Abstract: Liquid antiozonant mixtures obtained from the process comprising simultaneously reacting at least one unsubstituted and/or substituted paraphenylenediamine compound with a carbonyl compound mixture comprising acetone and at least one other carbonyl compound selected from the group consisting of ketones containing from 4 to about 12 carbon atoms, aldehydes containing from 1 to about 12 carbon atoms and mixtures thereof in the presence of a reductive alkylation catalyst is provided. Rubber compositions containing the liquid antiozonant mixtures is also provided.

Abstract: An electrical oil having reduced gassing tendency includes a major amount of a paraffinic or naphthenic basestock and a blend of certain hindered phenols, especially a blend of 2,6-di-t-butyl phenol and 2,6-di-t-butyl cresol. A further enhanced gassing tendency can be provided to the electrical oil by including a tolyltriazole derivative.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for inhibiting the premature polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers comprising adding to said monomers a polymerization inhibiting amount of a mixture comprising A) a first inhibitor comprising 4-amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyloxy, wherein said amino group is a primary, secondary, or tertiary amino group; and B) at least one other inhibitor having the structural formula: wherein: R1 and R4 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, and heteroatom-substituted alkyl; R2 and R3 are independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl and heteroatom-substituted alkyl; X1 and X2 (1) are independently selected alkyl groups of 1 to 15 carbon atoms or (2) taken together, form a ring structure with the nitrogen.

Abstract: A treatment for pigments is provided. This treatment, which uses certain organosulfonic compounds, imparts improved physical and chemical qualities including lacing resistance, improved dispersion and decreased chemical reactivity when these treated pigments are incorporated into polymeric matrices. The addition of organosulfonic compounds may flexibly be incorporated into known processes at varying points, and are preferably added downstream of any filtering steps.

Abstract: Stablizing mixtures for organic polymers comprising: (a) at least one compound belonging to the group of 3-pyrazolidinones; (b) at least one compound belonging to the group of organic phosphites or phosphonites; (c) at least one compound belonging to the group of sterically hindered phenols; and, optionally, (d) at least one compound belonging to the group of sterically hindered amines. The above mixtures can be used as stabilizers of organic polymers to degradation caused by oxygen, heat and/or light.

Abstract: A compound of formula (I) wherein n is e.g. a number from 2 to 50; R5′ and R5″ are e.g. a group of formula (II); G1, G2, G3 and G4 are e.g. C1-C4akyl; R1 is e.g. hydrogen or C1-C4alkyl; R2 is e.g. methylene; R3′ is e.g. hydrogen and R3″ is e.g. hydrogen or C1-C4alkyl; R4 is e.g. C2-C8alkylene; and X is e.g. —N(R7)R8) with R7 and R8 being independently of one another hydrogen or C1-C8alkyl, is useful for stabilizing an organic material against degradation induced by light, heat or oxidation.

Abstract: The present inventors have discovered that amine oxides are highly effective as wood preservatives. The present invention provides a wood preservative composition comprising a biocidally effective amount of one or more amine oxides. Preferably, the wood preservative composition is substantially free of halogenated compounds (such as halides and chlorinated compounds) and quaternary ammonium compounds. The wood preservative composition of the present invention exhibits low toxicity, high stability in water, low corrosivity to metal substrates (such as steel substrates), excellent penetration and uniform distribution into wood, low odor, waterproofing properties, and high leaching resistance. The wood preservative composition may be applied to the surface of a wood substrate or be applied by pressure treating the wood substrate with the wood preservative composition. Other cellulosic and fiber materials, such as cotton, burlap, and like materials, may be preserved with the composition of the present invention.

Abstract: A high voltage capable, insulating and resinous composition is disclosed. An epoxy-anhydride resin is prereacted with an antioxidant oligomer selected from the group consisting of organophosphorus compounds, sterically-hindered alkylated phenolics, alkyl and aryl thio-esters, alkyl and aryl thio-phosphites, thiazoles, lactones, hydroxylamines, and maleimides.

Abstract: A high voltage capable, insulating and resinous composition is disclosed. An epoxy-anhydride resin is prereacted with an antioxidant oligomer selected from the group consisting of organophosphorus compounds, sterically-hindered alkylated phenolics, alkyl and aryl thio-esters, alkyl and aryl thio-phosphites, thiazoles, lactones, hydroxylamines, and maleimides.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process of inhibiting the polymerization of vinyl-containing materials through the use of an effective amount of a polymerization inhibitor comprising quinone diimide and a nitroxyl stable free radical under various conditions. This invention also relates to the polymerization inhibitor composition.

Abstract: An aqueous phase inhibitor for quenching free radical polymerization comprising a free radical quenching agent having a hydrophilic tail is disclosed, as well as a coating and related methods. In one embodiment, the free radical quenching agent can either be an N-hydroxylamine or an N-nitrosonamine, the hydrophilic tail can be a polyhydric alcohol tail and the inhibitor can be a concentrate in a liquid medium such as water, alcohol and mixture thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to new s-triazine derivatives of the formula (I): in which R1 represents an —NH—F radical, wherein F is a screening chromophore; R2 represents an —NH—Z—W radical, wherein Z is a divalent radical providing the connection between —NH— and —W, and W is a silicone-containing radical; and R3 is R1, R2, a linear or branched C1-C20 alkyl radical, a linear or branched C2-C20 hydroxyalkyl radical, a linear or branched C1-C20 alkoxy radical, an NHR8 radical or an N(R8)2 radical, with R8 being a linear or branched C1-C20 alkyl radical. The compounds of the invention are useful as organic sunscreen agents in cosmetic compositions intended for the protection of the skin and the hair against ultraviolet radiation. The invention also relates to the use of the compounds in cosmetic applications and to cosmetic compositions with improved properties containing these compounds.

Abstract: This invention relates generally to para-tertiary alkyl phenyl substituted pyrimidines and triazines and the use thereof to protect against degradation by environmental forces, inclusive of ultraviolet light, actinic radiation, oxidation, moisture, atmospheric pollutants and combinations thereof. The new class of para-tertiary alkyl phenyl substituted pyrimidines and triazines includes two tertiary alkylated phenyl groups, and a resorcinol or substituted resocinol group attached to the triazine or pyrimidine ring. These materials may, under the appropriate circumstances, be bonded to formulations comprising coatings, polymers, resins, organic compounds and the like via reaction of the bondable functionality with the materials of the formulation. A method for stabilizing a material by incorporating such para-tertiary alkyl phenyl substituted pyrimidines and triazines is also disclosed.

Abstract: An antioxidant composition suitable for ester fluid lubricants is the reaction product of diphenylamine and N-aryl naphthylamine in the presence of an organic peroxide. The mole ratio of diphenylamine:N-aryl naphthylamine is about 1:1 to about 10:1. This results in more oligomeric reaction products and significantly less unreacted monomeric residual reactants. The resultant product composition comprises DPA homo-oligomers and DPA-NPA cross oligomers. The diphenylamine and N-aryl naphthylamine are desirably substituted with alkyl groups having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms or styryl groups. The reaction temperature is preferably about 130° to about 150° C. Controlled reaction conditions allow the use of solvents with extractable hydrogen atoms without producing significant amounts of dehydrocondensation between the solvent and the diamines.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel compounds of the formula (III) in which the substituents are as defined in the description, to a process for their preparation and to mixtures with other compounds. The compounds of the formula (III) are suitable for stabilizing organic material against the effect of light and heat.

Abstract: A product obtainable by transferring groups of formula (G-I) being present in a block oligomer having a polydispersity {overscore (M)}w/{overscore (M)}n of 1 to 1.7 and corresponding to formula (I) to groups of formula (Gu-II), wherein R1 is a hydrocarbyl radical or —O—R1 is oxyl; said transfer is carried out by reaction of the block oligomer with a hydroperoxide in a hydrocarbon solvent in the presence of a peroxide decomposing catalyst; n is a number from 2 to 14; R2 is for example C2-C12alkylene; A is for example —N(R4)(R5); R4 and R5 are for example C1-C18alkyl; R is preferably a group of formula (G-I) and B and B* have one of the meanings given for A; with the proviso that in the individual recurrent units of formula (I), each of the radicals B, R and R2 has the same or a different meaning. The products are useful as light stabilizers, heat stabilizers and oxidation stabilizers for organic materials, in particular synthetic polymers.

Abstract: A process additive for polyolefin films and foams produces products having reduced aging time and reduced greasiness and reduced grease-like transfer as compared to glycerol monostearate (GMS). Carbon dioxide based blowing agents are suitable. The process additive comprises a fatty acid N-aliphatic alcohol amide of the general formula R—CON(R′)R″. R is a fatty hydrocarbon radical having from about 8 to 30 carbons. R′ typically is hydrogen. R′ can also be an alkyl radical of from about 1 to 6 carbons or an alkyl alcohol radical of from about 1 to 6 carbons. R″ is an alkyl alcohol fragment of from about 1 to 6 carbons. The alkyl alcohol fragments can be monohydric or polyhydric. Secondary fatty monoalkanolamides in which R′ is hydrogen are particularly useful, especially stearamide monoethanolamine (MEA).

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for inhibiting the premature polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers comprising adding to said monomers an effective amount of: A) at least one stable hindered nitroxyl compound having the structural formula:  wherein R1 and R4 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, and heteroatom-substituted alkyl and R2 and R3 are independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl and heteroatom-substituted alkyl; and X1 and X2 (1) are independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, cyano, COOR7, —S—COR7, —OCOR7, (wherein R7 is alkyl of 1 to 15 carbon atoms, or (2) taken together, form a ring structure with the nitrogen; and B) at least one phenylenediamine, and, optionally, C) at least one nitroaromatic compound.

Abstract: Stabilizer mixture comprising, for example, a compound of the formula and, for example, a compound of the formula

Abstract: Polymethylenepolyaminedipropionamides are carbonic corrosion inhibitors devoid of toxicity to the marine environment.

Abstract: A stabilizer composition comprising a) an N-alkyl morpholine and b) a straight-chain or cyclic aliphatic amine containing no hetroatoms other than N with a boiling point of at least 150° C. The stabilizer composition is useful for stabilizing a halogenated hydrocarbon against degradation.

Abstract: An aqueous phase inhibitor for quenching free radical polymerization comprising a free radical quenching agent having a hydrophilic tail is disclosed, as well as a coating and related methods. In one embodiment, the free radical quenching agent can either be an N-hydroxylamine or an N-nitrosonamine, the hydrophilic tail can be a polyhydric alcohol tail and the inhibitor can be a concentrate in a liquid medium such as water, alcohol and mixture thereof.

Abstract: An oxygen scavenger characterized in that the effective component thereof consists of a heterocyclic compound with N—N bond in a ring thereof. An oxygen scavenger characterized in that the effective component thereof consists of a heterocyclic compound with N-substituted amino group. An oxygen scavenger characterized in that the effective component thereof consists of a heterocyclic compound represented by the following formula: (wherein a, b are integers between 0 and 5 to satisfy a relation “2≦a+b≦5”). An oxygen scavenger characterized in that the effective component thereof consists of azodicarbonamide. An oxygen scavenger characterized by including a heterocyclic compound with N-substituted amino group, or the salt thereof, and a hydroxybenzene derivative. Those may contain further neutral amine, alkalic agent and/or water soluble polymer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a mixture of nonylated diphenylamines, especially dinonylated diphenylamines, and to a technically advantageous methodological process for the preparation of that mixture by using acid catalysts in small quantities. The mixture is used as an additive for stabilizing organic products that are subjected to oxidative, thermal and/or light-induced degradation.

Abstract: An electrical oil having reduced gassing tendency includes a major amount of a paraffinic or naphthenic basestock and a blend of certain hindered phenols, especially a blend of 2,6-di-t-butyl phenol and 2,6-di-t-butyl cresol. A further enhanced gassing tendency can be provided to the electrical oil by including a tolyltriazole derivative.

Abstract: This invention relates to a bivalent iron compound comprising a bivalent iron salt, an amino acid and a reducing material. It is known that bivalent iron salts exhibit specific effects in wide applications, for example, agricultural applications such as modification of soil quality, fishing applications such as quality preservation of fishes, medical applications such as treatment of diseases and industrial applications such as prevention of metal corrosion and purification of waste water and exhaust gas. However, the conventional bivalent iron salts suffer a problem that they cannot exhibit such effect for extended periods. This invention was successful in chemically stabilizing the bivalent iron salts by adding amino acids and reducing materials so as to sustain the effects inherent in the bivalent iron salts and to enable utilization thereof in industrial applications.

Abstract: A method for stabilizing an unsaturated polymerizable organic compound from premature polymerization includes addition thereto of an imidazoline or imidazolidine compound, optionally with ring substituents including hydroxyl, oxyl, or oxide moieties as well as aliphatic, alicyclic and/or heterocyclic moieties.

Abstract: The present invention relates to hydroxymandelic acid amides of phenolic amines which can be used as antioxidants or as free-radical scavengers, particularly in the cosmetic or dermatological field, in foods and in cosmetic and dermatological compositions.

Abstract: A wood preservative composition comprising at least one biocide, such as an iodopropargyl compound or a triazole compound, in combination with at least one antioxidant, such as a hindered phenol, a flavonoid compound, or a naturally occurring polyphenol derived from a woody plant, is useful as a cost-effective and environmentally safe wood preservative. The invention also provides a method for the use of such composition and compositions so treated.

Abstract: This invention relates to a vinyl aromatic, especially styrene, polymerization inhibitor system comprising an N-phenyl-1,4-benzoquinoneimine compound and optionally an aryl-substituted phenylenediamine.

Abstract: Polyether and polyester poloyols and polyurethane foams are stabilized by including therein stabilizers selected from (1) diphenylaminomethylbenzotriazole substituted by alkyl or phenylalkyl groups or (2) synergistic compositions consisting of (a) benzotriazole or alkylbenzotriazole and (b) secondary aromatic amine substituted by alkyl or phenylalkyl groups wherein the benzotriazole and amine is present in critical ratios. Furthermore, a method is disclosed for preparation of polyurethane foams from polyols and polyisocyanate that have reduced discoloration due to scorch by adding diphenylamino methylbenzotriazole or compositions of benzotriazole and secondary aromatic amine as scorch inhibitors to the polyol, foaming the polyol and curing.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I), wherein n is a number from 2 to 14; R1 is for example C1-C18alkyl or C5-C12cycloalkyl; R2 is for example C2-C12alkylene; A is for example acetyl, (C1-C4alkoxy)carbonyl, (C1-C4alkyl)aminocarbonyl or C1-C4alkyl; B is —OR3, —N(R4(R5) or a group of formula (II); R3, R4 and R5, which are identical or different, are for example hydrogen or C1-C18alkyl, or —N(R4)(R5) is additionally a group of formula (III) with Y being —O—, —CH2—, —CH2CH2— or >N—CH3; X is —O— or >N—R6; R6 is for example hydrogen or C1-C18alkyl; and R is preferably a group of formula (IV); with the proviso that in the individual recurrent units of formula (I), each of the radicals B, R, R1 and R2 has the same or a different meaning. The indicated compounds are useful as light stabilizers, heat stabilizers and oxidation stabilizers for organic materials, in particular synthetic polymers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to mixtures comprising the compound I in a proportion of 65-95% by weight, the compound II in a proportion of 5-35% by weight and the compound III in a proportion of 0-10% by weight wherein the substituents are as defined in the description, and to mixtures with other compounds. The mixtures are suitable for stabilizing organic material against the effect of light and heat.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for the production of agglomerates of a sterically hindered phenol antioxidant such that the agglomerates have a balanced hardness so as to resist abrasion during conveyance yet being readily dispersed in a host plastic. Such novel agglomerates are achieved through the use of a processing aid consisting of a solvent selected from the group consisting of methylene chloride, chloroform, toluene, acetone, methylethylketone, xylene, cyclohexane, styrene, methylcyclohexane and hexane having at least one gram of antioxidant dissolved therein per 100 mL of solvent and from about 20 to about 50 weight percent of an alcohol of the formula ROH wherein R is an alkyl group of 1 to 8 carbon atoms and thereafter using the resulting solution of solvent, alcohol, and antioxidant to form a paste of additional portions of the antioxidant which is thereafter agglomerated and dried.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel compositions of photoreactive, UV-light absorbing, low molecular weight polyalkylpiperidines and non-photoreactive low molecular weight sterically hindered polyalkylpiperidines as well as to masterbatch compositions comprising the novel compositions. The invention relates further to a process for enhancing the light stability of organic material, the stabilized organic material and its use.

Abstract: The invention relates to specific phenolic acid amides of hydroxy-substituted benzylamines of the formula I ##STR1## to a process for their preparation and to their use as antioxidants or as free-radical scavengers, in particular in the cosmetic or dermatological field, in foods and cosmetic and dermatological compositions comprising these phenolic acid amides.

Abstract: Organic materials having excellent stability against oxidative, thermal or light-induced degradation comprise as stabilisers (i) at least one compound of formula I ##STR1## wherein the general symbols are as defined in claim 1, and (ii) calcium lactate and/or calcium stearoyl-2-lactylate.

Abstract: Products are described which are obtainable by reacting compounds of formula I with compounds of formula IIa or/and IIb and IIIa or/and IIIb and additionally, where appropriate, IV ##STR1## wherein the general symbols are as defined in claim 1, the compound of formula I being, for example, methyl 3-(3',5'-di-tert-butyl-4'-hydroxyphenyl)propionate, the compound of formula IIa being, for example, diethanolamine, the compound of formula IIIa being, for example, methyl oleate, and the compound of formula IV being, for example, sulfur. The cited products can be used as liquid antioxidants in organic materials.

Abstract: This invention relates to a vinyl aromatic, especially styrene, polymerization inhibitor system comprising an N-phenyl-1,4-benzoquinoneimine compound and optionally an aryl-substituted phenylenediamine.

Abstract: This invention relates to stable aromatic amine compositions. These compositions comprise a) a compound selected from the group consisting of alkali metal salts of sulfur compounds, hydrates thereof and aldehydes thereof, aluminum hydrides, borates and boron compounds; and b) an aromatic amine. This invention also relates to a process for stabilizing the color of aromatic amines, and to the production of polyether polyols from these stable aromatic amine compositions.

Abstract: Stabilizer mixture comprising, for example, a compound of the formula ##STR1## and, for example, a compound of the formula ##STR2##

Abstract: A novel electrochemiluminescent (ECL) reaction between diaminoaromatic ligands and soluble metal ions, specifically reactions between aminoaromatic ligands, such as 2,4-diaminotoluene (2,4,DAT), 3,4-diaminotoluene (3,4,DAT) and 2,3-diaminonaphthalene (2,3-DAN) and metal ions such as Au(I), Cu(II), Cr(VI), Fe(III), Ru)III), Se(IV) and V(V). Such reactions form the basis for ECL assays in detection of various substances, such as the reactants. The ECL interaction between these substances can also form the basis for binding methods in the detection of other substances, such as nucleic acids and antibodies wherein the metal ion ligand ECL complex may be used as a label. The ECL assays are considered useful for carrying out field and laboratory analyses for the detection of TNT breakdown products and toxic metals in wastewater streams, soil, and ground water supplies.

Abstract: A photofading inhibitor compound comprising a singlet oxygen quenching moiety having a quenching rate of 1.times.10.sup.6 L mol.sup.-1 S.sup.-1 or faster and a cationic moiety.

Abstract: A synergistic stabilizer mixture comprising a component a) and, for example, a component d), where component a) is, for example, a compound of the formula I-a ##STR1## in which n.sub.1 is a number from 2 to 50, and component d) is, for example, a compound of the formula V-a ##STR2## in which n.sub.4 is a number from 1 to 50.

Abstract: A process for preparing benzotriazolyl-alkylene bisphenol compounds which comprises reacting a 2-hydroxyphenylbenzotriazole and a 2,4-substituted phenol with an aldehyde in the presence of a basic catalyst and an amine compound; benzotriazolyl-alkylene bisphenol compounds obtained by the process; and stabilized organic materials containing the resulting benzotriazolyl-alkylene bisphenol compounds in an amount of 0.01-10 percent by weight. It is possible to prepare the benzotriazolyl-alkylene bisphenol compounds at a high yield, and organic materials can be effectively stabilized with the resulting compounds.

Abstract: A process simulator comprising a triangular mesh generating unit for generating a triangular mesh to a semiconductor device to be processed, a control volume defining unit for defining a control volume on the triangular mesh, an impurity concentration setting unit for setting up the concentration of impurity with respect to the control volume, an oxidation calculating unit for calculating an oxidation process and deforming the triangular mesh, a control volume deforming unit for deforming the control volume, an impurity concentration modifying unit for modifying the impurity concentration according to the deformed control volume, an impurity concentration transferring unit for transferring the modified impurity concentration to the control volume defined on the triangular mesh newly generated to the deformed semiconductor device, and a diffusion calculating unit for performing a diffusion calculation.

Abstract: A process for preserving cellular structures includes the steps of pre-treating the structures with an aqueous polymeric water solution, drying the structures and then post-treating the structures with an organic solvent, non-water-base solution. Once the structure has been treated with the pre-treatment solution, the specimen is allowed to sit for a predetermined period of time in order for the active ingredients of the solution to penetrate the surface area of the specimen. The specimen is then preferably freeze-dried. The solution may also be applied to the cellular material by drawing it systemically through the material.

Abstract: A new compound, Denatonium Capsaicinate, and a method of producing the same are disclosed. Denatonium Capsaicinate provides an enhanced bitter and/or spicy, pungent flavor and may be used as an aversive agent, biocide, antifoulant and flavorant, for example. It is formed by reaction of a denatonium compound, Lidocaine or Lidocaine derivative with Capsaicin or a derivative thereof.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for generating stable, residual disinfectants during the ozonization of water, comprising the carrying out the ozonization of water in the presence of bromide ions and an effective amount of a hypobromite ion scavenger possessing imide and/or amide functionality that preferentially converts hypobromite ions to biocidal, ozone-stable derivatives thereof to thereby suppress the catalytic decomposition reaction of ozone with hypobromite ions. The methods and compositions of the present invention are useful for water disinfection and algae control, generally.

Abstract: A wood preservative which contains a dimethylalkylamine, an aliphatic C.sub.8 -C.sub.20 -dicarboxylic acid and a triazole compound.