Abstract: A fingerprint sensing system is configured to receive an illumination beam which is reflected by a finger and then transmitted to the fingerprint sensing system to generate a fingerprint image. The fingerprint sensing system includes a plurality of microlenses, a sensor, a first light filter layer, and a second light filter layer. The microlenses are arranged in an array. The sensor has a plurality of sensing pixels arranged in an array. The first light filter layer is disposed between the microlenses and the sensor and has a plurality of first openings. The second light filter layer is disposed between the first light filter layer and the sensor and has a plurality of second openings. The illumination beam passes through the first openings or the second openings, so that the sensor receives the illumination beam.

Abstract: A method and system for estimating wax or hydrate deposits is desirable for the oil industry and important for assuring flow conditions and production, avoiding downtime, and reducing or preventing costly interventions. The method and system disclosed herein use artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques combined with oil well historical operational sensor data and historical operational event records (such as diesel hot flush, slick line, coil tubing, etc.) to build an oil well model. The method and system enable oil well practitioners to test and validate the built model and deploy the model online to estimate and/or detect wax or hydrate deposition status. By using one or more such models in operating an oil well, users can monitor and/or detect the status of wax of hydrate deposits in an oil well and can optimize production, maintenance, and planning for oil wells.

Abstract: A washing machine and a control method therefor are disclosed. The washing machine comprises: a sensor for emitting white light, which includes infrared (IR) light, at washing water and receiving, from the white light emitted at the washing water, visible light of a specific wavelength and infrared light of a specific wavelength, which are reflected by the washing water or penetrate the washing water; and a processor for determining turbidity and the color of the washing water on the basis of the intensity and patterns of the visible light and the infrared light of the specific wavelengths, which are received from the sensor, and controlling an operation of the washing machine on the basis of the turbidity and the color of the washing water.

Abstract: A photodetector array comprising at least one first sensor and at least one second sensor on the horizontal surface of the array substrate. The at least one first sensor is sensitive to radiation in a first wavelength range which comprises long-wavelength infrared wavelengths, and the at least one second sensor is sensitive to radiation in a second wavelength range which comprises wavelengths shorter than long-wavelength infrared. The array substrate comprises a vertical cavity on its horizontal surface, and the first sensor comprises a layer of pyroelectric material (65) which extends horizontally across the vertical cavity in the first area. A first part of a layer of two-dimensional layered material at least partly covers the layer of pyroelectric material (65), and a second part of the layer of two-dimensional layered material at least partly covers the foundation of the second sensor.

Abstract: An image sensing system includes an image sensor, a sensing controller, an additional unit, and a sensing parameter calculator. The image sensor includes a plurality of unit pixels and configured to generate raw image data indicative an image of an object from pixel signals from the plurality of unit pixels. The sensing controller is configured to control, based on a sensing parameter, a sensing condition of the image sensor for each set of the unit pixels. The parameter addition circuit is configured to obtain a parameter added data by adding the sensing parameter and the raw image data. The sensing parameter calculator is configured to calculate a distribution of pixel values for each set of the unit pixels, calculate an updated sensing parameter based on the distribution of pixel values, and transmit the updated sensing parameter to the sensing controller and the parameter addition circuit.

Abstract: State of the art food quality measurement techniques fail to determine quality of the food item once it is packed and sealed in an enclosed package. The disclosure herein generally relates to food quality prediction, and, more particularly, to a system and method for predicting liquid food quality in a non-invasive manner. A near infra-red (NIR) radiation is transmitted through a semi-transparent opening configured on an enclosed package containing a liquid food item and the resulting NIR reflection spectra is collected. The quality of the liquid food item is estimated by correlating a plurality of features derived from the NIR reflection spectra with the concentration of the biomarker contained in the liquid food item, using a trained machine learning model and the remaining shelf life of the liquid food item is estimated based on the concentration of the biomarker.

Abstract: The subject disclosure is directed towards a framework that is configured to allow different background-foreground segmentation modalities to contribute towards segmentation. In one aspect, pixels are processed based upon RGB background separation, chroma keying, IR background separation, current depth versus background depth and current depth versus threshold background depth modalities. Each modality may contribute as a factor that the framework combines to determine a probability as to whether a pixel is foreground or background. The probabilities are fed into a global segmentation framework to obtain a segmented image.

Abstract: A pulse wave detection device detects the face from a frame image and corrects the brightness of the face in accordance with the size of the face surface to appropriately detect a pulse wave even if brightness is changed due to movement of a subject with respect to lighting. The brightness of the face depends on the distance between the lighting and the face, and this is equal to indirect measurement of the distance from the lighting to the face using the size of the face. As described above, a pulse wave detecting device estimates/measures a pulse rate of the subject from a brightness signal after intensity of the brightness of the face photographed on the frame image is corrected using the size of the face, by using the correlation between the size of the face of the subject on the frame image and the brightness of the face.

Abstract: A live facial recognition method includes projecting a given pattern to a subject under recognition; capturing a reflected pattern of the subject under recognition; and detecting whether the subject under recognition is a flat surface according to the reflected pattern. The subject under recognition is determined to be a living subject when the subject under recognition is not a flat surface.

Abstract: A stacked imaging device includes a polarizer and a plurality of photoelectric conversion units that is stacked, and the polarizer and the plurality of photoelectric conversion units are stacked, with the polarizer being disposed closer to the light incident side than the plurality of photoelectric conversion units.

Abstract: The disclosure provides respective detection devices of a sensor array that detect infrared light and convert the infrared light into a DC component electrical signal.

Abstract: A semiconductor device may include a first sensor configured to sense light having a wavelength within a first wavelength range from incident light and generates a first electrical signal based on the sensed light and a second sensor configured to sense light having a wavelength within a second, different wavelength range from the incident light and generates a second electrical signal based on the sensed light. The first and second sensors may be electrically connected to each other via an intermediate connector, and the first sensor and the second sensor may share a pixel circuit that is electrically connected thereto via the intermediate connector. The first and second wavelength ranges may include infra-red and visible wavelength ranges, respectively. The first and second wavelength ranges may include different visible wavelength ranges.

Abstract: A modular multi-sensor fire detector (300) that has an evaluation unit and a plurality of sensor heads (100) which are arranged locally at a distance from the evaluation unit and are connected to the evaluation unit in a signal-conducting manner, wherein the evaluation unit (200) can be connected in a signal-conducting manner to an alarm signal receiving device (301) which is locally at a distance.

Abstract: Various techniques are provided for using one or more thermal infrared (IR) imaging modules to enhance the dynamic range of images. In one example, devices and methods provide a first IR imaging module that captures a first image, a second IR imaging module optimized for higher IR irradiance that captures a second image, and a processing system that detects saturated pixels of the first image, determines pixels of the second image corresponding to the saturated pixels of the first image, and generates a combined image based on non-saturated pixels of the first image and the pixels of the second image. The IR imaging modules may be a microbolometer focal plane array (FPA) configured for high-gain, and a microbolometer FPA configured for low-gain. The IR imaging modules may be a photon detector FPA and a microbolometer FPA.

Abstract: A semiconductor device may include a first sensor configured to sense light having a wavelength within a first wavelength range from incident light and generates a first electrical signal based on the sensed light and a second sensor configured to sense light having a wavelength within a second, different wavelength range from the incident light and generates a second electrical signal based on the sensed light. The first and second sensors may be electrically connected to each other via an intermediate connector, and the first sensor and the second sensor may share a pixel circuit that is electrically connected thereto via the intermediate connector. The first and second wavelength ranges may include infra-red and visible wavelength ranges, respectively. The first and second wavelength ranges may include different visible wavelength ranges.

Abstract: A system for detecting signal components of light induced by multiple excitation sources, which includes a flow channel having two spatially separated optical interrogation zones; a light illumination subsystem that directs each of two light beams of different wavelengths to a different zone of the optical interrogation zones; a detector subsystem that converts detected light into a total electrical signal having both modulated and unmodulated electrical signals; and a processor that determines signal components from the light detected from each of the optical interrogation zones.

Abstract: An imaging system includes a primary probe that includes a substrate; an ultrasound transducer disposed in the substrate to irradiate a first tissue with an ultrasound frequency; a first near infrared source to irradiate the first tissue with a first near infrared wavelength; and a first light detector to detect a first detected wavelength from the first tissue; an auxiliary probe that includes a second near infrared source configured to irradiate a second tissue with a second near infrared wavelength; and a second light detector configured to detect a second detected wavelength from the second tissue. The system also can include an optical tomography device; an ultrasound device; and a processor unit. A process for imaging includes disposing the primary probe on a first tissue, disposing an auxiliary probe on a second tissue, irradiating the first tissue, and irradiating the second tissue to produce an image of the first tissue.

Abstract: A face sensing module for a computing device includes a frame, a depth sensor, and an RGB camera. The frame includes first and second side portions and a cross portion. The depth sensor includes first and second infrared cameras, and an infrared light emitting unit. The first infrared camera is mounted on the first side portion. The second infrared camera is mounted on the second side portion. The infrared light emitting unit is mounted on the cross portion, with an infrared emitter and an infrared guide. Infrared light emitted is guided out. The RGB camera is mounted on the first side portion. The first and second infrared cameras and the RGB camera are optically aligned before being mounted together inside the housing of the computing device to ensure precise mountings and the durability of precise alignment notwithstanding handling by a user.

Abstract: A printing apparatus having a first power state and a second power state, which saves more power than the first power state, includes a detection unit configured to detect a temperature around the printing apparatus, a holding unit configured to hold background temperature data indicating the temperature around the printing apparatus, a control unit configured to, based on the background temperature data held in the holding unit and temperature data detected by the detection unit, shift the printing apparatus from the second power state to the first power state, and an update unit configured to update the background temperature data held in the holding unit.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to methods and systems for inspecting insulated equipment for any corrosion under insulation (CUI). The system includes a device comprising transmitter and receiver horn antennas, a vector network analyzer operatively connected to the antennas, and an infrared detector. In the method, a location for inspection of the equipment is identified. A metal jacket surrounding the location is removed without stripping the insulation. Microwaves are transmitted by the transmitted horn antenna at the location, and provide heating at the location. The microwaves are received by the receiver horn antenna after reflection off the equipment. The vector network analyzer analyzes the microwaves. The infrared detector detects infrared waves emitted from the location and develops an infrared image of the inner surface of the equipment. Based on the analysis of the microwaves and the developed image, a programmed processor determines whether CUI exists at the location.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for generating images of specimens is disclosed. The apparatus includes an imaging system, controller, and user interface. The imaging system generates a plurality of component images of a specimen, each component image corresponding to a different viewing condition. Each image is represented by an intensity as a function of location on the specimen. The controller stores the component images and generates a compound image from a plurality of the component images. The compound image includes a weighted sum of first and second ones of the component images, the controller displaying the compound image on a display controlled by the controller. The user interface is adapted to control a weighting factor used in generating the weighted sum in response to user input. The controller redisplays the compound image after the weighting factor is changed in response to user input.

Abstract: A film forming system includes a camera having a field of view in a region through which an edge of a film-formed workpiece rotated by a rotational stage and an edge of the film of the film-formed workpiece pass. Based on three or more images obtained by the camera during the rotation of the film-formed workpiece, widths between the edge of the film-formed workpiece and the edge of the film of the film-formed workpiece at circumferentially different locations are obtained. Based on the widths obtained by the first unit, a first positional deviation of a central position of the film of the film-formed workpiece with respect to a central position of the film-formed workpiece is obtained. By using the first positional deviation of the film-formed workpiece, a transfer position of a transfer modules transferring the workpiece to a film forming apparatus used for producing the film-formed workpiece is corrected.

Abstract: An image-capturing device includes an infrared light source configured to emit infrared light, and a solid-state image-capturing device including a plurality of first pixels configured to convert visible light into signal charge and a plurality of second pixels configured to convert infrared light into signal charge, the plurality of first pixels and the plurality of second pixels being arranged on a semiconductor substrate in a matrix. The solid-state image-capturing device outputs, during the same single frame scanning period, a first signal obtained from the plurality of first pixels, a second signal obtained from the plurality of second pixels during a period of time when the infrared light is emitted, and a third signal obtained from the plurality of second pixels during a period of time when the infrared light is not emitted.

Abstract: A method for calibrating a test light to simulate a fire includes measuring a baseline resistance induced in a sensor cell of a two-color detector in response to a controlled fire. The method includes monitoring a test resistance induced in the sensor cell in response to exposure to emissions from a test light and adjusting the emissions of the test light until the test resistance of the sensor cell equals the baseline resistance of the sensor cell to achieve a calibration setting for the test light. A test light for a detector includes a housing and a first LED within the housing having a first emission wavelength. A second LED is within the housing. The second LED has a second emission wavelength. The second emission wavelength is different than the first emission wavelength.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an optical system suitable for detecting muzzle flashes in a scene, the optical system comprising: a first optical module customized for detecting flashes at short range of the optical system by analyzing irradiance received on a first infrared sensor; a second optical module customized for detecting flashes at long range of the optical system by analyzing irradiance received on a second infrared sensor; wherein: the first and second optical modules are configured to share a common field of view and to operate independently of each other.

Abstract: An electronic device incorporates features that are dependent on finding a face by image processing of an image taken by an image capturing device. To avoid false positives and false negatives due to poor focus, exposure, or spoofing with a picture, the electronic device validates, by distance and/or temperature, a candidate face within a captured image. Distance information is used to scale the candidate face to an actual size for comparison against biometric data on a range of sizes of a human face. Detected temperature is compared against biometric data on the temperature of a human face sensed in the infrared spectrum. Confidence value for face detection is increased or decreased in relation to the validation by size/temperature. For a validated candidate having a confidence value above a threshold, the electronic device can adjust camera controls of an image capturing device or enable a face recognition security component.

Abstract: An optical spectrometer for use in a COOx analyzer includes a spectrometer housing having an optical fiber housing end, a light-receiving input slit positioned adjacent the optical fiber housing end, a light dispersing element mounted to but spaced from the optical fiber housing end and positioned within an optical path along which light travels from the light-receiving input slit. The light dispersing element receives the light transmitted through the input slit and separates the light into a plurality of light beams, a light-array detector capable of receiving the plurality of light beams and converting the plurality of light beams into the electrical signal, an achromatic lens positioned in the optical path to direct the light from the input slit to the light dispersing element and to direct the plurality of light beams reflected from the light dispersing element onto the light-array detector, and a thermal-compensating means for the spectrometer housing.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided for forming a model of a structure. Input data comprising a set of values for a set of attributes is received. The set of values for the set of attributes is matched to a number of texture decks in a plurality of texture decks. A texture deck in the plurality of texture decks is associated with a set of assigned attributes. Each assigned attribute in the set of assigned attributes is assigned at least one assigned value. A texture deck from the number of texture decks is selected as a final texture deck for use in forming the model of the structure.

Abstract: A compact optical spectrometer for measuring hemoglobin parameters in whole blood includes an enclosed spectrometer housing having a light entrance port, a light input slit disposed on one side of a circuit board substrate and positioned adjacent to and aligned with the light entrance port, a light-array detector disposed on the one side of the circuit board substrate adjacent the light input slit, a light dispersing element disposed downstream from the light input slit and an achromatic lens disposed between the light input slit and the light dispersing element to direct the light from the input slit to the light dispersing element and to direct the dispersed light from the light dispersing element to the light-array detector.

Abstract: Procedures and systems facilitate non-invasive, focused delivery of therapeutic energy to a target within or on a patient using, in various embodiments, a closed-loop approach such that feedback regarding anatomical movement and/or morphology changes is tracked and the uncertainty inherent in the measurements is addressed.

Abstract: An optical system for use with a multi-channel wide field imaging system, the optical system including an objective lens, a dichroic element to split light into a first wavelength range and a second wavelength range, the dichroic element positioned to receive near parallel chief rays from the objective lens, a first channel lens system to receive light of the first wavelength range from the dichroic element; and a second channel lens system to receive light of the second wavelength range from the dichroic element.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for real-time target recognition within a multispectral image includes generating radiance signatures from reflectance signatures, sensor information and environment information and detecting targets in the multispectral image with a sparsity-driven target recognition algorithm utilizing set of parameters tuned with a deep neural network.

Abstract: A space control system and a detection system are disclosed. The detection system is configured for distinguishing a moving living object, e.g. a human being, from a moving machine object in a space. The system comprises an imaging apparatus configured for producing a plurality of images over time of at least a part of the space. The images have a good spatial resolution. The system also comprises a processor configured for determining motion signals of the moving living object and the moving machine object from the plurality of images. The processor is configured to transform the motion signals to a frequency domain and distinguish in the frequency domain between motion signals related to moving living objects and motion signals related to the moving machine objects. Accordingly, the system is enabled to detect at least one of the living object and the machine object in the part of the space on the basis of the distinguished motion signals.

Abstract: A computationally implemented system and method that is designed to, but is not limited to: electronically conditioning one or more information signals accessed at least in part through one or more portions of a portable electronic device to be transmitted from one or more portable electronic device emitters through one or more modulated acoustic ultrasonic signals; and electronically governing for output of one or more beams of said one or more modulated acoustic ultrasonic signals for demodulation of said one or more modulated acoustic ultrasonic signals into one or more acoustic audio signals containing said one or more information signals at a first location spaced away from said portable electronic device and spaced away from a second location. In addition to the foregoing, other method aspects are described in the claims, drawings, and text forming a part of the present disclosure.

Abstract: Wide-angled incoherent millimeter or sub-millimeter electromagnetic waves from an extended active source are used to probe substrates and their protective coatings or outer layers, such as paint or thermal insulation. The incoherent waves provide dispersion and angular variation with respect to angular incidence to the substrate. Illumination of the substrate permits differentiation between un-corroded and corroded sections of the sample because reflectivity, emissivity and/or transmissivity from the substrate or protective coating various according to its homogeneousness. A detector/camera is arranged to identify and resolve differences in detected power within an observed frequency range of the area under test, with this contrast in power being relative to either adjacent areas or anticipated reference levels.

Abstract: A flame detecting system capable of easily performing a deterioration diagnosis of a flame sensor without being provided with a shutter mechanism. The flame detecting system comprising a flame sensor to detect light, a calculating device, and a reference light source, in which the calculating device, by operations of a central processing unit CPU, is configured to execute a first mode at which the discharge probability in the flame sensor is measured when the reference light source is turned off and a second mode at which the discharge probability in the flame sensor is measured when the reference light source is turned on, and calculate a current discharge probability of the flame sensor from data obtained at the first mode and the second mode.

Abstract: Incoherent millimeter wave, sub-millimeter wave and terahertz test signals are used to probe metal substrates covered by a protective coating or outer layer, such as paint or thermal insulation, obscuring direct assessment of the substrate. The incoherent test signals, provide signal dispersion and angular variation of the test signals with respect to angular incidence to the substrate. Illumination of the substrate permits differentiation between un-corroded and corroded sections of the sample because reflectivity (and emissivity) from a metal-based substrate is heavily dependent on the surface resistivity which is dependent on the corroded state. A detector/camera is arranged to pick up reflections from the substrate and an associated control system identifies regions of the sample that reflect the test signal illumination differently or otherwise indicate a variation from a reference value.

Abstract: A method comprising: capturing, by an electronic device, a first incident light sample and generating an image based on the first incident light sample; capturing, by the electronic device, a second incident light sample and identifying a light source type associated with the second incident light sample; and adjusting a white balance of the image according to the light source type.

Abstract: A motion sensing device includes an infrared radiation (IR) sensor configured receive signal IR from a warm object and background IR to produce a direct current output. A first transformation filter receives the direct current output and produces a filtered background. A second transformation filter receives the direct current output and produces a filtered signal. A rating compares the filtered signal and the filtered background to produce a result signal based on a detected difference between the filtered signal and the filtered background.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide processes, apparatuses, and systems for monitoring and/or controlling caustic concentrations in caustic scrubbers. In various aspects, the processes, apparatuses, and systems comprise a real-time online method for measuring the concentration of caustic in process scrubbers wherein a probe is coupled to a spectrometer; collecting absorption data with wavelength range from about 1000 to about 2000 nm. In a further aspect, this technique tracks the use and recharge of caustic in process scrubbers.

Abstract: Incoherent millimeter wave, sub-millimeter wave and terahertz test signals are used to probe metal substrates that are covered by a protective coating or outer layer, such as paint or thermal insulation, obscuring direct assessment of the substrate. The incoherent test signals, which may be from a naturally occurring passive source (such as the sky) and/or from an active noise source, provide signal dispersion and angular variation of the test signals with respect to angular incidence to the substrate. Illumination of the substrate permits differentiation between un-corroded and corroded sections of the sample because reflectivity (and emissivity) from a metal-based substrate is heavily dependent on the surface resistivity which in turn is dependent on the corroded state.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments of a flame detector and operating method. Optical energy is received at one or more optical sensors, and the detector processes the energy to determine whether the received energy is from a known remote test source. If so, the flame detector is operated in a test mode. If the processing indicates that the received optical energy is not a test signal, the flame detector is operated in a flame detection operating mode. The detector processing uses an artificial neural network in an exemplary embodiment in the flame detection operation mode.

Abstract: A solid-state imaging device includes a color filter unit disposed on a pixel array unit including pixels two-dimensionally arranged in a matrix and a conversion processing unit disposed on a substrate having the pixel array unit thereon. The color filter unit has a color arrangement in which a color serving as a primary component of a luminance signal is arranged in a checkerboard pattern and a plurality of colors serving as color information components are arranged in the other area of the checkerboard pattern. The conversion processing unit converts signals that are output from the pixels of the pixel array unit and that correspond to the color arrangement of the color filter unit into signals that correspond to a Bayer arrangement and outputs the converted signals.

Abstract: A system and method for the retrieval of mass density distributions or “profiles” for at least a portion of the Earth's atmosphere for one or more molecular constituent within the atmosphere that absorbs spectral energy. The spectral energy may be anywhere within wavelengths of radiation from UV through visible and into the infrared. The system incorporates a single ended instrument to permit continuous monitoring of the vertical profiles of all constituents of interest.

Abstract: An object detection apparatus mountable to a moveable apparatus for detecting an object existing outside the moveable apparatus by capturing a plurality of images using a plurality of imaging devices mounted to the moveable apparatus and generating a disparity image from the captured images includes a map generator to generate a map indicating a frequency profile of disparity values correlating a horizontal direction distance of the object with respect to a movement direction of the moveable apparatus, and a distance to the object in the movement direction of the moveable apparatus based on the disparity image, an isolated area detection unit to detect an isolated area based on the frequency profile, an isolated area divider to divide the isolated area into two or more isolated areas based on the frequency profile in the isolated area, and an object detector to detect an object based on the divided isolated area.

Abstract: A broadband mirror, polarizer, or other reflector includes at least one stack of microlayers. Microlayers in the stack are arranged into optical repeat units. At a design angle of incidence such as normal incidence, the stack provides a 1st order reflection band, a 2nd order reflection band, and optionally a 3rd order reflection band. The 2nd order reflection band overlaps, or substantially overlaps, the 1st and/or 3rd order reflection bands to form a single wide reflection band. The wide reflection band may include the 2nd and 1st but not a 3rd order reflection band, or the 2nd and 3rd but not the 1st order reflection band, or it may include the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd order reflection bands, as well as still higher order reflection bands. The wide reflection band may cover at least a portion of visible and infrared wavelengths.

Abstract: According to a color imaging element and an imaging device of the present invention, because one or more pixels of first filters corresponding to transparence are disposed within a pixel line of each direction of a first direction to a fourth direction of a color filter array, it is possible to acquire brightness information in a high frequency range with high precision and reduce occurrence of a false color (color moire), thereby obtaining image data with excellent resolution. Further, because one or more pixels of the first filters corresponding to transparence are disposed within the pixel line of each direction of the first direction to the fourth direction, it is possible to realize color filters with excellent optical sensitivity.

Abstract: A physical information acquisition method in which a corresponding wavelength region of visible light with at least one visible light detection unit coupled to an image signal processing unit is detected, each said visible light detection unit comprising a color filter adapted to transmit the corresponding wavelength region of visible light; a wavelength region of infrared light with at least one infrared light detection unit coupled to the image signal processing unit is detected; and, with the signal processing unit, a first signal received from the at least one visible light detection unit by subtracting a product from said first signal is corrected, said product resulting from multiplication of a second signal received from the at least one infrared light detection unit and a predetermined coefficient factor.

Abstract: A process for detecting oil or lubricant contamination in a manufactured product (C), preferably a cigarette (C), the process comprising adding a fluorescent taggant to oils or lubricants contained in processing machinery for said product (C), conveying (131) said product (C) past an infrared detection apparatus (140), irradiating said product (C) with infrared radiation from said detection apparatus (140) as it passes the detection apparatus (140), and detecting infrared radiation emitted from said irradiated product (C). The taggant can be in the form of a composition containing a Stokes-shifting taggant, which absorbs radiation at a first wavelength and emits radiation at a second wavelength, different from said first wavelength, dissolved or dispersed in an oil or lubricant.

Abstract: An imaging spectrometer, covering the visible through infrared wavelengths, which disperses the light by a plane diffraction grating behind a wedged optical element. This design uses an achromatic doublet lens with a reflective coating on its convex back surface to produce the spectra on a flat detector. Spatial keystone distortion and spectral smile are controlled to less than one tenth of a pixel over the full wavelength range, facilitating the use of simple retrieval algorithms.