Abstract: An aqueous concentrate useful for treating boiler waters to scavenge oxygen therefrom which contains at least 0.3% by weight of either gallic acid or propyl gallate. This aqueous concentrate has a pH adjusted to at least 8.5 by a water-soluble neutralizing amine of the type used to treat boiler waters. Additionally, a method for treating boiler waters with an oxygen scavenger.

Abstract: A method for inhibiting corrosion due to dissolved oxygen wherein trihydroxybenzene compounds, alone or in combination with conventional oxygen scavengers, preferably hydroquinone, are added to boiler water to prevent corrosion by reducing dissolved oxygen levels in boiler feedwater.

Abstract: An oxygen scavenger for boiler water includes ascorbic acid neutralized with diethylaminoethanol. The diethylaminoethanol provides condensate treatment for the long and short steam lines and improves the scavenging of the ascorbic acid.

Abstract: An all in one boiler water treatment composition includes an oxygen scavenging system, an alkalinity control agent such as sodium carbonate, diethylaminoethanol as a condensate treatment, a polymer system including polymethacrylate or polyacrylate and polymaleic acid along with an oxygen scavenging system. The oxygen scavenging system includes the diethylaminoethanol, a polyhydroxy acid and a sulfite.

Abstract: When an aqueous system containing dissolved oxygen and erythorbate or ascorbate is passed through an activated carbon bed, the oxygen is removed at ambient temperatures. This method of oxygen removal finds practical application in the removal of oxygen from boiler condensate, low temperature boiler feedwater and oil well injection water or brine.

Abstract: The deposition of metal-containing scale, such as iron silicate scale, from a hot aqueous geothermal brine, or the like, is controlled by blending into the brine sufficient reducing agent effective for reducing trivalent iron and manganese cations in a high temperature brine solution to divalent ions to cause an overall decrease in scale deposition, especially of iron silicate scale. Preferably, from 2 to 7 times the stoichiometric amount of reducing agent is used to effect a 70 to 90 percent reduction in the formation of iron silicate scale.

Abstract: Acid compositions with high concentrations of active ingredients intended for the treatment of industrial or domestic waters and for cleaning the corresponding industrial or sanitary installations, comprising carboxylic polymer materials, a strong acid, possibly a salt of a divalent metal and possibly known specific agents, which comprise:(a) from 10 to 60% by weight expressed in anhydrous form of a water-soluble carboxylic polymer in its acid form containing at least 5% by weight and preferably at least 10% by weight of itaconic acid,(b) from 10 to 80% by weight expressed in anhydrous form of at least one strong acid,(c) from 0 to 15% by weight expressed in anhydrous form of zinc in the form of Zn.sup.2+ ions,(d) from 0.1 to 10% by weight expressed in anhydrous form of specific agents,(e) from 5 to 65% by weight of water.

Abstract: A method of applying a descaling reagent comprising a one-electron reducing agent which is a low oxidation state transition metal ion in combination with a complexing agent to a surface to be treated to descale the surface which method comprises:(i) maintaining a low oxidation state transition metal ion either in solution under an inert atmosphere in a container made of or lined with an inert material or as a solid salt under an inert atmosphere;(ii) preparing a solution of the complexing agent and removing oxygen therefrom; and(iii) mixing the ingredients from steps (i) and (ii) either in situ in contact with the surface to be treated, or mixing the ingredients from steps (i) and (ii) prior to application to the surface to be treated under conditions whereby no substantial decomposition of the so-formed reagent occurs.

Abstract: A process for producing a solid, cold-water soluble, sulfate containing aluminum chloride composition suitable for use as a waste water clarifying agent comprising introducing alkali aluminate, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid and hydrated aluminum oxide into a spray drier and recovering the resulting solid product.

Abstract: A method of inhibiting corrosion due to dissolved oxygen is disclosed, whereby chelant-stabilized sodium erythorbate, alone or in combination with conventional corrosion inhibitors, is added to boiler water to prevent corrosion by reducing dissolved oxygen levels in boiler feedwater.

Abstract: A composition containing a hydroxylamine compound; a quinone, a dihydroxybenzene, a diaminobenzene, or an aminohydroxybenzene compound; and a neutralizing amine is an excellent oxygen scavenger and corrosion inhibitor in boiler water and other aqueous systems.

Abstract: Stable oxygen scavenger compositions adapted for storage without resulting in substantial sludge formation and oxygen scavenging methods of using the compositions are disclosed. The compositions comprise hydroquinone, a compatible amine termed a mu-amine, and a member selected from the group consisting of isoascorbic acid and ascorbic acid and water soluble salt forms thereof. Methods comprise adding from about 0.05-200 ppm hydroquinone, 0.001-400 ppm mu-amine, and about 0.00025-500 ppm of isoascorbic or ascorbic acid to the desired aqueous medium.

Abstract: An improved oxygen scavenger for aqueous mediums is disclosed which comprises hydrazine-free solution of hydroquinone and mu-amine.

Abstract: An oxygen-scavenging and corrosion-inhibiting agent for fluidic systems comprising an aminoguanidine compound selected from the formula: ##STR1## or a salt thereof, wherein R is selected from H or a lower alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; wherein X is selected from NH or NNH.sub.2 ; and Y is selected from --NH.sub.2 or --NHNH.sub.2.

Abstract: An acidic glass cleaning composition for removal of residue, deposits and impurities from glassware is provided, the improved acidic glass cleaning composition comprising from about 1 to about 15 weight percent hydrofluoric acid and from about 85 to about 99 weight percent of an aqueous acidic composition having a pH value of less than about 1.

Abstract: A composition for use in treating surfaces susceptible of oxidation is disclosed herein which comprises the combination of a particulate abrasive material and a particulate, ascorbic-type reducing compound. A variety of percentages of the abrasive and reducing compounds may be employed, and the consistency of the abrasive material may be varied in accordance with the application for which the composition is intended. Also disclosed herein is a kit which includes a container of the described composition. A method for treating an oxidizable surface by use of a composition as described is also disclosed herein.

Abstract: An aqueous acidizer composition and method of utilizing same in the removal of scale from fresh water production equipment such as desalinators or evaporators (watermakers) and distillation units as well as heat exchangers and boilers. The composition contains a blend of three acids of varying strengths carefully selected to provide a timed release effect. The acids which are employed include hydrochloric acid, dichloroacetic acid and acetic acid. The composition further contains a surfactant such as isopropyl alcohol which provides surfactant properties and also reacts with the acids, resulting in multiple equilibria in which the corresponding esters are formed. The composition also includes an acid-base indicator such as methyl orange to signify neutralization of the acidizer during use in scale removal. The present composition is particularly effective in removal of phosphate and carbonate scale as well as some sulfate scale. Other deposits containing basic anions are also removed.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a composition which includes an anionic fatty alcohol metal sulfate surfactant, a nonionic substituted poly (ethylene oxide) surfactant, an ethanolamine, zinc and hydroxyacetic acid. A method for removing scale from a surface is taught.

Abstract: An improved method for scavenging dissolved oxygen from alkaline waters which comprises treating said waters with at least 10 ppm of methylene blue in its reduced or leuco base form.

Abstract: An improved oxygen scavenger for aqueous mediums is disclosed which comprises hydrazine-free solution of hydroquinone and mu-amine. Representative examples of mu-amines include: aminomethylpropanol, triethylenetetramine, diisopropanolamine, secbutylamine, monoisopropanolamine, ethylenediamine, dimethylaminopropylamine, monoethanolamine, dimethyl(iso)propanolamine, methoxypropylamine, and diethylaminoethanol.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for reducing the oxygen content of water using a hydrazine-free aqueous solution of hydroquinone.

Abstract: An improved oxygen scavenger for aqueous mediums is disclosed which comprises hydrazine-free solution of hydroquinone and mu-amine.

Abstract: A method for boiler water treatment to retard corrosion due to dissolved oxygen. Hydroquinone and certain related compounds are highly effective oxygen scavengers for use in boiler water and thereby effect reduction of corrosion resulting from dissolved oxygen.

Abstract: The application is concerned with a process for the manufacture of an aqueous iron (III)-chloride-sulfate solution by the oxidation of iron (II) sulfate with chlorine in aqueous solution.

Abstract: An improved dithionite composition suitable for preparing stock solutions comprising a dithionite, e.g., sodium dithionite, and at least 5% by weight of a water-soluble sulphite, e.g., sodium sulphite. The composition may further contain a metal-complexing agent, an activator for the dithionite, a surface-active agent and a thickening agent. The composition is applicable for the removal of metal dust soiling and metal oxide stains, particularly rust stains, from surfaces.

Abstract: A method of stabilizing aqueous solutions containing alkali metal sulfite or bisulfite and a catalyst therefor by incorporating in said solutions a stabilizing amount of triethylene tetramine. The catalyzed sulfites which are of primary concern in the present instance are those which are used to inhibit or control oxygen corrosion in water treatment, particularly boiler water treatment.

Abstract: The rapid removal of dissolved oxygen from aqueous solutions is accomplished by the use of a composition comprised of a mixture of an aqueous solution of hydrazine and a catalytic proportion of an aryl amine compound. The compositions of this invention are particularly useful in the removal of dissolved oxygen from aqueous solutions such as boiler water, thereby inhibiting corrosion of the metal surfaces of the boiler.

Abstract: A process of reclaiming drinking and industrial water from sea water, accing to which the sea water to be processed is subjected to a pretreatment, comprising filtering, acidifying and degassing said sea water. To the thus treated sea water there is then added in suspension finely divided barium sulphate to provide nuclei for the crystal growth of calcium sulphate on the barium sulphate. The thus obtained suspension is then in a continuous process heated and partly evaporated, during which process, temperatures of supersaturation, with respect to calcium sulphate are reached, the water which is evaporated being collected as condensate and distillate.

Abstract: A scale inhibitor composition comprising Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3, reducing agent, refractory or clay, SiO.sub.2 and water glass, and a method of inhibiting the formation of scale on the surfaces of metal substrates to be heated in high temperature atmosphere by application of a coating of the scale inhibitor composition either on the metal surface, or on a subbing layer of a parting agent previously applied on the metal surfaces are disclosed, wherein improvements are effected particularly in both yield and prevention of surface scars.

Abstract: A corrosion and scale inhibiting composition and process useful in recirculating cooling water systems consisting essentially of the following components calculated as weight percent:Alkoxylated polyol phosphate ester 30 to 50% ZnCl.sub.