed on opposite faces of the housing and are connected to hydraulic cylinders, with free ends of the pivot arms being pivotably mounted about a horizontal axis, and with the pivot arms being successively connected with the upper housing part to raise the same, with the mounting bracket after the upper housing part is secured relative to the lower housing part in an open position and the pivot arms have again been lowered, and again with the upper part after the rotor is removed.

Abstract: The disclosed machine is for shredding cylindrical hay-bales. The machine is provided with knife-type (as opposed to flail-type) shredder-blades. The blades (52) are mounted in a rotating cutter frame (38) which is positioned parallel to, and alongside, the hay-bale (34). The shredder-blades are pivotable on the frame, and fly outwards, ready for shredding, due to centrifugal force. A set of drive-rollers (43,45) rotates the bale past the blades. The shredder-blades are presented edge-on to the cylindrical surface of the bale. This presentation of the blades gives great efficiency and economy of shredding.

Abstract: The machine disclosed is for shredding a cylindrical hay-bale. The bale (34) is rotated about its cylindrical axis (36), and is engaged tangentially by a rotary cutter (38) with centrifugal blades (52). The bale is rotated, not by the usual conveyor or drive belt but by discrete rollers. The machine has three rollers (43) on the leading side of the cutter, and one roller (45) on the trailing side. The rollers are provided with bale-engaging teeth (72,76). The leading rollers and the cutter are positioned underneath the bale, for gravity-assisted engagement with the bale. The rotary cutter has shredder-blades (52) presented edge-on to the hay, which keeps the shredding forces low; hence, the rollers can be allowed to jam-feed the bale into the cutter, which keeps the bale moving even if the bale should contain e.g. a lump of ice.

Abstract: A rotary shearing/cutting machine, capable of comminuting article of many diverse materials and widely varying dimensional characteristics (i.e., plastic barrels and other containers, plastic and metal films, rubber tires, etc.) has four rotary driven shafts extending across a comminution chamber in parallel spaced relation to each other, with two center shafts rotating in opposite directions and with the shafts rotating at different speeds; a series of primary shear blades interspersed one-for-one with a series of secondary cutter blades are mounted on each shaft for rotation therewith, each shear blade projecting into the space between the shear blades on any adjacent shaft in close overlapping proximity thereto. Each shear blade and each cutter blade is of disc-like configuration having at least one radially projecting C-shaped cutting element affording a transverse cutting edge facing in the direction of rotation; the cutter blades are substantially smaller in diameter than the shear blades.

Abstract: A device for shaving ice for making snow cones which includes an elongated housing, a base for supporting the housing upon a suitable platform, a pair of castings with one casting being stationarily mounted in the housing and the other one rotatably mounted therein, the rotatably mounted casting having a knife blade therewith for producing ice shavings from a block of ice, access structure provided with the housing to facilitate servicing of elements interiorly thereof, a weight for providing gravity bias to the block of ice, guiding and braking members for controlling the flow of the block of ice, and a discharge for receiving and dispensing the shaved ice.

Abstract: An apparatus for comminuting homogeneous or autogeneous bone fragments into substantially homogeneous particles for use in bone grafting wherein a housing is provided having separate compartments for a motor and a comminuter driven by the motor. A chute and ram are provided to feed bone fragments into contact with the comminuter and the comminuted particles are collected in a removable tray. The compartment housing the comminuter may be readily disassembled for cleaning and, when so disassembled, the motor is vented to atmosphere to prevent operation. The resultant comminuter bone particles are collected in a removable tray below the comminuter.

Abstract: A waste product feeder in which when waste products are charged through a hopper into a trough are transported by a screw and then discharged, they are successively scraped by a scraper in a predetermined quantity or volume.

Abstract: Apparatus for the dry defibration of sheets of wood pulp cellulose and like materials comprises a tubular casing to which the sheets to be defibrated are fed substantially radially and a cylindrical rotor rotatably mounted within the casing substantially coaxially of the casing itself. The rotor has external teeth for impinging on the material to be defibrated. The rotor is constituted by a plurality of externally toothed discs and spacer members connected together in a pack in an arrangement in which the spacer members alternate with toothed discs. The general plane of each disc is at a predetermined angle to planes perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the rotor whereby, during rotation, the periphery of each disc describes a respective substantially cylindrical surface coaxial with the axis of rotation of the rotor.

Abstract: Frame construction for a pressure grinding machine of press type, which frame construction comprises a gastight, pressure-proof grinding chamber, bearing housings for a grinder member revolving in the grinding chamber, as well as at least one press chamber for the pulpwood and a press device limiting the press chamber on one side. The frame construction consists of two separate parts, namely a pressure frame, which constitutes the said grinding chamber and press chamber and which substantially receives the pressure forces resulting from the positive pressure prevailing in the grinding chamber, and a power frame, which connects the press device and the bearing housings of the grindstone to each other and which substantially receives the tensile and circumferential forces resulting from the grinding and from the pressing of the wood against the grindstone.

Abstract: The invention relates to ice cutting machines, and specifically to the ice cutting machines for producing ice shavings for flavored confections such as snow cones and snowballs. The ice cutting machine of the present invention comprises an inner box and an outer box disposed in spaced relationship around the inner box. A plurality of continuous, parallel ice slides are provided on the interior of the bottom of the inner box, with each slide having an upwardly pointed tip. The slides are oriented perpendicularly to the cutting side of the inner box to provide a plurality of continuous surfaces upon which a block of ice is moved. A pusher plate within the ice cutting machine allows advancement of the block of ice towards a cutter. The bottom edge of the pusher plate has a plurality of bearings which fit in sliding relationship between adjacent slides to guide the pusher plate toward the cutter.

Abstract: A cheese shredding machine and blade therefor are provided in which a central cutting tool and surrounding cutting teeth cooperate to provide a circular cutting surface without a central dead zone thereby permitting cheese to be presented to the full face of the blade for shredding.

Abstract: A process and machine for disintegrating materials wherein the material is delivered to a disintegrating element which receives a reciprocating movement whose path is substantially parallel to the surface to be comminuted wherein the disintegrating element comprises at least one rotary cutter whose axis of rotation is substantially parallel to the surface to be comminuted with a blade having a cutting edge substantially parallel to and directed transversely to the axis of rotation whereby comminution takes place on simultaneous reciprocation of the disintegrating element and rotation of the cutter.

Abstract: An apparatus for uniformly dispensing particulate food materials onto a moving article which comprises a hopper for holding a supply of the particulate and having a horizontally disposed orifice through which the particulate material can exit, a rotatable drum located below the orifice and having a plurality of spaced fins protruding radially therefrom and disposed on a zig-zag pattern and operable to counteract the tendency of the particulate material to fall off the drum, and a scraper adapted to engage the drum surface between the fins and operable to follow the zig-zag pattern of the fins to lift particulate material off the surface of the drum and guide it to a discharge precipice over which it falls onto the moving article.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for disintegrating soft food materials. A disintegrating element having screw threads and cutting edges on the periphery of the threads is rotated about its axis and reciprocated in directions substantially parallel to a surface of a mass of the material to be comminuted. The cutting edges engage and comminute the material at such surface.

Abstract: A method and a device for the manufacture of mechanical pulp from lignocellulosic material by forcing the said material into contact with a grinding disc (1) which revolves about a central axle (2) perpendicular to the two end faces of the disc. The material is supplied in bulk, particulate form, preferably as wood chips, a large number of particles simultaneously being retained, compressed and, in the presence of water, forced into contact with one or more grinding areas (5) on one or both end faces of the grinding disc. The disc is enclosed in a sealed, pressurized housing (6).

Abstract: A method and a device for the manufacture of mechanical pulp from lignocellulosic material by forcing the said material into contact with a grindstone (1) which revolves about an axle (2). The material is supplied in bulk, particulate form, preferably as wood chip, a large number of particles simultaneously being retained, compressed and, in the presence of water, forced into contact with one or more grinding areas on the circumferential surface of the grindstone (1). The grindstone(1) is enclosed in a sealed, pressurized housing (5).

Abstract: A comminuting apparatus for reducing trees or portions thereof to particles of engineered length especially suitable for ring flaking for subsequent use in flakeboard fabrication and for use by utilities and industries using wood for energy production. The apparatus utilizes one or two rotating discs to which one on a plurality of curved cutting members are mounted and which severs trees, tree portions or other fibrous masses fed at right angles to a rotating shaft member. By the precise design of cutting members mounted on the rotating disc or discs, wood particles of engineered length are produced.

Abstract: Apparatus for shaving ice from block of ice and producing selected quantities of finely divided ice particles for use in drinks, refreshments and the like. A power driven rotary shaving head incorporating ice shaving cutters is rotated against a block of ice to shave particles of ice therefrom. The ice block is moved against the shaving head by a pusher mechanism incorporating a wobble plate which grips a transverse guide and support rod under selective manual control. An externally positioned operator lever is manipulated by the user to induce precisely controlled movement of the ice pusher.

Abstract: The disclosure concerns a process for grinding wood on a grinding stone and the grinding stone which grinds the wood. The grinding stone has a central core, which may be comprised of concrete or steel. The core has a free inner space. A water supply line extends along the free inner space. Outlets from the water supply line are directed toward the periphery of the core at the grinding zone of the grinding layer. Around the core is a grinding layer for grinding the wood. The grinding layer is permeable so that water can be transmitted through it. The permeability may arise from the porosity of the material of the grinding layer itself or through the provision of bores or gaps in the grinding layer. The grinding layer may be comprised of a group of segments covering the core and the gaps may be defined between segments. The core may have bores for delivering the water to the inside of the grinding layer. The water may be heated and/or pressurized for improving grinding.

Abstract: A method of grinding metallic ingots into small chips or powder, which comprises the steps of providing a cutting element including a plurality of teeth, providing a plurality of ingots, each comprising a main body having a lower surface, a front end and a rear end, the rear end having an outwardly extending projection and the front end having a corresponding recess at least partially defined by a lower surface, the lower defining surface of the recess having an angle .alpha. associated therewith where 0.degree.<.alpha..ltoreq.90.degree.; arranging the ingots in end-to-end relation with the projection of each ingot in the corresponding recess of the next; and disposing the lower surfaces of the ingots on a guideway and feeding the ingots, front ends first, along the guideway into the cutting element to effect grinding without waste or damage to any of the grinding apparatus. An ingot configuration for practicing the method is also disclosed.

Abstract: Apparatus for continuously processing wood comprises a pressurized grinding chamber, a grinding stone which is mounted for rotation in the grinding chamber, a device for feeding wood into the grinding chamber to form a primary groundwood stock therein, and a device for discharging the primary groundwood stock from the chamber without allowing gas to escape from the chamber to atmosphere. The feeding device comprises a stationary feeding chamber provided with shutters for sequentially pressure-tightly closing the feeding chamber from the atmosphere and from the grinding chamber respectively, thereby to prevent escape of gas from the grinding chamber through the feeding device.

Abstract: Apparatus for continuously processing wood comprises a pressurized grinding chamber, a grinding stone which is mounted for rotation in the grinding chamber, a device for feeding wood into the grinding chamber to form a primary groundwood stock therein, and a device for discharging the primary groundwood stock from the chamber without allowing gas to escape from the chamber to atmosphere. The discharging device comprises a stick crusher for crushing sticks present in the primary groundwood stock thereby to produce a secondary groundwood stock and an outlet for continuously discharging the secondary groundwood stock while preserving a hydraulic seal of groundwood stock thereby to maintain the groundwood stock in the apparatus under superatmospheric pressure.

Abstract: Process and apparatus are provided for continuously conveying particulate compressible fibrous material from a first zone at a first gas pressure to a second zone at a second gas pressure with a pressure differential therebetween of at least 0.5 bar while retaining the prevailing gas pressure in each zone, which comprises:(1) continuously compressing the particulate material in the first zone into a gas-containing but gas-impermeable mass extending across the interface between the two zones;(2) continuously passing the mass of material out from the first zone into the second zone while maintaining the gas pressure within the mass constant at the gas pressure of the first zone; and(3) continuously breaking up the mass entering the second zone into particulate material.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for cutting and feeding foliage material from a stack, the apparatus comprising a wheeled vehicle, for example a wagon pulled by a tractor, capable of being displaced along the ground, a tiltable bed thereon disposed in a parallel position between ground engaging wheels and a powered conveyor so that a stack of foliage may be loaded onto the bed from a position on the ground (or unloaded from the bed back to the ground) and also may be successively advanced along the conveyor bed to provide an overhang beneath and forward of a rotating angularly disposed variable cutter which travels horizontally and then vertically downward in a zig-zag pattern to successively cut slices of foliage from the overhang of the stack.

Abstract: Coke logs are fed into a housing through an infeed opening at a regulated rate to control the particle size to which the coke is reduced by comminution in response rotation of a bladed rotor operatively positioned adjacent to the infeed opening. Water injected under pressure into the housing forms a slurry with the coke particles discharged from a bottom outlet opening of the housing.

Abstract: A granular polyurethane cellular medium for absorbing water-borne, water insoluble hydrocarbons, method for its preparation and production system. The granular medium is formed by prereacting polyisocyanate or a prepolymer with a linear monohydric alcohol to form a prepolymer. This prepolymer subsequently is reacted with a polyol and blowing agent within a flexible sheet bun mold. Following molding of the bun within the flexible sheet, the bun is transferred to a comminution stage within a predetermined time period whereupon it is granulated. The material is fabricable at low cost and under a broad range of environmental conditions permitting flexibility in selecting the site for production of the material. The material exhibits an unusually high affinity for the water-borne contaminant hydrocarbons, does not absorb water and lends itself to low-cost production procedures.

Abstract: The pusher plate which pushes foodstuffs through the chute to the food processor in a vegetable slicer is divided, each portion being separately operable and having divider walls for selectively reducing the effective capacity of the chute to expedite handling of small and odd-sized foodstuffs.

Abstract: In a device and method for particulating conglomerated materials, and especially soil samples, a revolving drum is mounted for eccentric rotation about a vertical axis. A grating or screen comprises the cylindrical wall of the open ended drum. The materials to be worked are placed between the outer periphery of the drum and an arcuate wall mounted for pivotal movement with respect to the drum. The materials are then crowded by the movable wall into engagement with the grating of the revolving eccentric drum to break up the materials into particles of workable size. Hard matter, such as rocks or gravel, is segregated during the process. If desired, a row of fingers and/or a brush can be mounted for engagement with the drum to loosen accumulated materials from the drum during operation of the device.

Abstract: A tobacco shredding apparatus wherein a relatively small upright duct receives tobacco from a large magazine. A system of tobacco compacting chains draws tobacco from the lower part of the duct and feeds the resulting cake into the path of orbiting shredding knives. The chains and the knives are driven by a first variable-speed motor. A conveyor which is driven by a second variable-speed motor transfers tobacco from the magazine into the duct. The volume of tobacco in the duct is monitored by a first set of photocells whose signals are used to regulate the speed of the second motor so as to maintain the volume of tobacco in the duct within a first range. The volume of tobacco in the magazine is monitored by a second set of photocells whose signals are utilized to regulate the speed of the first motor so as to maintain the volume of tobacco in the magazine within a second range. The capacity of the magazine is between five and ten times the capacity of the duct.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a chips making machine equipped with at least one wood-working tool including a wood-machining edge on the working tool, which is mounted on the periphery of the rotatable tool-holder. The machine is also equipped with a device for feeding the wood against the machining edge. The edge of the wood-working tool is designed for the production of long chips of wood mainly by shearing stresses in layers which are mainly positioned between the wood fibers and are approximately parallel with the direction of the fibers.

Abstract: A mineral lump breaker, for example for use in conjunction with a coal conveyor in a mine, comprises a breaker element and reaction means, for example in the form of a breaker plate or reaction discs. The breaker element and reaction means are carried by a framework straddling the conveyor and are spaced-apart so as to define between them a lump breaking gap. Material on the conveyor is moved into the gap where it is impacted by the breaker element against the reaction means. The reaction means is adjustable with respect to the breaker element periphery to vary the gap dimension.

Abstract: A meat flaking machine for reducing a block of meat to meat flakes, which includes a lower housing containing a power driven cutting drum for cutting the meat block into flakes. An upper housing includes a charging chamber communicating with the lower housing and having a vertical entrance opening. The block of meat is placed on a loading tray, which is pivotally connected to the upper housing, and is transferred through the entrance into the charging chamber by pivoting the loading tray upwardly until it extends along the opening. A pressure plate, mounted within the upper housing, is moved manually by an external handle into contact with the upper end of the meat block to press it downwardly onto the cutting drum. A mechanical interlock ensures that the loading tray cannot load a meat block into the charging chamber unless the pressure plate has been moved to a position out of the way of the block.

Abstract: A stack feeder is described for use in association with a stack mover arranged to advance a haystack in the longitudinal direction of the stack feeder. The feeder includes a base frame and a flail assembly located above the base frame and positioned transversely with respect to said longitudinal direction. Means are provided coupling the flail assembly to the base frame for pivotal movement with respect to the frame about a horizontal axis so that the flail assembly can be moved up and down along an arcuate path above the frame. The flail assembly includes a rotary flail and a hood which extends longitudinally of the flail. The flail is made up of an elongate support rotatable about a horizontal axis, and a plurality of knives carried by the support for action on a haystack in use. Means are provided to move the flail assembly along said arcuate path. The feeder also includes means for rotating the flail at a relatively high speed. Conveyor means are supported on the base frame below the flail assembly.

Abstract: The invention relates to the production of a wholly mechanical pulp of improved strength properties. The lignocellulosic material is fed into a substantially closed chamber where it is mechanically abraded under a power input of fifteen or more horsepower days per ton. During the abrading step, the material is maintained in an inert gaseous atmosphere of a pressure of ten to eighty psig, preferably twenty to forty psig.