Abstract: A water washable substantially biodegradable dye penetrant composition having excellent sensitivity and high stability, for use in non-destructive testing of objects to locate voids and defects therein, said composition consisting essentially of an organic dye, preferably a fluorescent dye, and a carrier or solvent for said dye, in the form of a mixture of certain ethoxylated linear alcohols, particularly a combination of biodegradable nonionic surfactants each comprised of ethoxylates of a mixture of secondary alcohols having linear alkyl chains of from 11 to 15 carbon atoms, one of which contains an average of 5 moles of ethylene oxide, and another of which contains an average of 9 moles of ethylene oxide.

Abstract: A method for detection of surface discontinuities by luminescence which consists in the successive treatment of the surfaces of materials subject to testing and inspection with the following compositions of a penetrant, cleaning fluid and a developer, whereupon they are inspected under an ultraviolet light at wavelength of 340-420 nm. Liquid constituents are in volume percent.______________________________________ a) penetrant ditolylmethane 45-55 lower aliphatic alcohol 35-45 surface-active substance of non-ionogenic type 8-12 1,8-naphthoylene-1',2'-benzimidazole 7-9 gr/l or a composition: high-molecular aromatic hydrocarbons with 15-20 boiling point of about 700.degree. C paraffin hydrocarbons with boiling point of 120-240.degree.

Abstract: Flaws in the surface of a physical object, such as cracks, breaks, and other physical discontinuities in metal surfaces are detected by inspection under ultraviolet irradiation after the surface has been coated with a novel flaw detection medium comprising an organic liquid solution of particular organic phosphor materials with an organic binder. The soluble organic phosphor materials found useful in this manner exhibit luminescence when excited by ultraviolet irradiation and are selected from the general class of heterocyclic aromatic nitrogen compounds. In the present inspection method, a coating of the flaw detection medium is applied to the surface being inspected and the dried coating then removed except at the flaw sites prior to inspection. The present liquid flaw detection medium can also be prepackaged for convenient dispensing from a pressurized container through use of conventional propellants such as fluorinated hydrocarbons or their equivalent.

Abstract: A fluorometric system to determine the kind and amount of substances derived from a biological fluid (e.g., serum or urine) or tissue. The substances to be detected (e.g., antigen, antibody, hormone or enzyme) is coated onto a substrate in fluorescent form. Multiple coating areas of different samples may be employed. The fluorometric system includes a source of light to excite fluorescence, a fiber optic cable to conduct the excitation light to such coating, and a second fiber optic cable to conduct emitted fluorescence to a detector device. The system minimizes any gap distance in the path from the sample to the detector which permits the loss of excessive fluorescence. A branched fiber optical cable with the main trunk terminating adjacent the sample with one branch for transmitting light to the sample and the other for transmitting fluorescence light to the detector.

Abstract: Liquid oxygen-compatible water washable substantially biodegradable dye penetrant composition having excellent sensitivity and high stability, for use in non-destructive dye penetrant inspection particularly of parts or mechanical components which are later placed in contact with liquid oxygen, such composition consisting essentially of an organic dye, preferably a fluorescent dye, a carrier or solvent for said dye, in the form of certain ethoxylated linear alcohols, particularly the biodegradable nonionic surfactants comprised of ethoxylates of a mixture of secondary alcohols having linear alkyl chains of from 11 to 15 carbon atoms, and an average of from 3 to 12 moles of ethylene oxide, and a nonflammable liquid halocarbon which is volatile at room temperature, e.g. 1,1,1-trichloroethane.

Abstract: Postemulsifiable dye penetrant inspection system and method employing substantially biodegradable dye penetrant compositions and emulsifiers, for use in non-destructive testing of objects to locate voids and defects therein, the dye penetrant composition consisting essentially of an organic dye, preferably a fluorescent dye, and a carrier or solvent for said dye, in the form of certain straight chain, primary, aliphatic oxyalkylated alcohols, particularly biodegradable surfactants comprised of the nonionic condensation products of linear primary aliphatic alcohols having from 10 to 18 carbon atoms, with ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, preferably in the form of a mixture thereof, or in the form of certain ethoxylated secondary alcohols, particularly the biodegradable nonionic surfactants comprised of ethoxylates of a mixture of secondary alcohols having linear alkyl chains of from 11 to 15 carbon atoms, such surfactants and the resultant dye penetrants having limited water solubility and normally requiring

Abstract: A representative reading for the concentration of a suspension of luminous and magnetizable particles is provided in every case, even when luminous but non-magnetizable particles are also present. That is, the presence of non-magnetizable luminous particles in the suspension have no effect on the determination. A rotating wheel-like member has its lowermost portions immersed in a supply of the magnetic particle suspension in a fluid carrier. The circumferential periphery includes a permanent magnet having a gap extending continuously around the periphery and covered over by a plastic rim. As the wheel-like member rotates, the magnetic particle suspension forms a bead along the magnet gap. Ultra violet radiation directed onto the bead causes the magnetic particles to fluoresce and the degree of fluorescence is measured by photosensitive means.

Abstract: A water washable substantially biodegradable dye penetrant composition having good sensitivity and high stability, for use in non-destructive testing of objects to locate voids and defects therein, said composition consisting essentially of an organic dye, preferably a fluorescent dye, and a carrier or solvent for said dye, in the form of certain straight chain, primary, aliphatic oxyalkylated alcohols, particularly the biodegradable surfactants comprised of the nonionic condensation products of linear primary aliphatic alcohols having from 10 to 18 carbon atoms, with ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, preferably in the form of a mixture thereof.

Abstract: Abnormal behavior of mammalian cells is detected in vitro by measuring the fluidity or an associated phenomenon of the lipid layer of the cell surface membrane. Abnormal behavior of cells, in particular if caused by malignant transformations, is associated with increase of fluidity of the liquid layer of the cell membrane, as compared with normal cells. The fluidity can be determined, e.g., by measuring the degree of fluorescence polarization of the radiation emitted from a suspension of cells labelled in the lipid layer with a fluorescent compound. 1,6-Diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene was found to be a suitable fluorescent probe.

Abstract: A dye penetrant composition adapted to enter minute surface defects when applied over a workpiece surface, which consists essentially of an organic dye, preferably a fluorescent dye, in a lactam solvent, particularly N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, and providing improved clarity and definition when inspected under suitable, e.g. fluorescent, light.

Abstract: A method is described for determining the presence of an antigen-specific antibody in a vertebrate. Effluvial tissue is exposed to antigens from known sources and is subsequently examined to detect the presence or absence of a conjugate compound formed between a particular antigen and an antibody constituent of the tissue sample. The antigen may be labeled with a fluorescent or radioactive moiety to assist in the detection of conjugate compound formation.

Abstract: A method is provided for evaluating fluorescent penetrants in which a penetrant to be evaluated is applied to a bevelled edge of a laminate of adhesively bonded metal sheets, the edge having shallow, parallel grooves formed therein between the metal sheets. After removal of excess penetrant from the edge, a developer is applied thereto and the edge is exposed to ultraviolet light. By observing the appearance of the bevelled edge, e.g., the brightness of the parallel lines resulting from penetrant being drawn from the grooves through action of the developer, an indication of the efficacy of the penetrant is obtained.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is disclosed for the on-machine measurement of coat weights of coatings applied to paper webs or the like. The invention provides an accuracy of plus or minus 0.1 pound per ream of coating in the coat weight range of from about 0 to 5 pounds per ream. Higher coat weights can be measured by practicing the method of the present invention, however the accuracy of the measurements of higher coat weights is reduced with an upper limit in the range of from about 10 to 20 pounds per ream depending upon the coating formulation being applied. The invention permits separate coat weight measurements of a web coated both sides and is carried out by including a small amount of a fluorescing optical brightener in the coating applied. The level of fluorescence of the optical brightener is continuously measured under a UV light source and the readings obtained are converted to determine the coat weight applied.

Abstract: The method of inspecting shot peened surfaces of a workpiece for the extent of coverage comprises coating the surface to be peened of a workpiece with a material containing a fluorescent dye and then shot peening the part to be peened until the amount of fluorescent coating remaining, as indicated by the amount of fluorescent radiation given off when exposed to ultraviolet light, compares with the amount of fluorescent radiation given off from a previously prepared control specimen which has the same material characteristics as the workpiece and was coated with the same fluorescent material and shot peened to a desired coverage.

Abstract: A method for detecting surface discontinuities in a part which comprises applying a non-water miscible fluorescent penetrant to the part to permit the penetrant to enter and become lodged in surface discontinuities, applying an emulsifying agent to the part to emulsify excess penetrant, washing the part with water to remove the emulsifying agent and emulsified penetrant while leaving penetrant lodged in the discontinuities, and thereafter applying particles of a dry hydrophobic developer over the part so that upon removal of excess developer, the part may be inspected for penetrant exuded out of the discontinuities and into the hydrophobic particles.

Abstract: Receptors are employed to which one or more fluroescent molecules are bound. When the receptors are bound to the epitopic sites on the surface and light of predetermined wave length is directed toward the surface, the fluorescing molecules are activated and fluoresce.In carrying out an assay, receptor is combined with an unknown suspected of containing molecules having the same epitopic sites bound to the surface. The receptor will bind to these molecules reducing the number of receptor sites available for binding to the epitopic sites on the surface. When the assay medium is contacted with the surface, the amount of receptor which binds to the surface, will be a function of available binding sites and, therefore, to the number of the molecules present in the unknown. Upon irradiation of the surface, substantially only the fluoroescent molecules bound to the surface will fluoresce. By monitoring the fluorescence, one can determine the presence and number of molecules of interest present in the unknown.

Abstract: A water washable substantially biodegradable dye penetrant composition having excellent sensitivity and high stability, for use in non-destructive testing of objects to locate voids and defects therein, said composition consisting essentially of an organic dye, preferably a fluorescent dye, and a carrier or solvent for said dye, in the form of a mixture of certain ethoxylated linear alcohols, particularly a combination of biodegradable nonionic surfactants each comprised of ethoxylates of a mixture of secondary alcohols having linear alkyl chains of from 11 to 15 carbon atoms, one of which contains an average of 5 moles of ethylene oxide, and another of which contains an average of 9 moles of ethylene oxide.