Abstract: The present invention is thus directed to an automated system and method of varying the optical path length in a sample that a light from a spectrophotometer must travel through. Such arrangements allow a user to easily vary the optical path length while also providing the user with an easy way to clean and prepare a transmission cell for optical interrogation. Such path length control can be automatically controlled by a programmable control system to quickly collect and stores data from different path lengths as needed for different spectrographic analysis. Such a methodology and system, as presented herein, is able to return best-match spectra with far fewer computational steps and greater speed than if all possible combinations of reference spectra are considered.

Abstract: The present invention relates to thermal detectors and the application of such to devices and methods of detecting the infrared images using thermal detectors. For example, by using optical measuring systems in combination with at least one light source to measure changes position of a movable anchored surface coupled to an absorption surface such that the movable anchored surface changes position due to absorption of infrared radiation by the absorption surface. In another example, by combining a detector pixel (infrared radiation sensitive) with an optical measuring device such as an interferometer.

Abstract: A bolometer type Terahertz wave detector comprises: a temperature detecting portion having a thin bolometer film formed on a substrate, a reflective film that reflects Terahertz waves formed on the substrate at a position facing the temperature detecting portion, and an absorption film formed on the top surface of part of an eave-like member that extends to the inside from the perimeter edge section of the temperature detecting portion and that absorbs Terahertz waves. The reflective film and the absorption film form an optical resonant structure. A thermal isolation structure is formed by a support portion that supports the temperature detecting portion such that it is separated from the substrate by a gap. The eave-like member is supported by the support portion so that it is separated from the substrate by a gap.

Abstract: A dual-coplanar sensor architecture is constructed by launching from coaxial airline to a unique arrangement of coplanar waveguides, arranged symmetrically on both sides of a thin dielectric substrate. The center conductor of the coaxial airline makes electrical contact with the middle conductor of both the top and bottom coplanar waveguides. The characteristic impedance of the top and bottom coplanar waveguides is designed to be approximately twice the characteristic impedance of the coaxial airline, such that the parallel combination of the two coplanar waveguides is the characteristic impedance of the coaxial airline. Further, steps in both the ground planes and center conductor at the point of transition from coaxial to coplanar are used to tune the launch and minimize reflection at the launch.

Abstract: A thermal detector has a substrate, a thermal detector element having a light-absorbing film, and a support member. The support member has a mounting part mounting the thermal detector element, a first arm part having one end that is linked to one end of the mounting part and another end that is supported on the substrate, and a second arm part having one end that is linked to the other end of the mounting part and another end that is supported on the other end of the substrate. A plurality of wirings electrically connected with the thermal detector element are provided on the first arm part, and the length of the second arm part is shorter than the length of the first arm part.

Abstract: An infrared detection sensor array according to the present invention is characterized by being provided with a substrate, at least one hole that passes through the substrate, a first infrared detection element provided to one side of the substrate and a second infrared detection element provided on the other side of the substrate so as to at least partially cover the hole.

Abstract: A pyroelectric detector includes a pyroelectric detection element, a support member, a fixing part and a first reducing gas barrier layer. A first side of the support member faces a cavity and the pyroelectric detection element is mounted and supported on a second side opposite from the first side. An opening part communicated with the cavity is formed on a periphery of the support member in plan view from the second side of the support member. The fixing part supports the support member. The first reducing gas barrier layer covers a first surface of the support member on the first side, a side surface of the support member facing the opening part, and a part of a second surface of the support member on the second side and the pyroelectric detection element exposed as viewed from the second side of the support member.

Abstract: A sensor device includes a plurality of row lines WL, a plurality of column lines DL, a plurality of reset lines RL, a plurality of pixel circuits that connect to each one of the plurality of row lines, the plurality of column lines and the plurality of reset lines, and an amplifier circuit. The plurality of pixel circuits respectively includes a pyroelectric element, a reset switch that is driven by the plurality of reset lines and discharges an electric charge of the pyroelectric element, and a pixel selection switch that is driven by the plurality of row lines and outputs a signal, which is based on a change of the electric charge of the pyroelectric element by a discharge, to one of the column lines. The signal based on the change of the electric charge of the pyroelectric element by the discharge is amplified in the amplifier circuit.

Abstract: A thermal detector has a thermal detection element in which a physical characteristic changes based on temperature, a light-absorbing member configured and arranged to collect heat and transmit collected heat to the thermal detection element, a support member mounting the thermal detection element on a first side with a second surface facing a cavity, and a support part supporting a portion of the support member. The light-absorbing member is a plate shaped member at least partially contacting a top part of the thermal detection element and having a portion overhanging to an outside from the top part of the thermal detection element in plan view.

Abstract: Detection circuits include a pyroelectric element, source follower circuits that include transistors TN, TP1 in which a detection signal SD from the pyroelectric element is inputted to a gate, first switching elements that interrupt an electric current that flows in the transistors, and a second switching element that interrupts between the pyroelectric element and the gate of the transistor. The second switching element can interrupts a connection between the pyroelectric element and the gate of the transistor before the first switching elements interrupt the electric current that flows in the transistors TN, TP1.

Abstract: A detector (1) for detection of a presence of a living being (10) comprises at least one pyroelectric cell (2A;2B) for detection of the presence of the living being (10) and for producing a corresponding detection signal (6). The detection signal (6) comprises at least one living being's vital signal. The detector comprises a processor unit (8) for concluding the presence of the living being (10) based on the detection signal (6) and on the vital signal. Such detector is characterized with the relative high certainty when detecting the presence of the living being. The invention further relates to a lighting system comprising the above described detector.

Abstract: A pyroelectric infrared body sensing switch circuit comprises an amplification circuit, a delay unit, an execution unit, and an infrared detection circuit comprising one or more pyroelectric infrared detection elements. A power unit comprises first and second power circuits. Each of the first and second power circuits receives AC power and supplies DC power through RC voltage reduction, full-wave rectification, filtration, and voltage stabilization. The first power circuit supplies power to the execution unit and the second power circuit supplies power to the infrared detection circuit, the amplification circuit, and the delay unit. A signal outputted from the infrared detection circuit is inputted to the amplification circuit. A signal outputted from the amplification circuit controls the activation of the delay unit. A signal output from the delay unit controls the execution unit.

Abstract: A moving object detecting device includes a detecting device body that includes a detection unit formed in a chassis covering the inside of an apparatus and disposed to correspond to a monitoring window of which at least an aperture area or an aperture size is restricted and which monitors a moving object approaching the apparatus and a circuit board unit controlling a signal output from the detection unit and is disposed so that some optical axes among optical axes having detection surfaces of plural infrared detecting elements included in the detection unit, as focal points passes through the monitoring window and the other optical axes are blocked by the chassis, and an optical member that is formed in an inner wall of the chassis and that deflects the other optical axes of the infrared detection elements to pass through the monitoring window.

Abstract: A system for supplying voltage to a downhole component is disclosed. The system includes: a pyroelectric material disposed in electrical communication with the component, the component configured to be disposed within a borehole in an earth formation; and a heating unit in operable communication with the pyroelectric material and configured to change a temperature of the pyroelectric material and cause the pyroelectric material to generate a voltage to activate the component. A method of supplying voltage to a downhole component is also disclosed.

Abstract: While conductive adhesives 60 are provided between element electrodes of a pyroelectric element 10 and board electrodes of an installation board 20, the conductive adhesives 60 are hardened to connect between the element electrodes of the pyroelectric element 10 and the board electrodes of the installation board 20. The conductive adhesives 60 include epoxy resin and, after hardened, have 4 B to 7 H, both inclusive, of pencil hardness as their hardness on JIS K 5600-5-4 (ISO 15184) standard basis. If the pyroelectric element 10 is broken down, the hardened conductive adhesives 60 are impacted or are cut by using a cutter to take off the pyroelectric element 10 from the installation board 20.

Abstract: The present invention aims to reduce a size and improve quality of an infrared sensor. An infrared sensor (203) according to the present invention includes a substrate (202) and an infrared detection element (201). A principal surface of the substrate (202) includes a convex shape. The infrared detection element (201) is formed over the principal surface including the convex shape of the substrate (202). Further, as for the infrared detection element (201), an entire light-receiving surface includes a planar shape. Then, it can be the small-sized infrared sensor (203) with improved quality.

Abstract: A pyroelectric sensor array is attachable on a circuit board. The pyroelectric sensor array comprises a pyroelectric board and a plurality of pyroelectric elements formed on the pyroelectric board. The pyroelectric board has a connection surface configured to be placed on the circuit board. The pyroelectric elements contains a peripheral pyroelectric element arranged at a peripheral portion of the pyroelectric board in a predetermined arranging direction and a central pyroelectric element arranged at a central portion of the pyroelectric board. Each of the pyroelectric elements has two adjacent connection electrodes formed on the connection surface. An electrostatic capacity between the two connection electrodes of the peripheral pyroelectric element is larger than an electrostatic capacity between the two connection electrodes of the central pyroelectric element.

Abstract: A THz wave detector including a thermal isolation structure in which a supporting unit containing electrode wirings connected to a readout circuit formed in an substrate supports a temperature detecting unit connected to the electrode wirings so that one face of said temperature detecting unit and said substrate are opposed to each other with a predetermined gap, wherein a reflective film reflecting THz waves is formed on the substrate so as to face the temperature detecting unit, an absorbing film absorbing the THz waves is formed on the temperature detecting unit, the reflective film and the temperature detecting unit form an optical resonant structure, the distance between the reflective film and the temperature detecting unit is set to 8 to 14 ?m, and the sheet resistance of the absorbing film is set to 100 to 200 ?/square.

Abstract: An improved net radiometer that measures the total net difference between incoming solar and surface reflected radiant short-wave solar energy flux, and inclusive of the down and upwelling long-wave infrared terrestrial radiant energy flux, within the combined short-wave and long-wave far infrared spectral range is disclosed. Disclosed are net radiometers with thermal absorbers structured to reduce wind sensitivity while maintaining or improving response time. Also disclosed are net radiometers that are configured in a novel way to reduce moisture and water accumulation on the thermal absorber surfaces. In addition, net radiometers are disclosed where the components are configured and thermal absorber structured to reduce unit-to-unit inconsistencies and minimize absorber sensitivity asymmetry effect between the upper and lower instrument absorbers.

Abstract: A pyroelectric detector includes a substrate, a support member, a spacer member, and a pyroelectric detecting element. The spacer member supports the support member over the substrate with a cavity part being formed therebetween. The pyroelectric detecting element includes a first electrode mounted on the support member, a second electrode, and a pyroelectric body between the first and second electrodes. The first electrode includes a first region on which the pyroelectric body is layered, and a second region protruding from the first region in plan view. The support member includes an insulating layer, a first wiring layer disposed on the second surface side of the insulating layer, and a first plug passing through the insulating layer at a position where the first wiring layer and the second region of the first electrode overlap in plan view to connect the first wiring layer with the first electrode.

Abstract: A thermal detector includes: a substrate; a support member supported so that a cavity is formed between the substrate and the support member; a heat-detecting element supported on the support member; a thermal transfer member disposed over the heat-detecting element, and including a thermal collecting portion made of a material having light-reflecting characteristics and having a pattern with which a portion of light incident to a region defined by the support member as seen in plan view enters towards the support member, and a connecting portion connecting the thermal collecting portion to the heat-detecting element; a first light-absorbing layer contacting the thermal transfer member between the thermal transfer member and the support member; and a second light-absorbing layer contacting the thermal transfer member and disposed on the thermal transfer member.

Abstract: In a device for the detection of thermal radiation and a method for production of such a device, a stack is formed with a detector support having a detector element for converting the thermal radiation into an electric signal, a circuit support with a read-out circuit for reading out the electrical signal and a cover to shield the detector element. The detector support and the cover are so arranged that a first stack cavity is formed between the detector element and the cover and a second stack cavity is formed between detector support and the circuit support. The first stack cavity and/or the second stack cavity is evacuated and hermetically sealed. In the manufacturing operation, functionalized silicon-substrates are stacked upon one another, firmly bonded together and subsequently sub-divided. Preferably, the detector elements are pyro-electric detector elements. The device finds application in motion detectors, presence reporters and thermal-image cameras.

Abstract: The pyroelectric infrared detection element has a pyroelectric element including opposite first and second electrodes and an infrared absorption part. The first and second electrodes are formed on first and second thickness-direction surfaces of a pyroelectric substrate respectively. The detection element includes an output terminal unit including first and second output terminals on the substrate, and first and second wiring parts connecting the first and second output terminals to the first and second electrodes respectively. The first wiring part includes a connecting line being a conductive layer on the first surface to connect the first output terminal to the first electrode, and a canceling line for canceling charges generated at the connecting line in response to a change in temperature of the substrate. The canceling line is a conductive layer on the second surface to be insulated from the second electrode and to be connected to the connecting line.

Abstract: A detection device includes a plurality of pyroelectric elements, detection circuit and a poling circuit. The pyroelectric elements include a first pyroelectric element through an n-th pyroelectric element serially provided between a detection node and a first power supply node with n being an integer equal to or greater than 2. The detection circuit is connected to the detection node. The poling circuit is configured to perform a poling process, in which a direction of polarization of at least one of the first pyroelectric element through the nth pyroelectric element is set independently of a direction of polarization of another one of the first pyroelectric element through the n-th pyroelectric element.

Abstract: Disclosed is an image recording apparatus comprising a temperature sensing module, a detecting module, an image capture module and a control unit. The control unit acquires an appropriate high threshold and an appropriate low threshold corresponding to an ambient temperature sensed by a temperature sensing module. The control unit outputs a high threshold voltage and a low threshold voltage to the detecting module for adjusting the sensitivity of the image recording apparatus to suit a variable ambient temperature properly.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a sensor apparatus including forming a first conductive section in the first region, forming a pyroelectric body above the first conductive section, forming a second conductive body above the pyroelectric body, forming a first insulating film both above the second conductive body and in the second region, forming a first opening section with the second conductive section as the bottom surface in the first region by removing a portion of the first insulating film and for forming a second opening section in the second region, filling a third conductive section into both the first opening section and the second opening section, forming a second insulating film which covers the pyroelectric body in the first region and covers the third conductive section in the second region, and forming a third opening section with the third conductive section as the bottom surface by removing a portion of the second insulating film.

Abstract: A radiation sensor (10) comprises one or more radiation sensing elements (1) providing an electric signal in dependence of incident radiation, a housing (4, 5) confining the sensing element and permitting incidence of radiation from outside onto the sensing element, plural terminals (7) for supplying electrical power to the sensor and at least for outputting a sensor output signal, and circuitry (2) receiving the electric signal of the sensing element and providing the output signal in accordance with the electric signal of the sensing element. The circuitry comprises a switching signal circuitry for generating an on/off output signal for a switchable component external to the sensor and/or a digital output signal circuitry for providing a multiple bit serial output signal, and the sensor has one output terminal (7a) for outputting the on/off output signal or the multiple bit serial output signal.

Abstract: An infrared array sensor includes: a base substrate; cavities which have array structure and are formed on a surface side of the base substrate; and pixel parts supported by the base substrate to cover the cavities, respectively. Each of the pixel parts includes a membrane structure that includes segmented membrane structures divided by slits. Each of the segmented membrane structures includes a thermosensor. Each membrane structure of the pixel parts includes a coupling piece for connecting its own segmented membrane structures to each other.

Abstract: A motion detector system including first and second pairs of pyro-electric elements, electrical interconnections between the pyro-electric elements in the first pair providing a first signal output and local temperature compensation for the elements in the first pair, electrical interconnections between the elements in the second pair providing a second signal output and local temperature compensation for the pyro-electric elements in the second pair, wherein the compensation for the first pair is independent of the compensation for the second pair, a housing enclosing the two pairs of pyro-electric elements and defining a window, only one of the pyro-electric elements in each pair viewing a motion detection field of view through the window, and a signal processor receiving the first and second signal outputs and providing an output indication of crossing the field of view by an object having a temperature different from the ambient in the field of view.

Abstract: A device and method which comprises a sensing surface on a membrane, solid surface or electrode, where the sensing surface contains a dye or chromophore chosen in relation to a particular target substance to be detected and quantified. The dye or chromophore is of a type which produces an electrical signal upon illumination. The particular dye or chromophore chosen for a particular target substance is one in which the presence of the target substance causes a change in the electrical signal produced. The presence of the target substance modifies the expected photo-induced charge movements (PICM) produced by the sensing surface upon illumination. The photo-induced charge movements produce signals which are detected by electronic circuits, and the presence and concentration of the target substance is determined by analyzing the difference between the PICM of the target sample versus the PICM of a control sample lacking the target substance.

Abstract: A pyroelectric element includes a pyroelectric substrate being a substrate of lithium tantalate single crystal having an X-axis, a Y-axis, and a Z-axis as crystal axes; front-side electrodes disposed on a front side of the pyroelectric substrate; and back-side electrodes paired with the front-side electrodes, respectively. The pyroelectric substrate is a Y-offcut plate obtained by cutting the lithium tantalate single crystal at an angle turned by a cut angle ? from the Y-axis toward the Z-axis about the X-axis that coincides with a direction along the electrode plane, and the cut angle ? is 30° to 60° or 120° to 150°. The pyroelectric substrate is preferably 10 ?m or less in thickness, and is more preferably 5 ?m to 10 ?m in thickness.

Abstract: A pyroelectric light detector has a base unit, a support member, and a plurality of pyroelectric capacitors containing pyroelectric bodies. The support member includes a first surface and a second surface facing opposite the first surface, and has a hollow space section formed between the second surface and the base unit. The plurality of pyroelectric capacitors are supported by the support member. The plurality of pyroelectric capacitors supported by the support member are electrically connected in series in a direction matching the polarization direction. The position of the projection point for which the center of gravity of the light absorption region corresponding to the pyroelectric capacitor is projected two dimensionally with a plan view can be made to exist inside the region in which the contour line of the pyroelectric body of the pyroelectric capacitor is projected two dimensionally.

Abstract: A passive infrared ray sensor of the present invention includes a plurality of detecting elements 2 and 3 for detecting infrared rays of light emanating from an intruder H present in different detection areas A1 and A2 of a detection region A, and a detection processing unit 6 including a plurality of individual signal processing subunits 7A, 7B each operable to perform a signal processing subject to a detection signal fed from the respective detection element 2 or 3, whereby when the detection signal from at least one of the detecting elements 2 and 3 indicates a detection of a noise other than the intruder, the signal processing of such detecting element 2 or 3 is halted.

Abstract: An infrared ray detection element has a plurality of pyroelectric layers that are laminated in a same direction as an incident direction of infrared rays, one or more intermediate electrode layers laminated between the plurality of pyroelectric layers; a front side electrode layer that is laminated on a front side of the pyroelectric layer positioned at a top side; and a back side electrode layer that is laminated on a back side of the pyroelectric layer positioned at a bottom side. The two pyroelectric layers adjacent in a front and back direction are performed with a polarization process such that polarization directions thereof are set to reverse directions to each other.

Abstract: The object detection device includes: a pyroelectric element configured to output a current signal in response to a change in an amount of infrared light; an I/V conversion circuit including an operational amplifier, a capacitive element serving as a feedback circuit, and a discharging circuit, and configured to convert the current signal to a voltage signal; an A/D conversion circuit configured to convert the voltage signal to a first digital signal; a digital filter configured to extract a detection component having a frequency included in a frequency band associated with an object from a waveform represented by the first digital signal by subjecting the first digital signal to an arithmetic processing, and create a second digital signal representing a waveform of the detection component; a judgment circuit configured to detect the target based on the second digital signal; and a control unit configured to control the discharging circuit based on a period corresponding to a predetermined frequency not great

Abstract: The infrared detecting element has a base plate; an insulating film that is provided on the base plate and has a recessed portion surrounding a hollow space; a supporting section that is held by a beam, one end of the beam being fixed to the insulating film, and is located in an area that opposes the hollow space; and an infrared detecting section that is provided on the supporting section and detects infrared rays, in which the recessed portion is covered with a water repellent film that includes polysilicon, and the beam and the supporting section include silicon nitride or silicon carbonitride.

Abstract: Disclosed is a net radiometer that measures the net difference between incoming solar and outgoing terrestrial radiant flux energy in the combined short-wave and long-wave far infrared spectral range. In accordance with principles of the invention, a balanced net radiometer can be constructed where each thermal absorber is formed from two separate pieces joined together to form a single thermal mass. Within each thermal absorber, each piece is coated with a separate surface coating of different spectral sensitivity. By constructing an absorber from two separate pieces, it is possible to apply spectral coatings with different curing characteristics, to thermal absorber that acts as a single thermal mass. The pieces within each thermal absorber are sized in a proportion that thermally balances the absorber's thermal sensitivity between short-wave and long-wave far infrared radiant energy.

Abstract: An infrared detector comprising a plurality of bolometer detectors, bias circuitry for applying a bias to the bolometer detectors, and connectors for connecting the bolometer detectors together to form a network, wherein the bolometer detectors are arranged in an environment at substantially atmospheric pressure. A method for increasing the sensitivity of an infrared detector, having a plurality of bolometer detectors arranged in an environment at substantially atmospheric pressure so as to at least partly compensate for a reduction in the sensitivity of the infrared detector due to conduction of thermal energy from the bolometer detectors through the environment, the method comprising at least one of the steps of connecting the bolometer detectors together in at least one of series and parallel, and operating the bolometer detectors at a DC bias current.

Abstract: A pyro sensor is for use in a passive infrared motion detector. The pyro sensor includes at least one passive infrared sensor element. A field effect transistor includes a drain, a gate and a source. The gate is connected to the at least one passive infrared sensor element. A first capacitor interconnects the source and ground. The first capacitor has a value of approximately between 47 picoFarads and 1000 picoFarads. A second capacitor interconnects the source and ground. The second capacitor has a value of approximately between 4.7 picoFarads and 47 picoFarads.

Abstract: The Present Invention relates to methods and systems particularly useful in electrical products used to monitor and detect very weak signals. These products include, for example, night vision binoculars and remote listening devices. More specifically, the methods and systems of the Present Invention provide a signal conditioning technique that attenuates electrical noise generated within the product while at the same time preserving the integrity of the input signal. This provides a high signal-to-noise ratio within the product electronics and a dramatically clear final image. The Present Invention includes a method and system for chopping or splitting an input signal into two components, tagging each of the split signal components with opposite polarities, and a second reverse chopping step that combines the split and tagged input signal components into a restored input signal.

Abstract: A bolometer comprising an outer surface for the thermal absorption of incident radiation in thermal contact with a radiation measurement element having a variable resistance (R) depending on the temperature, the element being in a heat feedback loop comprising a corrector for applying a heating power to a resistive heating means in order to maintain the temperature of the resistor equal to a setpoint temperature (Tref). According to the invention, the resistive heating means comprises the element, the corrector is designed to generate a frequency component (S1) of the heating power, which is applied to a coupling means provided between the element and the corrector in order to apply a DC-free signal to the element, a coupling means, separate from the means, is provided between the element and a DC bias means in order to maintain the resistor at a prescribed continuous operation point.

Abstract: A pyroelectric element includes a pyroelectric substrate being a substrate of lithium tantalate single crystal having an X-axis, a Y-axis, and a Z-axis as crystal axes; front-side electrodes disposed on a front side of the pyroelectric substrate; and back-side electrodes paired with the front-side electrodes, respectively. The pyroelectric substrate is a Y-offcut plate obtained by cutting the lithium tantalate single crystal at an angle turned by a cut angle ? from the Y-axis toward the Z-axis about the X-axis that coincides with a direction along the electrode plane, and the cut angle ? is 30° to 60° or 120° to 150°. The pyroelectric substrate is preferably 10 ?m or less in thickness, and is more preferably 5 ?m to 10 ?m in thickness.

Abstract: A pyroelectric element includes a pyroelectric substrate; a light-receiving section composed of a front-side electrode, a back-side electrode, and a light-receiving portion; and a light-receiving section composed of a front-side electrode, a back-side electrode, and a light-receiving portion. Since the pyroelectric substrate warps in a cavity-facing region opposite a cavity, the light-receiving area of the light-receiving sections is greater than that in the case where there is no warp. It is thus possible to improve detection sensitivity of the pyroelectric element without making the size of the pyroelectric element larger than that in the case where there is no warp.

Abstract: A device and method which comprises a sensing surface on a membrane, solid surface or electrode, where the sensing surface contains a photo-voltage active material chosen in relation to a particular target substance to be detected and quantified. The photo-voltage active material is of a type which produces an interfacial photo-voltage electrical signal upon illumination. The particular photo-voltage active material chosen for a particular target substance is one in which the presence of the target substance causes a change in the electrical signal produced. The presence of the target substance modifies the expected photo-voltage produced by the sensing surface upon illumination. The photo-voltage produces signals which are detected by electronic circuits, and the presence and concentration of the target substance is determined by analyzing the difference between the photo-voltage of the target sample versus the photo-voltage of a control sample lacking the target substance.

Abstract: A thermopile sensor for detection of infrared radiation in a measurement wavelength range having a sensor substrate in which a cavity is formed, a diaphragm formed on the sensor substrate above the cavity, at least one thermopile structure formed in, on, or below the diaphragm, having at least one thermopile pair of mutually contacted thermopile legs, where the two thermopile legs are made of doped semiconductor materials having different Seebeck coefficients, and at least one insulating intermediate layer formed between the thermopile legs. A layer system having at least the two thermopile legs and at least the insulating intermediate layer is formed above the lower cavity and has multibeam interference for IR radiation in the measurement wavelength range, absorbing a portion of the IR radiation and at least partially reducing the reflection.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image forming section that forms an image on a recording material, a human detecting device that detects a person including an optical sensing unit that converts only an upward light of incident light to the optical sensing unit to an electric signal, and a controller unit that controls the image forming section based on the electric signal.

Abstract: The pyroelectric infrared detection element has a pyroelectric element including opposite first and second electrodes and an infrared absorption part. The first and second electrodes are formed on first and second thickness-direction surfaces of a pyroelectric substrate respectively. The detection element includes an output terminal unit including first and second output terminals on the substrate, and first and second wiring parts connecting the first and second output terminals to the first and second electrodes respectively. The first wiring part includes a connecting line being a conductive layer on the first surface to connect the first output terminal to the first electrode, and a canceling line for canceling charges generated at the connecting line in response to a change in temperature of the substrate. The canceling line is a conductive layer on the second surface to be insulated from the second electrode and to be connected to the connecting line.

Abstract: Provided is an infrared ray sensor that can conduct a plurality of different types of detection such as temperature detection and gas detection in a simple structure and that is small size and low cost. The infrared ray sensor (1) includes, on one base (10), a first infrared ray detection unit (31) including at least one infrared ray detection element (20) including an infrared ray detection material (22) with physical properties changing depending on properties of incident infrared rays and receives and detects ambient infrared rays, and a second infrared ray detection unit (32) including at least one infrared ray detection element (20) having an identical element structure to the infrared ray detection element of the first infrared ray detection unit (31), is irradiated with infrared rays X for measurement having specific physical properties, and detects a change in the physical properties of the infrared rays X for measurement.

Abstract: An infrared flame detector of the present invention has an infrared radiation receiving element accommodated in a package. In the infrared radiation receiving element, a set of two pyroelectric elements are arranged side by side and connected in anti-series on a pyroelectric element forming substrate. An infrared optical filter includes a filter forming substrate made of an infrared radiation transmitting material, a set of two narrowband transmission filter sections formed at positions respectively corresponding to positions of the pyroelectric elements on a first surface of the filter forming substrate and configured to transmit infrared radiation of a first selective wavelength and infrared radiation of a second selective wavelength, and a broadband blocking filter section formed on a second surface of the filter forming substrate and configured to absorb infrared radiation of a wavelength longer than an upper limit of an infrared reflection band.

Abstract: A human body sensing device being mounted on an object comprises: a first and second sensor being mounted on a vertical plane of the object and each having a pair of a positive and negative electrode; and a lens covering over the first and second sensors, wherein: the lens forms a sensing block in a sensing area constituting a plane perpendicular to the vertical plane, the sensing block including the positive and negative electrodes of the first sensor, and the positive and negative electrodes of the second sensor; either a first virtual line or an extended part thereof and either a second virtual line or an extended part thereof have a point of intersection in the sensing area; and the first and second virtual lines are symmetric with respect to a line perpendicular to the vertical plane of the object and passing through the point of intersection.