Abstract: A photosensor testing apparatus can be used to test photosensors. A light module can produce simulating light that corresponds to scintillating light of a scintillator or a derivative of the scintillating light. A photosensor under test can produce an output that can be analyzed. A particular photosensor can be determined to have a higher quantum efficiency, a higher signal-to-noise ratio, or another performance criterion and selected for use in a radiation detection apparatus having the scintillator that can produce the scintillating light. The photosensor testing apparatus can provide a more accurate way of selecting a photosensor as compared to only analyzing an emission spectrum and data sheets and other information for the photosensors under consideration.

Abstract: Provided is a radiation detector including a scintillator which generates, when a radial ray enters, scintillation light having light intensity according to energy of the radial ray, and then supplies a photon of the scintillation light to each of a plurality of pixels, a radial ray detection unit which detects whether or not the radial ray is made to enter based on a number of the photons supplied in an exposure period whenever the plurality of pixels are exposed by the scintillation light over the exposure period, and an exposure period adjusting unit which adjusts the exposure period based on an incident frequency of the detected radial ray.

Abstract: A radiation detection apparatus can have optical coupling material capable of absorbing wavelengths of light within approximately 75 nm of a wavelength of scintillating light of a scintillation member of the radiation detection apparatus. In an embodiment, the optical coupling material can be disposed between a photosensor of the radiation detection apparatus and the scintillation member. In a particular embodiment, the composition of the optical coupling material can include a dye. In an illustrative embodiment, the dye can have a corresponding a* coordinate, a corresponding b* coordinate, and an L* coordinate greater than 0. In another embodiment, the optical coupling material can be disposed along substantially all of a side of the photosensor.

Abstract: An X-ray detector includes a light sensor configured to receive light energy from a scintillator receiving X-rays. The light sensor includes a grid of pixels having a light reception surface oriented toward the scintillator and configured to receive light from the scintillator. Each pixel includes a diode assembly, a control assembly and a capacitor assembly. The diode assembly is disposed on the light reception surface and is configured to produce electric charge responsive to light received by the diode assembly. The diode assembly includes plural diodes selectably configurable in plural combinations, wherein an amount of the electric charge produced by the diode assembly varies based on a selection of diode combination. The control assembly is operably connected to the diode assembly and configured to selectably configure the diodes. The capacitor assembly is operably connected to the diode assembly and configured to receive and store the electric charge from the diode assembly.

Abstract: A highly scalable platform for radiation measurement data collection with high precision time stamping and time measurements between the elements in the detection array uses IEEE 1588 with or without Synchronous Ethernet (timing over Ethernet) to synchronize the measurements. At a minimum, the system includes at least two radiation detector units, an IEEE 1588 and SyncE enabled Ethernet switch, and a computer for processing. The addition of timing over Ethernet and power over Ethernet (PoE) allows a radiation measurement system to operate with a single Ethernet cable, simplifying deployment of detectors using standardized technology with a multitude of configuration possibilities. This eliminates the need for an additional hardware for the timing measurements which simplifies the detection system, reduces the cost of the deployment, reduces the power consumption of the detection system and reduces the overall size of the system.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a microfabricated scintillation detector, comprising a channel structure (26) for containing a liquid scintillator material therein and flowing said liquid scintillator material therethrough. The channel structure (26) comprises first and second sets (30, 36) of adjacent channel portions (32, 38) arranged in first and second layers (34, 40) and in fluid communication with each other. The second set (36) of adjacent channel portions (38) is directed at right angles with respect to the first set (30) of adjacent channel portions (32). The first and second layers (34, 40) are stacked on top of each other with a separation layer (42) in between, integrally connecting said first and second layers (34, 40). The channel structure (26) simultaneously forms a light guiding structure for guiding scintillation light (52) towards a longitudinal end of the corresponding channel portion (32, 38).

Abstract: Apparatus for radiography is disclosed, which includes a scintillator having a first surface for being exposed to radiation and a second surface for emitting visible light in response, and an associated imaging system. The imaging system includes a plurality of scanning mirrors, each associated with a respective sub-region of the scintillator second surface, each scanning mirror being mounted and controlled so as to re-direct light from along a predetermined scan path within the respective sub-region towards a respective optical channel. A photodetector is associated with each scanning mirror and optical channel for receiving the re-directed light and generating an electrical signal representing light intensity. A processor receives the electrical signal from each photodetector and the corresponding position of each mirror to generate therefrom a reconstructed two-dimensional image.

Abstract: An imaging system (100) includes a set of detector modules (108) that detect gamma rays, which have energy in a range of 40 to 140 keV and 511 keV, emitted by a radioisotope in an examination region, wherein 511 keV gamma rays are detected in singles mode in which individual 511 keV gamma rays, and not coincidence pairs of 511 keV gamma rays, are detected, an energy discriminator (132) that bins detected gamma rays into a first energy bin corresponding to 511 keV energy gamma rays and a second energy bin corresponding to 40 to 140 keV energy gamma rays, and a reconstructor (126) that reconstructs the 511 keV energy gamma rays thereby generating a first image of a distribution of a first radionuclide and that reconstructs the gamma rays in the one or more ranges between 40 and 140 keV thereby generating a second image of a distribution of a second radionuclide.

Abstract: A radiation detection apparatus includes a selecting unit that allows a light having a light emission wavelength and a polarization direction to pass thorough the selecting unit, an optical system that forms an image of the light, a photon detecting unit that observes the image formed by the optical system, and detects the photon in whole range of the image, a counting unit that calculates the number of the alpha ray based on a result of counting the photon derived from the light emission of gas excited by the alpha ray, and is possible to sufficiently eliminate background light (noise light) even if background light is strong, and therefore observe weak light emission.

Abstract: An imaging apparatus (400) includes a detector array (412) with at least one detector tile (418). The detector tile includes a photosensor array (422) with a two dimensional array of individual photosensitive detector pixels (424) located within a non-photosensitive area (426) and readout electronics (432) coupled to the photosensor array. The readout electronics includes individual analog readout channel wells (602, 604) corresponding to the individual detector pixels, wherein an analog readout channel well electrically isolates analog electrical components therein from analog electrical components in other analog readout channel wells. Decoupling circuitry optionally is located in at least one of metal layers of the individual analog readout channels or in the individual analog readout channel wells.

Abstract: Scintillator arrays and methods of making scintillator arrays are provided. One scintillator array includes a scintillator substrate having a plurality of scintillators spaced apart by gaps within the scintillator substrate and a smoothing layer overlaying a surface of the scintillator substrate within the gaps. The smoothing layer includes an organically modified silicate. The scintillator array also includes an optical reflector layer overlaying a surface of the smoothing layer within the gaps.

Abstract: A scintillator element (114) comprising uncured scintillator material (112) is formed and optically cured to generate a cured scintillator element (122, 122?). The uncured scintillator material suitably combines at least a scintillator material powder and an uncured polymeric host. In a reel to reel process, a flexible array of optical detectors is transferred from a source reel (100) to a take-up reel (106) and the uncured scintillator material (112) is disposed on the flexible array and optically cured during said transfer. Such detector layers (31, 32, 33, 34, 35) are stackable to define a multi-layer computed tomography (CT) detector array (20). Detector element channels (50, 50?, 50?) include a preamplifier (52) and switching circuitry (54, 54?, 54?) having a first mode connecting the preamplifier with at least first detector array layers (31, 32) and a second mode connecting the preamplifier with at least second detector array layers (33, 34, 35).

Abstract: A scintillator has a two-dimensional array of a plurality of columnar crystals which converts radiation into light, and a covering portion covering the two-dimensional array. The covering portion includes connecting portions configured to partially connect the columnar crystals while partially forming cavities in gaps between the columnar crystals in the two-dimensional array.

Abstract: An x-ray detector assembly is disclosed that includes a mounting substrate having a plurality of electrical contacts, the mounting substrate comprising one of an integrated circuit and a circuit board. The x-ray detector assembly also includes a first electrode patterned on a first portion of a top surface of the mounting substrate, wherein the first electrode is electrically coupled to the plurality of electrical contacts. An organic photodiode layer is formed atop the first electrode and has a bottom surface electrically connected to the first electrode. A second electrode is coupled to a top surface of the organic photodiode layer and a scintillator is coupled to the second electrode.

Abstract: An X-ray detector is disclosed, in particular for a computed tomography system. In an embodiment, the X-ray detector includes a regular arrangement of measuring pixels for covering a measuring surface. A plurality of the measuring pixels of the regular arrangement are constructed as direct converting measuring pixels, and remaining ones of the measuring pixels are constructed as indirect converting measuring pixels.

Abstract: A radiation imaging apparatus includes a radiation image detection unit including a flexible substrate, photoelectric conversion elements arranged on the substrate, and a phosphor member disposed on an upper part of the substrate, a housing accommodating the radiation image detection unit, and a support member having the substrate disposed along a side surface for non-radiation transmission in the housing from a surface for radiation transmission in the housing.

Abstract: Some embodiments can comprise a tomographic imaging data acquisition method(s) and/or systems embodying the method(s). Some methods according to embodiments of the invention include simultaneously reading each photoconverter of a scintillation detector; reading the photoconverters at a frequency sufficient to obtain a plurality of digital sample measurements of a scintillation wave front; and recording the data read from each of the plurality of photoconverters as a function of time.

Abstract: A radiographic image capture device of the present invention includes: a radiation detection panel including a photoelectric conversion element that converts radiation into an electrical signal; a signal processing board that is disposed facing towards the radiation detection panel and that performs signal processing on electrical signals obtained by the radiation detection panel; a flexible substrate that includes wiring lines disposed on a base film provided between the radiation detection panel and the signal processing board and including a low wiring density region and a high wiring density region, and electronic component(s) that are electrically connected to the wiring lines; a reinforcement member that is provided at a low wiring density region and that raises the mechanical strength of the wiring lines.

Abstract: A slab detector for PET and/or SPECT imaging comprising a scintillation crystal slab and a plurality of photoconverters each in optical communication with a surface of the scintillation crystal. In some embodiments, the plurality of photoconverters define a two dimensional array, wherein each photoconverter abuts adjacent photoconverters. Furthermore, according to some embodiments a plurality of slab detectors can be juxtaposed with one another so that their slab crystals abut edgewise.

Abstract: An electronic cassette that is equipped with a drive mechanism capable of accommodating a radiation detection section respectively in two casings and that is capable of changing the surface area of the radiation detection section to be externally exposed and the exposure position on the radiation detection section. Deterioration of the radiation detection section from radiation can be distributed due to control such that the same exposure position is not repeatedly employed. An electronic cassette is accordingly provided that does not suffer from uneven effects of deterioration from radiation within a single sheet radiation detection section even with repeated use.

Abstract: A radiation imaging apparatus, comprising a sensor panel including a plurality of sensors arranged on a substrate and configured to detect light, and a scintillator placed over the sensor panel, wherein the scintillator having a concentric characteristics distribution having a center outside an outer edge of the scintillator.

Abstract: Described herein is a gamma camera imaging system in which a plurality of gamma cameras or multiheads are attacked at a front face thereof to the outer surface of a flexible substrate. The flexible substrate is capable of forming an inner concave surface which in use is arranged to fit over or around a body part to be analyzed.

Abstract: Methods and systems for signal communication in gamma ray detectors are provided. One gamma ray detector includes a scintillator block having a plurality of scintillator crystals and a plurality of light sensors coupled to the scintillator crystals and having a plurality of microcells. Each of the plurality of light sensors have a local summing point in each of a plurality of signal summing regions, wherein the local summing points are connected to the plurality of microcells. The plurality of light sensors also each include a main summing point connected to the plurality of local summing points, wherein the main summing point is located a same distance from each of the local summing points.

Abstract: An instrument for assaying radiation includes a flat panel detector having a first side opposed to a second side. A collimated aperture covers at least a portion of the first side of the flat panel detector. At least one of a display screen or a radiation shield may cover at least a portion of the second side of the flat panel detector.

Abstract: An x-ray imaging device include a scintillator layer configured to generate light from x-rays, a TFT detector array at the first surface of the scintillator layer to detect light generated in the scintillator, and a CMOS sensor at the second surface of the scintillator layer to detect light generated in the scintillator.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a radiation detection apparatus, includes a bonding step of bonding, on a support substrate, a sensor substrate including a photoelectric converter in which a plurality of photoelectric conversion elements are arranged, by using a bonding layer including a passage which exhausts a gas between the support substrate and the sensor substrate, and a formation step of forming a scintillator layer on the photoelectric converter after the bonding step. The bonding layer has a heat resistance by which bonding between the support substrate and the sensor substrate by the bonding layer is maintained in the formation step.

Abstract: A photodetector according to an embodiment includes: a photodetector element unit including a first cell array including a plurality of first cells arranged in an array and a second cell array including a plurality of second cells arranged in an array, each of the first and second cells including a photoelectric conversion element, the second cell array being arranged to be adjacent to the first cell array; a first pulse height analyzer unit analyzing a pulse height of an electrical signal outputted from the first cell array; a second pulse height analyzer unit analyzing a pulse height of an electrical signal outputted from the second cell array; and a signal processing unit determining non-uniformity of a distribution of photons entering the first and second cell arrays using an output signal of the first pulse height analyzer unit and an output signal of the second pulse height analyzer unit.

Abstract: Systems and methods for a positron emission tomography (PET) kit are described. A PET detector kit may include a gantry, a plurality of PET detector modules, and an event processing device. A PET detector module may include a housing, a crystal, a light detector, and a communication component. The housing may include at least one connective element configured to removably and adjustably couple the PET detector module to the gantry. The crystal may be located within the housing. The light detector may be configured to detect light emitted by the crystal. The communication component may be configured to communicate data from the at least one light detector to an event processing device. The event processing device may receive data from the plurality of PET detector modules and may cause the one or more processors to determine coincidence events based on the received data.

Abstract: A nuclear scanner includes an annular support structure (32) which supports a plurality of detector modules (30). Each detector module includes a cooling and mounting structure (34) to which a plurality of tiles (40) are mounted by passing pins (46-49) through holes (38) in the cooling and mounting structure (34) to position each tile and thermally connect each tile to the cooling and mounting structure (34). A tile mount (44) on the side of the tile that makes contact with the cooling and mounting structure has a smooth face to make contact with the cooling and mounting structure to provide good thermal contact between the tile (40) and the cooling and support structure (34).

Abstract: A radiation image-pickup device includes: a plurality of pixels configured to generate signal charge based on radiation; a first substrate including a transistor configured to read out the signal charge; a second substrate disposed to face the first substrate; a conversion layer provided between the first substrate and the second substrate, the conversion layer being provided for each of the pixels, and being configured to convert the radiation to other wavelength or an electric signal; a partition provided between the first substrate and the second substrate, to partition the conversion layer for each of the pixels; and a radiation shielding layer provided to face the partition.

Abstract: An x-ray imaging device may include a detector array and an x-ray converting layer coupled to the detector array. The detector array and the x-ray converting layer may be configured such that x-rays traverse the detector array before propagating in the x-ray converting layer. The x-ray imaging device may also include a buildup layer behind the x-ray converting layer. The x-ray imaging device may be used as a “universal” imager for both MV and kV imaging.

Abstract: There is a problem that in an image sensor including an amplifier in each pixel, when a thin-film semiconductor is used as a transistor constituting the amplifier, voltage continues to be applied between source and gate of the transistor and thereby a threshold voltage value of the transistor varies, resulting in a variation of signal voltage. To solve the problem, a thin-film transistor formed with an oxide semiconductor is used as the transistor constituting the amplifier, and during a period other than a period of outputting an output of the amplifier, source potential of the transistor is controlled to be equal to drain potential thereof.

Abstract: A detector module configured to be included in an array of a plurality of detector modules that form a radiation detector is provided. The detector module includes a light emitting element configured to emit fluorescence upon receiving radiation, a light receiving element configured to convert the fluorescence into an electrical signal, and at least one support member located on a side opposite from said light emitting element, said at least one support member configured to support a light shielding member which covers a gap formed between adjacent detector modules in the array.

Abstract: A neutron detector circuit for a neutron detector is disclosed that includes a scintillator having a plurality of wavelength shifting optical fibers. A first detection circuit is connected with a first PMT output that is configured to generate a first detection circuit output in response to a first neutron event. A second detection circuit is connected with a second PMT output that is configured to generate a second detection circuit output in response to a second neutron event. A coincidence detection circuit is included that has inputs connected with the first and second detection circuit outputs that is configured to generate a neutron event count output pulse in response to coincident signals being received by the coincidence detection circuit from the first and second detection circuit outputs.

Abstract: A radiation imager including: a detector block including at least one detector configured to emit an optical signal from incident radiation to be imaged; a reading block that converts the optical signal into an electrical signal, including a plurality of photodetectors; a plurality of resin portions between the detector block and the photodetectors, in contact with the detector block and in contact with the photodetectors, the resin portions being separated by air, the resin portions including at least a part with cross-section increasing from the detector block to the reading block.

Abstract: An image pickup panel (1) includes: photodetection sections (10) each including a photodetector (11-1) and a receiver (11-2) which are integrally molded and having solder bumps (12) formed thereon, the photodetector converting received light into a current signal, the. receiver converting the current signal into a voltage signal; and a wiring layer (20) including a wiring pattern installed therein and allowing the photodetection sections to be mounted thereon for respective pixels by the solder bumps, the wiring pattern being connected to the photodetection sections.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for detecting an isotope. Embodiments can detect radioactive isotopes. Embodiments can utilize a detector that incorporates at least two sub-detectors. Each sub-detector can receive energy from an isotope and create a signal corresponding to the received energy. Each sub-detector can incorporate a detector element, such as a detector element incorporating one or more diodes, a detector element incorporating a crystal, a detector element incorporating a solid-state device, or a detector element incorporating a scintillator. The sub-detectors can be configured such that for each isotope to be detected at least two of the sub-detectors produce different output signals, or readings. In an embodiment, each sub-detector is configured such that when there are at least two sub-detectors exposed to the isotope each of the corresponding readings from the sub-detectors is different from each of the other readings.

Abstract: A radiation imaging apparatus, comprising a sensor array in which a plurality of sensors are arrayed, and scintillators arranged in a plurality of regions divided by members on the sensor array, wherein a relationship P2<P1 is satisfied, where P1 represents a pitch of the plurality of sensors in the sensor array and P2 represents a distance between centers of two adjacent ones of the members, which sandwich one of the plurality of regions therebetween.

Abstract: An imaging device capable of obtaining image data with a small amount of X-ray irradiation is provided. The imaging device obtains an image using X-rays and includes a scintillator and a plurality of pixel circuits arranged in a matrix and overlapping with the scintillator. The use of a transistor with an extremely small off-state current in the pixel circuits enables leakage of electrical charges from a charge accumulation portion to be reduced as much as possible, and an accumulation operation to be performed substantially at the same time in all of the pixel circuits. The accumulation operation is synchronized with X-ray irradiation, so that the amount of X-ray irradiation can be reduced.

Abstract: A PET or SPECT radiation detector module (50) includes an array of detectors (54, 58) and their associated processing circuitry are connected by a flexible cable having releasable connectors. A method of mounting and dismounting includes mounting a radiation detector array in a support structure in a diagnostic scanner, connecting one end of a flexible connector to the detector array, and connecting the other end of the flexible connector to its associated circuitry.

Abstract: A radiation image conversion panel which can improve its optical output and resolution is provided. A radiation image conversion panel 1 comprises a FOP 2, a heat-resistant resin layer 3 formed on a main face 2a of the FOP 2, and a scintillator 4 formed by vapor deposition on a main face 3a of the heat-resistant layer 3 on a side opposite from the FOP 2 and made of a columnar crystal. In this radiation image conversion panel 1, the main face 3a of the heat-resistant resin layer 3 has a surface energy of at least 20 [mN/m] but less than 35 [mN/m]. This can make the crystallinity of the root part of the scintillator 4 favorable, so as to inhibit the root part of the scintillator 4 from becoming harder to transmit and easier to scatter the output light.

Abstract: A scintillator pixel array can include a plurality of scintillator pixels and a plurality of voids arranged in a checkerboard pattern. Each void can be defined by at least two surfaces having an adhesive disposed thereon. The scintillator pixel array can be made by fabricating an array of scintillator members and dissolvable members and dissolving the dissolvable members in a solvent.

Abstract: The present invention provides a radiation detecting element and a radiographic imaging device that may reliably detect radiation even when a region where radiation is irradiated is set narrowly. Namely, in the radiation detecting element and the radiographic imaging device of the present invention, plural pixels including radiographic imaging pixels and plural radiation detection pixels are disposed in a matrix in a detection region that detects radiation.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide a radiation detector, comprising a convertor comprising an inorganic scintillator for absorbing incident neutrons and outputting photons, a light collecting body arranged in relation to a wavelength shifting fibre for receiving photons from the convertor and directing the photons to the wavelength shifting fibre, and one or more photo-detectors arranged to receive photons from the wavelength shifting fibre and output electrical signals in response thereto.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a detector tile, a detector panel arrangement, an X-ray detector, an X-ray imaging system, and a method for providing a detector tile for a seamless detector surface with a continuous pixel array. In order to build a large area detector with reduced gap appearance, a detector tile (30) is provided having a flat primary substrate (32) and a surface layer (34) with a circuitry arrangement (36). The surface layer is arranged on a front side (38) of the primary substrate covering the primary substrate. The circuitry arrangement comprises a number of detector pixels (40) providing a pixel array (42), wherein at least one connection opening (44) is provided in the surface layer and the flat primary substrate at least at one edge of the detector tile, which connection opening is leading from the surface layer to the rear of the substrate for guiding electrical connection elements between the front side and the rear of the detector tiles.

Abstract: A detector is provided. A plurality of scintillation crystals is provided, where each scintillation crystal has a width, and wherein a first plurality of scintillation crystals is placed adjacent to each other so that first surfaces of the first plurality of scintillation crystals form a first rectangular surface. A reflective coating is formed over the first rectangular surface with an open region grid pattern, wherein each open region forms a space wherein each space has a width equal to the width of a scintillation crystal of the plurality of crystals. A plurality of photodetectors is provided, wherein each photodetector is placed over a space, wherein the photodetector has a width greater than the width of the space over which the photodetector is placed. At least one electronic readout is electrically connected to the plurality of photodetectors.

Abstract: Scintillator compositions are provided which include a solvent or matrix containing a fluorophore having the formula (I) and/or a fluorophore having the formula (II), wherein R1 and R2, being identical or different, are independently chosen from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, alkyl which optionally contains one or more heteroatoms, alkoxy, aryl and alkyne with an aryl end group; R3 is chosen from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl which optionally contains one or more heteroatoms, aryl, heterocycle, ether and ester; R4 and R5, being identical or different, are independently chosen from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl which optionally contains one or more heteroatoms, aryl, heterocycle, ether and ester, whereby the R4 and R5 groups are optionally combined to one cyclic structure; and R6, if present, is chosen from the group consisting of hydrogen, aryl and alkyl.

Abstract: A radiation detector module 10A includes a scintillator for converting radiation made incident from a predetermined direction to light, a two-dimensional PD array 12 for receiving light from the scintillator, a connection substrate 13 formed by stacking dielectric layers 130a to 130f, and mounted with the two-dimensional PD array 12 on one substrate surface thereof, and an integrated circuit device 14 mounted on the other substrate surface of the connection substrate 13, and for reading out electrical signals output from the two-dimensional PD array 12. The integrated circuit device 14 has a plurality of unit circuit regions 14b separated from each other. The connection substrate 13 has a plurality of through conductors 20 and a plurality of radiation shielding films 21a to 23a formed integrally with each of the plurality of through conductors 20 and separated from each other. Accordingly, the readout circuits of the integrated circuit device can be protected from radiation with a simple configuration.

Abstract: The invention disclosed herein relates to a scintillation detector for registering the position of gamma photon interactions, an comprises an array of two or more elongated first and second scintillation crystal elements connected together along their respective long sides, and an array of discrete photosensitive areas disposed on a common substrate of a solid-state semiconductor photo-detector. The array of first and second scintillation crystal elements have proximal output windows optically coupled to the array of discrete photosensitive areas in a one-to-one relationship. The invention may be characterized in that the first and second scintillation crystal elements include a rooftop portion at their distal ends, wherein the rooftop portion optically couples one of the first and second scintillation crystal elements to the other and is configured to reflect and transmit light resulting from a gamma photon interaction from one of the first and second scintillation crystal elements to the other.

Abstract: Improved imaging systems are disclosed. More particularly, the present disclosure provides for an improved image sensor assembly for an imaging system, the image sensor assembly having an integrated photodetector array and its associated data acquisition electronics fabricated on the same substrate. By integrating the electronics on the same substrate as the photodetector array, this thereby reduces fabrications costs, and reduces interconnect complexity. Since both the photodiode contacts and the associated electronics are on the same substrate/plane, this thereby substantially eliminates certain expensive/time-consuming processing techniques. Moreover, the co-location of the electronics next to or proximal to the photodetector array provides for a much finer resolution detector assembly since the interconnect bottleneck between the electronics and the photodetector array is substantially eliminated/reduced.