Abstract: A pretreatment composition and pretreatment process utilizing the composition is described. The pretreatment composition includes an aqueous organic solvent in combination with an alkaline component and an oxidizing agent. The pretreatment composition is useful for treating biomass as may be utilized in forming biofuel, paper, or other useful products. The biomass to be treated can include cellulosic biomass, lignocellulosic biomass, or a combination thereof.

Abstract: A bleaching composition comprising a peroxy compound and one or more activator present in an effective amount to activate the peroxy compound, present in an amount effective to accomplish bleaching or cleaning or oxidation. The activator is a metallocarbene of the general structure (XX?C)yMLn? where M represents a metal center, C represents the carbene carbon bound to the metal center, X and X? may be the same or different and may furthermore be part of a cyclic structure, Ln? represents one or more other ligands which may or may not include one or more metal centers, and where y?1.

Abstract: A reduced weight DF-200 decontamination formulation that is stable under high temperature storage conditions. The formulation can be pre-packed as an all-dry (i.e., no water) or nearly-dry (i.e., minimal water) three-part kit, with make-up water (the fourth part) being added later in the field at the point of use.

Abstract: The present invention concerns bleaching of substrates with an aqueous solution of a water soluble salt of a preformed transition metal catalyst together with hydrogen peroxide.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for the generation of a peroxyacetic acid sanitizer in proximity to the point-of-use are disclosed. These methods comprise introducing a hydrogen peroxide-acetyl precursor solution to water, mixing, and then adding an aqueous source of a alkali metal or earth alkali metal hydroxide. Triacetin is a preferred acetyl precursor and is converted rapidly and with a high conversion rate into peracetic acid. These methods produce solutions with a high level of peracetic acid. Methods for preparing the hydrogen peroxide-acetyl precursor solution are also provided. Also disclosed are solid compositions comprising a liquid acetyl precursor, a water-soluble source of hydrogen peroxide, and a water-soluble source of alkalinity. The solid composition is a freely-flowable solid that is used as a bleaching agent and a stain remover for the treatment of articles such as fabrics, dentures, textile garments, and equipment used in the food and beverage industry.

Abstract: This invention relates to a dipping solution used in a process for producing a siliceous film. The present invention provides a dipping solution and a siliceous film-production process employing the solution. The dipping solution enables to form a homogeneous siliceous film even in concave portions of a substrate having concave portions and convex portions. The substrate is coated with a polysilazane composition, and then dipped in the solution before fire. The dipping solution comprises hydrogen peroxide, a foam-deposit inhibitor, and a solvent.

Abstract: An aqueous solution of a water soluble salt of a preformed transition metal catalyst together with hydrogen peroxide is disclosed. The composition is useful in bleaching a variety of substrates.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of a composition comprising specific a-amino-ketones, H2O2, a H2O2 precursor or a peracid and optionally an activator as a bleaching mixture for textile materials or dishes either manually or in an automatic washing machine or dish washer. Further aspects of the invention are the composition comprising specific a-aminoketones and H2O2, a H2O2 precursor or a peracid and a process for bleaching of stains or of soiling on textile materials or dishes in the context of a washing process either manually or in an automatic washing machine or dish washer. Also aspects of the invention are detergent formulations comprising such a composition and novel compounds.

Abstract: A bleaching composition comprising a peroxy compound and one or more activator present in an effective amount to activate the peroxy compound, present in an amount effective to accomplish bleaching or cleaning or oxidation. The activator is a metallocarbene of the general structure (XX?C)yMLn? where M represents a metal center, C represents the carbene carbon bound to the metal center, X and X? may be the same or different and may furthermore be part of a cyclic structure, Ln? represents one or more other ligands which may or may not include one or more metal centers, and where y>1.

Abstract: The present invention relates to medium chain peroxycarboxylic acid compositions of neutral or alkaline pH, to methods of making these compositions, and to methods employing these compositions. The methods include methods of cleaning. The compositions include cleaning compositions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to medium chain peroxycarboxylic acid compositions of neutral or alkaline pH, to methods of making these compositions, and to methods employing these compositions. The methods include methods of cleaning. The compositions include cleaning compositions.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a process for making a co-particle containing a hydrogen-peroxide bleaching system comprising the steps of contacting a hydrogen peroxide source with a binder to form a coated particle and contacting the coated particle with a coating powder to form a co-particle. Compositions containing the co-particle are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a liquid bleaching agent composition containing (a) hydrogen peroxide, (b1) a nonionic surfactant, (b2) an anionic surfactant, (c) a bleaching activator, (d) at least one compound selected from boric acid, borax and a borate, and (e) a compound having one or more groups in which a hydroxyl group is present on each of the adjacent carbon atoms to each other, wherein the respective contents of component (b1), component (b2) and the mass ratio of component (b2) to component (b1) are all within a specific range and the composition has pH 2.5-4.5 at 20° C.

Abstract: A composition and method for simultaneously lightening and coloring hair. The composition generally consists of three components, specifically, a bleaching composition, an oxidizing composition and a dyeing composition. The composition preferably lightens hair color by a plurality of levels and simultaneously deposits tones that are attractive and long lasting. In a preferred embodiment, the bleaching composition is a powder composition based on silicate and/or carbonate salts and/or persulfate salts of ammonium, potassium or sodium. The persulfate bleaching composition can be ammonia-free, if desired. The oxidizing composition is preferably an anhydrous hydrogen peroxide solution, or another source of oxygen. The bleaching composition can be mixed with the oxidizing composition to form an anhydrous creme that is applied to the hair.

Abstract: Decontamination formulations with an additive for enhancing mold remediation. The formulations include a solubilizing agent (e.g., a cationic surfactant), a reactive compound (e.g., hydrogen peroxide), a carbonate or bicarbonate salt, a water-soluble bleaching activator (e.g., propylene glycol diacetate or glycerol diacetate), a mold remediation enhancer containing Fe or Mn, and water. The concentration of Fe2+ or Mn2+ ions in the aqueous mixture is in the range of about 0.0001% to about 0.001%. The enhanced formulations can be delivered, for example, as a foam, spray, liquid, fog, mist, or aerosol for neutralization of chemical compounds, and for killing certain biological compounds or agents and mold spores, on contaminated surfaces and materials.

Abstract: An enhanced formulation and method of making that neutralizes the adverse health effects of both chemical and biological compounds, especially chemical warfare (CW) and biological warfare (BW) agents, and toxic industrial chemicals. The enhanced formulation according to the present invention is non-toxic and non-corrosive and can be delivered by a variety of means and in different phases. The formulation provides solubilizing compounds that serve to effectively render the chemical and biological compounds, particularly CW and BW compounds, susceptible to attack, and at least one reactive compound that serves to attack (and detoxify or kill) the compound. The formulation includes at least one solubilizing agent, a reactive compound, a bleaching activator and water.

Abstract: Mechanical or Chemical pulp is treated with about 0.01 weight % to about 5 weight % of a Mixture. The Mixture is water; diethylenetriaminepentakis(methyl)phosphonic acid or its known salts; polyacrylic acid or its known salts; and optionally one or more inert compounds. This Mixture acts to either maintain the brightness level of the pulp at the target level or to increase the brightness level of the pulp. In addition the Mixture allows for maintaining the pulp at the target level of brightness even when the amounts of other ingredients, such as hydrogen peroxide, hydrosulfite, sodium silicate and magnesium, that are typically added to the pulp, are reduced.

Abstract: A decontamination formulation and method of making that neutralizes the adverse health effects of both chemical and biological compounds, especially chemical warfare (CW) and biological warfare (BW) agents, and toxic industrial chemicals. The formulation provides solubilizing compounds that serve to effectively render the chemical and biological compounds, particularly CW and BW compounds, susceptible to attack, and at least one reactive compound that serves to attack (and detoxify or kill) the compound. The formulation includes at least one solubilizing agent, a reactive compound, a bleaching activator, a sorbent additive, and water. The highly adsorbent, water-soluble sorbent additive (e.g., sorbitol or mannitol) is used to “dry out” one or more liquid ingredients, such as the liquid bleaching activator (e.g., propylene glycol diacetate or glycerol diacetate) and convert the activator into a dry, free-flowing powder that has an extended shelf life, and is more convenient to handle and mix in the field.

Abstract: A decontamination formulation and method of making that neutralizes the adverse health effects of both chemical and biological compounds, especially chemical warfare (CW) and biological warfare (BW) agents, and toxic industrial chemicals. The formulation provides solubilizing compounds that serve to effectively render the chemical and biological compounds, particularly CW and BW compounds, susceptible to attack, and at least one reactive compound that serves to attack (and detoxify or kill) the compound. The formulation includes at least one solubilizing agent, a reactive compound, a sorbent additive, and water. A highly adsorbent sorbent additive (e.g., amorphous silica, sorbitol, mannitol, etc.) is used to “dry out” one or more liquid ingredients into a dry, free-flowing powder that has an extended shelf life, and is more convenient to handle and mix in the field.

Abstract: Aqueous decontamination formulations that neutralize biological pathogens for disinfection and sterilization applications. Examples of suitable applications include disinfection of food processing equipment, disinfection of areas containing livestock, mold remediation, sterilization of medical instruments and direct disinfection of food surfaces, such as beef carcasses. The formulations include at least one reactive compound, bleaching activator, inorganic base, and water. The formulations can be packaged as a two-part kit system, and can have a pH value in the range of 7-8.

Abstract: The present invention provides improved methods and compositions for producing oocysts. The oocysts produced according to the invention find use in the manufacture of vaccines. In preferred embodiments, the present invention provides methods and compositions for the production of Eimeria oocysts. Vaccines containing Eimeria oocysts, sporocysts and/or sporozoites produced according to the present invention may be used to immunize birds against coccidiosis either in ovo or post hatch.

Abstract: Decontamination formulations for neutralization of toxic industrial chemicals, and methods of making and using same. The formulations are effective for neutralizing malathion, hydrogen cyanide, sodium cyanide, butyl isocyanate, carbon disulfide, phosgene gas, capsaicin in commercial pepper spray, chlorine gas, anhydrous ammonia gas; and may be effective at neutralizing hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, formaldehyde, ethylene oxide, methyl bromide, boron trichloride, fluorine, tetraethyl pyrophosphate, phosphorous trichloride, arsine, and tungsten hexafluoride.

Abstract: The use of compounds of the formula (1) M(L)nXm??(1) in which M is a metal atom from the group consisting of Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Mo and W, L is a ligand from the group consisting of the cyclic carboxamides (lactams), X is chloride, bromide, nitrate, perchlorate, citrate, hexafluorophosphate or anions of organic acids having C1–C22 carbon atoms and n is a number from 2 to 4 and m is a number from 0 to 4, as catalysts for peroxygen compounds, in particular in detergents, bleaches and cleaning agents, is claimed.

Abstract: Compositions comprising (i) at least one anionic associative polymer comprising at least one carboxylic acid group and at least one ester derived from a fatty alcohol and a carboxylic acid; (ii) at least one additional anionic associative polymer comprising at least one carboxylic acid group and at least one ester derived from an alkoxylated fatty alcohol and a carboxylic acid; and (iii) at least one oxidizing agent, and processes using the same for providing physical stability to an oxidizing composition, and in hair treatment compositions.

Abstract: A formulation and method of making and using that neutralizes the adverse health effects of both chemical and biological toxants, especially chemical warfare (CW) and biological warfare (BW) agents. The aqueous formulation is non-toxic and non-corrosive and can be delivered as a long-lasting foam, spray, or fog. The formulation includes solubilizing compounds that serve to effectively render the CW or BW toxant susceptible to attack, so that a nucleophillic agent can attack the compound via a hydrolysis or oxidation reaction. The formulation can kill up to 99.99999% of bacterial spores within one hour of exposure.

Abstract: The use of cyclic sugar ketones of the formula in which R1 and R2 are hydrogen, C1-C22-alkyl, C2-C22-alkenyl or phenyl, R3 is C1-C4-alkoxy, phenyl-CH2—O— or a group of the formula R4 is hydrogen or R3 and R4 together are a group of the formula and n is zero or 1, as catalysts for peroxygen compounds.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for pickling hot rolled, hot rolled & annealed, and cold rolled & annealed stainless steel strip in a continuous fashion. The process comprises a series of pre-pickling tanks and pickling tanks, and optionally includes a scrubber-brush tank, a de-smutting tank, a filtration unit and a heat exchanger.

Abstract: The pickling process of the present invention is designed for pickling electrical steel strip in a continuous fashion and comprises at least one pickling tank equipped with at least one set of sprayers designed to spray the top and bottom surfaces of a steel strip with a solution comprised of hydrogen peroxide prior to and/or after the strip is immersed in a solution contained in a pickling tank. The set(s) of sprayers in each of the pickling tanks are located above the level of the pickle bath solution, rather than being located in separate spray tanks. Upon exiting the final pickling tank, the strip is brushed/scrubbed to loosen any residual scale to form a clean strip.

Abstract: A bleaching composition that contains a bleaching agent and a chromotrophic radical scavenging compound, and a test method for identifying the presence of free radicals is disclosed. Such compositions offer improved stability.

Abstract: A formulation and method of making that neutralizes the adverse health effects of both chemical and biological compounds, especially chemical warfare (CW) and biological warfare (BW) agents. The formulation of the present invention non-toxic and non-corrosive and can be delivered by a variety of means and in different phases. The formulation provides solubilizing compounds that serve to effectively render the chemical and biological compounds, particularly CW and BW compounds, susceptible to attack and at least one reactive compound that serves to attack (and detoxify or kill) the compound. The at least one reactive compound can be an oxidizing compound, a nucleophilic compound or a mixture of both. The formulation can kill up to 99.99999% of bacterial spores within one hour of exposure.

Abstract: The invention refers to a method to delignify fibrous material comprising an aqueous suspension of fibers which has a consistency between 5%-40%, with a peroxy compound that is used in amounts between 0.

Abstract: A process for bleaching a surface, by applying to that surface an aqueous composition having a pH of 2 or less and comprises a mixture of (a) an aqueous composition comprising hydrogen peroxide or an organic peracid having a pH of greater than 2 but less than 7 and (b) an acidic composition wherein components (a) and (b) are mixed not more than two hours before being applied to the surface requiring bleaching. The organic acid of component (a) has the formula XC(O)OOH where X is hydrogen or CH3(CH2)n and n is 0 to 8. The acid composition (b) comprises hydrochloric, sulphamic, tartaric, phosphoric, oxalic, citric, salicylic or ascorbic acids.