Abstract: The present invention relates a process and a system for the point-of-use dilution of microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) from a higher solids content to a lower solids content, for example from a solids content in the range of 5% weight by weight (“w/w”)-50% w/w, preferably 5% w/w-30% w/w, further preferably 5% w/w-15% w/w, down to a solids content of below 7% w/w, preferably below 5% w/w, preferably to a solids content of 0.01% w/w-5% w/w, further preferably to a solids content of 0.1% w/w-3% w/w.

Abstract: A blade element (4, 8) for a comminution device (1) to comminute fiber material has at least one comminution section (22) with comminution parts (20, 24, 25, 26) and free spaces (21) therebetween, and at least one feed section (23) extending at least partly in a longitudinal direction (X) of the blade element (4, 8), each feed section (23) intended to feed fiber material to the respective comminution section (22). The comminution parts have a first dimension (d20a, d20b, d20c, d24a, d24b, d24c) extending in a circumferential direction (C) of the blade element and a second dimension (e20a, e20b, e20c, e24a, e25a, e26a) extending in the longitudinal direction (X) of the blade element. At the same longitudinal (X) position in the blade element (4, 8) the first dimension of the comminution parts is arranged to increase in the circumferential direction (C) of the blade element toward the feed section.

Abstract: A refiner disc including: a refining zone on a front face of the disc; refining bars in the refining zone; and grooves between the bars, wherein each of the grooves include a rotational inducement element arranged on at least one sidewall of the groove and the rotational inducement element is configured to impart at helical flow of feed material flowing through the groove.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to an apparatus for a counter-rotating mechanical refiner configured to mitigate the problems of feeding variations, load variations, high energy consumption due to poor feeding efficiency, low pulp quality, and reduced throughput capacity by positioning a flinger proximate to a rotor gap side of a first rotor, wherein the first rotor further comprises an inlet extending through the first rotor, such that a portion of the operational flinger deflects feed material from the inlet into the refiner gap while rotating in the direction of the first rotor.

Abstract: A refining member including a refining body with a refining surface including first and second refiner bars separated by first and second refiner grooves. The first and second refiner bars extend from respective first and second radially inward positions to respective first and second radially outward positions. The first and second refiner bars have a respective first and second height extending upward from a floor of a respective, adjacent first or second refiner groove. The second height is a minimum height of the second refiner bars and is spaced apart from the second radially inward position, with the second height being at least about 0.35 mm less than the first height. The first refiner bars are adapted to refine wood fibers and the second refiner bars are adapted to break up fiber bundles.

Abstract: A knife assembly including a flat knife blade, a holder, a clamp arranged for clamping the knife blade onto the holder, and a fastening mechanism for securing the knife blade between the clamp and the holder. The clamp has clamping parts along a clamping line rearward from the front edge. The clamp includes clamping geometrical elements, corresponding to complementary contact geometrical elements of the knife blade, positioned at least in part at a different distance from said front edge than the clamping line. The clamp engages the knife blade along the clamping line and at the corresponding contact geometrical elements.

Abstract: A center plate for a rotor in a pulp refiner has a surface provided with at least one feeding wing for directing lignocellulose-containing material towards a periphery. The feeding wing is an elongated protrusion arranged such that its second end is arranged further away from a center of the center plate than a first end and also is displaced relative to the first end in a direction opposite to a direction of rotation of the rotor. The center plate is also provided with at least one counter-feeding wing for directing steam flowing along the surface towards the center of the center plate. The counter-feeding wing is an elongated protrusion arranged such that a second end of the counter-feeding wing is arranged further away from the center of the center plate than a first end and closer to the center of the center plate than the first end.

Abstract: A refiner plate segment with a continuous transition zone spanning from the periphery or near the periphery of the plate in a substantial spiral toward the axis of rotation of the plate adjacent the breaker bar zone.

Abstract: An apparatus for slicing food product to produce food product slices. The apparatus includes a circular cutting head having an axis and at least one knife assembly on the circumference of the cutting head, and a knife extending axially inward and having a corrugated shape to produce a food product slice with a periodic shape characterized by peaks and valleys. At least one component securing the knife to the cutting head has a surface facing radially inward and a corrugated shape shaped differently than the corrugated shape of the knife to minimize surface contact between unsliced food products and the cutting head.

Abstract: An apparatus for slicing food product to produce food product slices. The apparatus includes a rotatable cutting wheel having two or more knife assemblies. Each knife assembly includes a knife extending radially between a hub and rim of the cutting wheel. The knife has a leading edge facing a direction of rotation of the cutting wheel and a large-amplitude corrugated shape characterized by peaks and valleys. The knife is secured to the hub and rim with a knife holder, and a clamp secures the knife to a first surface of the knife holder. The knife holder and knife are configured to provide continuous and accurate alignment of an individual food product throughout the slicing thereof by the knife of each knife assembly to produce food product slices with a generally parallel-cut cross-section having a uniform thickness and a large-amplitude periodic shape with an amplitude of 0.1 inch or greater.

Abstract: A vertical and horizontal mills and discs therefor for grinding particles to submicron size. The mills include two overlapping vertical barrels. Each barrel has a shaft and a plurality of circular discs attached to the shaft disposed in each barrel for grinding materials to submicron size. The discs have an open mesh design provided by overlapping rectangular blades. Each blade has at least two opposing walls orthogonal to a plane defined by the disc. Each disc on one shaft overlaps a disc on the other shaft by from 30 to 45% of the diameter of the discs. An inlet is provided for feeding material to be ground by the mill to the overlapped portion of the discs. An outlet is disposed at an end of the mill opposite the inlet for removing ground material from the mill.

Abstract: Apparatuses for cutting food product are provided having a cutting head. The cutting head includes one or more knife assemblies. Each knife assembly includes a knife extending toward the food product and is adapter to secure the knife to the cutting head. The knife has a corrugated shape to produce a food product slice with generally parallel cuts wherein the food product slice has a periodic shape and a large-amplitude cross-section.

Abstract: A refiner (1, 2, 3) for refining fibrous material. And a blade element (18) for a refiner (1, 2, 3) intended for refining fibrous material. The blade element (18) having a refining surface (18?), which has blade bars (21, 23) and blade grooves (22, 24) between them. The top surface of at least one blade bar (21, 23) is provided with refining grits (25). The blade element (18) has portions (29, 30) forming a protruding part extending away above the refining surface (26a, 26b) and above the blade bars (21, 23) or the refining grits (25) on the refining surface.

Abstract: A set of plate segments for refining comminuted cellulosic material including: a first plate segment and a second plate segment, wherein the first plate segment and the second plate segment each have a refining side configured to oppose the refining side on the other segment, and each of said refining sides includes a refining zone having bars and grooves between adjacent ones of the bars, wherein distance between the grooves in the first plate segment and the grooves in the second plate segment is substantially constant along an arc through the refining zone while the set is mounted to discs in a refiner.

Abstract: A light weight plate segment configured to be mounted on a disc of a disperser or refiner for comminuted cellulosic material including: a front face having disperser teeth or refining bars; a back face having a raised post surrounding a fastener attachment structure and a raised plate positioning section; side edges of the plate segment; and a radially outer edge and a radially inner edge extending between the side edges; wherein the back face lacks raised structures along the side edges.

Abstract: A cast metal plate segment for a refiner of lignocellulosic material or a disperser of comminuted paper or packaging products, the plate segment including a front side with a front surface configured to refine the lignocellulosic material or disperge the comminuted paper or packaging products, and a back side, opposite to the front side, including a corner or edge, wherein the corner or edge comprises a casted surface between machined planar surfaces adjacent the corner or edge.

Abstract: A process for making spare parts for refiners used for producing paper, in particular for making refiners for preparing paper pulps, where the pulp enters at one end and exits on the other side, passing through a rotary body or rotor or male component equipped with bars (or grooves) and a casing or stator or female component bearing fixed counter-bars. This process includes mechanical machining of unmachined sectors; routing or mechanical machining of the machined sectors to obtain a set of bars or grooves or holes; putting together the cone (rotor or stator by joining all of the sectors to the supporting flanges; mechanical machining (turning and grinding) to finish the cone; and balancing of the rotor or stator.

Abstract: Refiner plate segments and refiner plates having fully dammed or partially dammed grooves on a major surface that may control flow behavior of lignocellulosic materials passing between refining plates in a refiner. The dammed grooves form groove segments, and each groove segment has a length of no more than about 30 mm or a subrange thereof.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a refining disc or a segment thereof, comprising a base composed of a cast iron and teeth composed of a metal carbide composite, which teeth protrude from the base, wherein the teeth are partially embedded in the base. A disc refiner comprising a first and a second disc composed of such discs or segments, said first and second discs being arranged such that the teeth of the first disc face the teeth of the second disc as well as a method of disintegrating a material using such as disc refiner are also provided.

Abstract: A refiner plate segment with a continuous transition zone spanning from the periphery or near the periphery of the plate in a substantial spiral toward the axis of rotation of the plate adjacent the breaker bar zone.

Abstract: A refiner plate carrier for use in refining lignocellulosic material including a mounting mechanism for mounting to a refiner plate segment and not a rotor or stator disk. The combined plate carrier and refiner plate segment may be then attached to a refiner disk. The refiner plate carrier need not provide structural support to the segment during lignocellulosic refining.

Abstract: A heavy duty rotary disc-type wood chipper containing a knife clamping system that conducts the impact and shearing loads acting upon the chipper knives along two primary axes which allows for more efficient dissipation of the impact loads and a reduction in the deleterious effects of off-axis loads resulting in the ability to use smaller holding bolts and smaller knives in the system without adversely effecting either the ability of the knives to stay fixed to the disc or the quality of chips produced.

Abstract: A set of plate segments for refining comminuted cellulosic material including: a first plate segment and a second plate segment, wherein the first plate segment and the second plate segment each have a refining side configured to oppose the refining side on the other segment, and each of said refining sides includes a refining zone having bars and grooves between adjacent ones of the bars, wherein distance between the grooves in the first plate segment and the grooves in the second plate segment is substantially constant along an arc through the refining zone while the set is mounted to discs in a refiner.

Abstract: A refining surface (1, 2) of a refiner for defibrating lignocellulose-containing material has a first blade bar (14?) and a second blade bar (14?) with a blade groove (15) therebetween. A third blade bar has a rising guide surface (21) for guiding the lignocellulose-containing material to an upper surface (14c) of the third blade bar. The third bar guide surface is arranged, in the direction of travel of the first and the second blade bar (14?), at least partly between the first and the second blade bar, between the first blade bar and an imaginary extension of the second blade bar, between an imaginary extension of the first blade bar and the second blade bar, or between the imaginary extensions of both the first and the second blade bar.

Abstract: A refiner or disperser blade is made of a steel alloy by casting. The alloy comprises, in weight percent: 0.6 to 4 wt-% carbon (C), 0.5 to 1.5 wt-% silicon (Si), 0.4 to 1.5 wt-% manganese (Mn), 12 to 28 wt-% chromium (Cr), 4 to 12 wt-% niobium (Nb), as well as iron (Fe).

Abstract: A deflaker plate for use in a deflaker for reducing fibrous flakes in a slurry of fibers. The deflaker plate may include at least one annular ring consisting of multiple teeth, in which at least one tooth has a leading face, a trailing face, and an impact-generating side-face. The impact-generating side-face may be adapted to generate an impact force during operation, such that the force corresponds to a first vector radially pushing the slurry towards a center of the deflaker and a second vector tangentially pushing the slurry towards the leading face.

Abstract: A method of mechanically refining lignocellulosic material in a refiner having opposing refiner plates including: introducing the material to an inlet in one of the opposing refiner plates; rotating at least one of the plates with respect to the other plate, wherein the material moves radially outward through a gap between the plates due to centrifugal forces created by the rotation; as the material moves through the gap, passing the material over bars in a refiner zone of a first one the plates, each bar in the refiner zone having a leading face and an upper ridge, wherein the leading face includes a sidewall of the bar facing a direction of rotation of the opposing plate and the leading edge has an interior angle of between 150 degrees to 175 degrees, and discharging the material from the gap at a periphery of the refiner plates.

Abstract: A rotary mandolin assembly for processing food comprises a container, a lid, and an operating handle. The container has a base and a sidewall that connects to and protrudes upwardly from the base. The sidewall terminates at a flange. The lid contacts the flange of the sidewall of the container. The lid has a cover, a retractable door, and a blade carrier. The cover has an opening formed therein. The retractable door is disposed above the opening of the cover. The retractable door is adapted to be positioned in one of a first position and a second position. The blade carrier has a plurality of blades attached thereto. The blade carrier is disposed beneath both the cover and the retractable door. The operating handle removably connects to the blade carrier.

Abstract: A refiner (1) comprising a stator (2) and a rotor (4). The stator (2) and the rotor (4) comprise a flat portion (7, 9) and a conical portion (8, 10). The conical portion has a first end (17) of smaller diameter (D1) and a second end (18) of greater diameter (D2) such that the first end is directed towards the flat portion and the second end is directed away from the flat portion. The refining surface (12) of the conical portion of the stator comprises at least an outer zone (23) arranged at the second end of the conical portion and an inner zone (22) arranged relative to the outer zone on the side of the first end of the conical portion. A portion of the length of the blade bars (20) in the outer zone are arranged relative to the rotation direction (RD) of the rotor such that they have a retentive effect on the material to be refined. Also a blade segment (19) for a conical portion of a stator of a refiner.

Abstract: A refiner plate carrier for use in refining lignocellulosic material including a mounting mechanism for mounting to a refiner plate segment and not a rotor or stator disk. The combined plate carrier and refiner plate segment may be then attached to a refiner disk. The refiner plate carrier need not provide structural support to the segment during lignocellulosic refining.

Abstract: A device for grinding input material is provided with a supporting disk rotating around an axis of rotation within a housing. On the supporting disk, in its circumferential area, first grinding tools are arranged concentrically, axially opposite from which second grinding tools are arranged, forming a radial grinding gap. During operation of a device in accordance with the invention, the grinding tools execute a motion relative to one another. In accordance with an embodiment, the first grinding tools be fastened over an interchangeable ring to the supporting disk, wherein the interchangeable ring is fastened removably to the supporting disk concentric to the axis of rotation and on which the first grinding tools are arranged.

Abstract: A refiner plate carrier for use in refining lignocellulosic material including a mounting mechanism for mounting to a refiner plate segment and not a rotor or stator disk. The combined plate carrier and refiner plate segment may be then attached to a refiner disk. The refiner plate carrier need not provide structural support to the segment during lignocellulosic refining.

Abstract: A double-sided wear insert, for a knife assembly that includes a knife, a clamp, and a holder. In one embodiment, the wear insert can be turned end-for-end, and in another embodiment the wear insert can be flipped up-side down, to double the service life of the part.

Abstract: A refining surface (2) of a refiner stator (4) for a refiner for defibrating lignocellulose-containing material has a feed edge (17) oriented in the direction of the feed flow of the material to be refined, and a discharge edge (16) oriented in the direction of the discharge flow of the material refined. The surface (2) has blade bars (10) with grooves (11) therebetween, and at least one dam (12) in a groove (11). The dam has an upwardly rising guiding surface (13) from the blade groove bottom (15) for guiding the material to be refined and the material already refined out of the blade groove. The upward direction of the guiding surface (13) is from the direction of the discharge edge (16) of the refining surface (2) in the direction of the feed edge (17) of the refining surface (2).

Abstract: A refiner plate assembly and method includes an annular arrangement of adapter subplates that mount to a refiner disk of a disk refiner using a conventional mounting technique, such as bolted in a standard pattern associated with the particular disk refiner. The adapter subplate arrangement remains mounted to the disk and provides a universal mounting surface for an annular arrangement of individual removable refiner segments. A steam and/or accept evacuation channel is provided in this assembly via filter passages at a radially intermediate location in one or more refiner segments which communicate with a recess or channel in one or more associated adapter subplates that direct the steam and/or accepts through outlet ports in the outer rim of the adapter subplate(s). Refining efficiency is provided in a universal refiner plate assembly by eliminating steam volume and already refined pulp from outer portions of the refining zone.

Abstract: A face-mounted carrier for transporting a refiner plate segment for refining lignocellulosic material to a refiner disk. The refiner plate segment may contain threads that facilitate bolting to the face-mounted carrier and bolting to the refiner disk.

Abstract: A refiner (1) comprising a stator (2) and a rotor (6) that comprise a planar portion and a conical portion after the planar portion, which in turn comprise refining surfaces (4, 8) provided with blade bars (15, 18, 24) and blade grooves (16, 19, 25) therebetween, and the planar portions (4?, 81) of the refining surfaces (4, 8) of the stator (2) and the rotor (6) comprising at least two refining zones (14, 17, 23) in the direction of the radius (R) of the planar portion.

Abstract: A refiner plate for a mechanical refiner of lignocellulosic material including: a refining surface on a substrate, wherein the refining surface is adapted to face a refining surface of an opposing refiner plate; wherein the refining surface includes bars and grooves between the bars and the bars have at least a radially outer section in which the bars include a leading sidewall having an irregular surface in the outer section.

Abstract: A bushing to assist in positioning a bolt in the bolt apertures of refining plates and disk. The bushing is a cylindrical sleeve that slides over the bolt shaft, before the bolt is inserted into the aperture. The bushing may be short relative to the length of the bolt and the aperture. The bushing fits between the bolt and aperture in the refining plate and/or disk, as the bolt engages the threads of the plate and/or disk. The bolt is centered in the aperture and the centered bolt ensures that the plate segment is properly positioned on the disk as the bolt fastens the segment to the disk.

Abstract: A portable chipper apparatus having a chipping disc with front and rear faces and a series of slots extending through the disc. A knife is arranged on the front face of the disc in proximate relation relative to each slot. At least two shredder/detanglers are secured to the rear face of the disc. Each shredder/detangler includes a base and at least three generally planar and substantially identical paddles arranged in spaced and generally parallel relation relative to each other. The paddles extend from the base at an angle and projects away from the rear face of the chipping disc. The paddles on each shredder/detangler have a continuous elongated linear cutting edge for impacting with and further reducing and cutting the size of the chipped material engaged by the paddles. Each shredder/detangler further includes an impeller at a distal end of the base.

Abstract: A sharp edged knife stop can secure the position of knife blades in a cutting or chipping system and prevent the separation of knife blades. The sharp edged knife stops can also assist in the cutting or chipping and lower the amount of debris build up that would occur with the use of traditional knife stops. The sharp edged knife stop has the same inclination angle as the knife blades and the same difference in knife edge height as the knife blades above that of a retaining ring height.

Abstract: Replaceable refiner fillings used for refining of lignocellulosic and other natural and synthetic fibrous materials in the manufacture of paper, paperboard, and fiberboard products. The refiner fillings include a pattern of blades and spacers defined by a bar cluster, with the bar cluster being the basis of formation of the filling. A method of manufacture provides bar cluster patterns based on factors including pumping angle, plurality of segments in a refiner filling, and the number of clusters in a segment. A bar set cluster is established for uniform fabrication of bar clusters for the refiner fillings.

Abstract: Plate elements, a plate configuration, and associated system for thermomechanical refining of wood chips wherein destructured and partially defibrated chips are fed to a rotating disc primary refiner, where opposed discs each have an inner band pattern of bars and grooves and outer band pattern of bars and grooves, such that substantially complete fiberization (defibration) of the chips is achieved in the inner band and the resulting fibers are fibrillated in the outer band. One embodiment is directed to a pair of opposed co-operating refining plate elements for a flat disc refiner wherein the bars and grooves on each of the inner bands form an inner feed region followed by an outer working region, the bars and groove on each of the outer bands form an inner feed region followed by an outer working region, and the gap and/or material flow area formed when the plates are placed in front of each other increases between the inner working region and the outer feed region.

Abstract: A hogging, sometimes known as reducing, apparatus for reducing wood waste into hog fuel, though some embodiments may also be used for reducing other materials including demolition timber, demolition masonry, mild steel scrap (thin sections), soft metal scrap, recycled cans, recycled glass, recycled plastic, soft rocks, occasionally hard rocks, recycled roading and asphalt, old tyres, and certain green garden waste. The apparatus includes a drum (40) inclined to the horizontal and into which raw material can be fed at its upper end. Rotation of the drum (40) assists driving raw material towards reducing elements (45) positioned at an angle near its (40) lower end. Screening apertures (41) allow sufficiently comminuted material to pass therethrough for removal. Optional features include internal agitators (60) for improving processing and screening, assisted drying of raw material by motor exhaust (71), and initial pre-screening of foreign material.

Abstract: A special shape of bars on refining discs or plate segments of a rotating disc refiner is disclosed including a plurality of bars generally extending outwards towards the outer end of the disk across its surface, arranged in a single, two or more radial zones, the plurality of the bars within a zone being curved with the shape of a logarithmic spiral. Disc refiners including such refining discs are also disclosed.

Abstract: A disc cutting apparatus for chipping wood chips from a log includes a chipper frame, a rotary cutting disc having a plurality of substantially radially disposed knife assemblies in relation to a proximal facing side of the disc and a feed spout into which a log is fed into the chipper apparatus. The apparatus further includes a bedknife, the bedknife having a first surface and an opposing second surface that is nonparallel to the first surface such that a wedge is produced between the first surface and the second surface for fitting within a corresponding nonparallel gap in the chipper frame. The bedknife further includes at least one secondary trimming edge for more complete reduction of wood chipped and for reducing the size of slivers formed.

Abstract: A refiner plate assembly and method includes an annular arrangement of adapter subplates that mount to a refiner disk of a disk refiner using a conventional mounting technique, such as bolted in a standard pattern associated with the particular disk refiner. The adapter subplate arrangement remains mounted to the disk and provides a universal mounting surface for an annular arrangement of individual removable refiner segments. A steam and/or accept evacuation channel is provided in this assembly via filter passages at a radially intermediate location in one or more refiner segments which communicate with a recess or channel in one or more associated adapter subplates that direct the steam and/or accepts through outlet ports in the outer rim of the adapter subplate(s). Refining efficiency is provided in a universal refiner plate assembly by eliminating steam volume and already refined pulp from outer portions of the refining zone.

Abstract: A wear plate assembly includes a body portion and an abutment flange extending from a radially outer circumferential edge of the body portion and substantially normal thereto. The abutment flange is cooperatively configured with respect to another abutment flange of a respective adjacent wear plate that interengages with the wear plate such that a convoluted edge of the another abutment flange of the respective adjacent wear plate intermeshes with a respective convoluted edge of the abutment flange of the wear plate. At least one polygonal recess and a corresponding abutment ramp are substantially aligned therewith at a same latitude on the body portion, the recess further includes a through hole extending through the wear plate. A first clip configured is partially received in the polygonal recess, the clip having a plurality of exposed impact surface faces.

Abstract: A face-mounted carrier for transporting a refiner plate segment for refining lignocellulosic material to a refiner disk. The refiner plate segment may contain threads that facilitate bolting to the face-mounted carrier and bolting to the refiner disk.

Abstract: Replaceable refiner fillings used for refining of lignocellulosic and other natural and synthetic fibrous materials in the manufacture of paper, paperboard, and fiberboard products. The refiner fillings include a pattern of blades and spacers defined by a bar cluster, with the bar cluster being the basis of formation of the filling. A method of manufacture provides bar cluster patterns based on factors including pumping angle, plurality of segments in a refiner filling, and the number of clusters in a segment. A bar set cluster is established for uniform fabrication of bar clusters for the refiner fillings.